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ECE 2201 Experiment 1 - 4 PDF
ECE 2201 Experiment 1 - 4 PDF
I. INTRODUCTION
This laboratory is about verifying the transient behavior of RC and RL
circuits. You need to revise the natural and step response of RC and RL
circuits you have covered in lectures.
II. PRE-LAB
Do the ORCAD simulations of both RC and RL circuits, calculate time constants and
plot the resulting waveforms across C (in the case of RC) and the waveform of the
current in the case of RL. In the ORCAD, use VPULSE as the Vs and set V1=5V,
V2=-5V, TD=0, TR=0, TF=0, PER=1/FREQUENCY and PW=0.5*PER
Fig #1
Fig #2
From the plots in II and III find out how long (in time constant, ) does it take
for the vC(t) and vR(t) to get to 95 % of their maximum (or come down to 5 %
of minimum) of their minimum values.
Show with changing values of R, the resultant waveforms and effect on them.
V. CONSLUSIONS
Varying R in RC circuit results in what?
Varying R in RL circuit results in what?
How much the voltage across a charged capacitor is reduced to after one time
constant, RC?
How much the voltage across a resistor in RL circuit is reduced to after one
time constant, L/R?
I. INTRODUCTION
This laboratory is aimed at enabling students on how to use the function generator
for generating a step input with an appropriate repetition rate, to an oscilloscope
to measure RLC overdamped and underdamped responses.
II. PRE-LAB
Write and run a PSPICE program for the circuit shown in Figure 1. In the
VPULSE model, make V1=-5V, V2=5V, PW=10ms and PER= 15ms, plot the
voltage across the capacitor from 0 to 5 ms in 0.1 ms increments. Print the Netlist
output file and the Output waveform and attach.
Write and run a PSPICE program for the circuit in Figure 2. Plot the voltage
across the capacitor from 0 to 5 ms in 0.1 ms increments. Print the Netlist output
file and the Output waveform and attach.
Use the program above to also analyze the resistor voltage, plot the voltage across
the resistor from 0 to 5 ms in 0.1 ms increments. Print the Output waveform and
attach.
III. BACKGROUND
A series RLC circuit can be modeled as a second order differential equation,
having solution under the three conditions for its roots.
When its roots are real and equal, the circuit response to a step input is
called Critically Damped.
When its roots are real but unequal the circuit response is Over-damped.
When roots are a complex conjugate pair, the circuit response is labeled
Under-damped.
Connect the circuit in Figure 1. Measure the final value, VC(t=), and the initial
value, VC(t=0+), from the oscilloscope and record in the Data section. Also
measure the voltages VC(t=0.5 ms), VC(t=1.0 ms), and VC(t=2.0 ms) from the
oscilloscope and record in the Data section.
First determine and 0. Calculate the roots of the characteristic equation, S1, 2
and determine Vc(0), and Vc(), and d[Vc(0)]/dt. Calculate A1 and A2, and fill in
the Data Table for Figure 1 below:
0. N/A
S1, 2
Vc(0) N/A
d[Vc(0)]/dt
Vc()
A1 and A2,
Vc(0.5ms)
Vc(1ms)
Vc(2ms)
0 N/A
S1, 2, d
Vc(0) N/A
d[Vc(0)]/dt
Vc()
A1 and A2,
Vc(0.5ms)
Vc(1ms)
Vc(2ms)
V. CONCLUSIONS
I. INTRODUCTION
This laboratory is about studying resonance in RLC series and parallel circuits. This
experiment will be used to examine the sinusoidal frequency response of the series and
parallel to see at what frequency the current through an RLC series becomes or the
voltage across a parallel RLC circuit reaches maximum value. A network is in resonance
when the voltage and current at the network input terminals are in phase and the input
impedance of the network is purely resistive.
II. PRE-LAB
Do the ORCAD simulations of both RLC parallel and RLC series circuits.
Consider the Parallel RLC circuit of figure 1. The steady-state admittance offered by the
circuit is:
Y = 1/R + j( C 1/L)
Resonance occurs when the voltage and current at the input terminals are in phase. This
corresponds to a purely real admittance, so that the necessary condition is given by
C 1/L = 0
Figure 1
Set the Source on Channel A of the oscilloscope, and the voltage across the ca[pcitance on
Channel B of the oscilloscope.
Vary the frequency of the sine-wave on signal generator from 500Hz to 2 KHz in small steps,
until at a certain frequency the output of the circuit on Channel B, is maximum. This gives
the resonant frequency of the circuit.
f C R L Vo V(t) reading
500 Hz 0.01uF 1000 33mH
600 Hz 0.01uF 1000 33mH
700 0.01uF 1000 33mH
800 0.01uF 1000 33mH
900 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1000 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1100 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1200 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1300 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1400 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1500 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1600 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1700 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1800 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1900 0.01uF 1000 33mH
2000 0.01uF 1000 33mH
Repeat the experiment using for the series resonant circuitry in Figure 2, and use L = 33mH
and C = 0.01uF and R = 1 K. The Vo voltage on the resistor is proportional to the series
RLC circuit current.
Figure 2
f C R L Vo V(t) reading
500 Hz 0.01uF 1000 33mH
600 Hz 0.01uF 1000 33mH
700 0.01uF 1000 33mH
800 0.01uF 1000 33mH
900 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1000 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1100 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1200 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1300 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1400 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1500 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1600 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1700 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1800 0.01uF 1000 33mH
1900 0.01uF 1000 33mH
2000 0.01uF 1000 33mH
IV. CONCLUSIONS
Find the resonant frequency using equation given in the before and compare it to the
experimental value in both cases.
Plot the voltage response of the circuit and obtain the bandwidth from the half-power
frequencies using equation.
I. INTRODUCTION
Filters are also called frequency-selective circuits as they are able to filter some of the
input signals on the basis of frequency. They are categorized as passive or active filters
the former are making use of resistors, inductors and capacitors, while the latter are
making use of the OP-AMPs. The responses are obtained and plotted for both of.
II. PRE-LAB
Do the ORCAD simulations of Low Pass and High-Pass Filters shown below.
f Vi(t) Vo
10Hz Fixed
500Hz
1000 Hz
2000 Hz
3000 Hz
4000 Hz
5000 Hz
6000 Hz
7000 Hz
8000 Hz
9000 Hz
10000 Hz
f Vi(t) Vo
10Hz Fixed
500Hz
1000 Hz
2000 Hz
3000 Hz
4000 Hz
5000 Hz
6000 Hz
7000 Hz
8000 Hz
9000 Hz
10000 Hz
IV. CONCLUSIONS
Find the cutoff frequencies of both of the circuits; obtain the readings and using exel plot the
data of the above two to show they are working as LOWPASS and HIGHPASS filter.
Plot the voltage response of the circuit and obtain the bandwidth from the half-power
frequencies using equation.