HERNANDEZ, JOHN RAYMAR B.

MONTECILLO, LOUIS MIGUEL O.

• A key aspect of fire protection is to identify a
developing fire emergency in a timely manner,
and to alert the building's occupants and fire
emergency organizations and it is the role of the
Fire Detection and Alarm System to warn the
occupants about a fire condition.
• A Fire Alarm System is number of devices working
together to detect and warn people through visual
and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon
monoxide or other emergencies are present.
• Alarms can either be motorized bells or wall-
mounted sounders or horns that will alert
occupants about a fire situation.
Alarm

Detection Devices
• Fire Alarm Control Panel – it is
the brain of the fire detector
system and is the central hub for
all the detector signals to be
wired to and provide a status
indication to building occupants.
Heat Detector - can either
work on a fixed temperature
basis, where it will trigger an
alarm if the temperature
exceeds a pre-set value or
they can work on the rate of
change in temperature.
Smoke Detector - A smoke
detector is an electronic fire-
protection device that
automatically senses the
presence of smoke, as a key
indication of fire, and sounds a
warning to building occupants.
Carbon Monoxide Detector -
are known also as CO fire
detectors are electronic
detectors used to indicate the
outbreak of fire by sensing the
level of carbon monoxide in the
air.
Multi-Sensor Detector -
combine inputs from both
optical and heat sensors and
process them using a
sophisticated algorithm built
into the detector circuitry.
• Manual Call Point - or Break Glass Call Point
is a device which enables personnel to raise
the alarm by breaking the frangible element
on the fascia; this then triggers the alarm.
1. Conventional Fire Alarm Systems –
In a Conventional Fire Alarm System,
physical cabling is used to interconnect
several call points and detectors, the
signals from which are wired back to the
main control unit.
- Call points and detectors are arranged in
“Zones” to simplify locating the cause of
the alarm, this is important for both the
fire brigade and general building
management.
2. Addressable Fire Alarm Systems –
The detection principle of an Addressable
System is the same as a Conventional
System except that each detector is given
a set Address (usually by means of a dip-
switch) and the Control Panel can then
determine exactly which detector or call
point has initiated the alarm.
- The detection circuit is wired as a loop
and up to 99 devices may be connected
to each loop.
3. Intelligent Fire Alarm Systems –
each detector effectively incorporates its
own computer which evaluates the
environment around it and
communicates to the Control Panel
whether there is a fire, fault or the
detector head needs cleaning.
4. Wireless Fire Alarm Systems –
These are an effective alternative to
traditional wired fire alarm systems for all
applications. They utilize secure, license-
free radio communications to
interconnect the sensors and devices
with the controllers.
- It is a simple concept, which provides
many unique benefits and is a full
intelligent fire detection system without
the need for cabling.
FIRE SPRINKLER
SYSTEMS
• A Sprinkler system is a fire fighting
device that is installed in buildings as a
preventative measure. The sprinkler
heads are placed in the ceilings facing
toward either the floor or towards any
fire hit spots. The other end of the
sprinkler system is connected to a
number of pipes and a high-pressure
water supply. A fire sprinkler system is
designed to put out a fire during its
infancy stage before it develops.
Pendent Fire Sprinkler Head
The pendent fire sprinkler head is the most
common type and it’s mainly used in offices,
hotels and factories. It hangs down from the
ceiling and sprays water in a circular motion in
order to cover the most ground. Then the
deflector is curved down in order to direct the
water in a cone shaped position.
Upright Fire Sprinkler Head
An upright fire sprinkler points upwards
towards the ceiling. The deflectors are also
curved down so that the water sprays in
hemispherical position. They’re generally used
in mechanical rooms or rooms that are
difficult to access. They also offer great
coverage for obstructions, such as air ducts.
Sidewall Fire Sprinkler Head
Sidewall fire sprinkler heads are generally
used in tight spaces, such as hallways or small
rooms. They only have half of a deflector so
they can spray water in a half-circle shape,
which helps to cover the entire area.
Generally, you will want to install sidewall
sprinklers in the wall either along or under a
beam.
Concealed Fire Sprinkler Head
A concealed fire sprinkler head is very similar
to a pendent fire sprinkler head. However, the
concealed head has a cover plate to help it
better blend into the ceiling. The cover plate
will fall off once the temperature is 20 degrees
less than the fire sprinkler, which allows the
sprinkler to activate once it’s exposed to the
heat of the fire.
 TYPES OF FIRE
SPRINKLER
SYSTEM
Wet pipe systems -
Wet pipe sprinkler systems are
installed more often than all
other types of fire sprinkler
systems. They also are the
most reliable, because they
are simple, with the only
operating components being
the automatic sprinklers and
the automatic alarm check
valve.
 TYPES OF FIRE
SPRINKLER
SYSTEM
Dry Pipe Systems –
Dry pipe systems are the
second most common
sprinkler system type. Dry
pipe systems are installed in
spaces in which the ambient
temperature may be cold
enough to freeze the water in
a wet pipe system, rendering
the system inoperable.
 TYPES OF FIRE
SPRINKLER
SYSTEM
Pre-Action Fire Sprinkler
Systems –
These are hybrid fire
protection systems that are
designed to take advantage of
the flexibility of wet pipe
systems as well as the
complexity of dry pipe
sprinklers. The major
drawback is that they can be
very costly to install and have
high maintenance demands.
 TYPES OF FIRE
SPRINKLER
SYSTEM
Deluge Fire Sprinkler Systems
- This sprinkler system is
designed without the heat
sensing elements that are
contained in both wet and dry
pipe systems. They have a
common trigger that causes
the valves to open. Once the
valve opens, the water is
discharged to the piping
system and sprays on all the
heads at once covering the
whole area. This type of
system is not commonly used
at homes but is mainly found
in industries with flammable
liquids.
 TYPES OF FIRE
SPRINKLER
SYSTEM
Foam Fire Sprinkler Systems –
Foam systems use a mixture of
water and a low expansion
foam concentrate to
extinguish fires in buildings.
The fire pump distributes the
water & foam mixture via the
pipe-system and discharges
the foam spray via the foam
sprinkler heads.