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06 InfluenceLineBeams PDF
06 InfluenceLineBeams PDF
DETERMINATE STRUCTURES
! Influence Lines for Beams
! Influence Lines for Floor Girders
! Influence Lines for Trusses
! Maximum Influence at a Point Due to a Series
of Concentrated Loads
! Absolute Maximum Shear and Moment
1
Influence Line
A
B
2
Example 6-1
C
A
B
4m 4m 4m
3
SOLUTION
Reaction at A
1
x C
A
Ay By
8m 4m
x Ay
0 1 1
+ MB = 0: Ay (8) + 1(8 x ) = 0, Ay = 1 x
4 0.5 8
8 0
Ay
12 -0.5
1
0.5
8m 12 m
x
4m
-0.5
4
Reaction at B
1
x C
A
Ay By
8m 4m
x By
0 0
1
4 0.5 + MA = 0: B y (8) 1x = 0, By = x
8
8 1
12 1.5 By 1.5
1
0.5
x
4m 8m 12 m
5
Shear at C
0 x<4 4 < x 12
1
x C
A
Ay By
4m 4m 4m
1
x C 1
+ Fy = 0: 1 x 1 VC = 0
0 x4 A MC 8
1 1
Ay = 1 x VC = x
8 VC 8
4m
x C
1
4 < x 12 A MC + Fy = 0: 1 x VC = 0
1 8
Ay = 1 x 1
8 VC VC = 1 x
4m 8
6
0 x<4 4 < x 12 x VC
1 1 0 0
VC = x
x C 8 4- -0.5
A 4+ 0.5
1
VC = 1 x 8 0
8
Ay By
4m 4m 4m 12 -0.5
1
VC VC = 1 x
8
0.5
4m 8m 12 m
x
-0.5 -0.5
1
VC = x
8
7
Bending moment at C
0 x<4 4 < x 12
1
x C
A
Ay By
4m 4m 4m
1
x C
1
0 x4 A MC + MC = 0: M C + 1(4 x) (1 x )(4) = 0
1 8
Ay = 1 x 1
8 VC MC = x
4m 2
x C
1
4 < x 12 A MC + MC = 0: M C (1 x)( 4) = 0
1 8
Ay = 1 x 1
8 VC MC = 4 x
4m 2
8
0 x<4 4 < x 12
x MC
1
1 0 0
x MC = x
C 2 4 2
A
1 8 0
MC = 4 x
Ay By 2 12 -2
4m 4m 4m
1
MC = x 1
2 MC = 4 x
MC 2
2
8m 12 m
x
4m
-2
9
Or using equilibrium conditions:
Reaction at A
1
x C
A
Ay By
8m 4m
1
+ MB = 0: Ay (8) + 1(8 x ) = 0, Ay = 1 x
8
Ay
1
0.5
8m 12 m
x
4m
-0.5
10
Reaction at B
1
x C
A
Ay By
8m 4m
Ay
+ Fy = 0: Ay + B y 1 = 0
1
0.5 B y = 1 Ay
8m 12 m
x
4m
-0.5
By B y = 1 Ay 1.5
1
0.5
x
4m 8m 12 m
11
Shear at C
0 x<4 4 < x 12
1
x C
A
Ay By
4m 4m 4m
1
x C
+ Fy = 0: Ay 1 VC = 0
0 x4 A MC
1 VC = Ay 1
Ay = 1 x VC
8
4m
x C
4 < x 12 A MC + Fy = 0: Ay VC = 0
1
Ay = 1 x
8 VC VC = Ay
4m
12
C
A
B
4m 4m 4m
Ay
1
0.5
8m 12 m
x
4m
VC = Ay 1 VC = Ay -0.5
VC
0.5
4m 8m 12 m
x
-0.5 -0.5
13
Bending moment at C
0 x<4 4 < x 12
1
x C
A
Ay By
4m 4m 4m
1
x C
0 x4 A MC + MC = 0: Ay (4) + 1( 4 x ) + M C = 0
1
Ay = 1 x VC M C = 4 Ay (4 x)
8
4m
x C
4 < x 12 A MC + MC = 0: Ay (4) + M C = 0
1
Ay = 1 x M C = 4 Ay
8 VC
4m
14
C
A
B
4m 4m 4m
Ay
1
0.5
8m 12 m
x
4m
M C = 4 Ay (4 x) M C = 4 Ay -0.5
MC
2
8m 12 m
x
4m
-2 15
Shear before support B 1
x
C
A
Ay By
4m 4m 4m
1
x MB MB
8m 8m
Ay VB -
Ay VB-
VB- = Ay-1 VB- = Ay
Ay 1
0.5 8m 12 m
x
VB- 4m
-0.5
x
Ay By
4m 4m 4m
1
MB MB
4m 4m
VB+ VB+
VB+ = 0 VB+ = 1
Ay 1
0.5 8m 12 m
x
4m
-0.5
VB+ 1
x
17
Moment at support B 1
x
C
A
Ay By
4m 4m 4m
1
x MB MB
8m 8m
Ay VB -
Ay VB-
MB = 8Ay-(8-x) MB = 8Ay
Ay 1
0.5 8m 12 m
x
MB 4m
-0.5
x
1
-4
18
Influence Line for Beam
Reaction P=1
C
A B
x'
P=1 y 1
y' sB = =
y = 1 L L
C
A B
Ay By
Ay = y '
19
P=1
C
A B
x'
P=1
y' y = 1
C
A B
y 1
sA = =
Ay L L By
By = y '
20
- Pinned Support
A C B
a b
B
A
RA
RA 1
b
L
x
21
- Fixed Support
A B
a b
A B
RA
RA 1 1
22
P=1
Shear
A C B
a b
VC P=1
1
y' sB =
y=1 yR L
A B
yL
Ay 1 By
sA =
L VC
VC ( yL + yR ) = y '
slopes : s A = sB
y=1
VC = y '
23
- Pinned Support
A C B
a b
L
VC
A B
VC 1
VC 1 Slope s B =
L
b
1 L
x
-a
1 L
Slope s A =
L -1
Slope at A = Slope at B
24
- Fixed Support
A B
a b
VB
A B
VB
VB 1 1
25
Bending Moment
P=1
A C B
a b
L
= A + B = 1
P=1
h MC MC y'
A B
h h
Ay
A = B =
a b By
A C B
a b
Hinge
A B
MC MC
MC
a b
C = A + B = 1
ab
a+b
x
b
A = a
L A =
L
27
- Fixed Support
A B
a b
A B
MC MC
MB
x
1
-b
28
General Shear
C D E B F G H
A
L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4
L
VC
3/4
1
x
VD -1/4 2/4
1 x
VE -2/4
1/4
x
1
VBL
-3/4
x
-1 29
C D E B F G H
A
L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4
VBL L
-1
VBR 1
x
VF 1
VG 1
x
30
General Bending Moment
C D E B F G H
A
L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4
L
MC 3L/16 = sA + sB = 1
x
A = 3/4 B = 1/4
MD 4L/16
= sA + sB = 1
x
A = 1/2 B = 1/2
ME 3L/16
= A + B = 1
x
A = 1/4 B = 3/4
31
C D E B F G H
A
L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4
L
MB
x
1
3L/4
MF
x
1
2L/4
MG
x
1
L/4
32
Example 6-2
A B Hinge D
C E
2m 2m 2m 4m
33
SOLUTION
B C D E
A
2m 2m 2m 4m
RA
RA 1
34
B C D E
A
2m 2m 2m 4m
RC
8/6
1
RC 4/6
35
A B D
C
E
2m 2m 2m 4m
RE
1
RE 2/6
-2/6
36
VD
A B D
C E
VD
2m 2m 2m 4m
1 4/6
2/6
=
VD 1
x
sE = 1/6
=
sC = 1/6 -1
-2/6
sE = sC
37
Or using equilibrium conditions: 1
A B Hinge D
C E
2m 2m 2m 4m
1
VD x
4m VD
MD 4m
MD
RE RE
VD = -RE VD = 1 -RE
1
RE 2/6
-2/6
4/6
VD 2/6
x
-2/6
38
A B MD MD
C E
2m 2m 2m 4m
(2)(4)/6 = 1.33
4
2 D = C+E = 1
MD
C = 4/6 2/6 = E
x
-1.33
39
Or using equilibrium conditions: 1
A B Hinge D
C E
2m 2m 2m 4m
1
VD x
4m VD
MD 4m
MD
RE RE
MD = 4RE MD = -(4-x)+4RE
1
RE 2/6
-2/6
8/6
MD
-8/6
40
VCL
A
C E
B D
VCL
2m 2m 2m 4m
VCL
x
-1 -1
41
Or using equilibrium conditions:
A B 1 D
C E
2m 2m 2m 4m
1 MB MB
RA VCL RA VCL
VCL = RA - 1 VCL = RA
RA 1
VCL
x
-1 -1
42
VCR
A
C E
B D
VCR
2m 2m 2m 4m
1
0.667
VCR 0.333
x
43
Or using equilibrium conditions:
A B 1 D
C E
2m 2m 2m 4m
1
MC MC
VCR VCR
VCR = -RE RE VCR = 1 -RE RE
1
RE 2/6=0.33
-2/6 = -0.333
1
0.667
VCR 0.333
x
44
A B MC C MC D E
2m 2m 2m 4m
MC
x
1
-2
45
Or using equilibrium conditions:
A B 1 D
C E
2m 2m 2m 4m
1
x'
MC MC
6m 6m
VCR VCR
MC = 6RE RE M C = 6 RA x' RE
1
RE 2/6=0.33
-2/6 = -0.333
MC
x
1
-2
46
Example 6-3
Hinge
A D B E C F
2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m
47
SOLUTION
D B E C F
A
RA 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m
1 1
RA
0.5
x
-0.5
-1
48
A D B E F
C
RC
2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m
2
1.5
1
0.5
RC x
49
VD
A B E C F
D
VD
2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m
VD 1 1
=
0.5
x
=
-0.5 -1
50
VE
A D B E C F
VE
2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m
0.5
VE
=
1
x
=
-0.5 -0.5
-1
51
VF
A D B E C F
VF
2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m
=
VF
52
A D B E C F
MD MD
2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m
2
MD
1
x
D = 1
-1
-2
53
A D B ME ME C
E F
2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m
(2)(2)/4 = 1
ME E = 1
x
B = 0.5 C = 0.5
-1
-2
54
A D B C ME ME
E F
2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m
MF
x
F = 1
-2
55
Example 6-4
Determine the maximum reaction at support B, the maximum shear at point C and
the maximum positive moment that can be developed
at point C on the beam shown due to
- a single concentrate live load of 8000 N
- a uniform live load of 3000 N/m
- a beam weight (dead load) of 1000 N/m
A C B
4m 4m 4m
56
SOLUTION 8000 N
3000 N/m
1000 N/m
A
C B
4m 4m 4m
RB
1.5
1
0.5
0.5(12)(1.5) = 9
x
= 48000 N = 48 kN
57
8000 N
3000 N/m 3000 N/m
1000 N/m
A
C B
4m 4m 4m
VC
0.5
0.5(4)(0.5) = 1
x
0.5(4)(-0.5) = -1 0.5(4)(-0.5) = -1
-0.5 -0.5
= -11000 N = 11 kN
58
8000 N 3000 N/m
1000 N/m
A
C B
4m 4m 4m
MC
2
+(1/2)(8)(2) = 8
x
(1/2)(4)(2) = 4
-2
= 44000 Nm = 44 kNm
59