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CHAPTER 1A - Impact of Human On The Environment2013A PDF
CHAPTER 1A - Impact of Human On The Environment2013A PDF
BFC 32403
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
BFC 32403
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
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Introduction
Firman Allah
Berlakulah kerosakan (bencana) di
daratan dan di lautan oleh kerana usaha
manusia sendiri, sehingga Allah
menimpakan pada mereka sebahagian
azab daripada perbuatan mereka itu,
agar mereka kembali ke jalan yang
benar (bertaubat).
(Surah Ar Rum ayat 41)
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Environmental engineering is
manifest by sound engineering
thought and practice in the solution of
problems of environmental sanitation
(cleanliness), notably in the provision
of safe, palatable (pleasant), and
ample of environmental fields.
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Environmental Scientists and
Engineers
Environmental Science
Identify and quantify pollution problem
Environmental Engineering
Solve pollution problem
Environmental Scientist
1. Evaluate source and nature of pollution problem
2. Evaluate environmental impact
Environmental Engineer
1. Evaluate possible solutions
2. Design, build and operate pollution control systems
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO THE EMERGENCE
OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
AIR
SOILS WATER
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
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Human Activities = Impacts
Ozone depletion
Global warming
Loss of
Air ,water & land biodiversity
pollution
Population increase
Resource depletion Economic growth
WHAT IS GLOBAL CHANGE ?
Global change includes
natural and human- induced
changes in the Earth's
environment .
Global change can be
defined as changes in the
global environment
(including alterations in
climate, land productivity,
oceans or other water
resources, atmospheric
chemistry, and ecological
systems) that may alter the
capacity of the Earth to
sustain life.
Human Population Growth
Population growth is the
central cause of the
environmental crisis.
It also depends on the
nature and degree of
industrialization.
The worlds population
presently grows by about
250,000 people per day.
Latest official current world
population estimate, for
mid-year 2011, is estimated
at 6,928,198,253.
Year Population 1960 3 billion
1 200 million 1965 3.3 billion
1000 275 million 1970 3.7 billion
1975 4 billion
1500 450 million
1980 4.5 billion
1650 500 million
1985 4.85 billion
1750 700 million 1990 5.3 billion
1804 1 billion 1995 5.7 billion
1850 1.2 billion 1999 6 billion
1900 1.6 billion 2006 6.5 billion
2009 6.8 billion
1927 2 billion
2011 7 billion
1950 2.55 billion
2025 8 billion
1955 2.8 billion
2043 9 billion
1960 3 billion 2083 10 billion
Over-population leads to:
Resource
depletion
Resource
degradation
Pollution
Loss of
biodiversity
Impact of Over Population
Environmental Pollution
Pollution : A Silent Killer
People are exposed to harmful
pollutants in the air they breathe, the
liquids they drink, the food they eat,
the surface they touch, and the
products they use.
Industrial Effluents
Mining and Agricultural
Wastes
Agricultural pesticides,
fertilizers and
herbicides
Sewage Disposal and
Domestic Wastes
Impact of Water Pollution
Nutrient loading may lead to
eutrophication .
Organic wastes cause oxygen depletion.
Industrial discharges contain heavy
metals , organic toxins, oils, nutrients, and
solids.
Discharges from power stations can also
have thermal effects, and these too reduce
the available oxygen.
Impact of Water Pollution
Heavy metals cause immune suppression,
reproductive failure or acute poisoning.
Organic pollutants deplete DO and mass
fish-kills.
Suspended particles reduce quality of
drinking water, amount of light penetration
and growth of photosynthetic plants and
microorganisms.
Risk to swim, drink in polluted lake?
SIGNPOST WARNING :
Lake water contains
high level of arsenic.
Public is strongly
advised not to fish,
swim and bathe in the
lake or to use lake
water for drinking or
other purposes
(Lembaga Sumber Air dan Persekitaran
Sarawak)
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AIR POLLUTION
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Causes of Air Pollution
Anthropogenic (man-made) sources:
Stationary Sources include smoke stacks of power plants,
manufacturing facilities (factories) and waste incinerators, as well
as furnaces and other types of fuel-burning heating devices. In
developing and poor countries, traditional biomass burning is the
major source of air pollutants; traditional biomass includes wood,
crop waste and dung.
Mobile Sources include motor vehicles
Chemicals, dust and controlled burned practices in
agriculture and forest management.
Fumes from paint, hair spray, varnish, aerosol spray and other
solvents
Waste deposition in landfills, which generate methane.
Military resources, such as nuclear weapons, toxic gases, germ
warfare and rockets
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Causes of Air Pollution
Natural sources:
Dust from natural sources, usually large areas of land with few or no
vegetation
Methane emitted by the digestion of food by animals, for example
cattle
Radon gas from radioactive decay within the Earths crust. Radon is
a colorless, odorless, naturally occurring, radioactive noble gas that
is formed from the decay of radium. It is considered to be a health
hazard. Radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in
buildings, especially in confined areas such as the basement and it
is the second most frequent cause of lung cancer, after cigarette
smoking.
Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires
Volcanic activity, which produces sulfur, chlorine, and ash
particulates
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Heat - trapping gases -Greenhouse gases
(GHGs)
Green House Gases
Carbon Dioxide Nitrous oxide
GHGs
Methane
Chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC) (e.g. Freon) Halons (halocarbons)
A refrigerant Fire-extinguisher
Greenhouse Gases..
One of the first things scientists learned is that there are
several greenhouse gases responsible for warming, and
humans emit them in a variety of ways.
Most come from the combustion of fossil fuels in cars,
factories and electricity production. The gas
responsible for the most warming is carbon dioxide,
CO2.
Other contributors include methane released from
landfills and agriculture (especially from the digestive
systems of grazing animals), nitrous oxide from
fertilizers, gases used for refrigeration and industrial
processes, and the loss of forests that would otherwise
store CO2.
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Green House Gases
Different greenhouse gases have very different heat-
trapping abilities.
Some of them can even trap more heat than CO2. A
molecule of methane produces more than 20 times the
warming of a molecule of CO2.
Nitrous oxide is 300 times more powerful than CO2.
Other gases, such as chlorofluorocarbons (which have
been banned in much of the world because they also
degrade the ozone layer), have heat-trapping potential
thousands of times greater than CO2. But because
their concentrations are much lower than CO2, none of
these gases adds as much warmth to the atmosphere as
CO2 does.
Heat trapping cause GLOBAL WARMING!!!!!!!!
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Global Warming
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Acid Rain
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Acid Rain
Impact of Acid Rain on the Environment
Trees killed by acid rain in Acid rain had also impacted Taj
Republic Czech Mahal, the historical grand
monument
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Health Effects of Pollution-Overview
GREEN PEACE
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GREENPEACE
Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization with
offices in over forty countries and with an international coordinating
body in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Greenpeace states its goal is to "ensure the ability of the Earth to
nurture life in all its diversity and focuses its campaigning on world
wide issues such as global
warming, deforestation, overfishing, commercial whaling, genetic
engineering, and anti-nuclearissues.
Greenpeace uses direct action, lobbying and research to achieve its
goals.
The global organization does not accept funding from governments,
corporations or political parties, relying on 2.9 million individual
supporters and foundation grants.
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High cancer
rates in Malaysia
Almost 20% of the population
would suffer from at least one
form of cancer, the first
National Cancer Registry
report revealed today.
Probably due to:
Contaminated food & water
Polluted environment
Lifestyle
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END
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