Impulsive effect of differentia equations

The impulsive effects exist widely in

many evolution processes in which the states are changed
abruptly at certain moments of time, involving fields such
as finance, economics, mechanics, electronics, and telecommunications (see [14]
and references of therein). Impulsive
differential systems have emerged as an important area investigation in applied
sciences, and many papers have been published about the controllability of impul
sive differential systems both in finite and infinite dimensional space. Sakthiv
el
et al. [15] established the sufficient conditions for approximate
controllability of nonlinear impulsive differential systems by
Schauder s fixed point theorem; Li et al. [16] investigated
the complete controllability of the first-order impulsive functional differentia
l systems in Banach space using Schaefer s
fixed point theorem; Chang [17] studied the complete controllability of impulsiv
e functional differential equations.