CompTest2006

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Progressive Damage Modeling In Fiber-Reinforced

Materials

Ireneusz Lapczyk, Juan Hurtado

Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.

Copyright 2005 ABAQUS, Inc.
 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 2

Outline

Overview of Damage Model for Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Example

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 3

Damage Model for Fiber-Reinforced Materials: Overview

The damage in the material is anisotropic

Four different failure modes are taken into account: fiber tension, fiber
compression, matrix tension, matrix compression

The behavior of the undamaged material is linearly elastic

The model must be used with elements with a plane stress formulation (plane
stress, shell, continuum shell, and membrane elements)

Post-localization response is regularized (Crack Band Model)

The model can be used in conjunction with a viscous regularization scheme to

improve the convergence rate in the softening regime

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 4

Damage Initiation (Hashins criteria)

MODE I: fiber tension MODE III: matrix tension

2 2

2

2
12
f I = 11T + 12L , where 0 1 (1) f III = 22T
+ L (3)
X S Y S

MODE II: fiber compression MODE IV: matrix compression

22 Y C
2 2 2 2
11 (2) (4)
f II = C f IV = T + T 1 22 C
+ 12L
X 2 S 2 S Y S

S L , S T , X T , X C ,Y T ,Y C material strengths

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 5

Damaged Material Response (Matzenmiller, Lubliner, Taylor)

Effective Stress

= M (1)

M damage operator

1
1 d 0 0
f

1
M= 0 0 (2)
1 dm
1
0 0
1 d s

d f , d m , d s damage variables

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 6

Damaged Material Response, cont.

Damaged Compliance Matrix:

1 21
(1 d )E 0
E2
f 1

1
H = 12 0
(1)
E1 (1 d m )E 2
1
0 0
(1 d s )G

E1 , E 2 , G s undamaged moduli

12 , 21 Poisson' s ratios

Damaged Elasticity Matrix:

(1 d f )E1 (1 d )(1 d )
f m E
21 1 0
1
C = (1 d f )(1 dm )12E2 (1 dm )E2 0

(2)
D
0 0 D(1 ds )G

where D = 1 (1 d f )(1 d m ) 12 21 > 0

d s = 1 (1 d ft )(1 d fc )(1 d mt )(1 d mc )

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 7

Damaged Material Response, cont.

Gibbs Free Energy:

1 11 22 2
2 2 2
11 + 1 22 12 11 22 + 12
2
(1)
G= + +
2 E1 1 d ft 1 d fc 2E2 1 d mt 1 d mc E1 G (1 d s )

( + )
where is Macauley bracket operator, defined for every as =
2

Energy Dissipation:

number mod es (2)

D = i =1
Yi di 0

G
where Yi = are thermodyna mic forces
d i

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 8

Damage Evolution

The modeling approach is a generalization of that used to model cohesive

elements, which is based on the work of C. Davila and P. Camanho
The evolution law is based on the energy dissipated during the process
Linear material softening is assumed

equivalent
stress

eqf ( eq eq0 )
A

B
d = (1)
c
eq ( eqf eq0 )
G

C
0
eq
o
eq
f equivalent displacement

Figure 1.
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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 9

Equivalent Displacements and Stresses

2 11 11 + 12 12
Fiber Tensile Mode eqft = 11 + 122 eqft =
eqft
11 11
Fiber Compressive Mode eqfc = 11 eqct =
eqfc
22 22 + 1212
Matrix Tensile Mode eqmt = 22
2
+ 122 eqmt =
eqmt

2 22 22 + 1212
Matrix Compressive Mode mc
= 22 + 2
eqmc =
eq 12
eqmc

where ij = Lc ij

and Lc is the characteristic length

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 10

Damage Evolution: Procedure

Evaluate the initiation criterion, fI

Compute equivalent displacement and stress, eq , eq
Compute equivalent displacement and stress at the onset of damage

eq eq
0 =
eq
and eq0 =
fI fI

Store eq0 and eq0

Compute equivalent displacement at full damage

2G If
eqf =
eq0
Update the damage variable

d I = max d I ,OLD ,
f
eq (eq 0
eq )


(
eq eqf eq0 )
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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 11

Mesh Dependence

Example: uniaxial tension

Figure 1. Bar subjected to axial load Figure 2. Localization of deformation

the energy dissipated is specified per unit volume

the results are mesh dependent
deformation localizes into one layer of elements

Figure 3. Force-displacement for different discretizations

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 12

Mesh Dependency, cont.

The energy dissipated is regularized using Crack Band Model (Bazant and Oh)
The energy dissipated, Gf, is expressed per unit area instead of per unit volume
Characteristic length, Lc, is introduced, computed as

Lc = AI, where AI is the area at an integration point

The post-localization stress-displacement response is computed correctly

Figure 1.

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 13

Viscous Regularization

Generalization of the Duvaut-Lions regularization model

1
dft = (
d ft d ft
ft
) d fc =
1
(
d fc d fc )
fc (1a-b)

dmt =
1
(
d mt d mt
mt
) dmc =
1
(
d mc d mc ) (2a-b)
mc

ft, fc, mt, mc - are viscosities

d ft , d fc , d mt , d mc - are used to compute damaged stiffness matrix

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 14

Viscous Regularization, cont.

Updating Regularized Damage Variables

t I (1)
d Iv = d + d Iv , where I denotes a damage mode
t 0 + t I + t I t0 + t
I + t t0

Jacobian

= Cd + I
C d d I t

d I I + t
v (2)

d Iv t
=
d I I + t

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 15

Viscous Regularization, cont.

Damage Energy

(C d ) t + (C d ) t
0 + t
E D = 0
+
2 t 0 + t t0
(1)

free energy

Viscous Energy Dissipation

(C d ) t + (C d ) t
0 + t
(C )
0
d t0
( )
+ C d0
t 0 + t (2)
EV = 0

2 2

C d0 = C d0 (d I )

C d = C d d Iv ( )
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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 16

Output

Initiation Criteria Variables

HSNFTCRT tensile fiber Hashins criterion
HSNFCCRT compressive fiber Hashins criterion
HSNMTCRT tensile matrix Hashins criterion
HSNMCCRT compressive matrix Hashins criterion
Damage Variables
DAMAGEFT tensile fiber damage
DAMAGEFC compressive fiber damage
DAMAGEMT tensile matrix damage
DAMAGEMC compressive matrix damage
DAMAGESHR - shear damage
Status
STATUS element status (1 present, 0 removed)
Energies
Damage energy (ALLDMD,DMENER,ELDMD,EDMDDEN)
Viscous regularization (ALLCD, CENER, ELCD, ECDDEN)

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 17

Example: Failure of Blunt Notched Fiber Metal Laminates

Plate Geometry

1/8 part model

50 mm
x
z d = 4.8 mm

1.406 mm
300 mm

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 18

Example: Failure of Blunt Notched Fiber Metal Laminates

Through-thickness view of the laminate

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 19

Example: Results

3 1

Figure 1. Fiber damage pattern

Figure 2. Load-displacement curve

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 20

Example: Results

Figure 1. Matrix tension damage pattern Figure 2. Matrix compression damage pattern

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 21

Example: Energy dissipation

Figure 1. Figure 2.

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 Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials 22

Example: Results

Blunt Notch Strength (MPa) for Different Viscosities

Numerical Results (SC8R, 0 angle) Experimental Results

(De Vries, 2001)
f=0.001 f=0.0005 f=0.00025
466.6 461.3 454.2 446

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