Bai+giang+tin+ung+dung

Bi ging - Tin hc ng dng
chng 4
phn tch n nh v thit k kt cu chng
cng trnh ngm theo phng php phn t hu hn
bng chng trnh Phase2
4.1. Khi qut chung v chng trnh Phase2

Phase2 l chng trnh c xy dng trn c s phng php phn
t hu hn (FEM - Finite Element Method) phn tch ng sut v
bin dng cho cng trnh ngm, b dc...v.v, c thi cng trong khi
t hoc .
Phase2 c th m hnh c nhiu loi t khc nhau theSo
cc tiu chun bn Mohr-Coulomb hoc Hoek-Brown. Ngoi ra chng
trnh cng c kh nng m hnh cc h khe nt trong khi nh cc
h khe nt t nhin hoc cc h khe nt hnh thnh do tc ng ca
qu trnh thi cng.
Phase2 cho php m hnh nhiu loi kt cu chng khc nhau cho
khi t hoc nh cc kt cu chng bng neo; kt cu chng dng
v nh b tng phun, b tng lin khi; kt cu chng bng khung
thp ...v.v v c th kt hp nhiu loi kt cu chng khc nhau cho
cng mt cng trnh.
C th s dng chng trnh Phase2 tnh ton n nh cho
cng trnh ngm hoc nn mng cc cng trnh trn b mt, b
dc...v.v.
Yu cu v phn cng my tnh ci t chng trnh
Phase2:
ci t v chy c phn mm Phase2, my tnh phi c cc yu
cu ti thiu nh sau:
+ Tc ti thiu ca my tnh: 1 GHz.
+ S dng h iu hnh Windows 98/Me/2000/XP/2003.
+ Khong trng b nh cng: 100 MB.
+ Tc x l ca b nh trong (RAM): 256 MB.
Cc chc nng c bn ca chng trnh:
Chc nng m hnh (Modeling):
Chc nng m hnh cho php ngi s dng c th xy dng m hnh
tnh ton bng chut hoc nhp cc ta t bn phm hoc nhp
m hnh c v trong chng trnh AutoCad.
Chc nng chia li (Mesh Generation):
Chc nng chia li cho php ngi s dng chia m hnh tnh thnh cc
phn t hu hn. Cc phn t ny c th l phn t tam gic 3 nt
hoc 6 nt, phn t t gic 4 nt hoc 8 nt.
Chc nng to trng ng sut ban u (Field Stress):
Chc nng to trng ng sut ban u cho php ngi s dng thit lp
trng ng sut ban u cho m hnh tnh l hng s hoc trng ng
sut trng lc.
Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 102

Chc nng gn ti trng (Load):
Chc nng gn ti trng cho php ngi s dng gn ti trng tc dng
trong thc t vo m hnh tnh. Ti trng c th l tp trung hoc
phn b.
Chc nng thit lp c tnh vt liu (Material Properties):
Chc nng thit lp c tnh vt liu cho php ngi s dng c th
gn cc thng s c l ca vt liu trong m hnh tnh nh: loi vt
liu, h s Pot xng, m un n hi, bn nn, bn ko,
trng lng ring...v.v.
Chc nng m phng kt cu chng (Support):
Chc nng ny cho php ngi s dng c th m phng cc loi kt
cu chng nh neo, b tng phun, b tng lin khi...v.v c lp t
trong cng trnh.
Chc nng m hnh h khe nt (Joints):
Chc nng ny cho php ngi s dng c th m hnh cc h khe nt
c trong khi hoc m hnh mt tip xc gia cc lp t vi
nhau.
Chc nng biu din kt qu (Data Interpretations):
Chc nng ny cho php biu din cc kt qu tnh tan nh: cc
thnh phn ng sut, cc thnh phn bin dng, h s an ton, vc t
dch chuyn...v.v.
Chc nng xut d liu ra file hoc nh (Exporting Data and
Images):
Chc nng ny cho php xut cc kt qu tnh ton ra file ring c
nh dng l file nh hoc vn bn (text).
4.2. Kh nng ng dng ca chng trnh
Phase2 l phn mm c vit trn c s phng php phn t hu
hn, c th s dng phn tch n nh (ng sut, bin dng, h
s an ton...) ca cng trnh ngm thi cng trong khi t, ; cc
cng trnh thi cng trn b mt khi t, nh cc m l thin, cc
b dc ...v.v.
Phase2 c th m phng cc phng php thi cng phc tp nh
phng php thi cng chia gng p dng cho cc ng hm o trong
khi yu, gian my ca nh my thy in ngm, cc m l
thin ...v.v.
Phase2 c kh nng m phng qu trnh ph hy cng nh tng tc
gia kt cu chng vi khi t xung quanh cng trnh ngm.
4.3. C s l thuyt ca chng trnh Phase2
Chng trnh Phase2 c xy dng trn c s phng php phn
t hu hn FEM (Finite Element Method). Trong mi trng nghin
cu c chia ct theo mt mng cc phn t c kch thc hu hn, tip
xc vi nhau bi cc nt. Bng phng php ny vic gii mt h cc ph-
ng trnh vi phn c a v dng gii mt h cc phng trnh i
s, lin kt cc lc ti cc nt vi cc chuyn v nt qua "ma trn

cng". Cc hm s "hnh dng" v ni suy c p dng din t cc
biu hin ng sut, bin dng ca tng phn t.
y khng i su nghin cu l thuyt ca phng php phn
t hu hn, ngi hc c nhu cu tm hiu ni dung ca phng php
FEM nn tm c cc ti liu v phng php ny.
Mt s bi ton phn tch bng Phase 2 c gii thiu
Vn xc minh li cc ng sut v chuyn v cho trng hp mt l
trn lm vic trong mi trng n hi vi gi tr ng sut nghin cu
(ng sut nn) l:
P0 = 30Mpa
Vt liu n hi v ng hng, vi cc c trng sau:
M un n hi = 6777,93Mpa
H s Poisson = 0,2103448
Bn knh l trn l 1m v n c xem l nh so vi chiu di ca ng
ng, h ch iu kin bin dng n kt qu.
Li gii:
Cch gii quyt vn kn ca Kirsch c th c s dng tm
kim cc gi tr chuyn v hng tm v tip tuyn cng nh cc ng
sut phn b, cho mt ng ng xi lanh trong iu kin mi trng
n hi ng hng di iu kin bi ton phng (Jaeger v Cook,
1976).
Cc thnh phn ng sut r, v r
cho mt im to (r, ) gn ng
xi lanh c bn knh l a (hnh 4.1) c
xc nh theo cc cng thc sau:
a3
r P0 1 3
r
p p2 a2 p1 p 2 3a 4
1 1 2 1 cos 2
2 r 2 r4
p1 p 2 2a 2
3a 4

r 1 2
4 sin 2
2 r r
Dch chuyn hng tm v tip tuyn
(nh hnh 4.1), cho cc iu kin bin
dng phng, c xc nh l:
p 1 p 2 a 2 p1 p 2 a 2 a2 Hnh 4.1. Bi ton ng
u . . 4 1 v cos 2
4G r 4G r r trn trong mi trng n
p p2 a 2 a2 hi
u 1 . 21 2v sin 2
4G r r
Trong G - m un chng trt, v - h s Poisson
M hnh phn tch bng Phase2
M hnh Phase2 cho vn ny c th hin trong hnh 4.2, n s
dng:
- Mt li bn knh
- 40 on () (c chia) xung quanh mt ct ngang l rng trn
- Loi phn t 8 nt (840 phn t)
- iu kin bin ngoi, v tr 21m t tm ca l trn (10 ng knh
ca bin ngoi l trn).
Hnh 4.2. M hnh vi Phase 2
Cc kt qu v nhn nh
Hnh 4.3 v 4.4 cho thy cc gi tr ng sut hng tm v tip tuyn,
v cc chuyn dch hng tp theo mt ng thng (c trc X hay trc
Y) i qua tm ca m hnh. Kt qu ca Phase 2 rt chnh xc vi cc
kt qu phn tch. Mt s tm tt ca s sai khc nhau trong kt qu
phn tch c a ra trong bng 4.1.
Cc ng bin ca ng sut chnh 1 v 3 c gii thiu trong hnh
4.5 v 4.6, v cc dch chuyn hng tm c th hin trong hnh 4.7.
Bng 4.1. S sai khc kt qu phn tch cho l trn trong mi trng
n hi
TT Thng s Trung bnh Ln nht Bin l
trn
1 ur 2,32 5,39 1,1
2 r 0,62 2,50 -
3 0,41 1,42 0,43

Hnh 4.3. S so snh gia kt qu r v cho ng trn xi lanh trong

mi trng n hi
Hnh 4.4. S so snh cho gi ch dch chuyn hng tm ur cho ng

ng xi lanh trong mi trng n hi

Hnh 4.5. S phn b ng sut 1 Hnh 4.6. Phn b ng

sut 3
Hnh 4.7. S phn b dch

chuyn ton b
Bi ton ng trn trong mi trng Mohr - Coulomb

Gii thiu vn
Vn y xc minh cc gi tr ng sut bin dng cho trng hp
mt ng trn trong mi trng n hi vi gi tr ng sut hng s:
Po = 30Mpa
Vt liu y c tnh cht n hi v do hon ton vi tiu chun
ph hu Mohr - Coulomb. C hai s kt hp (s dn n = gc ma st) v
khng kt hp (dn n = 0) c s dng phn tch. Cc c tnh
ca vt liu c tha nhn l:
M un n hi = 6777,93 Mpa
H s Poisson = 0,2103448
Lc dnh kt = 3,45Mpa
Gc ma st trong = 300
S dn n = 00 - 300

Bn knh ca l trn l 1m v c coi l nh so vi chiu di ca ng
ng vi cc iu kin bin dng phng c xt n ca bi ton:
Li gii ca bi ton
Vng bin dng bn knh, R o, c phn tch bi l thuyt m hnh
trn c s kt qu phn tch ca Salencon (1969):
1
q K p 1
P0
2 K p 1
R 0 a .
K p 1 q
Pi
K p 1

Trong :
Ro - bn knh ca l
re - lc dnh gia hai vng n hi v do
re - gc ma st trong chuyn tip gia hai vng
1 sin
Kp
1 sin
q = 2c.tg(45+/2)
P0 - ng sut ban u tc dng
Pi - p lc bn trong tc dng
ng sut hng tm trn mt tip xc gia vng n hi v vng do l:
re - Po - Mc
Cc gi tr ng sut v chuyn dch hng tm trong vng n hi l:
1
1 m
2 2
mP0 m
M s
2 4 c 8
2
R
P0 P0 re 0
r
R
2
2P q 1
u 0 P0 0
2G K p 1 r
Vi m, s l cc gi tr hng s ph thuc vo khi
y r l khong cch t mt im c to (x,y) ti tm ca l
trn. Cc gi tr ng sut v chuyn dch hng tm trong vng do c
xc nh theo cng thc sau:

K 1
q q r p
r Pi

K p 1 K p 1 a
q q r K p 1
K p Pi
K p 1 K p 1 a
q
1 v K p2 1 q R0
K p 1
R0
K p 1
2v 1 P0
Pi

r K p 1 K p K ps K p 1 a r
u
2G 1 v K p K ps 1 q r K p 1

K K v Pi K 1 a
p ps p
Trong :
1 sin
K ps
1 sin
- gc dn n
v - h s Poisson
G - m un chng trt
M hnh bi ton vi Phase 2
M hnh vi Phase 2 cho vn ny c th hin tronghnh 4.8:
- Li ng knh
- 80 on phn t xung quanh khong trng trn
- Phn t 4 nt (3200 phn t)
- Bin ngoi, v tr 21m t tm l trn (10 ln ng bin ca l trn)
- ng sut thu tnh 30Mpa c p dng vi mi phn t ban u

Hnh 4.8. M hnh Phase 2 cho phn tch ca mt l trn trong mi

trng Mohr - Coulomb
Cc kt qu v nhn nh
Cho trng hp do v khng dn n (gc dn n = 00), cc hnh 4.8 v
4.9 cho thy mt s so snh trc tip gia cc kt qu ca Phase 2 v
cc kt qu phn tch i s m ng thng t tm. Cc ng sut r
(3) v (3) c th hin vi cc gi tr ca r trong hnh 4.8, trong
dch chuyn hng tm ur vi cc gi tr r trong hnh 4.9. Cc kt
qu c th so snh ca cc ng sut v chuyn v cho trng hp dn n
chy vi gc dn n = 300 c th hin trong cc hnh 4.10 v 4.11.
Chng biu th s ph hp vi ng thng t phng bn knh.
S sai khc phn tch ng sut v chuyn v c th hin trong bng
4.1. S sai khc ca chuyn v trn bin l trn nh hn 2,37%, nhng
s sai khc xa hn khi khong cch ng knh xa l trn hn v gn
xp x ng bin ngoi. V d, s sai khc dch chuyn hng tm l
5,46% cho trng hp khng dn n v 6,10% cho trng hp c dn n
v tr r = 4a (a l bn knh).
Cc ng bin ng sut chnh 1, 3 v cc gi tr dch chuyn hng
tm c th hin trong cc hnh 4.12, 4.13 v 4.14 v vng bin dng
nh trong hnh 4.15.
Bng 4.2. S sai khc % phn tch cho l trn trong mi trng tiu
chun Mohr - Coulomb
Khng kt hp chy Kt hp vi chy
=0 0
= 300
Trung ln Bin l Trung ln nht Bin l
bnh nht trn bnh trn
ur 3,34 5,46 1,22 4,20 6,10 2,37
r 1,39 9,19 - 2,01 9,23 -
1,22 4,58 - 1,61 6,77 -

Hnh 4.9. So snh r v cho trng hp khng c bin dng chy =

00
Hnh 4.10. S so snh ur trong trng hp = 00

Hnh 4.11. S so snh gia M v 3 khi = 300
Hnh 4.12. S so snh gi tr bin dng hng tm ur

Hnh 4.13. Phn b ng sut chnh 1 Hnh 4.14. Phn b ng

sut chnh 1
( = 0 )
0
( = 00)
Hnh 4.15. Phn b chuyn v ton b Hnh 4.16. Vng

do
( = 00) ( = 00)
Bi ton ng hm c chng gi dng trn trong mi trng
n hi
S gii thiu vn
Vn lin quan n phn tch ca mt ng hm hnh trn trong
mi trng n hi. Kt cu chng gi ng hm l lp v c chiu
dy v n hi vi c tnh chu un v dch chuyn trn bin c xem
xt. Mi trng c nh dng l trng khng ng hng ng sut hai
trc (hnh 4.17).

Hnh 4.17. ng hm dng trn c v chng trong mi trng n hi

xx0 = 30Mpa
yy0 = 15Mpa
Cc c trng ca vt liu c xem xt cho mi trng l:
M un n hi E = 6000.00Mpa
H s Poisson v = 0,2
v cc c trng cho v chng lp t l:
M un n hi Eb = 20000.00Mpa
H s Poisson vs = 0,2
Chiu dy v chng h = 0,5m
Bn knh trong ca v chng a = 2,5m
Li gii ca bi ton
Kt qu ca bi ton cho mt ng hm c chng trong mi trng
n hi khng c s trt trn b mt tng tc gia v chng v khi
c xc nh bi Einstein v Schwartz (1979), v c th c
tm thy trong phn tch ng sut FLAC (1993). Gi tr lc dc N v
m men un M trong chu vi bin trn c xc nh bi cc cng thc
sau:
Trong
V yy0 - trng ng sut thng ng v cng

K - t s gia ng sut nm ngang v ng sut thng ng (xx0/yy0)
E - m un n hi ca mi trng xung quanh
v - h s Poisson ca mi trng
Es - m un n hi ca lp v
vs - h s Poisson ca v
A - din tch mt ct ngang ca v cho mt n v mt ct
I - m men chng un
- v tr gc t tm ti im xt v vi mt phng ngang
a - bn knh ca ng hm
M hnh phn tch bng Phase 2

M hnh vi Phase 2 cho vn ny c th hin trong hnh 4.18.
- Mt li bn knh
- 80 on xung quanh khong trng trn
- phn t 4 cnh (1680 phn t)
- gim kch thc ca bin cho gii hn b nh ca my tnh, cc phn t
c s dng cho bin ngoi, vi v tr bin 12,5m t tm ng trn (2
ln ng knh t tm ca l trn).
- ng sut c lp t ban u cho cc phn t
Hnh 4.18. M hnh vi Phase 2

Cc kt qu v nhn nh
Hnh 4.19 v hnh 4.20 cho thy s so snh s cc kt qu ca Phase
2 v kt qu phn tch xung quanh bin ng hm c v chng. Gi
tr lc dc N ca v chng c a ra tng ng vi gc trong hnh
4.19, trong khi m men un M c a ra trong hnh 4.20. Gc l
gi tr ca ng bin t im xt ng sut n mt phng nm
ngang. S sai khc kt qu phn tch c th hin trong bng 4.3. S
sai khc ca lc dc nh hn 0,48%, cc gi tr m men khng st vi l

thuyt, nhn thy gi tr sai s 12,3% chng tng t nh kt qu ca
phn tch xc minh ng sut trong FLAC.
Cc ng bin cng ng sut chnh 1, 3 v dch chuyn tng hp c
gii thiu trong cc hnh 4.21, 4.22 v 4.23.
Bng 4.3. S sai khc % cc phn tch cho ng hm trn c v
chng
Trung bnh Ln nht
Lc dc N 0,31 0,48
M men un M 12,3 12,3
Hnh 4.19. So snh kt qu ca gi tr lc dc N vi ng hm trn c

v chng trong mi trng n hi.
Hnh 4.20. So snh kt qu ca gi tr m men un M vi ng hm

trn c v chng trong mi trng n hi.

Hnh 4.21. Phn b ng sut chnh 1 Hnh 4.22. Phn b

ng sut chnh 1
( = 00) ( = 00)
Hnh 4.23. Phn b chuyn v dch chuyn trong mi trng
Bi ton ng hm trn c v chng trong mi trng do

Gii thiu vn
Vn ny xc minh kt qu phn tch ca ng hm trn c v
chng trong mi trng do. Cc kt cu chng ng hm c coi nh l
cc phn t dm n hi v do vi c s un v dch chuyn trn chu
vi ca ng hm c xem xt. Vn c th hin trong hnh 4.24
v mi trng c coi l khng ng
hng ng sut theo hai phng v
cng:
xx0 = - 30Mpa
yy0 = - 60Mpa
zz0 = - 30Mpa
Vt liu cho mi trng c nh
dng cho lp v n hi v chu nh
hng ca tnh do vi s ph hu b mt c xc nh bi tiu chun
Drucker - Prager
I1
f s J 2 q k
3
Kh nng tim tng tri b mt l:
I1
g s J 2 q k
3
Trong I1 = 1 + 2 + 3
J2
1
6

x y 2 y z 2 x z 2 xy2 yz2 zx2
S kt hp (q = qw) nguyn tc trt c s
dng. Cc c tnh vt liu chy c xc Hnh 4.24. ng hm
nh: trn c v trong mi tr-
M un n hi Em = 6000Mpa ng
H s Poisson = 0,2
k = 2,9878Mpa
q = qw = 0,50012
Cc c tnh v hnh dng cho v chng s dng phn t dm l:
M un n hi Eb
H s Poisson vs = 0,2
Trng ng sut = 60Mpa (do hon ton)
Chiu dy v h
Bn knh trong v a = 1,0m
M hnh phn tch bng Phase 2
M hnh Phase 2 cho trng hp ny c th hin trong hnh 4.25. N
s dng:
- Mt li bn knh
- 40 on xung quanh khong trng ng hm trn
- Phn t 4 nt (520 phn t)
- 40 phn t dm (ng hm c lp t v chng)
- ng bin ngoi, v tr 7m t tm ca l trn (3 ln ng knh t
bin l trn)
- ng sut tc dng ln nh l lp t trn mi phn t
Chng ta cung cp s xc minh ca hai m hnh:
- v chng n hi trong mi trng n hi
- v chng do trong mi trng n hi

Hnh 4.25. M hnh Phase 2 phn tch mt ng hm trn c v

trong mi trng

Hng dn ci t chng trnh Phase 2:
ci t c Phase 2 bn phi c a ci Phase 2 hoc b ci
setup lu trong my tnh. Khi ng my tnh ri vo Phase 2 trong b
ci :
Phase 2 Setup my tnh s bt bn nhp serial number, sau khi
ci t xong s dng Phase 2 mt cch bnh thng bn phi copy
file ton b cc file trong th mc Crack trong phn Setup ca Phase
2 vo trong C/program/rocscience/Phase 2 sau s s dng c
Phase 2 mt cch bnh thng.
4.4. Hng dn s dng phn mm Phase 2
4.4.1. Giao din ca Phase 2
tm hiu c giao din ca Phase 2, trc tin ta cn khi ng
Phase 2, th tc:
+ Start Programs Rocscience Phase 2
+ Hoc nhn p chut vo biu tng bn ngoi desktop s thy

xut hin giao din Phase 2 nh hnh v.
Hnh 4.26. Giao din ca Phase 2

Giao din ca Phase 2 bao gm cc thanh mnu v cc thanh cng
c tr gip tin ch trong qu trnh lm vic
Hnh 4.27. Cc thanh mnu v cc thanh tr gip tin ch trong

Phase 2
4.4.2. Bt u mt d n mi

bt u mt d n mi chng ta cn phi ci t cc thng
tin, cc bc thc hin d n trc khi phn tch. thc hin c vic
chng ta lm th tc sau:
+ File Project settings
+ Hoc nhn chut vo biu tng ci t d n trn thanh cng

c pha trn mn hnh.
Sau khi thao tc my tnh s bo xut hin hp thoi Project settings,
chng ta cn thc hin:
Hnh 4.28. Hp thoi ci t d n

+ Project name: t tn cho d n
+ Number of stages: nhp s bc thi cng tu vo trng hp c th
(vi trng hp o ton gng thng thng l 3 bc: o - chng tm -
chng c nh). Nu ng hm o chia gng th s bc c th
tng ln.
+ Analysis type: chn loi phn tch c bi ton bin dng phng
(Plane strane), i xng trc (axisymmetric).
+ Max number Iterations: nhp s lng phn t ln nht phn tch:
500 hoc c th thay i tu .
+ Tolerance: mc tnh ton
+ Number of load Steps: cc bc ti trng tc dng ch t
ng Auto
Sau khi khai bo xong ton b cc tham s cn thit ta nhn OK
kt thc vic ci t d n v bt u thit lp m hnh cho d n.
thit lp m hnh chng ta cn thit phi thit lp bin ca -
ng hm v bin (vng nghin cu xung quanh ng hm), c th thc
hin mt trong 3 th tc:
+ Boundaries excavation add excavation
+ Nhn chut vo thanh cng c pha trn mn hnh
+ C th nhp t file DXF trong Autocad
Th tc tin hnh nh trn c th quan st c trong hnh v 4.29.

Hnh 4.28. Th tc to mt ct ngang ng hm trong Phase 2

My tnh s bo bn nhp cc ch dn nhp to dng nhc pha
di bn phi mn hnh giao din:
Enter vertex [a=arc, esc=quit]: (0, 0)
Enter vertex [a=arc, u=undo, esc=quit]: 10,0
Enter vertex [a=arc, u=undo, esc=quit]: 10,5
Enter vertex [a=arc, c=close, u=undo, esc=quit]: a (mc nh s
on chia cung trn bng 20 hoc tu chn thay i).
Number of segments in arc <20>: press Enter
Enter second arc point [u=undo, esc=quit]: 5,10
Enter third arc point [u=undo, esc=quit]: 0,5
Enter vertex [a=arc, esc=quit]: 0,0 hoc nhn c khp kn vi
im u tin
Vi cc cch lm nh trn ta c tit din mt ct ngang ng hm
hnh vm chiu rng 10m.
Hnh 4.29. Mt ct ngang ng hm nhp bng Phase 2

Ch , khng nn v cc mt ct ngang ng hm phc tp trong
Phase 2 s rt lu. Trng hp bn nn v trong Autocad sau nh
file di dng DXF v import vo trong Phase 2 s c hiu qu hn rt
nhiu.

+ Thit lp vng nghin cu cho m hnh
thit lp vng nghin cu cho m hnh chng ta thc hin cc th
tc sau:
+ Boundaries add external
+ Nhn chut vo biu tng pha trn mn hnh
Hnh 4.30. Th tc thit lp vng nghin cu

Sau khi thao tc nh trn my tnh bo hp thoi create External
Boudary. Trong hp thoi ny c cc loi bin c th chn la t hnh
vung, trn, v h s m rng Expansion Factor (ch ngi ta thng
ly vng nghin cu cch bin hm khong t 5 - 7R vi R bn knh ca
ng hm).
Hnh 4.31. Hp thoi xc nh vng nghin cu

Trong trng hp ny ta chn box v h s Expansion Factor bng
2 ta s thu c vng nghin cu cho bi ton nh hnh v 4.32.
Hnh 4.32. Kt qu vng nghin cu cho bi ton

4.4.3. To li cho m hnh
Sau khi to c m hnh cho d n, chng ta cn thit phi to li
ri rc cc phn t trong vng nghin cu. thc hin vic , ta cn
thit phi ci t li phn tch:
+ Mesh Setup
+ Hoc nhn chut vo biu tng thanh tr gip pha trn mn
hnh
Hnh 4.33. Th tc ci t li cho m hnh t mnu Mesh

My tnh xut hin hp thoi Mesh Setup nh trong hnh v 4.34.
Hnh 4.34. Hp thoi ci t li cho m hnh
Trong hp thoi ny chng ta cn thit phi la chn kiu li (mesh

type), loi phn t (Element type) s lng n trn ton b khong
trng ngm (Number of nodes on all excavations). Kt thc vic
ci t nhn OK kt thc vic ci t.
Thc hin ri rc bin hm v bin m hnh
+ Mesh Discretize
+ Nhn chut vo thanh cng c Discretize trn thanh tr gip pha
trn mn hnh
Hnh 4.35. Th tc ri rc bin hm v bin m hnh

Hin li cho m hnh phn tch.
+ Mesh Mesh
+ Nhn chut vo thanh cng c Discretize trn thanh tr gip pha
trn mn hnh

Hnh 4.36. Kt qu li m hnh phn tch

+ To khong trng cng trnh ngm
to khong trng cng trnh ngm, chng ta c th thc hin thao
tc sau:
+ Properies Assign Properties
+ Nhn chut vo thanh cng c pha trn mn hnh giao din
Nhn chut vo nt Excavation trong hp thoi Assign Mat a ra
khong trng cng trnh ngm s ct c phn li pha trong ng
hm v to c ng hm nh trong hnh v.
Hnh 4.37. Th tc v kt qu ct to ng hm trong bc 1

+ Sau khi to c ng hm, tin hnh nh file ang thao tc
File Save t tn file l Vi du (hoc c th nhn Ctrl + S)
nh file
4.4.4. Thit lp v gn c tnh t cho m hnh
ng hm c o vo trong cc khi t khc nhau. V vy,
cn thit phi thit lp cc c tnh ca t cho m hnh. Phase
2 c th cho php bn thit lp c kh y cc thng tin ca t
i vi cc m hnh phn tch.
Th tc thit lp c tnh t c th c thc hin nh sau:
+ Properties Define Materials

+ Nhn chut vo thanh cng c tr gip Define material

Properties pha trn mn hnh
Hnh 4.38. Th tc thit lp cc c tnh t cho m hnh

phn tch
Sau khi thao tc nh trn my tnh xut hin hp thoi Define

Material Properties, trong hp thoi ny chng ta cn phi nhp cc
yu t sau:
+ Name: tn vt liu
+ Initial Element loading: phn t ti trng c th ch c trng ng
sut (Field stress only) cng c th theo t trng Body force only
hoc c hai.
+ Material colour: mu vt liu
+ Youngs Modulus: m un n hi
+ Poisson Ratio: h s Poisson
+ Strength Parameters: Cc tham s bn
+ Failure Criterion: tiu chun ph hu c th l Morh - Coulomb
hoc Hoek - Brown
+ Tensile Strength: bn ko ca
+ Fric Angle: gc ma st trong ca t
+ Cohension: lc dnh kt ca t

Hnh 4.39. Hp thoi Define Material Properties nh ngha cc
c tnh ca t
Sau khi nhp cc tham s cn thit ca t trong hp thoi

Define Material Properties nhn OK chp nhn cc c tnh
trn.
add vt liu vo trong m hnh chng ta c th s dng 2 cch
sau:
+ Properties Assign Properties
+ S dng thanh cng c tr gip pha trn mn hnh giao din
Hnh 4.40. Gn vt liu vo trong m hnh phn tch

t l mi trng phc tp, n c th cha cc khe nt, phay ph,
phn lp, nc ngm, v.v. Tuy nhin, Phase 2 cho php chng ta c th
m phng c cc c tnh ca t mt cch n gin v r
rng.
+ Thit lp c tnh ca khe nt: thit lp c tnh ca khe
nt chng ta s dng th tc sau:
+ Boundaries Add joint
+ S dng thanh tr gip pha trn mn hnh
Sau khi thao tc my tnh bo chng ta reset li li trc khi add khe nt
Hnh 4.41. Hp thoi Reset Mesh trc khi add joint

Trc khi add joint nhn Yes bt u my tnh xut hin hp thoi
Create joint bt chng ta chn loi khe nt t nhin (natural) hay
nhn to (artificial)
Hnh 4.42. Hp thoi Create joint

Nhn OK bt u add khe nt vo trong m hnh

Hnh 4.43. V d kt qu add khe nt vo trong m hnh

Cc c tnh ca khe nt c th c nh ngha theo cch sau:
+ Properties Define Joint
+ Nhn chut vo thanh cng c Define joint properties pha
trn mn hnh
Hnh 4.44. Th tc nh ngha cc c tnh ca khe nt

My tnh xut hin hp thoi Define joint Properties, trong hp
thoi ny bn cn t tn khe nt, chn la mu sc cng vng
v lc ct trn mt n v chiu di. Tiu chun bn s dng v cc
gi tr tham s c hc khc nh trong hnh 4.45.
Hnh 4.45. Hp thoi nh ngha khe nt Define joint Properties

Sau khi bn nhp y cc tham s cho khe nt, tin hnh nhn
OK chp nhn cc c tnh ca khe nt.
Vic gn c tnh ca khe nt vo trong m hnh th cng c
lm tng t nh gn vt liu t vo trong m hnh.
+ Thit lp cc lp vt liu: t c th c tnh phn lp, Phase 2
cng c th tc gip chng ta chia cc lp t bng th tc:
+ Boundaries Add material
+ S dng thanh tr gip pha trn mn hnh
Sau khi thao tc my tnh bo chng ta reset li li trc khi add ng
chia phn lp
Hnh 4.46. Hp thoi Reset Mesh trc khi add material
Hnh 4.47. V d kt qu ca vic s dng phn chia lp t

+ Thit lp mc nc ngm: Cc ng hm xy dng trong lng dt
c th nm bn trn hoc bn di mc nc ngm. t c cha nc
ngm th cc c tnh ca n cng khc, Phase 2 c th gip chng
ta phn tch bi ton c ch n mc nc ngm trong m hnh, th
tc:
+ Boundaries Add piezometric line
V c tnh ca nc ngm c th c inh ngha thng qua cc thao
tc:
+ Properties Define Groundwater
+ Nhn chut vo thanh cng c tr gip Define groundwater
properties pha trn mn hnh.

Hnh 4.48. Th tc thit lp cc c tnh ca nc ngm
My tnh xut hin hp thoi Define Groundwater Properties,

trong hp thoi ny chng ta nh ngha cc tham s ca nc ngm,
kt thc ta nhn OK chp nhn
Hnh 4.49. Hp thoi Define Groundwater Properties nh dng n-

c ngm
4.4.5. iu kin bin cho m hnh phn tch

iu kin bin cho m hnh phn tch c th thay i trn bin
ca m hnh, vic thay i trn bin ca m hnh c th c thc
hin nh sau:
+ Vo Restraints la chn cc thay i dng gi lin kt
+ Hoc s dng cc thanh tr gip pha trn mn hnh

giao din

Hnh 4.50. Thay i iu kin bin trn cc gi

Chng ta c th thay i iu kin bin v gi theo yu cu
phn tch cn thit. V d thay i iu kin bin pha trn free
hai bn sn m hnh l Restrain X nh hnh v.
Hnh 4.51. V d thay i iu kin gi ta cho m hnh phn

tch
4.4.6. Ti trng tc dng ln m hnh
Phase 2 cho php chng ta phn tch c ch n cc yu t ti
trng bn ngoi tc dng ln m hnh nh trng lng bn thn t ,
ti trng nn mng cc cng trnh trn mt, nh hng ca ti trng
ng, v.v.
thit lp ti trng tc dng ln m hnh, chng ta s dng thao
tc sau:
Hnh 4.52. Thao tc thm ti trng vo trong m hnh phn tch

Hoc cng c th s dng cc thanh cng c tr gip,
pha trn mn hnh giao din mt cch nhanh chng

hn.
Hnh 4.53. V d kt qu mt m hnh c s dng thm lc tc dng

pha trn
4.5. Kt qa phn tch ng hm khng chng gi

Sau khi thit lp c m hnh v a cc tham s phn tch vo
trong m hnh, tin hnh chy chng trnh rt ra c kt qu
phn tch cho ng hm cha c chng gi.
chy chng trnh ngi ta c th thc hin di hai dng:
+ File Compute
+ Nhn chut vo thanh cng c Compute pha trn giao din
mn hnh
My tnh s xut hin hp thoi tnh ton phn tch
Hnh 4.54. Hp thoi tnh ton ca Phase 2

Sau khi my tnh chy xong, xem kt qu chng ta thc hin thao
tc sau:
+ File Interpret

+ Hoc nhn chut hp Interpret pha trn giao din mn hnh
Hnh 4.55. V d kt qu s phn b ca ng sut 1 xung quanh -

ng hm khi cha c kt cu chng gi.
Hnh 4.56. V d kt qu s phn b ca ng sut 3 xung quanh -

ng hm khi cha c kt cu chng gi.

Hnh 4.57. V d kt qu s phn b ca bin dng tng th xung

quanh ng hm khi cha c kt cu chng gi.
Hnh 4.57. V d cc kt qu sau phn tch xung quanh ng hm

khi cha c kt cu chng gi.
Trong hp thoi trn chng ta mun bit c kt qu g chng ta
ch cn con chut vo tng ng s c cc kt qu cn thit.
4.6. V d phn tch
Hnh 4.58. S v d phn tch

Nu bn mun b qua cc bc lp m hnh trong v d ny, c th
ly kt qu m hnh v d ny trong file c tn tut1.dat trong th
mc examples trong th mc ci t chng trnh PHASE2.
4.6.1. To m hnh
Trong phn hng dn s dng nhanh s trnh by mt s chc nng
c bn ca chng trnh PHASE2 c s dng to ra nhng m
hnh n gin nh hnh trn. Bn s thy m hnh c to ra nhanh
v d nh th no phn tch trong PHASE2.
Nu bn cha chy chng trnh, hy bt u chy chng trnh PHASE2
MODEL bng cch nhp p chut ln biu tng PHASE2 trong th mc
ci t ca bn, hoc t trnh n Start bn chn:
Programs Rocscience Phase2 Phase2.
4.6.2. Gii hn bn v
Bc u tin trong cc chng trnh my tnh h tr thit k l
t gii hn cho bn v, do bn v s lun bao quanh cc m hnh.
Chn: View Limits
Nhp gi tr nh nht v ln nht ca to x-y vo trong hp thoi
Set Limits nh sau:
Hnh 4.59. Gii hn to trong hp thoi Setlimts
4.6.3. V cc ng bin
Trc tin to ra m hnh nh sau:
Chn: Boundaries Add Excavation
Enter vertex [a=arc, esc=quit]: -5 10
Enter vertex [a=arc, u=un
do, esc=quit]: -5 0
Enter vertex [a=arc, u=undo, esc=quit]: 5 0
Enter vertex [a=arc, c=close, u=undo, esc=quit]:5 10
Enter vertex [a=arc, c=close, u=undo, esc=quit]: a
Number of segments in arc <20>: press Enter
Enter second arc point [u=undo, esc=quit]: 0 15
Enter third arc point [u=undo, esc=quit]: c
Ch , cc du nhc c s dng to ra phn vm ca cng
trnh. u tin lnh a c nhp vo bt u to ra cung trn.
Sau chng ta chp nhn s mc nh (20) cc on thng to
thnh cung trn, trong trng hp ny l 20 on bng cch nhn Enter
du nhc tip theo (mc d chng ta c th nhp cc s khc nhau).
Tip theo chng ta nhp to ca im gia cung trn (0, 15) v
nhp c du nhc cui cng, cung trn s ng li ti im u tin
ca cng trnh. Trong trng hp ny, chng ta to ra mt na ng
trn, hoc chng ta c th to ra cung trn bng im gia th hai
thp hn im th nht.
By gi chng ta to ra ng bin m rng. Trong PHASE2, ng bin
m rng c th t ng c to ra hoc do ngi s dng to ra. Chng
ta s s dng chc nng t ng.
Chn: Boundaries Add External
Hnh 4.60. Hp thoi m rng vng nghin cu

Nhp Expansion Factor = 2 v chn OK. ng bin m rng s t
ng c to ra. Cc ng bin ca v d ny c nhp xong.
4.6.4. To li
By gi chng ta s tin hnh to phn t hu hn li. Trong chng
trnh Phase2, li c to ra bng 2 bc: bc th nht bn phi ri rc ha
ng bin, sau to ra li phn t. Bn cng c th nh dng cho li
bng cc thng s trc khi tin hnh to li. Chng ta s lm vic ny tr-
c tin, nu bn khng s dng hp thoi Mesh Setup th cc thng s
mc nh trong hp thoi s c s dng.
Chn: Mesh Setup

Hnh 4.61. Hp thoi la chn c tnh ca li phn tch

Nhp s nt ca cng trnh: Excavation Nodes = 60 v chn
OK.
By gi thc hin ri rc ng bin.
Chn: Mesh Discretize
Qu trnh ri rc ng bin c ch ra bng cc du ch thp
mu s to thnh khung cho cc phn t hu hn li. Ch , cc
thng s ri rc ha c hin ra thanh trng thi cho bit s phn t
ri rc cho mi loi ng bin.
Discretizations: Excavation=59 External=26
Ch , s lng phn t ri rc ca ng hm l 59, nhng chng ta
nhp s l 60 trong hp thoi Mesh Setup. ng lo lng v iu ny,
l bnh thng. Trong qu trnh ri rc ha, s phn t s lun lun
ging nh con s m bn nhp vo trong hp thoi Mesh Setup. Nu
bn thy cha hi lng vi qu trnh ri rc, bn c th s dng hp thoi
Custom Discretize - xem ch dn cui cun sch ny.
By gi tin hnh to phn t hu hn li bng cch chn la chn
Mesh trong thc n Mesh.
Chn: Mesh Mesh
Phn t hu hn li c to ra v ngi s dng khng th can thip
thm vo c na. Khi kt thc, thanh trng thi s cho bit s lng
phn t v s nt trong li:
ELEMENTS = 585 NODES = 335
Nu bn thc hin chnh xc theo cc bc trn, bn s nhn c s phn
t v s nt ging nh trn.
4.6.5. iu kin bin
Trong v d ny cc iu kin bin khng cn thay i. Bi ton
s c tin hnh theo iu kin bin mc nh (chuyn v = 0), cc
iu kin bin ny c c nh cho ng bin m rng.
4.6.6. Trng ng sut
Trong chng trnh Phase2 bn c th nh ngha trng ng sut
hng s hoc trng ng sut trng lc. Trong v d ny chng ta s s
dng trng ng sut hng s.
Chn: Loading Field Stress
Nhp Sigma1=20, Sigma3=10, SigmaZ=10, Angle=30 v chn OK.

Hnh 4.62. Hp thoi c tnh ca trng ng sut
Ch , c mt "khi ng sut" xut hin gc trn cng bn phi

ca giao din biu din hng v ln ca trng ng sut m bn va
nhp vo. Gc c tnh theo chiu kim ng h t trc nm ngang.
4.6.7. Cc tnh cht ca vt liu
Chng ta s nh ngha cc c tnh ca khi .
Chn: Properties Define Materials
Chn phm Tab u tin (mc nh) v nhp cc thng s nh hnh v
di y:
Nhp lc dnh kt = 12 MPa v chn OK.
Khi bn nhp cc thng s c tnh ny trong phm Tab u tin
(mc nh), bn khng th gn cc thuc tnh ny cho m hnh.
PHASE2 t ng gn cc thuc tnh ny gip bn (Thng thng, phm
Tab u tin ca mi la chn nh ngha (nh ngha vt liu,
nh ngha neo, nh ngha v chng, nh ngha khe nt) biu
din nhng c tnh mc nh c gn cho kiu tn ti).
Nu bn nh ngha cc c tnh bng cc phm Tab Material 2,
Material 3, Material 4,...(cho nhiu loi vt liu khc nhau), bn c
th s dng nhng nh ngha ny gn cho cc loi vt liu trong
m hnh, c th xem thm chi tit hng dn s 2.

Hnh 4.63. Hp thoi cc c tnh ca t

M hnh cui cng ca bn s c dng nh hnh v di y.
Hnh 4.64. M hnh c to ra trong chng trnh PHASE2

4.6.8. Tnh ton
Trc khi phn tch m hnh, hy ghi n li trong file c tn
quick.fea (cc file m hnh trong PHASE2 c tn phn ui ko di
l .FEA).
Chn: File Save
Bn s thy ca s hp thoi Save As xut hin. Hy ghi li file v
bn sn sng chy chng trnh phn tch.
Chn: File Compute
Lnh Compute s tin hnh chy chng trnh phn tch, khi kt thc
lnh ny, c th xem kt qu trong chng trnh INTERPRET.
4.6.9. Biu din kt qu
Chn: File Interpret
Lnh ny s bt u chy chng trnh INTERPRET trong PHASE2.
Khi kt thc, kt qu s hin ra trong giao din INTERPRET, theo
mc nh, bn lun lun thy kt qu biu din ng ng ng
sut ca thnh phn ng sut chnh Sigma1 nh trn hnh 4.65.

Hnh 4.65. ng ng ng sut ca thnh phn ng sut chnh

Sigma1.
Ch nh hng ca hng trng ng sut ban u trn cc ng ng
ng sut Sigma1.
S dng la chn Zoom Excavation phng to hnh biu din.
Chn: View Zoom Zoom Excavation
Quan st phn b ng sut gc trn cng bn tri v gc di cng bn
phi ca cng trnh. Gi tr Sigma1 ln nht t c ti v tr gc di
bn phi cng trnh. hin ln qu o ca thnh phn ng sut
chnh, tin hnh nh sau:
Chn: View Display Options
Trong hp thoi Display Options, chn Stress Trajectories sau
chn Done.
Qu o ca thnh phn ng sut chnh s hin ln trn m hnh
bng cc du thp nh, trc di ca du thp biu din hng ca thnh
phn ng sut chnh Sigma1 v trc nh biu din hng ca thnh
phn ng sut Sigma3.
C th bt hoc tt hin th ca qu o ng sut bng cch chn
nt Stress Trajectories trn thanh cng c Display Options. hin
th li ton b m hnh (sau khi phng to) chn Zoom All (hoc c th
s dng chc nng ca phm F2).
Chn: View Zoom Zoom All
By gi hy xem ng ng mc h s bn.
Chn: Data Strength Factor
Hy thay i s khong ng ng mc bng cch:
Chn: View Contour Options
Trong hp thoi Contour Options, thay t Format sang Custom, nhp
Number (of contour intervals) = 7 v chn Done.

Hnh 4.66. ng ng mc h s bn
Ch , khong ng mc nh nht ca h s bn l t 1 n 2.
Do , da trn c s phn tch m hnh n hi khng c ph hy
xy ra trong m hnh.
Chng ta khng th t c cc thng tin trong phn tch do trn
cng mt m hnh, tr khi chng ta nh ngha li vt liu l do v chy
li chng trnh phn tch.
Cui cng, hy xem chuyn v. Trc ht chn li Zoom Excavation:
Chn: Data Total Displacement
Nhng ng ng mc chuyn v s c hin th v trn thanh
trng thi s hin ln gi tr chuyn v ln nht ca m hnh (khong
10mm).
Maximum Total Displacement = 0.01041 m
Nh quan st thy trn cc ng ng mc, chuyn v ln nht
xut hin phn hng (tng) ca cng trnh ngm. By gi hy hin
th vc t bin dng v bin dng ca ng bin. y, chng ta s
dng cc nt trn thanh cng c Display. Chn cc nt Deformed
Boundaries v Defomation Vectors trn thanh cng c Display.
Bin dng ca bin ng hm cng c biu din bng cc la chn
trn. Ch , h s t l mc nh c s dng phng to bin
dng. Ngi s dng c th t nh ngha h s t l ny trong hp
thoi Display Options.

Hnh 4.67. ng ng mc chuyn v, vc t chuyn v v bin

dng ca bin cng trnh ngm
Tt cc hin th vc t chuyn v v bin dng ca bin cng
trnh bng cch chn li cc nt tng ng trn thanh cng c Display.
Hy kho st t m mt s ng ng mc bng cch iu
chnh khong gi tr ng mc theo mun v thm mt s nhn ghi
cho cc ng ng mc. Nhp chut phi v chn Contour Options.
Trong hp thoi Contour Options, t khong gi tr ng mc ln
nht l 0,012 v thay i s khong l 6, chn Done. By gi thm
mt s nhn ghi cho cc ng ng mc nhn bit gi tr ca mi
ng ng mc.
Chn: Tools Label Contour
Con tr s xut hin trn mn hnh. Nhp tri chut ti bt k v tr
no trong vng gii hn ng ng mc, nhn ghi ca ng ng mc
s thay th ti cc v tr . Hnh bn di y biu din kt qu sau
khi bn thm mt s nhn ghi ng mc trn m hnh. Sau khi bn
thm tt c cc nhn ghi m bn mong mun, nhn phm Esc hoc
nhp chut phi v chn Cancel.
Hnh 4.68. Thm nhn ghi vo ng ng mc chuyn v

xo cc nhn ghi t m hnh, s dng la chn Delete Drawings.
Chn: Tools Delete Drawings
1. Nhp chut tri ln mt s nhn, ch chng s ni r ln khi c
chn.
2. Nhp chut phi v chn Delete Selected, cc nhn c chn s
d xo.
Ch :
xo tt c cc nhn ghi trong cng mt ln bn c th chn:
Tools Delete All Drawings hoc nhp chut phi v chn
Delete All trong khi ang thc hin lnh Delete Drawings.
C th xo tng nhn mt ti bt k thi im no bng cch
nhp chut phi ln nhn v chn Delete t trnh n bt ln.
Trc khi kt thc phn hng dn ny, hy xem la chn Info Viewer.
Chn: File Info Viewer
Tm tt m hnh v cc thng s phn tch c hin th trn mn
hnh. Nu bn mun, c th in trang ny ra.

Hnh 4.69. Xem cc thng tin

n y kt thc phn hng dn bt u nhanh ny.
thot ra khi chng trnh INTERPRET:
Chn: File Exit.
4.7. Hng dn gia c - bc 1

Hnh 4.70. M hnh ng hm cn gia c chng gi

Trong bc th nht ca phn hng dn gia c, m hnh trn c
th c to ra v phn tch khng cn gia c. C 2 trng hp phn
tch do v n hi u c thc hin. Gia c (neo v b tng phun)
s c thc hin trong bc 2 ca phn hng dn gia c.
Nu bn mun b qua cc bc to m hnh v kt thc bc 1 ca phn
hng dn gia c (vi cc thng s vt liu do) c th tm thy file
"tut3a.fea" trong th mc "examples" trong th mc ci t chng
trnh PHASE2.
4.7.1. To m hnh
M hnh ny biu din ng hm c hnh dng mng nga vi
khu khong 5m c thi cng trong khi nt n mnh. Khi
c m t c cht lng rt km v cn phi gia c gi n nh.
4.7.1.1. V ng bin
Trong v d ny, ta xc nh mt ct ngang ng hm
c ghi li dng file DXF, bi v phi s dng mt s lng ln cc
im xc nh chnh xc mt ct ngang ca ng hm. Do
, chng ta s khng nhp ta bng th cng nh trong phn hng
dn trc m ch n gin l c file DXF c cha dng hnh hc ca
ng hm.
Chn: File Import Import DXF
Hnh 4.71. Th tc nhp ng hm t DXF
Trong hp thoi DXF Options, chn Excavations v chn OK.

Bn s thy ca s hp thoi m file. M file tunnel.dxf trong th mc
"examples" trong th mc ci t chng trnh PHASE2. Khi bn s
thy hnh dng ng hm c hin ra trn mn hnh. By gi v -
ng bin m rng.
Chn: Boundaries Add External

Hnh 4.72. Hp thoi m rng bin nghin cu

Chng ta s s dng cc thng s mc nh, do ch cn chn
OK t ng to ra ng bin m rng vi h s m rng l 3.
Nh vy chng ta hon thnh vic to ra ng bin cho v d ny,
by gi chng ta tin hnh to li.
4.7.1.2. To li
Chng ta tin hnh cc bc to phn t hu hn li. Trong chng
trnh PHASE2, li c to ra bng 2 bc n gin. Th nht, bn phi ri
rc ha ng bin v dau li s c to ra. Bn cng c th nh
dng cc thng s to li trc khi tin hnh to li. Tuy nhin, trong v d
ny, chng ta s dng cc thng s mc nh, v chng ta s tin
hnh bc ri rc ha.
Chn: Mesh Discretize trn thanh cng c tr gip pha trn mn
hnh
ng bin s c ri rc ha v trn thanh trng thi s hin ln s phn
t ri rc ha cho mi loi n g bin.
Discretizations: Excavation=83, External=66
Tin hnh to phn t hu hn li bng cch chn la chn Mesh trong
trnh n Mesh.
Chn: Mesh Mesh
Phn t hu hn li s c to ra v trn thanh trng thi s ch ra
tng s phn t v s nt trong li:
ELEMENTS=1675 NODE=912
4.7.1.3. iu kin bin
Trong phn hng dn ny, ngi s dng khng cn thay i cc
iu kin bin. Cc iu kin bin mc nh s c s dng (v d,
chuyn v bng khng).
4.7.1.4. Trng ng sut
Trong phn hng dn ny, chng ta s dng trng ng sut hng
s.

Hnh 4.73. Hp thoi xc nh cc c tnh ca trng ng sut

Trong hp thoi Field Stress, nhp Sigma1 = 12 MPa, Sigma3 = 8,
SigmaZ = 10 v nhp Angle = -35.
Ch , khi ng sut by gi s biu din mi quan h gia ln
v hng trong mt phng ng sut chnh m bn va nhp. Gc m
bn nhp c tnh theo chiu kim ng h t trc nm ngang.
4.7.1.5. Cc c tnh
Trong phn tch u tin chng ta s nh ngha khi l n
hi.
Chn: Properties Define Material
Hnh 4.74. c tnh ca t
Vi tab u tin (mc nh) chn hp thoi Define Material

Properties, nhp cc c tnh nh hnh v trn.
Chng ta nh ngha cc c tnh vt liu tab th nht (mc
nh), nhng khng th gn chng cho m hnh. Chng trnh PHASE2
t ng gn cc c tnh mc nh cho tt c cc phn t hu hn
ca khi .

Nu chng ta khng thc hin gn cc c tnh, chng ta kt thc
phn m hnh ha v c th chy chng trnh phn tch. M hnh
ca bn s xut hin nh di y:
Hnh 4.75. M hnh - Hng dn gia c (bc 1)

4.7.2. Tnh ton
Trc khi bn phn tch m hnh, ghi n li file c tn support1.fea.
Chn: File Save
Bn s thy ca s hp thoi Save As, ghi file li. By gi bn sn
sng chy chng trnh phn tch.
Chn: File Compute
Chng trnh PHASE2 COMPUTE s tin hnh chy chng trnh phn
tch. khi hon thnh, bn s xem kt qu trong INTERPRET.
Bt u chy chng trnh PHASE2 INTERPRET:
Chn: File Interpret
Trc tin hy xem ng dng mc h s bn.
H s bn biu din t s gia bn ca khi v ng sut
gy ra ti mt im. Bn phi ch ngay vng ng sut ln xung
quanh ng hm. Tt c khi c biu din bng ng ng mc
k hiu l 1, c h s bn (trn c s kt qu phn tch n hi)
nh hn 1 v s sp nu khng gia c. (Ch , bn phi thay i
s khong ng ng mc ln 7 trong hp thoi Contour Options
thu c hnh v nh sau).

Hnh 4.76. ng ng mc h s bn, sau khi phn tch n hi
Nu bn thm cc nhn ghi ng ng mc, xa chng i bng

cch chn: Tools Delete All Drawings.
By gi hy xem chuyn v:
Chuyn v ln nht s hin ra trn thanh trng thi:
Maximum Total Displacement = 0.03727m
Phng to v bt nt vc t chuyn v.
Trong hp thoi Display Options, bt nt Deformation Vectors, nhp
h s t l Scale Factor = 10 v chn Done.
Chuyn v n hi c th hin bng chuyn v vo trong bin -
ng hm. Ch chng ta xc nh vng ng sut ln (vt ng sut)
trong phn tch n hi, chng ta s chuyn sang phn tch do.

Hnh 4.77. ng ng mc chuyn v v vc t chuyn v xung

quanh ng hm (phn tch n hi)
Ch v hnh v trong hng dn gia c

Nhng ng ng mc trong phn hng dn gia c s dng 7
khong ng mc trong hp thoi Contour Options. C th t c
iu ny bng cch s dng la chn kiu Black to White hoc
Auto-Format hoc s dng kiu nh dng do ngi s dng to ra v
t s khong l 7. La chn Contour Options c trong trnh n
View v cng c trong trnh n nhp chut phi.
Cc nhn ghi ca ng ng mc c th c thm vo bng cc s
dng la chn Label Contour v cng c th xo chng i bng cch
chn Delete Drawings hoc Delete All Drawings trong trnh n
Tools. Nn xo nhng nhn ghi ca ng ng mc khi thay i kiu
d liu (v d thay i t h s bn sang chuyn v).
4.7.4. To m hnh
T INTERPRET quay tr li chng trnh PHASE2 MODEL:
Chn: File Model
By gi chng ta nh ngha khi l vt liu do v chy li chng
trnh phn tch.
Chn: Properties Define Materials

Hnh 4.78. c tnh t
Chn loi vt liu l do v nhp cc h s d m v s c gi tr bng

cc h s ln nht ca m v s. Nh vy chng ta nh ngha vt
liu l n hi - do. Chn OK.
Ghi file li v chy li chng trnh phn tch.
4.7.5. Tnh ton
Trc khi bn phn tch m hnh, hy ghi li file ny di dng tn file
support2.fea. (chc chn rng bn chn Save As ch khng phi l
Save, hoc bn s ghi ln file support1.fea).
Chn: File Save As
Chn File Compute
Chng trnh PHASE2 COMPUTE s tin hnh tnh ton. Khi kt thc,
bn chun b xem kt qu trong INTERPRET.
Chn: File Interpret
Hy xem ng ng mc h s bn.

Ch , nhiu vng c h s bn bng 2 v khng c vng no c h
s bn nh hn 1. By gi vt liu bn chn l vt liu do nn h
s bn khng th nh hn 1, khi xut hin ph hu, h s bn
bng 1.
xem vng ph hu trong m hnh vt liu do, bt hin th
phn t ph hu ln bng cch chn nt Yielded Elements trong
thanh cng c Display. S phn t ph hu s hin ln trn thanh trng
thi.
629 Yielded finite elements
Phng to vng ph hu v quan st chng (X = ph hu ct, O =
ph hu ko) xung quanh ng hm. Ch , vng ph hu l vng tng
ng vi h s bn < 1 trong kt qu phn tch n hi.
Hnh 4.79. ng ng mc h s bn v phn t ph hu trong

phn tch do ca ng hm khng gia c.
Tt hin th phn t ph hu bng cch chn li nt Yielded
Elements trong thanh cng c Display.
Xem chuyn v do.
Ch , chuyn v ln nht c ch ra trn thanh trng thi.
Gi tr chuyn v ny gn bng 3 ln gi tr chuyn v ln nht trong
phn tch n hi. Bt nt vc t chuyn v ln.

Trong hp thoi Display Options, bt Deformation Vectors, nhp
Scale Factor = 10 v chn Done.
Bn s thy hnh v nh di y. Khi chng ta s dng cng h s t l
cho vec t chuyn v, chng ta c th so snh bng mt thng.

Hnh 4.80. ng ng mc chuyn v v vc t chuyn v xung

quanh ng hm (phn tch do)
T nhng vec t chuyn v c th nhn thy chuyn v ln nht
l 0,1048 m xut hin di nn ca ng hm.
Bn kt thc bc th nht trong Hng dn gia c. Tip tc bc 2.
4.8. Hng dn gia c - Bc 2
Hnh 4.81. S thit lp gia c bc 2

Trong bc th nht ca hng dn gia c, chng ta phn tch m
hnh trn trong trng hp khng c gia c, s dng c cc thng s
vt liu l n hi v do. By gi chng ta tin hnh phn tch m
hnh trn trong trng hp:
1. Lp t neo
2. Lp t neo v b tng phun
3. Lp t neo v b tng phun kt hp vi phn b ti trng.
Nu bn mun b qua cc bc to m hnh, c th tm thy file m
hnh c tn tut3b.fea trong th mc examples trong th mc ci
t chng trnh.
4.8.1. To m hnh
Nu bn thc hin theo cc hng dn trong bc 1 th hy tip
tc. Cn nu bn thot khi chng trnh sau khi thc hin bc 1 v
by gi mun tip tc, hy bt u chng trnh PHASE2 MODEL v
m file support2.fea m bn to ra trong bc 1.
Chn: File Open
M file support2.fea.
4.8.1.1. Lp t neo
Chng ta s lp t neo di 5m vi mng neo l 1x1m trong m
hnh. Trc khi lp neo hy phng to ng hm, do chng ta c th
chn chnh xc im bt u v im kt thc ca mng neo.
Chn: Support Add Pattern Bolt
Hnh 4.82. Hp thoi thit k mng neo
Khi bn nhp thng s ca mng neo, bn s thy du nhc nh sau:

Select drilling point [esc=quit]: 100 100
y l im m t mng neo c hnh thnh. S dng bn
phm nhp chnh xc im (100, 100) nh trong du nhc trn.
Tip theo, bn phi nhp im bt u v im kt thc ca
mng neo. V khi ca chng ta c cht lng km v ph hu m

rng ton b xung quanh ng hm, do chng ta s neo ton b
chu vi ng hm, bao gm c phn nn. neo ton b chu vi ng
hm, chn nhng im ging nhau trn chu vi ng hm cho c
im bt u v kt thc. V d, chn im trn cng gia nn.
Select boundary node to start bolt pattern [esc=quit]: s
dng con tr chn im c v tr ti 100.0, 102.3
Select boundary node to end bolt pattern [esc=quit]: nhp
chut nn ng im va chn ln na
Mng neo s c lp t sau khi nhp to im th 2 vo v trn
thanh trng thi s cho bn bit c bao nhiu thanh neo c lp
t.
Number of bolts installed = 16
S dng chc nng Zoom All xem ton b hnh v.
Ch : ch c nhng im trn bin ca ng hm c th chn l
im bt u v im kt thc ca mng neo. Nu bn th chn
nhng im khc trn bin (v d nhng im k hiu du + mu
) th s khng c g xy ra tr khi nhng im ny trng vi nhng
im trn.
4.8.1.2. c tnh ca neo
Cc c tnh ca neo chng ta nhp vo tng ng vi neo dnh
kt, cht thp khng ko v kh nng mang ti ln nht l 20T (0,2
MN).
Chn: Properties Define Bolts
Hnh 4.83. Hp thoi nh ngha kt cu chng neo
Nhp cc c tnh ca neo trong tab th nht ca giao din.

Khi bn nhp cc c tnh ca neo trong tab th nht (default), bn
khng phi gn cc c tnh ny cho neo - PHASE 2 s t ng gn cc
c tnh ny gip bn. By gi ghi file li v chy chng trnh phn
tch.
Trc khi phn tch m hnh, hy ghi file li di tn gi support3.fea.
Chn: File Save As
Ghi file li di tn gi support3.fea
4.8.2. Tnh ton
Chn: File Compute
tch. Khi kt thc, bn c th xem kt qu trong chng trnh
INTERPRET.
4.8.3. Biu din kt qu trong INTERPRET
Chn: File Interpret
Hy xem nh hng ca neo ln ng ng mc h s bn.
Nhng min c ng ng mc h s bn = 2 gim i so vi
hnh 3-4.
Bt hin th phn t ph hu bng cch chn nt Yielded Elements
trong thanh cng c Display. S phn t ph hu s hin ra trn thanh
trng thi.
586 Yielded finite elements
Vng ph hu da trn c s v tr ca cc phn t ph hu, v khng
khc nhiu so vi vng ph hu khng gia c nh trn hnh 4-4. Tuy
nhin, s phn t ph hu gim t 629 (khng gia c) xung 586 (c
gia c).

Hnh 4.84. ng ng mc h s bn v im ph hu ca ng
hm vi mng neo c gia c.
Hy kim tra kh nng ph hu neo. Chn nt Yielded Bolts trn
thanh cng c Display. S phn t neo c kh nng b ph hu s c
lm ni bng mu , v s lng phn t s hin ln trn thanh trng
thi.
234 Yielded bolt elements
Nh vy gn nh tt c neo c kh nng b ph hu. Ch rng cc
phn t neo c nh ngha bng giao im ca cc neo vi cc
phn t hu hn trong m hnh. (Cc phn t neo c th c hin th
bng cch chn trong hp thoi Display Options).
Trong phn nh ngha cc c tnh ca neo, chng ta nhp kh
nng mang ti d ca neo bng kh nng mang ti ln nht ca neo. Do
, thm ch neo c th t c n ti trng ph hu nhng chng
vn cn d tr nng lng gia c.
Cui cng hy xem nh hng ca neo n chuyn v.
Chuyn v ln nht s c ch ra trn thanh trng thi nh sau:
So snh vi trng hp ng hm khng c gia c, chuyn v c gim
nhng khng nhiu. (Chuyn v ln nht trong trng hp khng gia c =
0.1048m). Chng ta s thm v b tng phun gia c cho ng hm.
4.8.4. M hnh
Chn: File Model
M file tut3b.fea trong th mc ci t ca chng trnh PHASE2.
4.8.4.1. Lp t v chng
Chng ta s s dng b tng phun lm v chng cho ng hm. Trc
tin hy phng to ng hm chng ta c th quan st r hn.
Chn: Support Add Liner
Select segment (s) to add liner [enter=done, esc=quit]:
Thc hin theo cc bc sau thm v chng b tng phun:
1. Nhp v gi chut tri, di chuyn ca s chn sao cho trng vi
ton b bin ng hm. Nh nt chut tri ra. Ch , ton b cc
on thng ca bin ng hm c chn.
2. Nhp phi chut v chn Done Selection hoc nhn phm Enter.
Ton b ng hm s c chn v c biu din bng cc on
thng m mu xanh.
4.8.4.2. c tnh ca v chng
By gi chng ta nh ngha cc c tnh ca v chng. Cc thng
s chng ta nhp vo s tng ng l lp b tng phun si thp dy
200mm.

Chn: Properties Define Liners
Khi bn nhp cc c tnh ca v chng vo tab th nht (default),
bn khng th gn cc thng s ny cho v chng - PHASE 2 s t ng
gn cc c tnh ny gip bn.
Hy ghi file li v chy chng trnh phn tch.
Hnh 4.85. Hp thoi nh ngha kt cu chng neo

4.8.5. Tnh ton
Trc khi bn tin hnh phn tch m hnh, hy ghi file ny li di tn mi
l support4.fea.
Chn: File Save As
ghi li file support4.fea.
Chn: File Compute
tch. Khi hon thnh, bn c th xem kt qu trong INTERPRET.
Chn: File Interpret
Hy xem v chng b tng phun c nh hng nh th no n h s
bn ph hu.
Nhng min c ng ng mc h s bn = 2 by gi gim. So
snh trc tip 3 hnh v ny trn cng 1 ca s nh sau:
1. Nu bn thc hin theo cc bc hng dn trong phn trc, bn s c
4 file c m trong chng trnh INTERPRET - support1, support2,
support3 v support4. Trong trng hp ny, hy ng file support1
li v ch m 3 file cn li.

2. Nu ng cc file ri th hy m li cc file support2 v
support3.
3. Thm tiu cho 3 ca s (s dng nt Tile Vertically trong
thanh cng c Standard).
4. Hin th h s bn trong mi ca s ang xem
5. Chn Zoom Excavation cho mi ca s ang xem
6. Chn Zoom Out khong 5-6 ln cho mi ca s ang xem
7. Hin th cc phn t ph hu cho mi ca s
8. Nu cc ch dn ang hin th, tt chng i mi ca s
9. Mn hnh cu bn s xut hin nh hnh v di y.
Hnh 4.86. ng ng mc h s bn v phn t ph hu ca cc

file support2, support3 v support4.
Ch : Nu 3 ca s khng hin ra nh trn hnh v, hy bm chut lin
tip vo cc ca s support4, support3 v support2 v nhp li tiu
cho mi ca s.
Quan st nh hng ca kt cu gia c n ng ng mc h s
bn v vng cc phn t ph hu. C th thy rng nu ch gia c
bng neo th kt cu gia c khng nh hng nhiu nhng nu thm v
chng b tng phun cng vi neo s thy r tc dng lm gim ph hu
xung quanh ng hm.
S phn t ph hu cho mi m hnh c tm tt nh di y (s
phn t ph hu cho mi m hnh c hin th thanh trng thi).
Tn File S phn t ph hu
Support1 (elastic analysis) 0
Support2 (Plastic, no 629
support)
Support3 (Bolts only) 586

Support4 (Bolts + Shotcrete) 391
By gi m rng ca s file Support4 chng ta c th xem -
c ton b trn mn hnh.
Tt hin th s phn t ph hu bng cch chn nt Yielded
Elements trn thanh cng c Display.
Kim tra cc thanh neo b ph hu bng cch chn nt Yielded
Bolts trn thanh cng c Display. C th thy phn ln cc thanh neo
u b ph hu nh th hin trn mt ct neo c t mu . Trn
thanh trng thi cho bit tng s phn t neo b ph hu:
207 Yielded bolt elements
Nh vy s phn t neo b ph hu gim t 234 xung cn 207.
Tt hin th s phn t neo b ph hu bng cch chn nt Yielded
Bolts trn thanh cng c Display.
Chng ta c th thy v chng ph hu c cng dng vi cc neo b
ph hu c hin th. Chn nt Yielded Liners trn thanh cng c
Display. Trn thanh trng thi s hin ra nh sau:
34 Yielded liner elements
Phng to ca s bn c th xem c phn t v chng b ph hu.
Cc phn t ph hu s hin ln bng mu , tp trung pha
trn bn phi, pha di bn tri v phn nn ca ng hm. Tt hin
th cc phn t v chng b ph hu bng cch chn nt Yielded Liners
trn thanh cng c Display.
Cui cng hy xem chuyn v sau khi thm v chng.
Chuyn v ln nht s c hin ra trn thanh trng thi nh sau:
Nh vy khi chng ta kt hp v chng b tng phun v v neo
lm gim chuyn v ln nht gn mt na so vi trng hp khng c v
chng (0.1048m). Bt vec t chuyn v ln.
Trong hp thoi Display Options, bt Deformation Vectors ln v
nhp Scale Factor = 10 sau chn Done.
Nh chng ta thy trn cc ng ng mc ca vec t chuyn v,
chuyn v ln nht vn xut hin phn nn ca ng hm. iu ny
c ngha l nn b tng dy ln phn nn.
Nh vy chng ta bit cch hin th cc ng ng mc
chuyn v v cc vc t chuyn v cho cc file Support2, Support3 v
Support4 nh hnh v di y.

Hnh 4.87. ng ng mc chuyn v v vec t chuyn v ca cc

file Support2, Support3 v Support4.
Ch :
1. Tiu ca cc ca s phi c nhp trc khi xem cc ng
ng mc h s bn.
2. Khi hin th vec t chuyn v cho mi ca s, s dng h s t
l l 10.
3. Trong hp thoi Contour Options, thay i kiu Format sang
Custom, Contour Range t 0 sang 0.12 v Numb Intervals = 6
cho mi ca s.
Chng ta chuyn sang kho st mt chc nng khc ca chng trnh
PHASE2 l chia ti trng.
4.9. M hnh
Chng ta m file support4 trong ca s MODEL.
Chn: File Model
4.9.1. Chia ti trng
Bc th 2 trong phn tch mc trc (ch gia c bng neo, kt hp
neo v b tng phun) chng ta gi thit l kt cu gia c c lp t
ngay lp tc sau khi o ng hm, do cha c chuyn v xut
hin trc khi lp t kt cu gia c. Tt nhin iu ny l khng
ng, trong thc t lun c bin dng trc khi kt cu gia c c lp
t. Chng trnh PHASE2 c mt chc nng gi l chia ti trng cho
php ti trng c chia ra gia 2 giai on ca m hnh. iu ny

c ngha l s c bin dng trong giai on th nht (cha c kt cu
gia c), sau kt cu gia c c lp t giai on 2.
Bd th nht chng ta t s giai on trong hp thoi Job Control l
2.
Chn: File Job Control

Hnh 4.88. Hp thoi Program Control Parameters
Chn OK. Bn s thy hp thoi cnh bo kt cu gia c v li s -

c xc lp li. Chn Yes trong c 2 hp thoi.
V chng ta thay i s giai on ca m hnh nn c li v v
kt cu gia c s c xc lp li. Bn phi nhp li cc thng s ca
chng nh hng dn di y.
4.9.2. To li li
Chn: Mesh Mesh
So snh vi m hnh 1 giai on chng ta thy c s khc bit l
bn trong ng hm by gi cng c to li. Trn thanh trng thi cho
bit s phn t v s nt nhiu hn.
ELEMENTS=2080 NODES=1074
Khi m hnh c nhiu hn 1 giai on, PHASE 2 s to li cho tt c
bn trong ng bin m rng, bao gm c ng hm. Nhng phn t
bn trong ng hm s c o trong giai on sau.
4.9.3. Tnh gia c li
Nhp li mng neo v v b tng phun theo cch ging nh m t
cc mc trc. Tuy nhin, trc khi thc hin hy chn Stage 2 tab, do
kt cu gia c s c lp t giai on 2.
Khi chn Stage 1 tab, neo v b tng phun s xut hin bng mu
xanh nht, c ngha l chng cha c lp t. Chn Stage 2 tab, neo
v b tng phun s xut hin bng mu xanh m c ngha l chng
c lp t.
4.9.4. Trng ng sut
Ti y chng ta s nhp cc thng tin chia ti trng

Hnh 4.89. Hp thoi nh ngha trng ng sut
Chn Load Split checkbox v nhp t l chia ti trng 30/70.

T l chia ti trng 30/70 c ngha l c 30% ti trng lm bin dng
ng hm trc khi kt cu gia c c lp t.
4.9.5. Cc tnh cht t
ng hm vn cha c thi cng. By gi chng ta s thi cng ng
hm v kt thc phn to m hnh.
Chn: Properties Assign Properties
Thc hin theo cc bc sau:
1. Chn Stage 1 tab ( bn tri pha di ca ca s )
2. Chn Materials tab trong hp thoi Assign
3. Chn nt Excavate trong hp thoi Assign
4. Nhp chut tri vo pha bn trong ng hm. Cc phn t bn
trong ng hm s bin mt c ngha l ng hm c thi
cng.
ng hp thoi Assign li bng cch chn du X gc trn cng bn phi
ca hp thoi. Ghi file li v chun b chy chng trnh phn tch.
4.9.6. Tnh ton
Chn: File Compute
Chng trnh PHASE2 COMPUTE s tin hnh chy phn tch. Khi kt
thc c th xem kt qu trong chng trnh INTERPRET.
Chn: File Interpret
Chng ta s thy nh hng ca vic chia ti trng n kt qu phn
tch. Chn Stage 2 tab xem kt qu giai on cui cng sau khi
lp t kt cu gia c. Trc tin hy xem h s bn:
Chn: Data Stength Factor

Bt hin th phn t ph hu bng cch chn nt Yield Elements trn
thanh cng c Display. S phn t ph hu l:
460 Yield finite elements
So snh vi s phn t ph hu trc khi chia ti trng l 391 phn t.
Tt hin th ny bng cch chn li nt Yield Elements trn thanh
cng c Display.
Mt iu cn ch na l giai on ph hu ca neo. Chn nt Yield
Bolts trn thanh cng c Display. Trn thanh trng thi hin ra:
177 Yield bolt elements
S phn t neo ph hu gim t 207 (trc khi chia ti trng) xung
cn 177 (sau khi chia ti trng). y l kt qu ban u ng ch
trong phn tch chia ti trng.
Tt hin th ph hu neo bng cch chn li nt Yield Bolts trn
thanh cng c Display.
Kim tra chuyn v.
Chuyn v ln nht c ch ra trn thanh trng thi:
Chuyn v ny khng khc nhiu so vi chuyn v ln nht trong trng
hp khng chia ti trng l 0.0562m.
Tm li, trong v d ny chng ta thy c nh hng ban u ca vic
chia ti trng l lm gim i phn t neo ph hu v pht trin k
nng m hnh cc kt cu gia c.
Chn Stage 1 tab kim tra chuyn v giai on 1.
Chuyn v ln nht c hin ra trn thanh trng thi:
Maximum Total Displacement = 0.0149m
So snh gi tr chuyn v ln nht ny vi chuyn v ln nht sau giai
on 2 (chia ti trng) l 0.0568m. Nu ch da trn nhng con s
, t l ca chuyn v l: 0.0149/0.0568 = 26%. iu ny cng t-
ng ng vi t l chia ti trng 30/70.

Ti liu tham kho
1. Nguyn Vn Mnh, Bi ging Tin hc ng dng trong xy dng cng

trnh ngm v m, H Ni - 2007.
2. Nguyn Vn Mnh., Nguyn Quang Phch. (2005), Phn tch n
nh ca ng hm cc giai on thi cng khc nhau bng phng
php s. Tp ch Khoa hc k thut M - a cht, s 12, thng
10/2005.
3. Nguyn Vn Mnh., Trn Tun Minh., Nguyn ng Hng. (2006), Ch-
ng trnh PHASE2 v kh nng ng dng trong tnh ton n nh
cng trnh ngm. Thng tin Khoa hc cng ngh m. S 2+3, thng
3/2006.
4. Nguyn Quang Phch., Nguyn Vn Mnh., Phm Huy Quang. (2006),
Vn xc nh p lc v tnh ton kt cu chng trong m hm l.
Hi ngh Khoa hc k thut m ton quc ln th 17. Nng thng
8/2006.
5. Nguyn Vn Mnh., Nguyn Quang Phch. (2006), Nghin cu trng
thi ng sut v bin dng ca t xung quanh cng trnh ngm
chu ti trng ng. Tp ch Khoa hc k thut M - a cht. S 16,
thng 10/2006.
6. Nguyn Vn Mnh. (2006), Phn tch n nh gng hm thi cng
bng TBM. Hi ngh Khoa hc ln th 17. Trng i hc M - a cht.
H Ni 20/10/2006.
7. Nguyn Vn Mnh., Nguyn Quang Phch. (2006), S dng phng
php s phn tch n nh b dc. Hi ngh Khoa hc ln th 17. Tr-
ng i hc M - a cht. H Ni 20/10/2006.
7. Nguyn Vn Mnh., Nguyn Quang Phch. (2006), Phn tch n
nh ca cc ng l xy dng c bn trong khi phn lp. Hi
ngh Khoa hc C hc ton quc ln th 5. H Ni thng 11/2006.

Bai+giang+tin+ung+dung

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bai+giang+tin+ung+dung

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bi ging - Tin hc ng dng

4.1. Khi qut chung v chng trnh Phase2

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 102

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 103

Hnh 4.2. M hnh vi Phase 2

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 105

Hnh 4.3. S so snh gia kt qu r v cho ng trn xi lanh trong

Hnh 4.4. S so snh cho gi ch dch chuyn hng tm ur cho ng

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 106

Hnh 4.5. S phn b ng sut 1 Hnh 4.6. Phn b ng

Hnh 4.7. S phn b dch

Bi ton ng trn trong mi trng Mohr - Coulomb

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 107

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 108

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 109

Hnh 4.8. M hnh Phase 2 cho phn tch ca mt l trn trong mi

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 110

Hnh 4.9. So snh r v cho trng hp khng c bin dng chy =

Hnh 4.10. S so snh ur trong trng hp = 00

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 111

Hnh 4.11. S so snh gia M v 3 khi = 300

Hnh 4.12. S so snh gi tr bin dng hng tm ur

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 112

Hnh 4.13. Phn b ng sut chnh 1 Hnh 4.14. Phn b ng

Hnh 4.15. Phn b chuyn v ton b Hnh 4.16. Vng

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 113

Hnh 4.17. ng hm dng trn c v chng trong mi trng n hi

V yy0 - trng ng sut thng ng v cng

M hnh phn tch bng Phase 2

Hnh 4.18. M hnh vi Phase 2

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 115

Hnh 4.19. So snh kt qu ca gi tr lc dc N vi ng hm trn c

Hnh 4.20. So snh kt qu ca gi tr m men un M vi ng hm

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 116

Hnh 4.21. Phn b ng sut chnh 1 Hnh 4.22. Phn b

Hnh 4.23. Phn b chuyn v dch chuyn trong mi trng

Bi ton ng hm trn c v chng trong mi trng do

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 118

Hnh 4.25. M hnh Phase 2 phn tch mt ng hm trn c v

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 119

+ Hoc nhn p chut vo biu tng bn ngoi desktop s thy

Hnh 4.26. Giao din ca Phase 2

Hnh 4.27. Cc thanh mnu v cc thanh tr gip tin ch trong

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 120

+ Hoc nhn chut vo biu tng ci t d n trn thanh cng

Hnh 4.28. Hp thoi ci t d n

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 121

Hnh 4.28. Th tc to mt ct ngang ng hm trong Phase 2

Hnh 4.29. Mt ct ngang ng hm nhp bng Phase 2

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 122

Hnh 4.30. Th tc thit lp vng nghin cu

Hnh 4.31. Hp thoi xc nh vng nghin cu

Hnh 4.32. Kt qu vng nghin cu cho bi ton

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 123

Hnh 4.33. Th tc ci t li cho m hnh t mnu Mesh

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 124

Hnh 4.34. Hp thoi ci t li cho m hnh

Trong hp thoi ny chng ta cn thit phi la chn kiu li (mesh

Hnh 4.35. Th tc ri rc bin hm v bin m hnh

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 125

Hnh 4.36. Kt qu li m hnh phn tch

Hnh 4.37. Th tc v kt qu ct to ng hm trong bc 1

Trn Tun Minh - B mn XDCTN & M 126