Conclusion:

Hence electronic circuits can be designed for the fire based alarms
and they provide very high efficiency and can be used for the security
reasons. Early fire detection is best achieved by the installation and
maintenance of fire detection equipment in all rooms and areas of the
house or building. The various circuits described in the paper can be
used.
 Types of Fire Alarm Signals :

1 TROUBLE:
Local sounding (beeping) on FACP and Annunciators.
No horn/strobes sounding or flashing.
Low battery, smoke detector removed, ground fault, open horn circuit, etc.
Alarm Tech responds .

2 SUPERVISORY:
Local sounding (beeping) on FACP and Annunciators .
No horn/strobes sounding or flashing.
Sprinkler valve closed, duct detector activated*, low-air on pre-action system .
Fire Department responds .

3 ALARM:
All horn/strobes sounding and flashing .
Building occupants to evacuate.
Smoke detector, manual pull, waterflow , duct detector, or heat detector
activated .
Fire Department responds.
Fire Alarm System Types:

1 Conventional:

Lower initial equipment costs.

Defined location of fire/alarm not provided at the panel or central station
Can be easier to program.
Limited expansion capability.

2 Addressable:
Easier to install.
More system status information at the panel and central station.
Input /Output programming much more flexible .
Usually much more room available to expand.
Fig 3: Automatic Detectors
 Several main functions:

Provide a means to identify a developing fire through automatic

methods.

They alert building occupants to a fire condition and the need to evacuate.

Another common function is the transmission of an alarm notification signal to

the fire department or other emergency response organization.

Fire alarm systems may also shut down electrical, air handling equipment or
special process operations, and they may be used to initiate automatic
suppression systems.
Fire Alarm System Principles:

Manual fire detection is the oldest method of detection. In the

simplest form, a person yelling can provide fire warning. In buildings,
however, a person's voice may not always transmit throughout the
structure. For this reason, manual alarm stations are installed. The
general design philosophy is to place stations within reach along paths
of escape/egress. It is for this reason that they can usually be found
near exit doors.

The advantage of manual alarm stations is that, upon discovering the

fire, they provide occupants with a readily identifiable means to
activate the building fire alarm system. The alarm system can then
serve in lieu of the shouting person's voice. They are simple devices,
and can be highly reliable.
Requirements for Proper use of Fire Alarm Systems:

For residential applications, smoke detectors should be installed outside of each

separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of the bedrooms and on each
additional story of the family living unit, including basements and excluding
crawl spaces and unfinished attics. Smoke detectors should be installed in
sleeping rooms in new construction and it is recommended that they should also
be installed in sleeping rooms in existing construction. It is recommended that
more than one smoke detector should be installed in a hallway if it is more than
30 feet long. It is recommended that there should never be less then two smoke
detectors per apartment or residence. It is recommended that smoke detectors be
located in any room where an alarm control is located, or in any room where
alarm control connections to an AC source or phone lines are made. If detectors
are not so located, a fire within the room could prevent the control from
reporting a fire. All fire alarm systems require notification devices, including
sirens, bells, horns, and/or strobes. In residential applications, each automatic
alarm initiating device when activated should cause the operation of an alarm
notification device that should be clearly audible in all bedrooms over ambient
or background noise levels (at least 15dB above noise) with all intervening
doors closed. It is recommended that a smoke detector with an integral sounder
(smoke alarm) be located in every bedroom and an additional notification
device be located on each level of a residence. The most common cause of an
alarm system not functioning when a fire occurs is inadequate maintenance. As
such, the alarm system should be tested weekly to make sure all sensors and
transmitters are working properly. Although designed for long life, fire alarm
devices including smoke detectors may fail at any time. It is recommended that
residential smoke detectors should be replaced every 10 years. Any smoke
detector, fire alarm system or any component of that system which
fails should be repaired or replaced immediately.