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RC18 Column02 PDF
RC18 Column02 PDF
Design of Columns 2
Combined Axial-Bending
Interaction Diagram
Minimum Eccentricity: emin = 0.6 + 0.03h
Biaxially Loaded Column
Combined Axial Load and Bending Moments Column subjected to eccentric compression
Pn As fs As fs
Bending moments can occur in columns because: e
s 0.85 fc
- Unbalance gravity loads s cu
Fy Pn = 0.85 fc a b + As fs As fs
Moment about centerline of the section of internal stresses and forces must be
equal and opposite to the moment of external force Pn, so that
h a h h
[MCL ] Mn = Pn e = 0.85 fc a b + As fs d + As fs d
2 2 2 2
Column2_02 Column2_04
Moment Strength of Column
If we know Neutral axis (c, a)
Pn
Taking moment about centroid of section:
T CL Cc Cs
e h a h h Strain condition
Mn1 = Cc + Cs d + T d
2 2 2 2 ( s , s )
= Pn e
Stress condition
d Taking moment about tension steel: ( fs , fs )
a/2 a
Mn 2 = Cc d + Cs ( d d )
d - h/2 h/2 2
Column strength
d h ( Mn, Pn )
= Pn e + d
h 2
Column2_05 Column2_07
Tension steel: Pn Pn Pn Pn
s e e e e
d c
s cu s = cu
c
d c
fs = s Es = cu Es fy
d c
c
d
Compression steel:
c d
s = cu
c
As fs As fs c d
fs = s Es = cu Es fy
c
0.85 fc Small Eccentricity Large Eccentricity
cu cu
ll
s > y
e=0
Mn
e=
Column2_09 Column2_11
d cu 6,120
cb = d = d 12.5 cm
cb cu + y 6,120 + fy
d ab = 1 cb Balance condition:
6,120
cb d cb = 35 = 21.2 cm, ab = 0.85(21.2) = 18.0 cm
fs = s Es = cu Es fy 6,120 + 4,000
cb
Pb = 0.85 fc ab b + As fs As fy Cc = 0.85(0.28)(18)(25) = 107 ton
h a h h c d 21.2 5
Mb = 0.85 fc ab b b + As fs d + As fy d fs = Es cu = 6,120 21.2 = 4,677 ksc Yielding fs = 4,000 ksc
2 2 2 2 c
eb = Mb / Pb
Cs = As fy = 12.32(4.0) = 49.3 ton
Column2_10 Column2_12
T = As fy = 12.32(4.0) = 49.3 ton Interaction Diagram
h = 40 cm
Pb = Cc + Cs T = 107 + 49.3 49.3 = 107 ton d = 5 cm
h a h h d = 35 cm
Mb = Cc + Cs d + T d
2 2 2 2 a = 18 cm Pn
e=
Mn 2,102
= = 53.9 cm Tied column: Pn = 0.80 0.85 fc ( Ag Ast ) + f y Ast
Pn 39
For c larger than cb = 21.2 cm will give e smaller than eb : compression failure Spiral column: Pn = 0.85 0.85 f c ( Ag Ast ) + f y Ast
h
c
.03
h
+ 0.03
+0
30 5
fs = 6,120 = 5,100 ksc Yielding fs = 4,000 ksc
0.6
30
e = 0.6
e=
Pn = 152 + 12.32 4.0 12.32 1.02 = 189 ton
Mn = 152(20 25.5 / 2) + 12.32 4.0(20 5) + 12.32 1.02(35 20) USE Pn(max) USE Pn at point A
M 2,030
= 2,030 ton-cm = 20.3 t-m e= n = = 10.7 cm
Pn 189
Column2_14 Column2_16
Column strength interaction diagram. A 25 x 40 cm column is reinforced with 4DB28.
Concrete strength fc = 280 ksc and the steelyield strength fy = 4,000 ksc Interaction Diagram of Rectangular Columns
h = 40 cm
20 cm 20 cm
d = 5 cm
5 cm 5 cm
d = 35 cm 300.00
h
12.5 cm 0.08 f c = 210 kg/cm 2
h
2
250.00 0.07 f y = 4000 kg/cm
0.06 = 0.75
12.5 cm b
0.05
200.00 0.04
Pn
, ksc 0.03
Ag
150.00 0.02
g = 0.01
100.00
50.00
0.00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00
M n
, ksc
Ag h
Column2_17 Column2_19
Example: Design a rectangular reinforced concrete column with ties for service
dead and live loads of 120 and 80 tons, respectively. Service dead and live load
Interaction Diagram for Design moments at the top about the strong axis are 15 and 8 t-m, respectively.
Moments are negligible about weak axis. Assume moments at the bottom of the
column as half those at the top. The column has unsupported height of 2.5 m and
is bent in double curvature about strong axis and single curvature about the weak
axis. Use fc = 210 ksc and fy = 4,000 ksc.
1.40 2.0 b
b. Slenderness about strong axis (60 cm width)
Pn 1.20 1.5
k = 1.0 for braced compression member = 0.80
1.00
r = 0.3x60 = 18 cm
Ag fc' 1.0
0.80 0.5
kLu/r = (1.0)(250)/18 = 13.9 0.60
gm=0
M1/M2 = -0.5 0.40
Mn
Ag hfc'
Column2_21 Column2_23
d = 45 cm
fs = stress in the compressive reinforcement
h = 50 cm
c = 0.6(45) = 27 cm
= fy if fs fy
a = 1c = 0.85(27) = 23 cm
T = Force in the tensile side reinforcement
5 cm
s = y = 0.002
b = 30 cm Balance failure
Column2_26 Column2_28
cu = 0.003 0.85fc Compute Pnb : Pno = 0.85 fc (A g A st ) + A st fy
a = 23 cm
Cs1 fs = 6120(1-d/c) = 6120(1-5/27) = 0.85 x 0.24 (30 x 50 8 x 4.91) + 8 x 4.49 x 4.0
c = 27 cm
Cs2 fs = 6120(1-25/27) = 453 ksc Using the interaction surface expression for biaxial bending
1.5 1.5
Pnb = nominal axial compression at the limit strain Pn Pnb Mnx M
+ + ny
M
Pno Pnb Mnbx nby
= Cc + Cs1 + Cs2 T
T = As fy 1.5 1.5
s = y = 0.002 143 168.7 25.7 17.1
Cc = 0.85fc b a = 0.85(0.28)(30)(23) = 164.2 ton = + +
442 168.7 45.7 24.7
Cs1 = (3DB25=14.73)(4.0) = 58.9 ton
= -0.094 + 0.422 + 0.576 = 0.904 < 1.00 OK
Cs2 = (2DB25=9.82)(0.453) = 4.5 ton
Hence, accept the design, namely,
T = (3DB25=14.73)(4.0) = 58.9 ton
b = 30 cm, h = 50 cm, d = 45 cm, and As = 8DB25
Pnb = 164.2 + 58.9 + 4.5 58.9 = 168.7 ton
Column2_29 Column2_31
h a h h
Mnbx = C c + C s d + T d
a = 23 cm
Cs1
2 2 2 2
Cc
Mnbx = 164.2(25 23/2) + 58.9(25 5) + 58.9(45 25)
Cs2 cnbx
= 4573 t-cm = 45.7 t-m
cu =
Mnbx 4573 0.003
eby = = = 27.1 cm y =
Pnb 168.7 0.002
T = As fy
eby > ey = 17.8 cm, hence compression failure
Compute Mnby : My
h = 50 cm