Essential Science 5º Fichas PDF

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Reinforcement and Extension
Worksheets
Science, Geography and History
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The Reinforcement and Extension Worksheets for Essential Science, Science,Geography
and History for Year 5 of Primary Education are a collective work, conceived,
designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana,
under the supervision of Jos Tomas Henao and Javier Prez rubalcaba
Contributing author: Lesley Thompson

Editors: Martin Minchom, Sheila Klaiber
Illustrations: Jorge Salas
Art Director: Jos Crespo

Design coordinator: Rosa Marn
Cover design: Martn Len Barreto
Artwork coordinator: Carlos Aguilera
Coordinator design development: Javier Tejeda
Design development: Jos Luis Garca and Ral de Andrs
Technical director: Angel Garca Encinar

Technical coordinators: Fernando Carmona, Marisa Valbuena
Layout: Alfonso Garca, Pedro Valencia
Research and photographic selection: Amparo Rodriguez
Photographs: C. Surez; Carlos Jimnez/photoAlquimia; GARCA-PELAYO/Juancho; I. Rovira;

J. C. Muoz; J. I. Medina; J. Jaime; MICROS/J. M. Blanco; J. Lucas; J. M. Escudero; J. V. Resino;
Krauel; L. M. Iglesias; Larrin-Pimoulier; M. Blanco; M. San Flix; O. Torres; ORONOZ; P. Esgueva;
P. Lpez; Prats i Camps; S. Enrquez; S. Padura; TERRANOVA INTERPRETACIN Y GESTION
AMBIENTAL; A. G. E. FOTOSTOCK/Science Source; ARCHIVO SAHATS/Domench - Azpilicueta;
DIGITAL BANK; EFE/Dennis M. Sabangan; EFE/SIPA-PRESS/Letterio Pomara, R. L.; GETTY IMAGES
SALES SPAIN; HIGHRES PRESS STOCK/AbleStock.com; I. Preysler; J. M. Barres; JOHN FOXX IMAGES;
MUSEUM ICONOGRAFA/J. Martin; O. Daidola; PHOTODISC; SEIS X SEIS/D. Lezama; Armand Colin-
Vronse; BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DE ESPAA/Laboratorio Biblioteca Nacional; I. Nieva; MATTON-BILD;
REAL ACADEMIA ESPAOLA DE LA LENGUA, MADRID; SERIDEC PHOTOIMAGENES CD; ARCHIVO
SANTILLANA
2009 by Santillana Educacin, S. L. / Richmond Publishing Richmond Publishing

Torrelaguna, 60. 28043 Madrid 26-28 Hammersmith Grove
London W6 7BA
Richmond Publishing is an imprint United Kingdom
of Santillana Educacin, S. L.
PRINTED IN SPAIN
CP: 158225
D.L.:
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of
the publisher.
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Contents
Page
Reinforcement Worksheets
11 Living things ........................................... 4
12 Plants .................................................... 6
13 Invertebrates........................................... 8
14 Vertebrates ............................................. 10
15 Nutrition ................................................. 12
16 Matter..................................................... 14
17 The atmosphere...................................... 16
18 The landscape ........................................ 18
19 Rivers ..................................................... 20
10 Population .............................................. 22
11 The economy .......................................... 24
12 Prehistory and Antiquity .......................... 26
13 The Middle Ages ..................................... 28
Extension Worksheets
11 Living things ........................................... 30
12 Plants ..................................................... 32
13 Invertebrates........................................... 34
14 Vertebrates ............................................. 36
15 Nutrition ................................................. 38
16 Matter..................................................... 40
17 The atmosphere...................................... 42
18 The landscape ........................................ 44
19 Rivers ..................................................... 46
10 Population .............................................. 48
11 The economy .......................................... 50
12 Prehistory and Antiquity .......................... 52
13 The Middle Ages ..................................... 54
Answer Key .................................................. 56
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1 Living things REINFORCEMENT
1. Name three living and three non-living things.
a. Three living things:
b. Three non-living things:
2. Match the two columns.
a. Nutrition 1. Living things react to their environments.
b. Sensitivity 2. Living things have offspring.
c. Reproduction 3. Living things eat food, which contains nutrients.
3. Use these words to complete the sentences.
unicellular wall multicellular membrane cytoplasm nucleus cells
a. are the smallest living units in a living thing.

b. Living things which are made up of a single cell are .
c. Living things which are made up of many cells are .
d. The is the covering around the cell.
e. The is the part which controls the cell.
f. is between the nucleus and the membrane.
g. Plant cells also have a hard cell around the membrane.
4. Label this cell.
cytoplasm
nucleus
membrane
4 ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.
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REINFORCEMENT
5. Match the characteristics to the kingdom.
Animals
1. They make their own food.
2. They have roots in

the ground.
Plants
3. They have a nervous system
and sense organs.
4. They depend on other

organisms for food.
5. They can move from one

Fungi place to another.
6. They eat other living things.
6. Answer the questions.
a. How are fungi and plants similar?
b. How are fungi and animals similar?
ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L. 5
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2 Plants REINFORCEMENT
1. Find 12 words and complete the sentences.
G Y M N O S P E R M S
F L O W E R I N G O N
G E S P N W L K N I U
K C S H A D E V G S T
V F E R N S O L A T R
P R S O L T E G K U I
W U A O D E W X V R E
L I O T V M C K P E N
G T N S L E A V E S T
A N G I O S P E R M S
a. The of a plant are in the soil.

b. The supports the leaves.
c. Water and are transported
from the roots to the leaves inside the stem.
d. The breathe and make
the plants food.
e. plants are the biggest
group of plants.
f. have small flowers
but no .
g. have flowers and fruit.
h. Non-flowering plants need
and .
i. are small plants
which live on rocks and trees.
j. have big leaves.
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REINFORCEMENT
2. Use the words to label the illustration of plant nutrition.
elaborated sap
carbon dioxide
leaf
oxygen
raw sap
roots
stem
water and
dissolved minerals
3. Circle the correct option.
a. Flowers are the nutritional / reproductive organs of plants.

b. The stamens are the male / female parts which produce pollen.
c. Tiny pollen grains form on the stamens / petals.
d. Respiration / Pollination is the movement of pollen from the stamens to the ovary.
e. The ovary / corolla is the female part which contains ovules.
f. Sunlight / Wind can carry pollen to other plants.
g. After pollination, the ovary / calyx grows and becomes a fruit with seeds.
h. When seeds germinate, they open / close and small roots grow.
4. Label these stems: tubers, bulbs or stolens.
a b c
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3 Invertebrates REINFORCEMENT
1. Complete the text about invertebrates.
Invertebrates are animals which do not have a (a.) or a

(b.) . Most invertebrates are very (c.) ,
but some are enormous. Most are (d.) , but some have
irregular bodies. Many invertebrate bodies are protected by (e.)
or (f.) . Invertebrates are (g.) ;
a larva hatches from an egg.
2. Identify the invertebrate groups.
a b c
d e f
3. Name the invertebrates.
a. Invertebrates you have seen:
b. Invertebrates you have eaten:
c. Invertebrates which can sting you:
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REINFORCEMENT
4. Which invertebrate group is being described?
a. They have soft bodies. Many are covered by shells.

b. They are marine animals with jelly-like bodies and tentacles.
c. They are covered by a hard exoskeleton.

d. They have irregular bodies and cannot move.
e. They have long, soft bodies. Many are parasites.
5. Label the parts of this arthropod.
6. Match the columns.

1. Their bodies are divided into three parts.
2. They have ten or more legs.

Arachnids
3. They have long bodies with many legs.
Crustaceans 4. The thorax has six legs.
Insects 5. They are the most numerous arthropod group.
6. They have eight legs.

Myriapods
7. The head has one pair of short antennae.
8. The body is divided into the abdomen

and the cephalothorax.
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4 Vertebrates REINFORCEMENT
1. Find 8 words in the wordsearch.
P R I M A T E S U A
L V D O L P H I N S
L P M N L M S L G E
I V L K S R L S U V
O E L E L E S P L L
N S A Y Z E B R A S
S S P S M S R F T M
C A R N I V O R E S
C E T A C E A N S A
2. Complete the table. Use words from the wordsearch.
Mammal group Example A characteristic
They have no hair.
a. The bodies of reptiles are covered with fur / scales.

b. Reptiles are warm-blooded / cold-blooded animals.
c. All reptiles breathe through their lungs / gills.
d. Reptiles are oviparous / viviparous.
e. Most reptiles are herbivores / carnivores.
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REINFORCEMENT
4. Identify the reptile groups.
a b
c d
5. Which reptile group is being described?
a. They have a shell to protect their body.

b. They have very short legs, and they crawl.
c. They have long bodies with no limbs, and they slither.
d. They spend a lot of time in water, and they use their large teeth to capture their
prey.
6. True or false? Decide and write T or F.
a. A fishs body is covered with thin, shiny scales.

b. Fish use their gills to swim.
c. Fish and amphibians are oviparous.
d. Sharks are bony fish.
e. Amphibians stay in or near water to keep their skin dry.
f. Amphibians without tails have a long body and four similar limbs.
g. Amphibians without tails have long, strong back legs and a long tongue
they use to catch their prey.
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5 Nutrition REINFORCEMENT
a. What are nutrients?
b. What are the two types of carbohydrates? What do they give us?
c. Why do we need proteins?

d. How does fibre help us?
e. What is chyme?
2. Use these words to label the excretory system.
bladder kidneys renal artery renal vein ureters urethra
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REINFORCEMENT
3. Match the columns. Then answer the question.
a. We breathe 1. and passes through the pharynx.
b. Air enters through the nose 2. and into each lung.
c. From the pharynx, the air 3. the bronchi divide into bronchioles.
d. Next, it goes to the bronchi 4. are the alveoli.
e. In the lungs, 5. to obtain oxygen from the air.
f. At the end of the bronchioles, 6. goes to the larynx and the trachea.
What happens in the alveoli?
4. Use these words to complete the sentences.
systemic circulation
pulmonary circulation
blood vessels capillaries
arteries veins
circulation
a. is the movement of blood through the circulatory system.
b. are tubes which transport blood.
c. are the blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart.
d. are the blood vessels which carry blood into the heart.
e. are tiny blood vessels which connect arteries to veins.
f. is the movement of blood between the heart and the lungs.
g. is the movement of blood to the rest of the body.
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6 Matter REINFORCEMENT
a. Everything in the universe 1. tiny particles called atoms.
b. Matter is made up of 2. is made of matter.
c. An element is matter which 3. like mass and volume.
d. Mixtures are made up of 4. consists of only one type of atom.
e. A compound is matter which 5. several pure substances.
f. Pure substances are made 6. a single type of element or

up of compound.
g. All matter has general 7. consists of more than one kind

properties of atom.
2. Name examples of types of matter.
a. Two examples of pure substances:

b. One example of a mixture:
a. What is mass?
b. What is volume?
c. What is density?
d. How do we calculate density?
e. What is the density of water?
f. What is the density of iron?
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REINFORCEMENT
4. Complete the sentences about changes in matter.
Contraction Combustion Expansion Fragmentation Oxidation Putrefaction
a. : one substance changes into another when it reacts with oxygen.

b. : the object is divided into small pieces.
c. : this occurs when a living thing decomposes.
d. : when the temperature of an object increases, it gets bigger.
e. : when the temperature of an object decreases, it gets smaller.
f. : when an object or a substance is burned, it changes into
another substance.
5. Tick () the properties of each state of matter.
Fixed volume No fixed volume Fixed shape No fixed shape

solids
liquids
gases
6. Identify these changes in state. 2

Then write the word.
4
3
a. A solid changes into a gas:

b. A solid changes into a liquid:
c. A gas changes into a liquid:
d. A liquid changes into a gas:
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7 The atmosphere REINFORCEMENT
1. Tick () the true sentences.
a. The atmosphere is the wind which surrounds the Earth.

b. Air is mainly made up of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
c. Ozone filters harmful ultraviolet rays.
d. The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere.
e. Plants and animals live in the troposphere.
f. The stratosphere is the next layer.
g. The thin layer of ozone in the upper statosphere is called outer space.
2. Complete
the paragraph
on the water
cycle.
The water cycle is the constant of water

between the sea, the and land.
1. Liquid water in the sea because of heat from

the . It becomes .
2. Water vapour rises and into drops of water which
form .
3. Water falls from the clouds as .
4. This water filters into the land and also forms rivers and lakes and some returns
to the .
5. The starts again.
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REINFORCEMENT
a. Waves 1. are the rise and fall of the sea level.
b. Tides 2. are the movement of large masses of ocean water.
c. Ocean currents 3. are the rise and fall of the waters surface.
What causes tides?
a. What is magma?
b. What is lava?
c. What do you see in these photographs?
5. Look for examples of the damage done by earthquakes or erosion in your area
or on the Internet. Describe what you see.
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8 The landscape REINFORCEMENT
a. All the features of the Earths surface make up the geosphere / landscape.
b. Hills have a lower / higher altitude than mountains.
c. Several mountains grouped together are called a mountain range / chain.
d. A plateau is a plain at a low / high altitude.
2. Find 10 words in the wordsearch. Then complete the sentences.
B E A C H E S D P Q C
F U F L X E M C E D O
P D V I I S L A N D A
G U L F G T E P I F S
X V D F P U B E N X T
M A R S H A M G S G P
D B Z D W R N Q U B X
J K L B M Y F B L F F
A R C H I P E L A G O
a. The is the place where the land meets the sea.

b. Low-lying coasts have sandy .
c. High coasts have rocky .
d. A is almost completely surrounded by water.
e. An is completely surrounded by water.
f. An is a group of islands.
g. A is wet land near the mouth of a river.
h. An is the part of a river which opens into the sea.
i. A is land which extends into the sea.
j. A is a place where the sea extends into the land.
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REINFORCEMENT
3. Label these places on the map.
Central Plateau Pyrenees Gualdalquivir depression

Atlantic coast Cantabrian coast Mediterranean coast
Ebro depression Canary Islands
Balearic Islands Betic Chain
W E
Indicate where you live on the map.

158225P19
Which coast is nearest to your home?
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9 Rivers REINFORCEMENT
a. A river is 1. artificial lakes.
b. The course is 2. a body of moving water.
c. The flow is 3. the route a river takes.
d. Reservoirs are 4. areas where all the rivers flow into the same sea.
e. Watersheds are 5. the amount of water a river carries.
2. Label the watersheds and the rivers.
Describe the rivers in each watershed.
158225P20
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REINFORCEMENT
3. Label the illustration.
polar zone
polar zone
temperate zone
temperate zone
Equator
tropical zone
4. Complete the table on climate in Spain.
Climate Location Rainfall Temperatures
Atlantic mild
Continental
Mediterranean
Subtropical
a. What is flora?
b. What is fauna?
c. Investigate one of the National Parks in Europe and write about the climate, the
flora and the fauna there.
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10 Population REINFORCEMENT
1. Complete the sentences.
a. The population of an area is .

b. A census measures the size of .
c. Population can be classified by .
d. Population density is measured by
2. Classify these causes for migration. Add one more cause to each category:
wars political problems droughts earthquakes floods religious problems
Natural causes Social factors
Are you an immigrant? Do you know any immigrants?

Why did you / they come?
a. Why did many emigrants leave Europe in the past?
b. Where did they go?
c. Why do many immigrants come to Europe today?
d. Where do they come from?
e. Why do some young European adults emigrate?
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REINFORCEMENT
4. Write about population density in Spain.
The population is not evenly distributed.
Describe the population density where you live.
Population density
More than 1,000,000
inhabitants
Between 500,000 and
1,000,000 inhabitants
Less than 500,000
inhabitants
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11 The economy REINFORCEMENT
a. The active population 1. people who work but receive no

includes money.
b. The primary sector includes 2. is also called the tertiary sector.
c. In the secondary sector 3. fishing and forestry.
d. The service sector 4. natural resources are transformed.
e. Schools and tourism are 5. in the service sector.
f. The inactive population 6. unemployed people who are

includes looking for work.
2. Classify these means of transport.
a b c
d e f
Private transport Public transport
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REINFORCEMENT
3. Find 11 words in the wordsearch and classify them.
Primary sector
F B F I N T F M B C I
B E O M N B J E H A T
A G R I C U L T U R E
N B E N S I N A T N X Secondary sector industries
K D S I H M D L H F T
S F T N N S H O P S I
I N R G H A N L J M L
M N Y S C H O O L S E Service sector
R E S T A U R A N T S
H O S P I T A L S P L
a. What percentage of the Spanish active population works in each sector?

primary: seconday: service:
b. Which sector is most important where you live?
c. What kind of work do most of the people do?
5. Write about one of these two kinds of tourism.
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12 Prehistory and Antiquity REINFORCEMENT
1. Are the sentences true or false? Write T (true) or F (false).
a. Prehistory is the long period before the invention of the wheel.

b. The Stone Age began about five million years ago.
c. In the Palaeolithic period, people moved from place to place.
d. In the Neolithic period, people made pots and cloth.
e. In the Neolithic period, people built the first cities.
f. The Metal Ages began about ten thousand years ago.
g. The wheel and the plough were invented during the Metal Ages.
h. During the Metal Ages, craftsmen made weapons and jewellery.
a. Where did the Phoenicians come from?

b. Where did the Greeks come from?
c. Where did the Carthaginians come from?
Colour the Phoenician colonies green, the Greek colonies red, and the
Carthaginian colonies blue. Label them.
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REINFORCEMENT
3. Complete the sentences about Roman times. You can use some of these words.
Carthagians Greek Seneca Trajan Phoenician

Greeks Hadrian Hispania Latin Visigoth
a. More than 2,000 years ago, the Romans defeated the and
conquered the Iberian Peninsula.
b. The Romans called it .
c. The Carthaginians adopted Roman customs and spoke .
d. The emperors and were from Hispania.
e. After about 400 A.D., invaders entered the peninsula.
f. Five cities on the Iberian Peninsula which were founded by the Romans were
4. Identify these examples of Roman archuitecture.
forum temple theatre road aqueduct circus
a b c
d e f
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13 The Middle Ages REINFORCEMENT
1. Complete the sentences about the Visigoths.
a. The Visigoths settled in

b. Toledo
c. Later they conquered
d. The Visigoths converted to
e. They based their laws on
f. The Visigoths lived in villages and used the land for
g. They were expert

h. The Visigoth kingdom ended
2. Answer the questions. Then complete the map of the Muslim conquest.
a. When did the Muslim army invade

Visigothic Spain?
b. What did they call Hispania?
c. What do the arrows represent?
d. Where were the three main battles?

Locate them on the map.
e. Where were the independent Christian

territories? Shade them on the map.
158225P28
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REINFORCEMENT
a. The highest authority of the Muslims was the king / caliph.

b. The religion of the Muslims was Latin / Islam.
c. The Christians lived in the countryside / cities in the north of the peninsula.
d. The Muslims built mosques / churches to practise their religion.
e. The first Christian kingdom was in Navarre / Asturias.
f. After the year 1000, Al Andalus broke up into small caliphs / taifas.
g. The Christian kingdoms prospered / weakened.
h. The Catholic Monarch conquered Crdoba / Granada in 1492.
a. What characterises Gothic arquitecture?
b. Who are these people? Work with a friend.
1 2 3 4
c. Why is the year 1492 so important?
d. Why are the 16th and 17th centuries called the Golden Age of Spain?
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1 Living things EXTENSION
Bacteria A bacterium (plural: bacteria) is a member of a large group of organisms which

have cell walls, but not an organised nucleus. Bacteria are usually unicellular. They can live in
different environments such as water, soil, air or inside other living things.
Bacteria are the smallest living things. Most of them are so small that they can only be seen
with a microscope. These bacteria are called micro-organisms or microbes. They often feed
on decaying matter, such as dead animals or plants.
Some bacteria are helpful: for example, they help us to make food. Milk is fermented with
special types of bacteria to make cheese. Good bacteria are also used to make yoghurt and
bread. They give a unique texture and taste to the food.
Other bacteria are harmful and can make you ill. Some diseases, such as measles and mumps,
are caused by bad bacteria. Bacteria can cause food to decay. If you eat mouldy bread, you
can have stomach problems. Bacteria also cause tooth
decay. We can protect ourselves from harmful bacteria
by washing our hands, cleaning our teeth, and storing
food carefully. We should also be careful how we cook
our food. The bacteria which cause the disease
salmonella can be killed by careful cooking.
Bacteria en yoghurt
a. How many cells do bacteria usually have?

b. Where do bacteria live?
c. What do you need if you want to see bacteria? Why?
d. What do we call the smallest type of bacteria?
e. What do bacteria feed on?

f. How do we use good bacteria?
g. Find examples in the text of illnesses caused by bacteria.
h. How can we fight bad bacteria?
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EXTENSION
2. Find words in the text that mean the following:
a. with one cell e. bad for you
b. places f. illness
c. going bad g. with fungus on it
d. special or unusual h. conserving
3. Complete the text about good bacteria.
Some bacteria are harmful and others .

The good bacteria can be found in such as
. Bacteria are used in the fermentation of
in order to make .
4. Write about bad bacteria. Include information about problems caused by bad
bacteria and things we can do to protect ourselves.
Bad bacteria can cause
5. Investigate.
a. Who was the first person to see

bacteria through a microscope
and describe them?
b. Look up the word bacterium in a dictionary.

Which language is it from?
Why was it given its original name?
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2 Plants EXTENSION
The olive tree The olive is an evergreen tree which can live for a very long time.
It grows in dry, rocky places and is common in Mediterranean countries.
The trunk of the olive tree is thick and twisted. Its bark is silver-grey in colour.
Its leaves are narrow and pointed. They are dark green and smooth on top.
The flowers of the olive tree are cream
coloured and each flower has four petals
and four short stamens. The fruit of the olive
is like a berry. At first, it is green and then it
ripens and becomes black. The fruit has a
single brown seed inside.
The olive tree has been cultivated since
Antiquity. Olives are used to produce olive
oil and are also eaten as a snack or in
salads.
1. Make notes about the olive tree.
The olive tree
Type of tree: evergreen
Habitat:
Trunk:
Bark:
Leaves:
Flowers:
Fruit:
Seeds:
Uses:
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EXTENSION
2. Investigate. Find out about the stone pine tree, and complete the information.
The stone pine tree

Type of tree:
Habitat:
Trunk: straight, widely forked above
Bark: grey or red-brown
Leaves: , grey-green
Flowers:
Seeds: like a nut, with a hard coat
Uses: often planted to give shade; the seeds
are edible
Now write a short description of this tree.
3. Group work: roots.
Trees and other plants have roots which are in the soil. They absorb water and
other substances from the soil through the roots. However, not all roots are the same.
Match the plant or tree with their roots. Discuss the answers with your group.
old oak trees eucalyptus trees mosses strawberry plants tubers water lilies
a. Their stems grow roots underground and leaves above ground.

b. They have very tiny roots.
c. Their roots grow very fast and spread over large areas.
d. Their roots can go down to a depth of nearly two metres.
e. Their roots are in the mud under the water.
f. Their roots grow from stolons which extend across the ground.
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3 Invertebrates EXTENSION
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Jules Verne (1828-1905) was a French writer who
wrote about fantastic adventures. In his book 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, he imagines an
enormous submarine which travels round the world. One of the people on the submarine
Doctor Aronnax is a famous scientist. His servant Conseil loves classifying all the animals
and plants under the sea. One day, the Doctor and Conseil are walking along the sea bed:
Conseil: Look, Doctor! White coral and sea anemones members
of the cnidarian group of invertebrates!
Aronnax: Im sure youre right, Conseil. But theres something different
over there its an enormous, long worm!
Conseil: Yes, Doctor, there are different worms.
That one is a sea worm and then theres the
Aronnax: How beautiful those starfish are!
Can you see them?
Conseil: Oh, yes. They belong to the echinoderms.
Be careful, dont put your hand on that!
Its in the same group as the starfish,
but its covered with spines!
Aronnax: Ouch! Too late
Conseil: Sorry, Doctor. Hey, look over here.
Our eight-legged friend, of the mollusc
group, the same as clams and snails
Aronnax: And lobsters, like this one here
Conseil: No, sir, this lobster is an arthropod.
Do you see its hard exoskeleton?
Aronnax: So we cant see arthropods on land.
Conseil: Oh, yes we can! There are many types
of arthropod: insects, centipedes, arachnids
Aronnax: I think youre a better scientist than
me, Conseil!
a. What type of invertebrates are coral and sea anemones?

b. Which type of worm does Conseil see?
c. Which group do starfish belong to?
d. Which animal do you think Aronnax puts his hand on?
e. What is our eight-legged friend?
f. Which arthropod does Aronnax see?
g. Which other arthropods does Conseil name?
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EXTENSION
2. Correct Doctor Aronnaxs classifications.
a. Aronnax: Coral and sea anemones are echniderms.

Conseil: No, they are cnidarians.
b. Aronnax: Starfish and sea urchins are molluscs.
Conseil: No, they are
c. Aronnax: Beetles and scorpions are sponges.
Conseil: No,
d. Aronax Octopi and clams are fish.
Conseil:
e. Aronax: Lobsters, shrimp and crabs are worms.
Conseil:
3. Read the descriptions and write the name of the invertebrate.
a. This arthropod has many pairs of legs along its body.

b. This worm is a parasite in humans, pigs and other animals.
c. This insect has two pairs of colourful wings.
d. This insect has long legs and can jump very high.
4. Guess the names.
Write short descriptions of three invertebrates. Give them to your partner who
guesses the names. Use the descriptions in Activity 3 to help you.
5. Investigate.
Arthropod sense organs are well developed: they

have antennae and eyes. The eyes can be simple
or compound. Compound eyes are made up of
many smaller, simpler eyes.
Find some examples of insects with compound

eyes. How do compound eyes help the insect?
(Think about flies. Is it easy to hit them when they
are on walls or other surfaces?)
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4 Vertebrates EXTENSION
Animals at play It is hard to imagine an ant or a worm playing. On the other hand,
children and young animals, such as puppies and kittens, often play. In fact, most young
mammals spend a lot of time playing. Young chimpanzees chase each other around, young
badgers roll around on the ground, and ducklings splash about in the water. Mammals use
their intelligence and learn from experience. Children who do not play when they are very
young develop more slowly than children who play.
Why do animals play? There are many theories. Play makes muscles strong and develops
coordination. We can see this when chimpanzees jump from tree to tree and swing from
branches.
Play is also important for survival. In the wild, carnivores such as lions, must learn how to hunt
in order to survive. In their games, the young cubs fight and jump on each other. This is
practice for when they must catch their prey in order to eat. We can see this type of behaviour
in kittens when they play with a ball of wool: they sometimes jump on it and shake it as if it
were a mouse. Herbivores, such as zebras, must learn about danger when they are young in
order to survive. In their games, they spend time running after each other; this is practice for
when a carnivore is trying to catch them.
Play is also important in establishing
communication. Sociable mammals such as
humans and chimpanzees play in order to
decide who is more important in the group
and who is less important. When two puppies
play, they give out signals to show that they
want to play and not to fight. For example,
they put the front part of their body on the
floor and wag their tails.
1. Match the animals with their description.
a. Ant: 1. a young lion.
b. Worm: 2. a type of ape.
c. Puppy: 3. an invertebrate with a long, soft body.
d. Kitten: 4. a young dog.
e. Chimpanzee: 5. a young cat.
f. Cub: 6. a small busy insect that lives in colonies.
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EXTENSION
2. Read the text and tick the correct statements about why animals play.
a. They learn to breathe. d. They have fun.

b. They become stronger. e. They communicate with their species.
c. They learn to survive. f. They keep their skin moist.
a. Why do chimpanzees jump from tree to tree?
b. Why do young cubs fight with each other?
c. Why do young zebras run after each other?
d. How do puppies show that they want to play and not to fight?
4. Complete the sentences with and, but or because.
a. Ants and worms probably do not play, we cannot be sure.

b. Children play to learn improve their coordination.
c. Lion cubs must fight they have to kill in order to survive.
d. Zebras must learn to escape other animals want to kill them.
e. Dogs like running after sticks playing with other animals.
5. Investigate.
Find out more about dolphins. Are they

sociable animals? Why do some people
want to swim with them? Do you think
they follow boats for fun?
Write a paragraph about dolphins.
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5 Nutrition EXTENSION
The heart Our heart plays an important part in our circulatory system. It works like a
pump and moves blood through the body. It never stops beating. When you are resting, your
heart beats between 60 and 80 times every minute. When you do exercise, or if you are very
anxious, the number of heartbeats can increase up to 200 a minute.
The heart is a muscle and, like all muscles, it needs exercise to keep it healthy. That is why it
is important to be active and play sports. We also need to eat the right foods to keep our heart
in good condition. Substances such as alcohol and tobacco can damage our hearts.
The heart is divided into two parts, left and right. In pulmonary
circulation, blood leaves the heart and goes to the lungs. In the
lungs, the blood absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
Then the blood goes back to the heart through the pulmonary
veins. In systemic circulation, blood with oxygen from the lungs
leaves the heart through the aorta. This blood provides the body
with nutritive substances and oxygen. Finally, it returns to the heart
through the vena cava.
We cannot live without a heart. In the past, people with very
unhealthy hearts died. Then, in 1967, Doctor Christiaan Barnard
carried out the first human heart transplant. In this operation, the
healthy heart of someone who has died replaces the unhealthy
heart of another person. Since then, thousands of heart transplants
have been carried out. The first transplant patients did not live for
very long, but techniques and drugs improved and today transplant
patients are living for much longer.
1. Are the sentences true or false? Write T (true) or F (false).
a. The heart is important in the circulation of the blood.

b. When you are worried, your heart goes slower.
c. The heart is a gland.
d. We should do exercise if we want to keep our heart healthy.
e. Smoking and drinking are good for the heart.
f. The heart is divided into several parts.
g. There are two types of circulation.
h. Pulmonary circulation involves the lungs.
i. The blood in the lungs absorbs carbon dioxide.
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EXTENSION
2. Write three sentences in the correct order using first, next or finally.
a. The blood goes back to the heart b. Nutritive substances are

through the pulmonary veins. distributed throughout the body.
Blood leaves the heart and goes Blood with oxygen from the lungs
to the lungs. leaves the heart through the aorta.
The blood absorbs oxygen and Blood returns to the heart through
releases carbon dioxide. the vena cava.
a. Pulmonary circulation:
b. Systemic circulation:
3. Experiment. Does lung capacity vary with breathing movements?
We cannot measure our lung capacity directly, so we will use an indirect method.
Work in pairs. Measure your chest with a metric measuring tape.
a. Measure your chest at three different times: when you inhale normally, when you
exhale normally, when you inhale deeply. Record the results in the table.
Breathing movement Chest size

Inhale normally: cm
Exhale normally: cm
Inhale deeply: cm
b. When is your lung capacity greatest?

When is it smallest?
c. Write a report. Include the answers to

these questions:
What did you do? What materials did
you use? What were the results?
Explain the results.
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6 Matter EXTENSION
Salt Salt is the common name for sodium chloride. Salt takes the form of transparent
cubic crystals. It is most familiar to us as a food supplement, but it has many other uses. For
example, salt is used in the chemical industry as a source of chlorine. (Chlorine is a green,
gaseous element which you can sometimes smell in the water of a swimming pool.) Salt is also
used for removing snow and ice from roads, softening water, preserving food and stabilising
soil for construction. Salt is obtained from two sources: rock salt and brine.
Rock salt is crystallised salt. It is the result of the evaporation of ancient oceans millions of
years ago. Sometimes, pressure from inside the Earth forces up large amounts of rock salt to
form salt domes.
Brine is water that contains a high concentration of salt. It comes
mainly from the sea. Salt is obtained when the water evaporates.
The simplest form of evaporation is solar evaporation. This can
only take place in hot, dry, sunny places. The brine is collected
into shallow ponds and allowed to evaporate in the Sun. The salt
which remains is washed and made into huge piles. The piles
are left to drain for two or three months.
Salt forms an important part of our diet. Salt for human
consumption must be very pure.
1. Match the words with their definitions.
a. Supplement: 1. hard round hills
b. Remove: 2. not deep
c. Soil: 3. small area of water
d. Dome: 4. hill-shaped quantity of something
e. Mainly: 5. take away
f. Shallow: 6. very large
g. Pond: 7. mostly
h. Huge: 8. something that we add
i. Pile: 9. rock and mineral particles
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EXTENSION
a. What does salt look like?
b. What is the most common use of salt?
c. What other uses does salt have?
d. How do we obtain salt?
e. What role does solar evaporation play in obtaining salt?
3. Complete the text using these words.
sun water ponds dry chemical

brine process evaporation impurities mixture
Brine is a of salt and water. The salt is separated from the
water by the process of . In hot countries, the sun is used in
this .The is usually collected from the sea.
It is left in small, shallow for a period of time.
The acts on the brine and evaporation takes place.
The gradually disappears and soon only the salt remains.
This salt contains some , and it must be washed several times.
The salt is made into piles which in the Sun for two to three
months. Some salt is used in food and other types of salt are used, for example,
in the industry.
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7 The atmosphere EXTENSION
Clouds Clouds are made up of millions of tiny water droplets. The droplets form when
water vapour rises into the atmosphere and cools down. If the cloud is extremely cold, it is
made up of ice crystals.
In 1803, a man called Luke Howard invented a way of classifying clouds. He used Latin words
to describe their characteristics, for example:
cirrus means a filament or tuft (like a piece of hair)
cumulus means a heap or pile
stratus means a layer
nimbus means carrying rain
Today, we usually refer to ten basic types of cloud. We use combinations of the four words
above to describe them. We can divide the ten types of cloud into three sections: low clouds,
medium clouds and high clouds.
Low clouds have their base below 200 metres
from the ground. They are usually made up of
water droplets.
Medium clouds have their base between
2,000 and 7,000 metres. They are mainly
water but they can contain ice crystals.
High clouds have their base between 5,500
and 14,000 metres. They are normally made
up of ice crystals.
In our Solar System, any planet or moon with an
atmosphere also has clouds. Venuss clouds are
made up of sulphuric acid droplets. Mars has high,
thin clouds of water ice.
a. What are clouds made of?
b. How do clouds form?
c. What did Luke Howard do? When?

d. How many basic types of cloud are there today?
e. What do clouds look like from space?
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EXTENSION
2. Complete the table.
Type of cloud Height Composition
Low clouds
2,000-7,000 metres
High clouds ice crystals
3. Draw clouds.
a. Which type of cloud do you b. Can you draw another cloud?

think this is? Compare your drawing with a partner.
4. Investigate.
How clean is the rain in your neighbourhood? To find out, you need:
a plastic bottle
scissors
coffee filter paper
a. Cut the bottle in half and reverse the top to make a funnel.
b. Put the filter paper in the funnel and put the bottle outside.
c. Examine the paper after it rains. What colour is it? How clean is your rain?
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8 The landscape EXTENSION
1. Complete the newspaper article.
A new motorway A new motorway will be built the

towns of Oldcastle in the Chevron Hills and the coastal town of Winbay. At the
moment, travellers must use the old A47, a dangerous road, and the journey
takes three hours. A tunnel will go the mountains and a
new bridge will go the River Wane. Several acres of forest
will disappear as well as part of Caster Castle, an historic monument. Many
people Oldcastle and Winbay are in favour of the new
motorway, but local ecology groups are it.
2. Classify the landscape features.
reservoir hill road tunnel forest river motorway valley
Landscape features
Man-made Natural
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EXTENSION
a. Do you know any motorways like these? Where are they?
b. Which landscape features are obstacles for a motorway?
c. How can you build a flat motorway if there are hills, valleys and mountains?
d. Do motorways spoil the landscape?
e. Can motorways improve peoples lives?
4. Write a short letter to a newspaper in favour of, or against, a new motorway.
Dear Editor,
Yours sincerely,
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9 Rivers EXTENSION
The Amazon The Amazon River runs 6,400 kilometres from the Andes mountains to
the sea. It is the longest river in the world after the Nile. The Amazon is the largest river in
terms of its watershed, the number of tributaries (over 200), and the volume of water which it
discharges into the sea. The Amazon basin is huge: it covers more than 7,050,000 square
kilometres. The mouth of the Amazon is so wide and deep that large, ocean-going ships have
navigated its waters and have travelled as far as two-thirds of the way up the river. In the flood
season, the Amazon widens and covers its banks and the islands in the middle of the river.
The sediment left by the floods enriches the soil.
There are no bridges across the Amazon
because it flows mostly through tropical
rainforest where there are few roads and
cities. The tropical rainforests are home
to more than a third of all the species in
the world. It is home to wonderful
animals such as the jaguar, the largest
cat outside of Africa and Asia, and the
anaconda, an enormous, heavy snake.
The rainforests are in danger from over-
exploitation and pollution.
1. True (T ) or false (F )? Correct the false sentences.
a. The Amazon is the longest river in the world.

b. The Amazon has the biggest watershed of all rivers.
c. The Amazon basin is not very big.
d. It is impossible for large ships to sail up the Amazon.
e. The Amazon is the same width all year.
f. There are no bridges across the Amazon.
g. The rainforests contain a great variety of flora and fauna.
h. If we are not careful, the rainforests could disappear.
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EXTENSION
2. Complete the table about the Amazon.
Continent:
Countries: Peru, Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia
Length:
Number of tributaries:
Source: Lago Villafro in the Andes Mountains in Peru
Mouth: Atlantic Ocean, Brazil
Other information:
3. Use the information in Activity 2 to write a paragraph about the Amazon.
The Amazon is in It flows through .

It is long. It has . Its source is
. Its mouth
4. Investigate.
Find out about another river and complete information. Add an illustration.
River:
Continent:
Countries:
Length:
Number of tributaries:
Source:
Mouth:
Other information:
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10 Population EXTENSION
An interview Juan is 32. He comes from a small village in Spain but now he lives
in Madrid. A reporter is interviewing him for a newspaper article about population in Spain.
Reporter: How long have you lived in Madrid, Juan?
Juan: Just over ten years.
Reporter: Why did you leave your village?
Juan: All the young people were leaving. There was
no work except in agriculture and I didnt want
to do that.
Reporter: What do you do now?
Juan: I work for a telecommunications company.
Reporter: Do you miss your village?
Juan: Yes, I miss my family. On the other hand,
Madrid has a lot of advantages: good entertainment,
services, people from different countries.
Reporter: Are there any bad things about living in
the city?
Juan: Of course. Everyones in a hurry, its noisy
and its expensive!
Reporter: Will you go back to live in your village?
Juan: Maybe when Im old Ill go back, but not now.
I have a job here, Im learning new things and Im
making new friends.
Reporter: You say that many young people left your
village. Do you think it will disappear?
Juan: I hope not. Actually, some city people are
beginning to buy houses there now. They say its
healthier than the city so maybe things are changing.
a. Where does Juan live now?

b. Why did he leave his village?
c. Where does he work now?
d. What does he miss about his village?
e. What are the good and bad things about living in Madrid?
f. Does Juan think his village will disappear in the future? Why? / Why not?
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EXTENSION
2. Make full sentences.
a. Many villages / Spain / losing population.

Many villages in Spain are losing population.
b. Young people / moving / cities.
c. Population / villages / getting older.
d. Village life / more peaceful / life in the city.
e. Population density / higher / cities than / country.
3. Write I agree. or I disagree. next to these sentences. If you disagree, explain why.
a. Life is more pleasant in a village than in a city.

b. In 20 years time, most villages in Spain will not exist.
c. Everything is more expensive in a city than in a village.
d. There is always more work in a city than in a village.
e. It is important to have people of all ages in a village.
4. Investigate.
Do people in your class or neighbourhood come from

a different country or another region? Prepare questions
to ask them and write down their answers. For example:
Why did you come here? What was the most difficult thing
when you first arrived? Did you have any problems? What
were they? What do you miss most about your previous
home? Would you like to go back there?
Write a paragraph about your interview and read it to the class.
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11 The economy EXTENSION
Tourism in Spain The tourist industry in Spain is very important. It provides a lot of jobs
in the service sector in hotels, restaurants and bars. It also creates work in the area of
transport. Most tourists visit Spains coasts. They come to relax on the beaches in the Sun.
Some tourists travel inland to the mountains or visit cities such as Barcelona or Salamanca.
Many tourists come from abroad, but Spanish people also take holidays in their own country.
A good transport system is essential for successful tourism. In Spain, there are airports in
most of the major cities and good rail and road systems. In the cities, there is quick, inexpensive
underground transport.
A lot of people depend on tourism for
employment. Today, there is competition from
other countries which want to attract tourism.
Some of these countries are cheaper than
Spain and some are less exploited they have
not yet built too many holiday resorts. Some
Spanish resorts are half-empty in the winter
months, so income from tourism decreases.
The decline of agriculture in Spain is also partly
connected with tourism. Land previously used
in agriculture has been used for building tourist
apartments and hotels. This could be a bad
thing. If tourist numbers fall, many apartments
will stay empty and it will be too late to use the
land for agriculture.
a. Tourism is 1. come from abroad.
b. Success in the tourist industry 2. is much less important than tourism.
c. Many Spanish cities 3. one of Spains most important industries.
d. Not all tourists in Spain 4. from tourism in other countries.
e. Spain is facing competition 5. have efficient public transport.
f. Spains agricultural industry 6. depends in part on good transport.
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EXTENSION
a. Why is tourism important in Spain?
b. Why is good transport important?
c. Why are some tourists going to other countries instead of Spain?
d. What happens to some Spanish resorts in the winter months?
3. Tick () the jobs which belong to the tourist industry
a. waitress f. fisherman
b. coach driver g. lawyer
c. engineer h. cook
d. tour guide i. nurse
e. cleaner j. journalist
4. Write descriptions of two jobs.
Example: A waitress works in a restaurant and serves food.
5. Investigate. Write about tourism in your area.
Use these questions to help you: How important is tourism in your area? What do
tourists visit? Where do they stay? Does anyone you know work in the tourist
industry? What do they do? Would you like to work in the tourist industry? Why (not)?
Tourism is important / not important in Tourists come

to visit
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12 Prehistory and Antiquity EXTENSION
Digging up the past Eva is a student. Last summer, she spent part of her summer
holidays working on a dig (or archaeological excavation). Her favourite subject is History and
she loves finding things which bring the past to life.
The site where Eva worked last summer is near Alicante. The government had started to build
a new road. Then, one of the excavating machines uncovered some old stones. These stones
were ruins which belonged to a very old building. The government stopped building the road
and put up a fence to protect the area. Archaeologists came with helpers such as Eva.
Carefully, they began to take away the earth and slowly the remains of ancient civilisations
began to emerge.
Its very interesting, says Eva. The first layer looks like the remains of a Roman villa or bath
house. But under that, we found objects from earlier periods. There are fish hooks and other
tools. They are probably from the
Phoenician or Carthaginian civilisations.
We also found some pots and jewellery
which are definitely from Iberian times:
some of the decoration is like that on the
Lady of Elche. I hope the government
doesnt start building the road again. This
is a very important site. It can teach us a
lot about the people who lived here before
us and their way of life. Who knows? If
we continue to dig, we could find
something from prehistoric times.
1. Match the words and the definitions.
a. Dig 1. a barrier around an area
b. Subject 2. we make things with this
c. Site 3. an archaeological excavation
d. Fence 4. something we study at school
e. Remains 5. an area of land
f. Tool 6. rings and bracelets
g. Pot 7. a container, sometimes used for cooking
h. Jewellery 8. historical ruins
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EXTENSION
a. What did Eva do last summer?

b. When was the site discovered?
c. What remains are in the first layer?
d. What remains are under the first layer?
e. What does Eva hope to find in the future?
f. What must the government do to preserve the site?
Civilization Discoveries
Iberian Iberian
Carthaginian and
Roman remains of a villa or
4. Write a letter.
Imagine that you are working on a dig. Write a short letter to your English pen pal
about your experience. Use these questions to help you.
Where was the dig? What ruins did you find there? What objects did you find?
Which civilisations are they from? How do you feel about your discoveries?
Dear ,
I am writing to tell you about the dig where I worked this summer. It was in / near
Best wishes,
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13 The Middle Ages EXTENSION
Thomas Aquinas Thomas Aquinas was born in his fathers castle in Italy in 1227. His
father was Count Landulf, an important nobleman. When he was five years old, Thomas began
his education at a monastery. At that time, monasteries were important centres of learning
and knowledge. They had schools and libraries. This was before the age of printed books (the
printing press was invented in about 1450) so the books which Thomas studied were made by
hand. The scribes copied manuscripts onto parchment and decorated them with illustrations
and very thin layers of gold.
Thomas was an intelligent student and was always asking
questions. In 1244, he went to study in Cologne in Germany.
After that, he continued his studies at the University in Paris.
Classes there consisted of reading and explaining texts.
Examinations were oral. Thomas eventually became a university
professor. He taught theology in different European cities. He
worked very hard and spent a lot of time travelling. On one of
his journeys, he became ill. He was taken to a monastery in
Italy where he died in 1274.
Thomas was a great philosopher and theologian. He wrote
many important works. He tried to explain his ideas clearly and
simply.
In 1323, Pope John XXII made Thomas a saint of the Catholic
Church. Today, the Roman Catholic Church celebrates the
feast of Saint Thomas Aquinas on January 28th. This is the
publication date of his most famous work, Summa Theologica.
1. Find words in the text which mean the following:
a. A nobleman:
b. A machine for making books:
c. Someone who writes books by hand:
d. A type of paper made from animal skin:
e. A university teacher:
f. A subject which is about religion:
g. A person who studies the meaning of life:
h. Someone who is very special in the eyes of the Church:
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EXTENSION
2. True (T ) or false (F )?
a. Thomas was born into a poor family.

b. He was French.
c. His first school was in a monastery.
d. The books which Thomas studied were printed in Germany.
e. Thomas studied in Germany and England.
f. Thomas was a teacher and a writer.
g. Thomas wrote his masterpiece in French.
h. Thomas died on one of his journeys.
i. The feast of Saint Thomas Aquinas is on his birthday.
3. Circle the best answer.
a. Thomas studied with:

1 a religious order 2 noblemen 3 soldiers
b. The religion which Thomas studied was:

1 Muslim 2 Christian 3 Jewish
c. Thomas spent a lot of time:

1 fighting 2 resting 3 thinking
d. During his exams, Thomas had to:

1 write 2 talk 3 draw
e. The main language which Thomas used for studying was:

1 Arabic 2 Latin 3 English
f. Thomas is the patron saint of:

1 animals 2 travelling 3 students
4. Write a biography.
Think of other famous people from the Middle

Ages. Choose one and find some information
about them. Make notes, and write a short
biography. Use the text about Thomas
Aquinas to help you.
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Answer key
REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES UNIT 2: PLANTS
1. Find 12 words and complete the sentences.

UNIT 1: LIVING THINGS
Across: gymnosperms, flowering, shade, ferns, leaves,
angiosperms.
1. Name three living and three non-living things.
Down: fruit, mosses, roots, stem, moisture, nutrients.
Model answers:
a. The roots of a plant are in the soil.
Three living things: cows, sheep and trees.
b. The stem supports the leaves.
Three non-living things: stone, wood and paper.
c. Water and nutrients are transported from the roots to
2. Match the two columns. the leaves inside the stem.
a. Nutrition: d. The leaves breathe and make the plants food.
3. Living things eat food, which contains nutrients. e. Flowering plants are the biggest group of plants.
b. Sensitivity: f. Gymnosperms have small flowers but no fruit.
1. Living things react to their environments. g. Angiosperms have flowers and fruit.
c. Reproduction: h. Non-flowering plants need shade and moisture.
2. Living things have offspring.
i. Mosses are small plants which live on rocks and trees.
3. Use these words to complete the sentences. j. Ferns are larger than mosses and have big leaves.
a. Cells are the smallest living units in a living thing.
2. Use the words to label the illustration of plant nutrition.
b. Living things which are made up of a single cell are
unicellular. Top to bottom: carbon dioxide, oxygen, raw sap,
elaborated sap, leaf, stem, roots, water and dissolved
c. Living things which are made up of many cells are
minerals.
multicellular.
d. The membrane is the covering around the cell. 3. Circle the correct option.
e. The nucleus is the part which controls the cell. a. Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants.
f. Cytoplasm is between the nucleus and the b. The stamens are the male parts which produce pollen.
membrane. c. Tiny pollen grains form on the stamens.
g. Plant cells also have a hard cell wall around d. Pollination is the movement of pollen from the stamens
the membrane. to the ovary.
4. Label this cell. e. The ovary is the female part which contains ovules.
Top to bottom: nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane. f. Wind can carry pollen to other plants.
g. After pollination, the ovary grows and becomes a fruit
5. Match the characteristics to the kingdom. with seeds.
Animals: h. When seeds germinate, they open and small roots
3. They have a nervous system and sense organs. grow.
5. They can move from one place to another.
4. Label these stems: tubers, bulbs or stolens.
6. They eat other living things.
bulbs, stolens, tubers
Plants:
1. They make their own food.
2. They have roots in the ground.
Fungi: UNIT 3: INVERTEBRATES
4. They depend on other organisms for food.
1. Complete the text about invertebrates.
6. Answer the questions. Invertebrates are animals which do not have a (a.) skeleton
a. How are fungi and plants similar? or a (b.) backbone.
Plants and most fungi are multicellular. Most invertebrates are very (c.) small, but some are
They cannot move. enormous. Most are (d.) symmetrical, but some have
b. How are fungi and animals similar? irregular bodies. Many invertebrate bodies are protected
Animals and most fungi are multicellular. by (e.) shells or (f.) exoskeletons. Invertebrates are (g.)
They do not make their own food. oviparous; a larva hatches from an egg.
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REINFORCEMENT
2. Identify the invertebrate groups. 3. Circle the correct option.
a. sponges; b. cnidarians; c. arthropods; d. echinoderms; a. The bodies of reptiles are covered with scales.
e. worms; f. molluscs. b. Reptiles are cold-blooded animals.
3. Name the invertebrates. c. All reptiles breathe through their lungs.
Model answers: d. Reptiles are oviparous.
a. Jellyfish, earthworms, beetles, and snails. e. Most reptiles are carnivores.
b. Clams, river crabs and ocotopuses. 4. Identify the reptile groups.
c. Jellyfish and scorpions. a. crocodiles; b. lizards; c. snakes; d. turtles.
4. Which invertebrate group is being described? 5. Which reptile group is being described?
a. They have soft bodies. Many are covered by shells. a. They have a shell to protect their body. turtles
molluscs
b. They have very short legs, and they crawl. lizards
b. They are marine animals with jelly-like bodies and
c. They have long bodies with no limbs, and they slither.
tentacles. cnidarians
snakes
c. They are covered by a hard exoskeleton. arthropods
d. They spend a lot of time in water, and they use their
d. They have irregular bodies and cannot move. sponges large teeth to capture their prey. crocodiles and alligators
e. They have long, soft bodies. Many are parasites. worms
6. True or false? Decide and write T or F.
5. Label the parts of this arthropod. True sentences: a, c, g.
Left, top to bottom: wing, abdomen. Corrected false sentences:
Right, top to bottom: thorax, antenna, leg. b. Fish use their gills to breathe.
6. Match the columns. d. Sharks are cartilaginous fish.
Arachnids: e. Amphibians stay in or near water to keep their skin moist.
6. They have eight legs. 8. The body is divided into the f. Amphibians with tails have a long body and four similar
abdomen and the cephalothorax. limbs.
Crustaceans:
2. They have ten or more legs. 8. The body is divided into UNIT 5: NUTRITION
the abdomen and the cephalothorax.
Insects: 1. Answer the questions. Model answers:
1. Their bodies are divided into three parts. 4. The thorax a. They are the substances which our body needs to
has six legs. 5. They are the most numerous anthropod survive, grow and repair itself.
group. b. The two types are sugars and starches. They give us
Myriapods: energy.
3. They have long bodies with many legs. 7. The head has c. We need proteins for our body to grow and repair itself.
one pair of short antennae. d. It helps food to move through our digestive system.
e. It is a thick liquid which is produced in the stomach.
UNIT 4: VERTEBRATES 2. Use these words to label the excretory system.
Left, top to bottom: kidneys, bladder.
1. Find 8 words in the wordsearch.
Right, top to bottom: kidneys, renal vein, bladder, urethra.
Across: primates, dolphins, zebras, carnivores, cetaceans.
Far right, top to bottom: renal artery, ureters.
Down: lions, monkeys, ungulates.
2. Complete the table. Use words from the wordsearch.
a. We breathe (5) to obtain oxygen from the air.
Mammal group Example A characteristic b. Air enters through the nose (1) and passes through
cetaceans dolphins They have no hair. the pharynx.
c. From the pharynx, the air (6) goes to the larynx and
Model answer:
carnivores lions the trachea.
They hunt for food.
d. Next, it goes to the bronchi (2) and into each lung.
Model answer:
ungulates zebras They have feet with e. In the lungs, (3) the bronchi divide into bronchioles.
hoves. f. At the end of the bronchioles, (4) are the alveoli.
Model answer: What happens in the alveoli? In the alveoli, oxygen from
primate monkeys They have five the air passes into the blood. The blood releases carbon
fingers.
dioxide which passes into the alveoli.
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REINFORCEMENT
4. Use these words to complete the sentences. 5. Tick () the properties of each state of matter.
a. Circulation is the movement of blood through the Fixed No fixed Fixed No fixed
circulatory system. volume volume shape shape
b. Blood vessels are tubes which transport blood. solids
c. Arteries are the blood vessels which carry blood away liquids
from the heart.
gases
d. Veins are the blood vessels which carry blood into the
heart. 6. Identify these changes in state. Then write the word.
e. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels which connect arteries a. A solid changes into a gas: 2; sublimation.
to veins.
b. A solid changes into a liquid: 1; melting.
f. Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood
c. A gas changes into a liquid: 3; condensation.
between the heart and the lungs.
d. A liquid changes into a gas: 4; evaporation.
g. Systemic circulation is the movement of blood to the
rest of the body.
UNIT 7: THE ATMOSPHERE
UNIT 6: MATTER 1. Tick () the true sentences.
True sentences: c, d, e, f.
Corrected false sentences:
a. Everything in the universe (2) is made of matter.
a. The atmosphere is the air which surrounds the Earth.
b. Matter is made up of (1) tiny particles called atoms.
b. Air is mainly made up of nitrogen and oxygen.
c. An element is matter which (4) consists of only one
g. The thin layer of ozone in the upper stratosphere is
type of atom.
called the ozone layer.
d. Mixtures are made up of (5) several pure substances.
e. A compound is matter which (7) consists of more than 2. Complete the paragraph on the water cycle.
one kind of atom. The water cycle is the constant circulation of water
f. Pure substances are made up of (6) a single type of between the sea, the atmosphere and land.
element or compound. 1. Liquid water in the sea evaporates because of heat from
g. All matter has general properties (3) like mass and volume. the Sun.
It becomes water vapour.
2. Name examples of types of matter.
2. Water vapour rises and condenses into drops of water
Model answers: which form clouds.
a. Two examples of pure substances: iron, salt. 3. Water falls from the clouds as precipitation.
b. One example of a mixture: sea water. 4. This water filters into the land and also forms rivers and
lakes and some returns to the sea.
5. The water cycle starts again.
a. Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
b. Volume is the amount of space which an object occupies. 3. Match the columns.
c. Density is mass per volume. a. Waves (3) are the rise and fall of the waters surface.
d. To calculate density, we divide the mass of a substance b. Tides (1) are the rise and fall of the sea level.
by its volume. c. Ocean currents (2) are the movement of large masses
e. The density of water is one kilo per litre of water. of ocean water.
f. The density of iron is 7.9 kilos per litre of iron. What causes tides? The gravitational pull of the Moon
and Sun causes tides.
4. Complete the sentences about changes in matter.
a. Oxidation: one substance changes into another when it
reacts with oxygen. a. Magma is red-hot liquid rock. It is just under the surface.
b. Fragmentation: the object is divided into small pieces. b. Lava is magma when it reaches the surface.
c. Putrefaction: this occurs when a living thing c. Model answer: Both photographs are of volcanoes. The
decomposes. volcano on the left is not active. We can see a volcanic
cone. The volcano on the right is active. We can see the
d. Expansion: when the temperature of an object
hot lava flowing down the side of the mountain.
increases, it gets bigger.
e. Contraction: when the temperature of an object 5. Look for examples of the damage done by earthquakes or
decreases, it gets smaller. erosion in your area or on the Internet. Describe what
f. Combustion: when an object or a substance is burned, you see.
it changes into another substance. Open answer.
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REINFORCEMENT
4. Complete the table on climate in Spain.
UNIT 8: THE LANDSCAPE
Climate Location Rainfall Temperatures
1. Circle the correct option. Cantabrian
Atlantic abundant mild
coast, Galicia
a. All the features of the Earths surface make up the
landscape. central Spain hot summers
Continental irregular
cold winters
b. Hills have a lower altitude than mountains.
near the hot summers
c. Several mountains grouped together are called a Mediterranean
Mediterranean
light
mild winters
mountain range.
rainfall
d. A plateau is a plain at a high altitude. limited hot all year
Subtropical Canary Islands
to a few round
2. Find 10 words in the wordsearch. Then complete the months
sentences.
Across: beaches, island, gulf, marsh, archipelago. 5. Answer the questions.
Down: cliffs, estuary, cape, peninsula, coast. a. What is flora? Flora is all the plant life or vegetation in
a. The coast is the place where the land meets the sea. an area.
b. Low-lying coasts have sandy beaches. b. What is fauna? Fauna is all the animal life in an area.
c. High coasts have rocky cliffs. c. Investigate. Open answer.
d. A peninsula is almost completely surrounded by water.
e. An island is completely surrounded by water. UNIT 10: POPULATION
f. An archipelago is a group of islands.
g. A marsh is wet land near the mouth of a river. 1. Complete the sentences.
h. An estuary is the part of a river which opens into a. The population of an area is the number of people who
the sea. live there.
i. A cape is land which extends into the sea. b. A census measures the size of a population.
j. A gulf is a place where the sea extends into the land. c. Population can be classified by gender and age.
d. Population density is measured by dividing the total
3. Label these places on the map.
number of inhabitants by the surface area of the place
Students label the map. where they live.
Open answer.
2. Classify these causes for migration. Add one more cause
to each category.
UNIT 9: RIVERS Natural causes: droughts, earthquakes, floods + open
answer.
1. Match the columns. Social factors: wars, political problems, religious problems
a. A river is (2) a body of moving water. + open answer.
b. The course is (3) the route a river takes. Are you an immigrant? Or do you know any immigrants?
c. The flow is (5) the amount of water a river carries. Open answer.
d. Reservoirs are (1) artificial lakes. Why did you / they come? Open answer.
e. Watersheds are (4) areas where all the rivers flow into 3. Answer the questions. Model answers:
the same sea.
a. They left to escape from war or to find work.
2. Label the three watersheds and the two rivers. b. They went to the United States and to countries in Latin
Students label the map: Cantabrian watershed, America.
Mediterranean watershed, Atlantic watershed, River Ebro, c. They come to find work and to escape from persecution.
River Duero, River Tagus/Tajo, River Guadalquivir. d. They come from Africa, Latin America and Asia.
Descibe the rivers in each watershed. Model answer: e. They emigrate to study or work.
Atlantic: the rivers have an abundant and fairly regular
4. Write about population density in Spain.
flow.
Cantabrian: the rivers are short and rapid. Their flow is Model answer:
abundant and regular. The population is not evenly distributed. Some areas such
Mediterranean: the rivers are short and their flow is as the coast and the Autonomous Community of Madrid
irregular, except for the Ebro. are densely populated. Other areas are sparsely populated,
for example, the rural areas, especially the provinces
3. Label the illustration. surrounding the Autonomous Community of Madrid.
Students label the illustration. Open answer.
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REINFORCEMENT
Colour the Phoenician colonies green, the Greek
UNIT 11: THE ECONOMY colonies red, and the Carthaginian colonies blue.
Phoenician colonies (green): Cdiz, Almuecar.
Greek colonies (red): Denia, Ampurias.
a. The active population includes (6) unemployed people
who are looking for work. Carthaginian colonies (blue): Cartagena, Ibiza.
b. The primary sector includes (3) fishing and forestry. 3. Complete the sentences about Roman times. You can
c. In the secondary sector (4) natural resources are use some of these words.
transformed. a. More than 2,000 years ago, the Romans defeated the
d. The service sector (2) is also called the tertiary sector. Carthagians and conquered the Iberian Peninsula.
e. Schools and tourism are (5) in the service sector. b. The Romans called it Hispania.
f. The inactive population includes (1) people who work c. The Carthaginians adopted Roman customs and spoke
but receive no money. Latin.
d. The emperors Trajan and Hadrian were from Hispania.
2. Classify these means of transport.
e. After about 400 A.D., Visigoth invaders entered the
Private transport: a. bicycle, c. car, e. motorcycle.
peninsula.
Public transport: b. bus, d. train, f. underground.
f. Five cities on the Iberian Peninsula which were
3. Find 11 words in the wordsearch and classify them. founded by the Romans were Lugo, Zaragoza,
Tarragona, Sagunto, Mrida.
Across: agriculture, shops, schools, restaurants,
hospitals. 4. Identify these examples of Roman architecture.
Down: banks, forestry, mining, metal, car, textiles. a. temple; b. theatre; c. circus; d. aqueduct; e. forum;
Primary sector: agriculture, forestry, mining. f. road.
Secondary sector / industries: metal, car, textiles.
Service sector: shops, banks, schools, restaurants,
hospitals.
UNIT 13: THE MIDDLE AGES
4. Answer the questions. 1. Complete the sentences about the Visigoths.

a. What percentage of the Spanish active population a. The Visigoths settled in the centre of the Iberian
works in each sector? primary: 5% secondary: 30% Peninsula.
service: 60% b. Toledo became their capital.
b. Open answer. c. Later they conquered the territories occupied by other
c. Open answer. Germanic tribes.
5. Write about one of these two kinds of tourism. d. The Visigoths converted to Christianity.
e. They based their laws on Roman law.
Open answer.
f. The Visigoths lived in villages and used the land for
agriculture, livestock farming and pastures.
UNIT 12: PREHISTORY AND ANTIQUITY g. They were expert metalworkers.
h. The Visigoth kingdom ended after the Muslim invasion
1. Are the sentences true or false? Write T (true) or F in 711 A.D.
(false).
2. Answer the questions. Then complete the map of the
True sentences: c, d, g, h.
Muslim conquest.
Corrected false sentences:
a. They invaded in 711 A.D.
a. Prehistory is the long period before the invention of writing.
b. They called Hispania Al Andalus.
b. The Stone Age began about two and a half million years
c. The main Muslim expeditions.
ago.
d. They were in Covadonga, Roncesvalles and Guadalete.
e. During the Metal Ages, people built the first cities.
e. They were in the north of Spain.
f. The Metal Ages began about seven thousand years ago.
Students complete the map.
a. Where did the Phoenicians come from? They came
from Asia. a. The highest authority of the Muslims was the caliph.
b. Where did the Greeks come from? They came from b. The religion of the Muslims was Islam.
Greece. c. The Christians lived in the countryside in the north
c. Where did the Carthaginians come from? They came of the peninsula.
from North Africa. d. The Muslims built mosques to practise their religion.
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EXTENSION
e. The first Christian kingdom was in Asturias. 4. Write about bad bacteria. Include information about
f. After the year 1000, Al Andalus broke up into small taifas. problems caused by bad bacteria and things we can do
to protect ourselves. Model answer:
g. The Christian kingdoms prospered.
h. The Catholic Monarch conquered Granada in 1492. Bad bacteria can cause illnesses, such as mumps,
measles and salmonella, and other health problems, such
4. Answer the questions. as tooth decay and stomach ache. To protect ourselves,
a. What characterises Gothic architecture? Great height, we should wash our hands, clean our teeth and be careful
pointed arches and large windows. when storing or cooking food.
b. Who are these people? Work with a friend. 5. Investigate.
1. Coln, 2. Isabella I of Castile, 3. Miguel de Cervantes, a. Who was the first person to see bacteria through a
4. Diego Velzquez. microscope and describe them?
c. Why is the year 1492 so important? Model answer: Anton van Leeuwenhoek from Holland, 16321723.
In the year 1492, Columbus expedition reached
b. Look up the word bacterium in a dictionary.
America. The Catholic Monarchs unified the kingdoms
of Spain and began the conquest of America. Spain Which language is it from? Latin, from Greek bakterion
became the centre of a great empire. The Jews were little rod.
expelled from Spain. Why was it given its original name? Because the first
d. Why are the 16th and 17th centuries called the Golden ones to be discovered were rod-shaped.
Age of Spain? Model answer: Spain produced many
great works of literature and art during this period.
UNIT 2: PLANTS
EXTENSION ACTIVITIES 1. Make notes about the olive tree.

Type of tree: evergreen
Habitat: dry, rocky places
UNIT 1: LIVING THINGS
Trunk: thick and twisted
1. Answer the questions. Bark: silver-grey
a. They are usually unicellular. Leaves: narrow, pointed, dark green
b. Bacteria can live in different environments such as Flowers: cream coloured, four petals
water, soil, air or inside other living things. Fruit: like a berry; green then black
c. You need a microscope because they are so small. Seeds: one per olive, brown
d. We call them micro-organisms or microbes. Uses: make olive oil, snacks
e. They often feed on decaying matter, such as dead
2. Investigate. Find out about the stone pine tree, and
animals or plants.
complete the information.
f. We use it to make food: cheese, yoghurt and bread.
Type of tree: conifer, evergreen
g. Measles, mumps and salmonella.
Habitat: Portugal and the Mediterranean region
h. We can fight bad bacteria by washing our hands,
Leaves: needles, pointed
cleaning our teeth, and storing and cooking food
carefully. Flowers: cones
Now write a short description of this tree. Model answer:
2. Find words in the text that mean the following:
The stone pines trunk is straight and widely forked above.
a. with one cell unicellular Its bark is grey or red-brown. Its leaves are needles. They
b. places environments are pointed and grey-green.
c. going bad decaying
3. Group work: roots.
d. special or unusual unique
a. tubers; b. mosses; c. eucalyptus trees; d. old oak
e. bad for you harmful trees; e. water lilies; f. strawberry plants.
f. illness disease
g. with fungus on it mouldy
h. conserving storing UNIT 3: INVERTEBRATES
3. Complete the text about good bacteria.
Some bacteria are harmful and others are helpful. The 1. Answer the questions.
good bacteria can be found in food such as cheese, a. cnidarians; b. a sea worm; c. echinoderms; d. a sea
yoghurt and bread. Bacteria are used in the fermentation urchin; e. an octopus; f. a lobster; g. insects, centipedes,
of milk in order to make cheese. and arachnids.
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EXTENSION
2. Correct Doctor Aronnaxs classifications.
UNIT 5: NUTRITION
a. No, they are cnidarians.
b. No, they are echinoderms. 1. Are the sentences true or false? Write T (true) or F (false).
c. No, they are arthropods. True sentences: a, d, g, h.
d. No, they are molluscs. Corrected false sentences:
e. No, they are arthropods. b. When you are worried, your heart goes faster.
3. Read the descriptions and write the name of the c. The heart is a muscle.
invertebrate. e. Smoking and drinking are bad for the heart.
a. This arthropod has many pairs of legs along its body. f. The heart is divided into two parts.
centipede i. The blood in the lungs absorbs oxygen.
b. This worm is a parasite in humans, pigs and other 2. Write three sentences in the correct order using first,
animals. tapeworm next or finally.
c. This insect has two pairs of colourful wings. butterfly a. First, blood leaves the heart and goes to the lungs.
d. This insect has long legs and can jump very high. Next, the blood absorbs oxygen and releases carbon
grasshopper dioxide. Finally, the blood goes back to the heart
4. Guess the names. Open answers. through the pulmonary veins.
b. First, blood with oxygen from the lungs leaves the heart
Write short descriptions of three invertebrates. Give them
through the aorta. Next, the blood distributes nutritive
to your partner to guess the answers. Use the descriptions
substances and oxygen throughout the body. Finally,
in Activity 3 to help you.
blood returns to the heart through the vena cava.
5. Investigate. Open answers.
3. Experiment. Does lung capacity vary with breathing
movements?
UNIT 4: VERTEBRATES a. Open answers.
b. Model answer: It is biggest when I inhale deeply. It is
1. Match the animals with their description. smallest when I exhale.
a. Ant: (6) a small busy insect that lives in colonies. c. Write a report. Open answers.
b. Worm: (3) an invertebrate with a long, soft body.
c. Puppy: (4) a young dog. UNIT 6: MATTER
d. Kitten: (5) a young cat.
e. Chimpanzee: (2) a type of ape. 1. Match the words with their definitions.
f. Cub: (1) a young lion. a. 8; b. 5; c. 9; d. 1; e. 7; f. 2; g. 3; h. 6; i. 4.
2. Read the text and tick the correct statements about why 2. Answer the questions
animals play. a. Transparent cubic crystals.
Correct statements: b, c, d, e. b. In food.
3. Answer the questions. c. Salt is also used to obtain chlorine, to remove snow and
ice from roads, to soften water, to preserve food and to
a. To develop strength and coordination.
stabilise soil.
b. To learn how to hunt their prey.
d. Salt is obtained from two sources: rock salt and brine.
c. To develop survival techniques. e. Brine is collected into shallow ponds. Through solar
d. They put the front part of their bodies on the floor and evaporation the water evaporates and the salt remains.
wag their tails.
3. Complete the text using these words.
4. Complete the sentences with and, but or because.
Brine is a mixture of salt and water. The salt is separated
a. Ants and worms probably do not play, but we cannot be from the water by the process of evaporation. In hot
sure. countries, the Sun is used in this process. The brine is
b. Children play to learn and improve their coordination. usually collected from the sea. It is left in small, shallow
c. Lion cubs must fight because they have to kill in order ponds for a period of time.
to survive. The Sun acts on the brine and evaporation takes place.
d. Zebras must learn to escape because other animals The water gradually disappears and soon only the salt
want to kill them. remains. This salt contains some impurities, and it must be
washed several times. The salt is made into piles which dry
e. Dogs like running after sticks and playing with other
in the Sun for two to three months. Some salt is used in
animals.
food, and other types of salt are used, for example, in the
5. Investigate. Open answer. chemical industry.
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EXTENSION
UNIT 7: THE ATMOSPHERE UNIT 9: RIVERS
1. Answer the questions. 1. True (T) or false (F)? Correct the false sentences.
a. They are made up of millions of tiny water droplets. True sentences: b, f, g, h.
b. Clouds form when water vapour rises into the Corrected false sentences:
atmosphere and cools down. a. The Nile is the longest river in the world.
c. He invented a way of classifying clouds. In 1803. c. The Amazon basin is huge.
d. There are ten types. d. It is possible for large ships to sail two-thirds of the way
e. Model answer. They look like pieces of cotton. up the Amazon.
e. The Amazon is wider in the flood season.
Distance from
2. Complete the information about the Amazon.
Type of cloud Composition
the ground Continent: America
low clouds 200 metres water droplets Countries: Peru, Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador,
mainly water Bolivia
2,000
medium clouds droplets, can contain Length: 6,400 kilometres
7,000 metres
ice crystals
Number of tributaries: over 200
5,000
high clouds ice crystals Source: Lago Villafro in the Andes mountains in Peru
14,000 metres
Mouth: Atlantic Ocean, Brazil
3. Draw clouds. Other information: it runs through rich tropical
rainforests
a. Which type of cloud do you think this is? Model answer:
I think these clouds are cumulus clouds. 3. Use the information in Activity 2 to write a paragraph
b. Can you draw another cloud? Open answer. about the Amazon.
4. Investigate. Open answer. The Amazon is in America. It flows through Peru,

Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia.
It is 6,400 kilometres long. It has over 200 tributaries.
Its source is Lago Villafro in the Andes mountains in Peru.
UNIT 8: THE LANDSCAPE Its mouth is in the Atlantic Ocean in Brazil. The Amazon
runs through tropical rainforests which contain many
1. Complete the newspaper article. different species.
A new motorway will be built between the towns of
Oldcastle in the Chevron Hills and the coastal town of 4. Investigate. Open answers.
Winbay. At the moment, travellers must use the old A47,
a dangerous road, and the journey takes three hours. A
tunnel will go through / under the mountains, and a new UNIT 10: POPULATION
bridge will go across / over the River Wane. Several acres
of forest will disappear as well as part of Caster Castle, 1. Answer the questions.
an historic monument. Many people from / in Oldcastle a. In Madrid.
and Winbay are in favour of the new motorway, but local
b. He did not want to work in agriculture.
ecology groups are against it.
c. In a telecommunications company.
2. Classify the landscape features. d. He misses his family.
Landscape features e. Good things: entertainment, services, people from
different countries.
Man-made Natural
Bad things: people hurry, noisy, expensive.
reservoir, hill,
road, forest,
f. He is not sure. Some people are starting to move from
tunnel, river, the cities to the country.
motorway valley
2. Make full sentences.
a. Many villages in Spain are losing population.
b. Young people are moving to the cities.
Open answers.
c. (The) population in villages is getting older.
4. Write a short letter to a newspaper in favour of or against d. Village life is more peaceful than life in the city.
the new motorway. e. Population density is higher in (the) cities than in
Open answer. the country.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 63 15/4/09 17:18:04

EXTENSION
3. Write I agree. or I disagree. next to these sentences. 3. Complete the table.
If you disagree, explain why. Open answers.
Civilization Discoveries
4. Investigate. Open answers. Roman remains of a villa or bath house
Carthaginian and Phoenician fish hook and tools
UNIT 11: THE ECONOMY Iberian pots and jewellery
4. Write a letter. Open answers.

a. 3; b. 6; c. 5; d. 1; e. 4; f. 2.

UNIT 13: THE MIDDLE AGES
a. It provides a lot of jobs. 1. Find words in the text which mean the following:
b. It makes coming to Spain and travelling in Spain easy.
a. A nobleman: count.
c. They are going to cheaper countries with fewer tourists.
b. A machine for making books: printing press.
d. They are half-empty.
c. Someone who writes books by hand: scribe.
3. Tick the jobs which belong to the tourist industry. d. A type of paper made from animal skin: parchment.
Jobs which belong to the tourist industry: a. waitress, e. A university teacher: professor.
b. coach driver, d. tour guide, e. cleaner, h. cook. f. A subject which is about religion: theology.
4. Write descriptions of two jobs. g. A person who studies the meaning of life: philosopher.
Open answers: h. Someone who is very special in the eyes of the Church:
saint.
5. Investigate. Open answers.
2. Tick the true sentences.
True sentences: c, f, g, i, j.
UNIT 12: PREHISTORY AND ANTIQUITY Corrected false sentences:
a. Thomas was born into a rich family.
1. Match the words and the definitions.
b. He was Italian.
a. 3; b. 4; c. 5; d. 1; e. 8; f. 2; g. 7; h. 6.
d. The books which Thomas studied were made by hand.
2. Answer the questions. e. Thomas studied in Italy, Germany and France.
a. She worked on a dig. h. Thomas wrote his masterpiece in Latin.
b. When the government started to build a new road. k. The feast of Saint Thomas Aquinas is on the date of
c. The remains in the first layer are from a Roman villa or publication of Summa Theologica.
bath house.
3. Circle the best answer.
d. They are probably from the Phoenician or Carthaginian
a. 1; b. 2; c. 3; d. 2; e. 2; f. 3.
or Iberian civilisations.
e. More remains of other civilizations. 4. Write a biography.
f. The government must protect this area. Open answers.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 64 15/4/09 17:18:04

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158225_Portadilla.

pdf 16/3/09 10:33:18

Reinforcement and Extension

Science, Geography and History

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 1 15/4/09 17:17:34

Contributing author: Lesley Thompson

Art Director: Jos Crespo

Technical director: Angel Garca Encinar

Photographs: C. Surez; Carlos Jimnez/photoAlquimia; GARCA-PELAYO/Juancho; I. Rovira;

2009 by Santillana Educacin, S. L. / Richmond Publishing Richmond Publishing

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 2 15/4/09 17:17:34

Answer Key .................................................. 56

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 3 15/4/09 17:17:34

1. Name three living and three non-living things.

a. Three living things:

b. Three non-living things:

2. Match the two columns.

a. Nutrition 1. Living things react to their environments.

b. Sensitivity 2. Living things have offspring.

c. Reproduction 3. Living things eat food, which contains nutrients.

3. Use these words to complete the sentences.

unicellular wall multicellular membrane cytoplasm nucleus cells

a. are the smallest living units in a living thing.

4. Label this cell.

4 ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 4 15/4/09 17:17:34

1. They make their own food.

2. They have roots in

4. They depend on other

5. They can move from one

6. They eat other living things.

6. Answer the questions.

a. How are fungi and plants similar?

b. How are fungi and animals similar?

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L. 5

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 5 15/4/09 17:17:35

1. Find 12 words and complete the sentences.

a. The of a plant are in the soil.

6 ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 6 15/4/09 17:17:36

3. Circle the correct option.

a. Flowers are the nutritional / reproductive organs of plants.

4. Label these stems: tubers, bulbs or stolens.

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L. 7

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 7 15/4/09 17:17:37

1. Complete the text about invertebrates.

Invertebrates are animals which do not have a (a.) or a

2. Identify the invertebrate groups.

3. Name the invertebrates.

a. Invertebrates you have seen:

b. Invertebrates you have eaten:

c. Invertebrates which can sting you:

8 ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.

158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 8 15/4/09 17:17:38

a. They have soft bodies. Many are covered by shells.

c. They are covered by a hard exoskeleton.

5. Label the parts of this arthropod.

6. Match the columns.

2. They have ten or more legs.

Crustaceans 4. The thorax has six legs.

Insects 5. They are the most numerous arthropod group.

6. They have eight legs.

8. The body is divided into the abdomen