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. 1


4 .............................................................................................

4 ....................................................................................................
5 .......................................................................................................
7 .........................................................................................................
7 ...............................................................................................................

7 ............................................................................................................
8 ............................................................................................................
8 ................................................................................................
11 ........................................................................

13 .................................................................................

13 ...........................................................................................................................
-1 13 ...........................................................................................
-2 16 ...............................................................................................
-3 16 .............................................................................................
19 .........................................................................
-4 21 ........................................................... wind turbine generator
-5 22 ................................................................................................

24 ........................................................... Rankine cycle

25 ...............................................................................
25 .............................................................................
28 .......................................................................

. 2



-6 31 .....................................................................................................
31 .......................................... Brayton cycle
34 ...................................
38 ................................. SCADA
39 ...................................................................................................
41 .................................................................................................
-7 42 ..........................................................................................................
-8 44 ...............................................................................................
45 .............................................................................................
47 ...................................................................................

49 ..............................................................................

57 ....................................................................................................

. 3


( )War of currents :



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figure1 Edison and Tesla war and

difference between ac and dc

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1878
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GE
Toshiba , Alstom, ANSALDO s.p.a Italy ,nem Holland, HITACHI

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figure2 basic idea of electricity generation

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Figure 3 stator and rotor of a generator Figure 4 Three phases 120

degree in stator slots

Figure 5 Diesel generator

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Figure 6 HVDC transmission system

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Figure 9 solar cells

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N-type .
P-type
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N-type
P-type
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Figure 10 solar cell internal structure

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Figure 11 solar panel complete system

. 19


( 3) phase angle .

. 20


-4 wind turbine generator

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2013



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figure 12 wind turbine components

. 21



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20 50 100
1000 ( 1.
Figure 13 Red sea wind Turbine farm
1)

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. 22



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(
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) ) generator
) ) Excitation process
3
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stator
rotor
.

Figure 13 Block diagram of steam turbine

. 23


Figure 14 Multi-stage steam turbine generator

Rankine cycle

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Figure 15 Rankine cycle for steam turbine
.

. 24


:
% 30

furnace
or boiler

100

.

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superheat steam
500.

Figure 16 steam power station main components

. 25


steam turbine

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HP IP
LP


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condenser

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Generator

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= 120

Wn r.p.m

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50 2
r.p.m 3000 4

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1500
wn 50
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Figure 17 synchronous generator

.
.

Figure 19 Types of generator cooling

Figure 18 Air cooled generator

. 27


Figure 20 Nameplate of Hydrogen cooled generator

50
3.4 .

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Figure 21 Hydrogen complete cooling system for generator

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30

Brayton cycle

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Figure 22 Brayton cycle curves

. 31


.1 1 2
compressor

Figure 23 Gas Turbine layout

.2 combustion

c.c 1000
.
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50 % 60
.
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570
.
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.3
500

.4

. 32



.5 compressor ratio
.
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.

Figure 23 Gas turbine with combined cycle , second figure show with and without combined cycle
efficiency

. 33


Figure 24 Demineralized water circuit

Figure 25 closed cooling circuit

. 34


Figure 26 Enclosure(compressor+c.c+turbine) ventilation circuit

Figure 27 fuel gas supply to combustion chamber ct

. 35


Figure 28 lube and lifting oil for shaft

figure 29 Hydraulic oil circuit

. 36


figure 30 complete overview of gas turbine circuits

figure 31 Air inlet overview

. 37



( (scada
......
.

SCADA
(SCADA): : ) ( :
) Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

.

. .1
.
.2
.
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Figure 31 scada system control room

. 38


: RTU (Remote
Terminal Unit),
Master station, , Master station
Operator Acquired data
.
Alarms
,
.

figure 32 scada simple structure

:
- Field level.
- RTUs.
- .
- Master Station.
- ..
RTU

. 39



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,
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Master Station
RTUs, ,

Figure 33 scada system illustrated

, .

Meaning of some scada parameter

IED An Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) is a term used in the electric power
industry to describe microprocessor-based controllers of power system equipment.
IEDs receive data from sensors and power equipment, and can issue control commands,

. 40



such as tripping circuit breakers if they sense
voltage, current, or frequency anomalies, or
raise/lower voltage levels in order to maintain
the desired level. Common types of IEDs
include protective relaying devices, On Load
Tap Changer controllers, circuit breaker
controllers, capacitor bank switches, recloser
controllers, voltage regulators etc.
RTU Units
RTU is a microprocessor-controlled
electronic device that interfaces objects in the
physical world to a distributed control
system or SCADA (supervisory control and data
acquisition) system by transmitting telemetry data
to a master system, and by using messages from
the master supervisory system to control
connected objects.
PLC connect to sensors in the process
and convert sensor signals to digital data and
Siemens plc s7 -300
execute program on it and write output to output
device . PLCs have more sophisticated
embedded control capabilities than RTUs .PLC Can be programmed with many languages
such as ladder logic, block diagram or written statement.

HISTORIAN is a software service which accumulates time-stamped data, Boolean events,

and Boolean alarms in a database which can be queried or used to populate graphic trends
in the HMI. The historian is a client that requests data from a data acquisition server.

. 6
. -
. -
. Operator -
- -

. 41


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Figure 34 Nuclear power plant in Czech Republic

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Figure 35 Nuclear power plant components

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. 43



1954
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Figure 36 Hydroelectric power dam :

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step voltage





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black out

blackout
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: Kwh ) (P

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Power Watt Q

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90.

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power factor

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= ( / P
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400 0.8
450 .0.9
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. 54


. 55


) (HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION

,
, cost ( voltage
)drop

, (
)corona 16 220
.

Power Transmitted =Voltage *Current

100 KW = 11KW * 9KA 9000 AMPERE IS a REALLY LARGE FOR WIRE TO CARRY

100 KW = 220KV * 0.45KA Now this ampere is can be carried by wire

Losses Power = I2 *R as I decrease power lost is decreased this is economically a good thing

. 56


-1

-2 50 60 100- 30

-3

-4

-5

-6

-7

-8

-9 220 10

-10 AC DC

-11

-12

crazyenginner2day@gmail.com

. 57