1

Nn(lmg)=~shitahougaii

("hougaii"=theohng~thtt="nn")

Michinimayottarajimotonohitonikiitahgaiidesuyo.

Nubnlcngthnnhingisng.

Ch : phin m theo hiragana l hou nhng do cch c ging hoo nn phin m theo Google s
thnh h. Bn cn tham kho cchchiraganabitcchvitng.Tngt,cphinml
nhngdoSaromaLangkhngthchlmnnsalilii.

Khngnn(lmg)=~shinaihougaii

("hougaii"=theohng~thtt="nn")

amedakaragaishutsushinaihgayo.Densengaochitekuruosoregaaruyo.

Triangmatonnkhngnnirangoiu.Cthdyinrixung.

Thcnhn=(vicA)suruyorimo,mushiro(vicBtthn)shitahougaii

(~yorimo=cnhnl...,mushiro...=thth...cnhn)

Jiywoubawareruyorimo,mushiroshindahga.

Thchtcnhnlbtcottdo.

Thono(chvictrcykhnghiuhaythylnhngsaubitcnnguyn)

Douride~

douri(ol)lll,nguynnhncasvtdouride=thono

Dridekarewanigedashita.(Karewahan'nindakara.)
 2
Thonoanhtachytrn.(Anhtalthphm.)

Lno,khnglno=Masaka~dewanaideshouka(dngsungs:dewanaidarouka)

masa=ng,chnhlmasaka=nghaykhng,lno

Kan no gun no naka ni son'nani Sojin ga iru no wa, masaka So no chi wa Kan no gun ni ochiitta node
wanaidarouka.

TrongqunHncnhiungiSnhvy,clnotcaSrivotayHnqun?

Masakasamawakorosaretaka.

Lnonhvuabgit?

Chthi.=~dake/Tada~dakedesu

(dake=ch~thi,tada=ch)

Nhnvin:Qukhchtmg?

Khch:Tichxemthi.

Khngphitiithildomunhcihc.Tichosccamnhthi.

chl

(nhnmnh)

(tada=ch,sugiru=vtqu,~nisuginai=khngvtqu~)

Cucichlgicmng.

chlsvuichi.
 3
Ch l "~ ni suginai" khc vi "~dake"trn,"~nisuginai"l"chl"(dinthaichth,tcldngvi
hai danh t sosnhvinhau)cn"~dake"l"ch~thi",cthdngchochnhng(chlmgthi)
haydanht("tichlhcsinhthi").

Khngphil

(wake="ngha","ngha","nghal""wakedewanai"="khngphil")

Khngphilphngphpcaanhlsai.Ciunudngphngphpthsrtmtthigian.

nh(lmg)

(tsumori=nh,"surutsumori"=nhlmg)

TinhhctingNht.

tng

(~takotogaaru="tng")

Titngsnglangthang.

Cth(lmg)(dintschophp)

Anhcthhtthucl.

Khngc(lmg)(khngchophp)

(~shitewaikemasen,"ikenai"="khngc")

Khngcncynmny.Nccy.

Timun(lmg)
 4

("shitai" = mun lm, v d: nomitai = mun ung cch chia: ng t chia hng "i" + "tai" vi ng t5
on,cnngt1onthchthm"tai"nh"tabetai=munn").

Timuniduhc.

Timunnscla.

Qu

("sugiru"=iqu,vtqu,qu)

yqunng.

Anhtaqutrtro.

=trtro

Anhtaqutay.

Anhtaquli.

Saukhi

(ngtdng"te"+kara,"tekara"=saukhilmxongvicgthslmgkhc)

Xinng

Xinngdmchnlnc.
 5
Ckhng(clmgkhng)

("~masenka"dngrailmg)

Anhcungbiakhng?

Chngta(lmg)i!(rr)

("~mashou":"Chngtahy~","(lmg)i!",dngrr)

Chngtaidocngvini.

Chatng

AnhtngnSingaporecha?

Cha,tichatngn.

Xinhy(yucu)

("kudasai"="xinhy)

Xinhymuavtrckhivo.

Thch(lmg)

(suki=thch)

Tithchcsch.

Tiphi(lmg)
 6

(nitt)

Lhiutrngnntiphintrng.

Tiphinucm!

aHmnaylhncuinntiphitrschchothvin.

11

11girinntiphiich.

Cll

(trangtrng)

(khngtrangtrng)

("darou"v"deshou"chxcsut,khnngcaomtvicg)

Hmnayclsptri.

Anhtaclbhc.

NhiungiSnhvytrongHnqunnnclltcaSrivotayHnqunri.

Lcthlcth

(~ tari ~ tari: lc th lm vic ny lc th lm vic kia "uttattari naitari suru"="lcthht,lcthkhc",dng

vingtqukh)

Anhylcthlmthmqunn,lcthbnhngtrnugikimtinsinhsng.
 7
Biv(nguynnhn),Tiv,Do

(v,do)

(ti)

(v)

(do,v)

Vbcmmkhnginngthtngoitric.

Domanntmtrngbunb.

Vtriangmanntiquytnhnghhc.

Vbnnntikhngthicu.

Vmatonntrnubhy.

i(lmg)

(~shini=~(lmg),"iku"=i)

Batisngnayicucri.

Gii,hay

(jouzu = gii, t ny vit bi ch kanji "thng th" ch l cch din t m bng kanji "umai" = "gii",
"ngon")

Anhyvitchkanjirtgii.
 8

Cyhthay.

Bnbigiinh.

d,km

TitingNhtdlm.

(trngmngphptingNhtN5)

Ngheni

(v cu + "souda"/"soudesu"nghal"Ngheni~"chlphilvcu.Vd:"Karewagakuseidasou
desu" ch khng phi l "Kare wa gakusei sou desu", cng khng th dng "Kare wa gakusei desu sou
desu"). Cn phn bit vi "~ shisou" l c v nh sp lm g: "Ame ga furisou" = "C v tri sp ma",
"Karewakanashisoudesu"="Anhycvaukhlm".

Nghenianhtalnhnvtquantrng.

Theodbothititnghenihmnaycbo.

Th(lmg)

(miru="xem",y"shitemiru"l"lmgthxemthno")

TithhctingNht.

Timcthcionyckhng?

 9
Tchnithtthi.Bnthhinxem!

Nu(lmg)

(ginh)

(ginh)

(ginhvicgxyra)

("nara"lginhchungthinvgithit,"~ba"lnulmgthtnglai,cn"~tara"lginh

nulmgtrongqukh,tuynhinldnglnthhunhcngkhngsao.)

Nuconmunvoihcthhchnhi.

Nubnimuathmuagimtruyntranhnh.

NuiduhcthnnhcgiitingAnh.

Tislmthmtln.Nukhngcthtisb.

Nutrthnhngidumcthcucsngstdonhngno?

Mi(thigian)lmgmyln

[Thigian]ni[myln]kai

("ni"=trong(baolu),"kai"="ln"chsln,tnsutlmvicg)

Timttunileoni2ln.

Munc

("hoshii"=munc,munshug)

 10
Timuncxehi.

Timunctin.

(Phnbitvi:"~surunogasukidesu"l"munLMg")

Cvmun,mun(lmvicg,chdngchongith3)

(Dng cho ngi th 3 v ngi nikhngthbitngikiamung,mchquanstthyngi"cv"

mun lm g. "~ shitai" khng th dng cho ngi th 3 m phi dng "~ shitagaru" nhng thc ra dng "~
shitai"chongith3thnginghevnhiunhngkhngngngphptingNhtlm.)

Nmunchitrchi.

Nmuntin.

Cth(chxcsut,khnngvicgxyra)

(shiru=bit,shirenai=khngthbit,kamoshirenai=haykhngcngkhngthbit)

(Ch:xcsutxyraylkhong50%)

Anhtacthanglhcsinh.

Ngymaitricthsma.

Bnthy(lmg)thno?

(~shitara=nulm~,dou=thno)

Nutrtkthiihcthtchngbitsnnlmgna.

Cuthyhclitcxithno?
 11
Nhng(chslng)

[slng]

("mo"chsnhiuvslng:"nhngvingnngi","nhngmytn",...)

Hmnaylmtngyttlnh.Ticucconcnhng2mt.

Vinghvch,nhngmyngnngittpqungtrng.

Chc,ch

(shika = "ch c", ch dng vi ph nh pha sau, c th b gin lc khi ni chuyn, v d cu "5 sen en
shika..."="Tichc5ngnyn...")

samcchcct.

Tichmangc5ngnyn.

Lmsn(lmgsn)

("oku"l"t,","~shiteoku"llmgsny)

clptchamtidnhtinsn.

Cvnh

(cvnhcmthy)

(cvnhccncnhngheaini)

(cvnhvmtthgic)

("you" = dng, v cm nhn thy "rashii"=nhiukhnngvicncnhngheaini"mitai"=cv,v

mttrcgictgc"miru"nghal"nhn)

Cvngyvhuri.Tivagpbnngyxong.
 12

Cvanhtaangngoitnh.Hnhngkhnghilm.

Cvvama.ngangt.

Nhsp,cvsp,cv

(~shisou:Nhsplmgtini)

Anhtacvspphsn.

Anhtacvsphnhxbolc.

Cynhnanhynhspbtukhc.

mt(llmgmt),trt(lmg)

(shimau=cti,ychsvicglxyrasdng"shiteshimau",thngdng"shiteshimatta")

Tilnhmtchakhoa.

Titrtngmt.

Mangkhcnghitmkhngccithchtcngmt.

Lraphi,ngraphi(chsticnui)

LratiphihcgiitingNht.
 13

Lraphiichsntsng.Gicbonnchngiuc.

Gim(lmg)(chsticnui)

("noni"="~m","~ba"lchnulmg)

GimtihcgiitingNht.

Gimtiichsntsng.Gicbonnchngiuc.

Maym(lmg)

(cvicgxyra,vvictt(yokatta))

Maymtigpanh.

Maymthiuihc.

Vava

("shinagara"=anglmg)

ngyvaxemtivivancm.

Cyvakhcvaklicnhngbnthn.

Chcchnl,chcchn

(hazu=chcchn,khngthkhcc)
 14

Anhtachcchnlngigiu.Tithymuasmrthophng.

Anhychcchnlmri.Vanhyhanhiulnri.

Chod,d

(chod)

(chodaiclmg)

(trcldanht)

(trclmtvcu,chginh)

Dtricmativnsi.

Chodchamphnitivnbhcihc.

Chodkhkhntivncgnglmth.

tingnht

CnghcngphpN3tun1ngythnht

C3muV (Vreteiru)
V (Vreta)v
V (Vsetekudasai)
I. V

()
(Vreru)(ukemi)hng i trc masu chuyn sang hng a. B masu
thmreru.
Khicpnthctmkhngcchngththngdngthbng.
Vd
1.=()
<Konohonniwakuwashiisetsumeiwakakareteimasen=hisshagakaiteinai>
Thereisnodetailedexplanationinthisbook.
Khngcgiithchchitittrongcunschny.
2=(
 15
<Nyuugakushikiwakonohoorudeokonawaremasu>
Theentranceceremonywilltakeplaceinthishall.
Lnhphcsdinratihitrngny.
3

<Kore wa sekai de ichiban ookii daiyamondo(diamond) da to iwarete imasu =

darekagaitteiru>
Thisisbelievedtobethebiggestdiamondintheworld.
Vinkimcngnycchollnnhtthgii.
4
<Mukashi wa sono kangae ga tadashii to omowarete ita mukashi no hito wa
omotteita>
Suchanideausedtobeconsideredcorrect.
Tngyxa,suynghccholchnhxc.
II.(N)V


(NniVreru)
Ch ra 1 tnh hung kh khn, lng tng, bi ri do ci g emli.HaygpV
(Vreteshimatta)

Vd
1. <Tomodachi no akachan wo
dakkoshitaranakareteshimatta>
WhenIheldmyfriend'sbaby,itcried.
Khitimlyaconcabnti,nkhc.
2.<Amenifuraretefukuganureteshimatta>
Myclothesgotsoakedintherain.
Gpmannthtquno.
3.
<Chichinishinaretedaigakuwotsudukerarenakunarimashita>
Icouldn'tcontinuemyuniversityeducationaftermyfatherdied.
Saukhichatiquai,tikhngthtiptcvictheohcihc.
 16
III.
V

(Vsetekudasai)
Sdngkhixinphpngikhcvhnhngcamnh.
C th gp cc dng V() / / ? (V(sa) sete
kudasai/moraemasuka/moraemasenka)
Vd
1. <Chotto kibun ga warui node,
hayakukaerasetekudasai>
SinceIamnotfeelingverywell,couldIgohomeearly?
Ticmthykhngkhennticthvsmckhng?
2. <Anata no kaisha no hanashi wo kikasete
kudasai>
Pleasetellmeaboutyourcompany.
Kchomnhnghechuynvcngtycui.
3.<Tewoarawasetekudasai>
CouldIwashmyhands?
Ticthrataykhng?
Bitp
Bi1:

1.a.b.
2.(a.b.)
3.a.b.
4.a.b.
5.a.b
Bi2:

6.
a.
b.
c.
d.4
 17
7.
a.
b.
c.
d.

CnghcngphpN3Tun1:Ngyth2
C3muV (Vnaito)V
(Vchatta)V
(Vtoku)

I.V (
Vnaito)v
V

(Vnakucha)
y l cch ni ngn gn ca V (Vnai toikenai)vV
(Vnakerebanaranai).
Vd
1.1

=
<Shikenmadeikkagetsuda.Ganbattebenkyoushinaito>=<Benkyoushinakereba
naranai>
Thereisonlyonemonthtogobeforetheexam.Imustconcentrateonmystudy.
nlcthichcn1thngna.Mnhphitptrungvovichctp.
II.V (Vchatta)
:
ylcchningngncaVteshimatta.
Cchchia:
V(Vteshimau)V(Vchau)
V(Vdeshimau)V(Vjau)
Chnghnnh
(shiteshimau)>(shichau)
(kiteshimau)>(kichau)
(kaetteshimau)>(kaetchau)
(nondeshimau)>(nonjau)
(tabeteshimau)>(tabechau)
Vd
1.(=)
 18
<Moshi moshi, sumimasen. Kuruma ga konjatte.... sukoshi okuremasu> = Konde
shimatta
Hello,thetrafficisbad...I'llbealittlelate.
Ny,xinlicu.angktxennmnhsnmun1cht
III.V (Vtoku)
:
LcchningngncaV(Vteoku)
Cchchia:
V(Vteoku)>V(Vtoku)
V>V(Vdoku)
V(Vteokanai)>V(Vtokanai)
Vd
1.?(=?)
<Kore,sentakushitoite>=<sentakushiteoite>
Canyouwashthis?
Emcthgitcinykhng?
Bitp
Bi1:

1.a.b.
2. (a. b.
)
3.a.b.
4.a.b.
5.a.b
Bi2:

6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
7.
 19
a.
b.
c.
d.

CnghcngphpN3Tun1:Ngyth3
Cccmu (~mitai)
(~rashii)
(~ppoi)

I.Mu~ (~mitai)

Mu ny s dng ni iu g trng ging nh ci g khc. Bn ng nhm
munyvit nh.
(mitai)munxem
Cu trc ng php: ~(~mitai) thng i sau ng t, danh t v tnh t (
cav(futsuukeiththngthng)rinh).
C3cchdngy:
(+)ngcuicu:(mitaida)
(++)nggiacu,sdngnh1trt:~(~mitaini)
(+++)nggiacu,sdngnh1tnhtui(Ana).
Tt nhin trong trng hp ny i sau n s l 1 danh t:N(~mitaina
N)
Nithlngnhng,nhngxemvdshiurhn
1.
(=)

<
Mouurikiremitai=(Mouurikirenoyouda)
>
Lookslikeit'ssoldoutalready.
Hnhnhncbnht.
2.


(=~)
<Vnchanmitaininihongogaumakunaritai.(=Vnchannoyouni~)>
IwishIcouldspeakJapaneselikeVnchan.
TimunticthnitingNhtgiinhVn.
3.
(=~)

<Kokonosunawahoshimitainakatachiwoshiteiru.(=hoshinoyouna~)>
 20

Thegrainsofsandinthisareaisstarshaped.
Nhnghtctychnhngisao.
II.Mu~ (~rashii)

Dngtrnhbyssuyontnhngiunhnthyhocnghethy.
Cu trc ng php: ~ (rashii) thng i sau ng t, danh t v tnh t
cav(futsuukei).
HaygpnhtlN(Nrashii).
Vd
1.

<Kyouwaharurashiiatatakaihideshita.(=hontouniharutokanjiru)>
Todaywasaverywarmandspringlikeday.
Hmnaylmtngyrtmpvgingnhmaxun.
2.


()
<Watashi wa josei rashii youfuku wa amari kinai. (= Minna ga josei no fuku da to
kanjiru)>
Idon'twearmanyfeminineclothes.
Tikhnghaymcnhngbqunontnh.
III.Mu~ (~ppoi)

(+) Mang ngha cm thy nh l ~ Thy nh l .... Nhng (~ppoi) hay
dngchongihnvchdngtrongvnni.
Hay gp nht l (kodomoppoi)(onnappoi) v
(otokoppoi).
Trng hp ny th (~ppoi) i sau danh t hoc tnhtui(Ai)ib
(i)iri.
(+)ikhi(~ppoi)dngdintcigdlmhocthngxyra.
Lc,ngtthVmasubmasuivthm(~ppoi)vongsau.
Vd:
1.
()

 21
<Anoshougakuseiwaotonappoi.(=otonamitaida)>
Thatchild(primaryschoolstudent)actsveryadultlike.
Emhcsinhtiuhckiatrngrtngiln.
2.
(
<Konoryouriwaaburappokuteiyada(=Aburagaooikanjigashite)>
Idon'tlikethisdish.Itistoogreasy.
Tikhngthchmnnny,ncqunhiudu.
Bitp
Bi1:

1.a.b.
2.(a.b.)
3.a.b.
4.a. b.

5.a. b

Bi2:

6.
a.b.c.d.
7.
a.b.c.d.

CnghcngphpN3Tun1:Ngyth4
3cchsdngcamucu (~youni...)

I.Mu (~younisuru)=Cgng

* Mu ny khi kt hp vi ng t nguyn mu v ph nh vnttcsdng
biu th vic c gng, rng sc lm hoc khng lm hnh ng mang tnh
lintchocthiquen.Trongmunyccngtcchcsdng.
* Thng dng vi cc ph t nh (dekiru dake)(kanarazu)
 22
(zettaini)
* ~ (~you ni shite kudasai): Dng trong trng hp nh hay
khuyn ai 1 cch mm mng hy c gng lm V hoc ng qun lm V. Hnh
ng V mang tnh cht nhiu ln ch khoong phi ch 1 ln (nu ch 1 ln s s
dngmuVVtekudasai).
Vd
:
1.
(=)

Wasuremono wo shinai you ni shimashou (= wasuremono wo shinai doryoku wo
shimashou)
Trynottoleavethingbehind.
Cgng
khngqun
2..(=)
Maishokugo, ha wo migaku you ni shite imasu. (= ha wo migaku doryoku wo shite
imasu)
Itrytobrushmyteethaftermeals.
Ti
cgng
nhrngcatisauban.
* Cng c th s dng trong trng hp ch nh v 1 ln nhng vic nh v
khngphilbygimltnglai.
Vd:
8 (Ashita no asa, 8ji ni kuru you ni shite
kudasai):8gisngmainy!
* V ~ (~you ni shite kudasai) mang tnhchtnh1likhuynm
i hi s n lc nn ngi ni tr thnh ngi ng gc ch th. Dohc
sinhkhngcsdngvigiovin,cpdikhngdngvicptrn.
II.MuV1 V2(V1youniV2)=nhmmcchcho

V1 c th l ccngtthkhnng,cctngt,ccngtnh
(wakarimasu)(Arimasu )(narimasu) nguyn mu hocphnh
vn tt. Mu ny biu th 1 hnh vi c thc nhm thc hin 1 mc tiu hay mc
chno.V1chtrngthimctiumuntc,cnV2lhnhngnlc
 23
haysnhvtcmcch.
Vd
:
1.


(=)
Minna ni kikoeru you ni motto ookina koe de hanashite kudasai (=kikoenai to
komarukara)
Pleasespeakloudersoeveryonecanhearyou.
Xinvuilngnitohnmingicthnghebn
2.


()
Wawurenaiyouni,techounikaiteokou(=wasurerutokomarukara)
IwillwriteitdowninmydatebooksothatIwon'tforget.
khngquntisghilintrongstaycati.
* Ch : ViccngtV1cchnh(kau)(hataraku)...thtasdng
vi~(~tameni)
III.MuV (Vyouninarimashita)

Dng biu th s thay i v trng thi ca ng t. T trng thi khng th V
thnhcthV.
ViVlngtthhinkhnng,cavthtin.
*Nugpcuhithcutrlisl:
,lsai)
hoc,lsai)
* Vi cc ng t m bn cht canbiuthsbininh
thkhngsdngtrongcutrcny.
Vd
:
1.




Kokonodenkiwahitogatoorutotsukuyouninatteimasu.
Thislightgoesonwheneversomeonepassedby.
Cinnytbtsngbtckhinocaiingangqua.
Bitp
Bi1:

 24
1.a.b.
2.(a.b.)
3.a. b.

4.a.b.
5.a. b

Bi2:

6.
a.b.c.d.
7.

a.b.c.d.

CnghcngphpN3Tun1:Ngyth5
Hmnayvnltiptcvimu (~youni...).

Cc bn ng vi nn nha, v c rt nhiu sc thi khc nhau khi mnhdngcch
nivi(~youni...).
I.Mu
N(no)
h
oc
V(futsuukei)
+

(~youni...)
c s dng khi gii thiu 1 s gii thch, chng hn nh l ~ (zu no
youni...:theonhs
Vd
1.


(=)
Minnasama gozonji no you ni, shiken no naiyou ga kawarimashita. (= Shitte iru
naiyoutoonajide)
Asyouareaware,thecontentoftheexamwillchange.
Nhccbnbit,nidungcakthisthayi.
2.
(

)
 25
Koko ni kaite aru you ni, kondo no mokuyoubi, jugyou wa gozenchuu dake desu.
(=Kaitearunaiyoutoonajide)
Asiswrittenhere,therewillbemorningclassesonlynextThursday.
Nhcvity,th5tichhcnguynbuisng
3.


.()
Mae ni ohanashishita you ni, rainen kara jugyouryouganeagarishimasu.(=Mae
nihanashitanaiyoutoonajide)
AsIinformedyouearlier,thetuitionfeeswillgoupnextyear.
Nhtithngbohmtrc,hcphstngvonmti.
II.Mu
V(Vru)
h
oc
V(Vnai)
+

(~youni...)
Dngthhinmnhlnh,yucu1cchnhnhng.
.
Cc bn cn nh hm trc mu (~you ni suru),Saycngcniqua
ri. Mu (~you ni shite kudasai) cng l 1 cch ni thuc v mu
angcgiithiuny
Vd
1.
(
)
Ashitawamottohayakukuruyouni.
Pleasecomemuchearliertomorrow.
Ngymainhnsm.
2
(=)

Kokode,tabakowosuwanaiyouni.(=suwanaidekudasai)
Pleasedonotsmokehere.
Vuilngkhnghtthucy.
III.
V(Vmasu)/ V(Vmasen)/ V(Vremasu) + (~you ni. . .)
dngdintmongckhtvngcvngnguynvngkhaokht.
Chng hn nh l (kachimasuyouni)(katemasuyou
ni)(makemasenyouni)
Vd
1.
()

 26
Goukakushimasuyouni.(=goukakusurukotowonozondeimasu)
IhopeIwillpasstheexam.
Tihyvngtisvtquakthi.
2



Hahanobyoukiganaorimasuyouni(=naorukotowonozondeimasu)
Ihopemymotherwillgetbettersoon.
Mnhhyvngmssmkhibnh.
3


)
Infuruenza(nfluenza)nikakarimasenyouni.(=kakaranaikotowonozondeimasu)
IhopeIwon'tgettheflu.
Tihyvngtiskhngbcm.
Bitp
Bi1
:
1.a.b.
2.(a.b.)
3.a.b.
4.a.b.

5.a. b

Bi2:

6.
a.b.c.d.
7.
a.b.c.d.

CnghcngphpN3Tun1:Ngyth6
I.Cutrc:
V
(Vyoutoomou)
Vi ng t V c chia th (ikoukei)th hng). Cn cch chia th
 27
nynhthnothbnthamkhongphpbi31nh.
Mu ny din t quyt nh, ch hoc k hoch ca ngi ni, quyt nh c
ttrcvbygivngiquytnh.Thnghaygpchiath
(omotteimasu)Tiangnghl~
Vd
1.
.()
Jikangaareba,ryokouwoshiyoutoomotteimasu.(=ryokousurutsumoridesu)
Numcthigianthtidnhsidulch.
2.

.
Nihondeshigotowomitsukeyoutomotteimasu.
TidnhlstmvictiNhtBn.
3.
.

Gaikokudebenkyoushiyoutoomotteimasu.
Tidnhlshctptincngoi.
II.Cutrc:
V
(Vyoutosuru)
Dintvickhibtulmhnhng1thchnhng2xyra.
Vd
1.
(=

)
Denshaninoroutoshitatokini,doorgashimattenorenakatta.
Lcangnhbclntuinthcnhcangspli,lmtkhnglnc.
2.


(=)
A,pochiga,anatanokutsuwokamoutoshiteiruyo.
,cvnhPochimuncngiycabn.
(Pochiltnconchthui)
III.Cutrc:
V
(Vyoutoshinai)
Dintvickhngmongmunlmg.
Vd

(=)

Karewajibunnokotowananimoioutoshinai.
 28
ngykhngcnhnivchnhmnh.

CnghcngphpN3Bitnghpsautun1
Thigian:25pht
Thangim:4im/1cu
1( 12

130()
123
4
2()
1234

3()
1234

4()
1234
5()
1234
6()
1234

7()
123
4
8()
1234

 29
9()
123
4
10()
1234

11()
1234
12()
1234

13()
1234

14()
1234

15()
123
4
2

12

16


1234

17

1234

 30
18

1234

19


1234

20

1234

3212512

21)
22)
23)
24)

25)

21.1.2
34

22.1.2
34
23.1.234

24. 1.234
 31

25.1. 234

CnghcngphpN3Tun2:Ngyth1
I.Cutrc
~
(~bakari)
Dngtrnhbyslng,slnrtnhiu.Cngharng
Ch...
.
Chngtacthgpccdngsau:
N/V(N/Vtebakari)
N/V(N/Vtebakarida)
N/VN1(N/VtebakarinoN1)
N/V((N/Vtebakaride))
V(Vtebakariiru)
Vd:
1.


(=)
Konomisenookyasanwajoseibakaridesune.(=joseidake)
Khchcacahngnychcngiinh.
2.




Otoutowaterebiwomitebakariiru.(=Itsumoterebidakemiteiru)
Emtraitidnhtonbthigiancamnhxemtivi.
3.

(

Musukowashigotomoshinaideasondebakariiru.
Contraitikhnglmvicmchcchia.
II.Cutrc
N~
(Ndakeshika~nai)
Dng nhnmnhchcthocngoirakhngccikhc.Cnghal
Ch...,
Chc...
Vd
1.


(

Konokonsaatowakaiindakeshikahairemasen(=Kaiindakehaireru)
 32
Buihanhcnychccchivinmivoc.
2.




Kyouwaokyakusamagahitorishikakimasendeshita.
Hmnaychc1khchhngnthi
:(
III.Cutrc (~sae/~desae)

Dngdintmunni:
Ngayc,nc
Trongtrnghpnythcctrt(ga)v(wo)slcbi
Vd:
1.


(=)
Hiraganasaekakenaindesukara,kanjinantekakemasen.(=hiraganamo)
V ngay c ch Hiragana ti cn khng vit ni th khng th vit c nhng th
nhlchHn.
2.



Sonnakoto,kodomodesaeshitteiru.(=Kodomodemo)
iuthngaycatrconcngbit.
IV.Cutrc (~koso/~karakoso)
/
Thngdngnhnmnh.Mangngha
Chnhl...,Thcsl...
Thnggp:
<N>+(N+koso)
<V, A, A, N> + (th thng thng ca V, Ai,Ana,N+kara
koso)
Vd:
1.


(=)
Ashitakorobenkyousuruzo.(=Ashitawakitto)
Tichcchnshcvongymai.
2.


)
Aijougaarukarakoso,shikarundesu(=hontouniarukara)
Chnh v thng cho nn mi mng (kiu "Yu cho roi cho vt" ca dn Vit mnh
hayniy)
 33
Bitp
Bi1
:
1.a.b.
2.(a.b.)
3.a.b.
4.a. b.

5.a.b
Bi2
:
6.
a.b.c.d.
7.
a.b.c.d.

CnghcngphpN3Tun2:Ngyth2
I. Mu
~ N (~ni kanshite (wa)/~ni
kanshitemo/~nikansuruN)
ngha:Vvn....,Linquanti.....
Cutrc:(Danhtnikanshite)
[]([bun]nonikanshite)
Vd:
1.


()
Konomondainikanshite,goikenarimasenka?(=Konomondainikankeishite)
Linquantivnny,aickingkhng?
II. Mu
N (~ni tsuite
(wa)/~nitsuki/~nitsuitemo/~nitsuitenoN)
ngha:V...~
Cutrc(Danhtnitsuite)
Vd:
 34
1.



Nihonnokeizainitsuitekenkyuushiteimasu.
angnghincuvnnkinhtcaNhtBn.
III.Mu (~niyoruto/~niyoreba)

ngha:Cncvo...,datrn.....
Cutrc:(Danhtniyoruto)
Vd
1.



Kesa no shinbun ni yoru to, rainendo futatsu no daigaku ga shinsetsu sareru sou
da.
Da vo tin tc bo sng nay, nghe ni l 2 trng hc s c xy trong nm
nay.
IV. Mu
/ / N/ (~ni yotte/ ~ni yori/ ~ni
yoruN/~niyottewa)
Cutrc:(Danhtniyotte)
ngha:
A.Thhinchthcahnhng(thngivithbng)
Vd:
1.


AmerikatairikuwaKoronbusuniyottehakkensareta.
ChuMctmthybiColumbo.
B.Biv....(chranguynnhn,ldo)
Vd
1.



Fuchuuiniyotte,daijikogaokoruktmoaru.
Bivkhngchnnxyravtainnnghimtrng.
CBngcch(chphngphp,cchlm)
Vd
1.


.
 35
Mondaiwahanashiainiyottekaiketsushitahougaii.
Ccvnnngiiquytbngithoi.
Tyvo
Vd
1,

Shuukanwakuniniyottechigau.
Tpqunkhcnhautyvominc.
E.Trnghp
Vd
1.

Konokusuriwahitoniyottewafukusayougaderukotogaarimasu.
Thucnytyvotngngimctcdngphkhcnhau.
Bitp
Bi1
:
1.a.b.
2.(a.b.)
3.a.b.
4.a.b.
5.a.b
Bi2
:
6.
a.b.c.d.
7.
a.b.c.d.

CnghcngphpN3Tun2:Ngyth3
I.Cch1:
~(~sa)
Chc cc bn thng nghe ni n (ureshisa)(atsuisa)(omo sa)
(majimesa)....
 36
chuynmttnhtvdng~(~sa)khngin.
Vi tnh t ui "i" th mnh b "i", tnh t ui "na" th b "na" i ri thm " sa"
voltac1danhtri.
Ringtnht(iittpng)thchuynthnh(yosa).
Ch l cch ny c s dng ch ra mt c tnh hay cm gic, v mc
can.

Vd
1.
(=)

Ookisawachigauga,kimitoonajikabanwomotteiruyo.(=donoguraiookiika)
Tuykchckhcnhaunhngmnhccicpgingvicuy.
2.
(=)

Kodomoniinochinotaisetsusawooshienakerebanaranai.(=inochigadonogurai
taisetsuka)
Phidychotremtmquantrngcacucsng
II.Cch2:
~(~mi)
Cng tng t nh cch 1, th y l mt cch chuyn tnh t ui "i" v "na"
vdngdanht.
Vi tnh t ui "i" th mnh b "i", tnh t ui "na" th b "na" i rithm"mi"
vo.
Chcchnydngchtnhchtidinchotrngthimntrthnh.
Chng hn nh l (kanashimi bun thng)(yowami nhc im)
(itamicnau)(shinkenminghimchnh)
Th nn nhng cch ni nh l (ookimi)(ureshimi) (atsumi)
(majimemi)lkhngctrongtingNht.
Vd
1.

(=)
Sensou ga owatta ima demo, kn kuni no kurushimi wa mada tsuduite iru.
(=kurushiijoutai)
 37
Ngay c by gi chin tranh kt thc, nhng kh khn vn ang din ra t
ncny.
2.
(=)
Tanakasannotsuyomiwafutatsunogengogahanaserutoiukotodesu.
immnhcaanhTanakalcthnic2ngnng.
III.Cch3:
~(~koto)
Cchnythquthngdngvquenthucviccbnricphikhng?
Ch n gin l a ng t, tnh t, danh t v th thng thng ri thm"koto"
volxong.
Ch mt cht hin ti n gin ca tnh t ui "na" th gi nguyn "na", cn
danhtthchuynquadng"Ndearu"hoc"Nno".
Trongcutrcnyth"Nnokoto"hoc"Ndearukoto"smangngha"VNth~"
Vd
1.

(=)

Raishuunotesutonokotode,shitsumongaarimasu.(=Tesutonitsuite)
Emccuhivbikimtratunti.
2.


(=)
Tanakasanganyuuinshitakotowoshitteimasuka?
AnhcbitvicchTanakaphinhpvinkhng?
IV.Cch4:
~(~no)
Cchninycvnhlthngdngnht.
n gin l th thng thng ca ng t, tnh t, danh t thm "no" vo sau l
c1cchdanhthari.
Ch hin ti n gin ca tnh t ui "na" th gi nguyn "na", cn danh t th
thm"na"vo.
Vd:
1.

(=)
Tanakasannidenwasurunowosukkariwasureteimashita.(=denwasurukoto)
EmqunvicgiinchochTanaka.
 38
2.

(=)
Nichiyoubinikondatokoroeikunowaamarisukijanai.
Vicngychnhtinmtningcthmnhkhngthchcholm.
Bitp
Bi1
:
1.a.b.
2.(a.b.)
3.a.b.
4.a.b.
5.a.b
Bi2
:
6.
a.b.c.d.
7.
a.b.c.d.

CnghcngphpN3Tun2:Ngyth4
Mu~(~toiu)
PhnI
Dngcutrc
N
:ViNl1phntthucN'.Cthdch"
N'ctnlN
"

:Dngniv1
vtctnlN

:Cig
cnghalN
.
Ccbnthamkhothmvdclsdhiuhnlnichay
Vd
1.

(=)

Sakki, Kimurasan to iu hito kara denwa ga arimashita. (=Kimurasan to iu namae
nohito)
LcnytinhnccucgitngictnlKimura.
 39
2.(=)
Kore wa nihon no gakki de "Shakuhachi" to iu mono desu. (="Shakuhachi" to iu
namaenogakki)
ylmtnhccNhtBncgil"Shakuhachi"
3.(=)
Okanewairimasen.Muryoutoiukotodesu.(=Muryoutoiuimi).
Emkhngcnphitrtin.Nlminph.
PhnII
:
Mu~(~toiunowa)
bi 33 ca cun Minna No Nihongo th chng ta hc cch gii thch ngha
ca mt t ng hay cu no bng cch dng

(A wa B to iu
imida).
C th thay (A wa) bng
A (A to iu no wa). ylbiuhinthng
cdnggiithchnhnghavA.
V
(B to iu imi da) l phn gii thch ca A, cng hay c dng
theo hnh thc B (B to iu koto da), nhng trn mt nghathkhngc
sphnbitnhiulm.
Khi mun hi ngha ca 1 t no hay dng:

(Atoiunowadouiuimidesuka)
* (A to iu no wa) trong vn ni th haydnghnhthcA(A
tteiunowa)
Vd
1.
(=

)
"Dejimeka" to iu no wa dejitaru kamera ((degital camera) wo mijikaku shita iikata
desu.
"Dejimeka"lcchningngncacmt"degitalcamera"
2.


(=)
Denshade"kakutei"tteiunowanannokotodesuka?(="Kakutei"noimiwa)
Trntuin,"Kakutei"cnghalgvy?
 40

Kakuekiniteishasurudenshanokotodesu.
Ncnghalccontucdnglimitrm.
PhnIII
S dng cch ni
~ (~to iu no) danhtha1cu.Bincuthnhch
nghocitngcacu.
Thnghaygpdngnhsau:
[]///
Tc l cu vn chia v th thng thng, ri thm
~to iu no / tte iu no/ to iu koto/
tteiukoto
Vd:
1.


(=)
Rinsan ga kikoku suru to iu koto wo kiite odorokimashita. (=Kikoku suru to iu
hanashi)
TingcnhinkhinghechuynLinhsvnc.
2.


(=)
Konna ni yoku chikoku wo suru to iu no wa mondai desu yo. (=Chikoku wosuruto
iujijitsu)
Vichayimunnhthnythcstrthnhvnriynh.
3.


(=)
Tanakasangaishadatoiunowoshiranakatta.(=ishadatoiujijitsu)
MnhkhngbitchuynanhTanakalbcs.
Bitp
Bi1
:
1.a. b.

2.(a. b. )(a. b.
)
3.a.b.
 41
4.a. b.

Bi2
:
5.
a.b.c.d.
6.
a.b.c.d.

CnghcngphpN3Tun2:Ngyth5
I. Mu
~
(~to iu yori): Ni ng hn l ~
(ci ni ng sau mi l thch
nghn.)

Cch s dng:
(ngt,tnht,danh
t a v th thng thng ri kt hpvi"toiuyori").Tuynhintnhtui"na"
vdanhtthngkhnggn"da"vosau

Vd:

1.

Karenoiikatawasusumeteirutoiuyorikyouseishiteiruyouda.

Cch ni ca anh ta c v l ang thuyt phc nhng thc ra l ang cng p

mingi.

2.

Reibougakikisugite,suzushiitoiuyorisamui.

iuhobtmnhqu,lnhchkhngphimtna.

3.

Anohitowakireitoiuyorijouhinda.
 42
Ngikianilquphithnghnlp.

4..+

Anohitowagakushatoiuyoritarento(talent)da.

Bongkialhcgi,nhngphigilngisaotruynhnhming.

II.Mu
~
(~toiuto):Nin~th~

Ly ln mt v d lm i din lin quan n ch ~ hoc t mtchnhra,

lintngn~

Cch s dng:
[ //
.ng
t, danh t, tnh tavththngthng,rikthpvi"toiuto","toieba","to
ittara".Tuynhindanhtthkhngthm"da"vo.

Vd

1.

Supootsu(sport)nosaitentoiuto<mazuOrinpikku(Olympic)desune.

NivngyhiththaothtrchtphilOlympicnh?

2. . A

Kinou, Johnsan ni aimashita yo. Sou desu ka? Johnsan to ieba Asha ni
 43
shuushokugakimattasoudesune.

[I]
Hm qua, t gp anh John y. Th , anh John , hnh nh c
nhnvolmcngtyA.

3.

Italiatoieba,pasupooto(passport)wootoshitekomattakotowoomoidashimasu.

NivItalia,linhcilnkhnkhvmthchiu.

4.



.

Saikin suidou ga mazui desu ne. Mizu ga mazui to ieba, saikin ii jousuiki ga
detasoudesuyo.

Gn yncmychnnh.Ncchn,gnymicloimylchay
lmy.

III.
Mu
~
(~toittemo)

Dl~nhng~
(thctsoviiucnghtkhcnhau)

Cch s dng:
[
. ng t, tnh t, danh
t a v th thng thng ri kt hp vi "to itte mo". Tuy nhin i khi cngc
trnghptnhtui"na"v"danht"khnggn"da".

Vd:

1.

Niwagaarutoittemonekonohitaihododesu.

Nilcvnynhngmbt(nhcitrnmo).
 44
2.

Asagohan wo tabeta to itte mo, pan to koohii (coffee) dake no kantan na mono
desu.

Dlnsngrinhngcngchnginlbnhmvcafethi.

3.

Nihonwabukkagatakaitoittemo,yasuimonomoarimasuyo.

NhtBnthnglgiccaothtnhngrcngcm.

4.

Kyou wa atsukatta to itte mo, kuuraa(cooler) wo tsukeru hodo dewa arimasen

deshita.

Hmnaynilnngynhngcngchanmccnbtmylnh.

5.

Nihonryourigasukidatoittemo,tenpuratosushidakedesu.

NiltithchnNhtnhngchltenpuravsushithi.

6.

Karewashachoutoittemoshaingasanninshikainaikaishanoshachoudesu.

Anh ta l ch tch cng ty y nhng m ch l ch tch ca cng ty c mi ba

ngithi.

Bitp
Bi1
:
1.a.b.
2.(a.b.)
 45
3.a. b.

4.a. b.

5.a.b
Bi2
:
6.
a.b.c.d.
7.

a.b.c.d.

CnghcngphpN3Tun2:Ngyth6
I.Mu
V
Vtegoran)
Dngniviaithlm1iug.(Thnglnivingidimnh.)
TngngmuV(Vteminasai).
Cchsdngrtngin,angtvth"te"rithm"goran"vo.
Vd
1.
(=)

Kore,oishiiyo.Tabetegoran.(=Tabeteminasai)
Cinyngonlm.Cunthi
2.
(=)

Wakaranakattarasenseinikiitegoran.
Numkhnghiuthhythhigiovin.
3.
(=)

Mouichidoyattegoran.(=yatteminasai)
Thlmli1lnnai.
II.Mu
~//
(~youniiu/tanomu/onegai)
y l1kiumnhlnhgintip.Cnghalnivimtaithuytphcanh
 46
talmgipmnhvicg.
ngtsdngvimunychiathphnhhocthtin.
Vd:
1.(=)
Tanakasanniwatashinoheyanikuruyouniittekudasai.(="kitekudasai"toitte)
HybocuTanakanphngcati
.
2.
Tsukattaatowakatadukeruyounionegaishimasu.
Saukhisdngthlmndndpgim.
III.Mu
V/V
(Vrunato/Vmeireikeito):Bni~
Khibni,byucullmg/khnglmgthmnhsdngmuny.
Cch s dng rt ngin:ngtchiavthmnhlnh/hocthtin+"na"
ri thm /// (to iwareru/ chuui sareru/ shikareru/
okorareru).
Vd
1.


(=)
Ishanisakewonomunatowareta.("Nondewaikenai"to)
Tibbcsnil"Ungrulkhngcuy"
2.


(=)
Senseinimottobenkyoushirotoiwareta.(="Benkyoushinasai"to)
Tibgiovinnil"Hychmhchnna"
3.
()
Chichinimottohayakukaeretochuuisareta.
Tibbnhcl"Hyvnhsmhn".
IV.Mu
V
(Vtekureto):Bainh,hi,yuculmg
s dng mu ny th trc ht a ngtvth"te",saukthpvi

(kuretotanomareru)hoc
(kuretoiwareru)

Vd:
1.


(=)
 47
Tomodachini,Tanakasannodenwabangouwooshietekuretotanomareta.
MtngibnnhtinichosinthoicaTanaka.
2.
(=

)
Ooyanigenkannomaenijitenshawookanaidekuretoiwaremashita.
Tibngchnhbolngxeptrchinnh.

CnghcngphpN3Tun3:Ngyth1
I.Mu
~
(~temo)biuhinvgithuyttngphn
d,mcd,chod
ngha:
Cchdng:
V/
AA
A,N
Thm(mo)sau(te)lccmttchiukinnghch.
Ngc vi mu cu (~tara), mucu
(~temo)dngtrongtnhhung

hy vng mt vic g ng nhin s xy ra trong iu kin chotrcnhngli
khngxyra,hocktquxyratringcvinhnggkvng.
Vd:
1.



Suitchiwoiretemokikaigaugokimasen.
Dbtcngtcnhngmyvnkhngchy.
2.

Takakutemokonorajikasewokaitaidesu.
Mcdtnhngtivnmunmuaciradiocassetteny.
3.



Shizukademonerukotogadekimasen.
Mcdyntnhnhngcngkhngngc.
4.



 48
Nichiyoubidemoshigotowoshimasu.
Mcdlchnhtnhngvnlmvic.
*Khi mun nhn mnh v mc iu kin ca mu ny th ta cththm

(donnani),
(ikura),
(darega),
(dou),
(itsu),
(naniwo)

Vd
1.



(=)
Watashi wa ikura osake wo nonde mo kaoiro ga kawaranai.(=osake wo takusan
nondabaaimo)
Ngayckhitiungnhiuruthscmtcngkhngthayi.
2.

(=

)
Gitaawonaraihajimetaga,donnanirenshuushitemozenzenumakunaranai.
bt u hc n guitar nhng cho d c luyn tp nh th no th cng chng

giic

II.Mu~
V
(~Vzuni)
ylcchvitkhccamucu
V
(Vnaide)mthi.
ngha:
lmhnhng2trongtrngthikhnglmhnhng1.
Cch dng: Mu cu ny c dng khi ngi ni ch mt hnh ng khng din
ra nh d on m c thay th bi mt hnh ng khc. Rt n gin, chia
ngtvthphnhvntt(th"nai"y),risauthay"nai"bng"zuni".
Ch:ringngt (suru)thchuynthnh
(sezuni).

Vd:
1.


,(=)
Jishowotsukawazunikaitanode,jishingaarimasen.(=tsukawanaide)
Vitmkhngdngntinnnchngthyttingc.
2.


(=)
Sakuya,hawomigakazunineteshimatta.
Tiquaingmkhngnhrng.
 49

CnghcngphpN3Tun3:Ngyth2
I.Mu
~
(~toshite)
ngha:
sdngnivlptrng,tcch,chngloi.
Cchdng:
N
///
Ringviththeosausl1danht.
Vd
1.



YamamotoshiwataishitoshiteChuugokunihakensareta.
ngYamamotocphisangTrungQucvivaitrlmtis.
2.


.
Karewasonohakooisutoshitetsukatta.
Anhydngcihplmghngi.
3.
.
Watashitoshitewakondonoketteinisanseidekimasen.
Vphntithkhngthtnthnhcviquytnhhmnay.
4.



NihonwaAjianoichiintoshitenoyakuwariwohatasanakerebanaranai.
NhtBnphingvitrnhlmtthnhvincaChu.
II.Mu~ (~nishitewa)

ngha:
Soviiucngnhinnghntthkhc.
Cch dng: V, Ai, Ana, N dng thng thng.TuynhinviAnavN
thkhngc"da".
Vd
1.20



AniwaAmerikani20nenitanishitewaeigogahetada.
DanhtraisngMn20nmnhngtingAnhthdc.
2.



Yamadasanwaisogashiinishitewayokutegamiwokuremasu.
 50
BcYamadartbnrnnhngvnhayvitthchoti.
3.



Karewakashudattanishitewautagahetada.
Anhtalcasynhnghtdt.
4.



Karewaryokushinishitewakogarada.
Anhtallcsnhngmnginh.
III.Mu~ (~nishitemo)

ngha:
Ngaycnu,tnh~,vn~
Cch dng: V, Ai, Ana, N dng thng thng. Tuy nhin viAnavN
thkhngc"da".ikhicnggpAna,Nchuynvth.
Vd
1.



Donnaningennishitemochoushowaarumonoda.
Dlnginothcngcstrng.
2.



Ikuraisogashiinishitemo,shokujiwoshinainowayokunai.
Ngayclbnnthno,bnlkhngtt.
3.


.
Ikura karada ga joubu de aru ni shite mo sonna ni hataraitara byouki ni narimasu
yo.
Ddaiscthnoina,lmviccthmmty.
4.



Chuukonoiewokaunishitemoshakkinshinakerebanaranai.
Dlmuamtcinhcnhngvnphivaytin.
IV.Mu~ (~toshitara)

ngha:
Num~,Nunght~th
Cchdng:
V,Ai,Ana,Ndngthngthng.
Vd
 51
1.



Ryuugakusurutoshitara,Nihonniikitaitoomotteimashita.
Numiduhc,tinhiNht.
2.

Moshi, mou ichido umarekawareru to shitara, otoko to onna to dochira ga ii desu
ka?
Gisl,nucsinhralnna,bnthchlcontraihaycongi?
3.


9
Yoteidooridatosurebahikoukiwa9jinitsukuhazuda.
Numnhkhochthmybayphinlc9hri.
4.

Ashi no warui hito fa chikatetsu wo riyousurutoshitara,donnasetsubigahitsuyou
darouka.
Nu ngi b tt v chn s dng tu in ngm th cn loi thit b nh th no
nh.
5. .

Kono reizouko wa mou shuuri wa muri desu ne. Shuuri ga muri da to shitara,
atarashiinowokaushikanaine.
Ci t lnh ny khng sa c na nh? Nu m khng sa c th ch c
cchmuaciminh.
6.
,

Denwawokaketemodenaitosurebakarawamoudekaketanodeshou.
Dgiinmanhtakhngrathchclrangoiri.

CnghcngphpN3Tun3:Ngyth3
I.Mu (~tsumori)

*
ngha
:dnhlm,dnhkhnglmmtvicg.
*
Cchdng
:V/V
 52
*
Ch : So vi mu cu V th ch , V thng thng th
mang ngha quyt on hn c s dng ch mt hng r rt, 1 quyt
nhchcchnhoc1dnhlntrongcucsng.
Vd
1.



Kino wa kaimono ni iku tsumori deshita ga, atama ga itakatta node zutto ie ni
imashita.
Hmquadnhimuasmrinhngmdoauunnlinhsut.
2.


Rainenkekkonsurutsumoridesu.
Nmtitidnhskthn.
3.


Ashitakarawatabakowosuwanaitsumoridesu.
Tinhtngymaiskhnghtthuc.
II.Mu
~/~
(~hazuda/~hazuganai)
*
ngha
:chcchn~,chcchnkhng~
*
Cchdng
:V,Ai,Ana,Ndngthngthng/
ChlAnavnginguyn"na",cnNththm"no"
Vd
1.


Tanakasanwaimaryokouchuudakaraieniinaihazuda.
AnhTanakaangidulchnnchcchnkhngcnh.
2.


MajimenaYamadasangamudandeyasumuhazuganai.
NgichmchnhcuYamadathchcchnvicnghkhngphplkhngc.
3.



Machigaihazuganaiyo.
Chcchnvicnhmlnlkhngcu.
III.Mu
~/~/~
(~beki/~bekida/~bekidewanai)
 53
*
ngha
:Lmnhthlngnhin,nnlm~
*
Cch dng
: ngtthtin+.ViAnathchuynsangAna,cn
AithslA.
Vithcngckhisdngl.
Vd
1.




Iubekikotowaenryoshinaidehakkiriittahougaii.
Nhngiunnnithnnkhngngingnnirrngra.
2.


Donnanishitashiinakademo,karitamonowakichintokaesubekida.
Dlngithnmcnomnthnntrlicnthn.
3.


Wakaiuchini,gaikokugowobenkyoushiteokubekidatta.
Khicntrnnhcngoingtrc.
4.


Senseinootakunikonnayonakanidenwasurubekidewanai.
Khngnninthoinnhthylcnamthny.
IV.Mu~ (~tamonoda)

*
ngha
:Nhvvicxyralutrongqukh
*
Cchdng
:ngt,tnhtavthqukhri+.
Vd
1.


Kodomonokoro,itazurawoshite,yokuchichinishikararetamonoda.
Hibthngnghchngm,haybbmng.
2.


Konohenwamukashiwashizukadattamonoda.
Khunytrcyyntnhlm.

CnghcngphpN3Tun3:Ngyth4
 54
I.Mu
~
(~tabini)
*
ngha
:Mikhi,midp~
*
Cchdng
:V/N.
Vd
1.


(=)
Kaimononotabini,fukurowotakusanmorau.(=kaimononotoki,itsumo)
Cmilnimuasmnhncrtnhiuti.
2.


(=)
Konokyokuwokikutabini,furusatowoomoidasu.
Cmilnnghecakhcmnhlinhquhng.
3.



Otonarinohitowaryokounotabini,omiyagewokattekitekureru.
Anhhngxmcmilnidulchumuaquchot.
4.



Kanojoniautabini,youjiwotanomareru.
Clnnogpcyllibnhvicg.
II.Mu~ (~tsuideni)

*
ngha: Nhn tin tin th (Lc lm vic g , li dng c hi lm mt vic
khc)
*
Cchdng:
V/V/N
Vd
1.



Ginkoueikutsuideni,konotegamiwodashitekuremasenka.
Tinthnngnhnganhgichoemlthnyckhng?
2.



Depaatoekainomoniittatsuidenikimononotenjikaiwomitekita.
Tinthisiuthmua,tinxemtrinlmkimono.
3.



Kaimononotsuidenihonyaniyotta.
 55
Tinthimuasm,tighvohiusch.
III.Mu~ (~tatotan)

*
ngha:
Ngaysau~
*
Cchdng:
V
Vd
1.



Hanninwakeikannosugatawomitatotan,nigedashita.
Ngaykhithybngcnhst,tnphmnhnchytrn.
2.



Tsukareteitanode,beddonihaittatotanni,nemutteshimatta.
Vmtqu,lngingcilngmtngay.
3.



Senseiwaitsumoberuganattatotanni,kyoushitsunihaittekuru.
Thygiolcnocngvolpngaysaukhichungku.
IV.Mu~ (~saichuuni)

*
ngha
:Ngaytronglcanglmvicg
*
Cchdng:
V/N]
Vd
1.



Kangaeteirusaichuunihanashikakeraretekomatta.
angngh,cbnixenvo,nkh.
2.



Shiainosaichuuniamegafuttekita.
Giatrnu,trilima.
3.


.
Kaigiwoshiteirusaichuunii,keitaidenwaganatta.
Gialcanghpthinthoidingliku.

CnghcngphpN3Tun3:Ngyth5
 56
I.Mu~ (~toori)

*
ngha
:Lmgingnh~,gingnh~
*
Cchdng
:V/V/N
*
Ch
:KhisdngNmkhngc""thlcmnhscvvitl" "

Vd
1.



Setsumeishonikaitearutooriniyattemitekudasai.
Hythlmnhcvittrongbnhngdn.
2.



Anohitonoittatoorinisurebadaijoubudesu.
Nulmnhngkianithkhngsaoc.
3.A



KarewaAdaigakunigoukakushita.Watashinoomottatooridatta.
AnhyvoihcA.ngnhtingh.
4.



Yajirushinotoorinisusundekudasai.
Hytintheohngmitnch.
5.



Sonokikakuwakeikakudooriniwasusumanakatta.
Khochkhngitheodnh.
II.Mu~ (~mama)

*
ngha
:Thchin1hnhngtrongkhitrngthitrcvnginguyn.
*
Cchdng
:V/V/A/N
Vd
1.(=)
Sakuyawaterebiwotsuketamamaneteshimatta.(=tsuiteirujoutaide)
Tiquacnguyntiviangmringmt.
2.(=)
Konoyasaiwanamanomamadetabetemooishiidesuyo.(=namanojoutaide)
 57
Loiraunysngncngvnngonlm.
III.Mu~ (~ppanashi)

*
ngha
: Gi nguyn 1 trng thi no . Trong trng hpltngtthsau
khng c g thay i. Trong trng hp l tha ng t th sau s l chng
lmgc.Thngbaohmccmgicbtmn,trchmccangini.
*
Cchdng
:ngtthbi,rikthpvi.
Vd
1.(=)
Madowoakeppanashidedetekita.
Mnhccasmnguynmirangoi.
2..(=)
Mizuwodashippanashinishinaidekudasai.
ngcncchysutnhthch.
IV.Mu~ (~kiri)

*
ngha
:Chc~
*
Cch dng
:V/ V /N + . Tuy nhin vi nhng danh t s t th lc
cngcthsdngl(kkiri).
Vd
1.



Kanojowananiwokiitemowaratteirukiride,kotaenai.
Cynghegcngchci,chplilino.
2.



Kesakouhiiwonondakiride,nanimotabeteinai.
Sngnaychcungcaf,chng.
3.



Kodomotachigadokuritsushitekara,fuufufutarikirinoseikatsudesu.
Concimraring,chchaivchngsngvinhau.

CnghcngphpN3Tun3:Ngyth6
 58
I.Mu
~/~/~
(~garu/~gatte/~garanaide)
*
ngha
:Sdngkhinincmgic,mongmuncangikhc.
*
Cch dng
: Tnh t ui "A" th b "i" i, tnh t ui "A" thb"na",ngt
thmongmun"V"thb"i"i,saukthpvi
~/~/~
.
*
Ch
: Mu ny tuyt i khng s dng ni v mong mun, cm nhn ca
bnthn.
Vd
1.

Kowagaranaidekudasai.
ngcs.
2.



Hazukashigaranaide,maenidetekitekudasai.
ngcxuh,nglnphatrcino
.
3.



Tanakasangaanataniaitagatteimashitayo.
CuTakananilmungpemy.
II.Mu
~/~
(~tehoshii/~temoraitai)
*
ngha:
Dngkhimongmunailmgchomnh.
*
Cchdng:
V/V+/
Vd
1.



Anou,kyoukashowomisetehoshiidesuga....
Xinli,chotixemcunschgiokhoakia
.
2.



Anatanioshietemoraitaikotogaarimasu.
Emcchuyncnanhnichoemnghey
.
3.


Kuniekaettemonihongowowasurenaidehoshii.
DlcvncthmongbncngngquntingNht
 59
III.Mu~ (~furiwosuru)

*ngha:Dngmiuttrngthithhinbnngoikhcvithcchtsvic.
* Cch dng: ng t, tnh t, danh t avththngthngrikthpvi

.Chltnhtui"na"thginguyn"na",cndanhtththm"no".

Vd
1.



Kare wa sono koto ni tsuite shitte iru furi wo shite iru ga, hontou wa shiranai to
omou.
Anhtatralbitviuy,nhngtinghthcrachbitgcu
2.


3.
Tanakasan wa dokushin no furi wo shite iru ga, kekkon shite ite, 3nin mokodomo
gairu.
Anh Takana t ra l ngi c thn nhng thc ra lp gia nh v c ti 3a
conri.

CnghcngphpN3Tun4:Ngyth1
I.Mu~ (~nitotte)

*
ngha
:iviNhntlptrngca~(saulphnon,bnhphm)
*
Cchdng
:Danht+
Ccdngthnggp~/~/~/~
Vd
1.



Konoshashinwawatashinitottenaniyorimotaisetsunamonodesu.
Bcnhnyivitilthquantrnghnttc.
2.



Shainnitottewakyuuryouwatakaihougaii.
Vinhnvincngtyth,lngcaostthn.
3.



Darenitottemoichibantaisetsunanowakenkoudesu.
 60
Vibtkai,sckholquantrngnht.
4.



Kankyoumondaiwajinruinitottenomondaida.
Vnmitrnglthchthc(nhimv)ivinhnloi.
II.Mu~ (~wariniwa)

*
ngha
:Khngphhp,khngxngvi~,sovi~
*
Cch dng
: ng t, tnh t, danh t avththngthngrikthpvi

hoc . Ch l tnh t ui "na" th gi nguyn "na", cn danh t th

thm"no".
Vd
1.



Watashiwatakusantaberuwarinifutoranai.
Mcdtinrtnhiu,nhngmkhngbtngcn.
2.



Anoresutoran(restraurant)noryouriwanedannowarinioishii.
ncanhhng,sovigithlngon.
3.



Karewabenkyoushinaiwariniwaseisekigaii.
Dnchhcgmthnhtchttgh.
4.



Konoshinamonowatakaiwariniwahinshitsugayokunai.
Mthngnydldtnhngchtlngkhngtt.
5.



Aniwashinchounawariniwayokuwasure_monowosuru>
Danhtraikhcnthnnhngmvnhaybqun.
III.Mu~ (~kuseni)

*
ngha
:Dmcdulicnngayc~(Dinttmtrngkhinhmit,qutrch)
*
Cch dng
: ng t, tnh t, danh t a v th thng thng ri kt hpvi

.

 61
*
Ch
:tkhidngchocchnitrangtrng.
Vd
1.



Yokushiranaikuseni,anohitowanandemosetsumeishitagaru.
Dlchbitmy,ngkiacigcngmungiithch.
2.



Karewawakaikusenisugutsukaretatoiu.
Anhydltrnhnghitlkumt.
3.



Chichiwahetanakusenikaraokegadaisukinandesu.
Btidhtdnhngrtkhoikaraoke.
4.



Karewagakuseinokusenikoukyuushaninotteiru>
Anhtadlsinhvinnhngtonlnxexn.
IV.Mu~ (~nanka)

*
Cchdng
:V/A(i>ku)/Ana/N//
*
ngha 1
: Dng khi mun nu ln mt v d mun lm nh, nh gi thp.
(Chyudngkhinichuyn)
Vd
1.

"Konokikainikuwashiihitowaimasenka?""Karenadokuwashiitoomoimasuyo"
"C ai bit tng tn v ci my ny khng?""Tinghnhanhylngibitr
y."
2.



Nekutai(necktie)nankashimete,dokoikuno?
Thtcavtthny,iuvyta?
*
ngha 2
: Dng khi ni mang tnh ph nh hoc coi nh mt th lkhngquan
trnglm.
Vd
 62
1.



Isogashikuteterebinadomiteirarenai.
Bngh,nnhcxemTVcnchc.
2.



Hontoudesu.Usonankatsukimasenyo.
ngthty.Khngnimyliditru.
3.



Sukiinantekantandesuyo.Daredemosugudekiruyouninarimasu.
Cnhtrttuytthdkhngm.Aicngbittrtngay.

NgphpN3Tun4Ngythhai

I.Mu~ (~okagede)

*
ngha
: Nh, do c... ( Biu th lng bit n v nh nguyn nhn m c kt
qutt)
*
Cch dng
: ng t, tnh t, danh t a vththngthngrikthpvi

.ChAnathginguyn"na",cndanhtthm.

Vd
1.



Kagakugijutsugahattatsushitaokagede,warewarenoseikatsuwabenrininatta.
Nhkhoahckthunpht
tri
n,isngcachngtatrnntinlihn.
2.



Iegauminichikaiokagede,shinsennasakanagataberaru.
Nhnhemgnbinnnlcnocngcctin.
3.
,

Yamamoto
san wa chuugokugo ga jouzu na okage de ii shigoto ga mitsukatta sou
desu.
Bc Yamamoto v gii ting Trung Quc nn nghe ni tm c mt cng vic
tt.
4.

ShigotogahayakusundanowaYamadasannookagedesu.
CngviclmxongnhanhchnglnhcbcYamada.
II.Mu~/~(~seide/seika)
*
ngha
:Tiv~.(Donguynnhnmcktquxu)
 63
*
Cch dng
: ng t, tnh t, danh t avththngthngrikthpvi

.ChAnathginguyn"na",cndanhtthm.
/~
*
Ch
: Vi cch ni
thng l din t cm gic ca ngi ni, "
phi
chngldo~
"
Vd
1.


Watashigashippaoshitanowakarenoseida.
Tithtbiltithngy.
2.



Denshagaokuretaseide,chikokushita.
Vtuchmnntinmun.
3.



Amai
mono
gasukinaseide,tabesugitefutotteshimatta.
Tivthchnngt,tinnhiuquvphtph.
4.


.
Atsuiseika,shokuyokuganai.
Chcdotrinng,chthythmn.
5.



Kinoseika,karewakyouwanantonakugenkiganakukanjirareta.
Ticcmtnghmnayanhyckhngkholmsaoy.
6.



Shashingaumakutorenakattanowokametanoseinishiteiru.
nhchpkhngcpldocamera.
III.Mu~ (~nikawatte)

*
Cchdng
:N/
*
A ngha
: Thay th cho~. Biu th s thay i s dng vt ny thay thchovt
khcchonbygi.
Vd:
1.



Kokodewa,ningennikawatterobottogasagyouwoshiteiru.
Tiyrobotlmvicthaythchoconngi.
2.



Ima wa taipuraitaa (
typewriter
) ni kawari, wapuro (
word processor
) ga tsukawarete
iru.
Bygimychcthaythbimyxlvnbn
 64
*
ngha
: i din cho, thay cho~. Biu th s thay th ngi ny bng ngi
khclmg
1.

Chichinikawatte,watashigakekkonshikinishussekishimashita.
Tiimcithaychob.
2.



Shucchouchuunobuchounikawattewatashigagoaisatsusaseteitadakimasu.
Ticchophpchohithaychotrngphngangcngtc.
IV.Mu~ (~kawarini)

*
A.ngha
:Thayvkhng~(Khnglm~mlmmtvickhc.)
*
Cchdng
:Vru
Vd
1.



Shiritsudaigakuwohitotsuukerukawarini,kokuritsudaigakuwomittsuuketai.
Khngngkvomttrngtno,timunngk3trngquclp.
2.
CD

Ongakukainiikukawarini,CDwosanmaikauhougaiitoomou.
Thayvinghehonhc,tinghmua3aCDckhitthn.
*Bngha
:Lmil,thaythcho~
*
Cchdng
:N
Vd
1.



Byoukinochichinokawarini,watashigamairimashita.
Thaychobangbm,tii.
2.



Houtainokawarini,hankachi(handkerchief)dekizuguchiwoshibatta.
Thayvdngbnggc,tidungkhntaybngmingvitthng.
*
Cngha
:
Chcphntngngvi~
*
Cch dng
: ng t, tnh t, danh t avththngthngrikthpvi

Vd
1.



Watashigaryourisurukawarini,anatawasoujishitekudasai.
Cnphngnynhhp,tngnglgithucngr.
2.


 65
Watashinomanshonwashizukanakawarini,ekikaratookutefubenda.
Khunhtikhyntnh,blingtganlixa,khbttin.

NgphpN3Tun4Ngythba

I.Mu
~/~/~/~
(~kurai/~gurai/~kuraida/~guraida)
*
A_ngha
:Chng,mc~(Biuthmctrngthi)
*
Cchdng
:[]/[]/[]/[].
Vd
1.



Konoatariwayoruninaruto,sabishiikuraishizukada.
Khimxung,vngquanhyyntnhncqunh.
2.

Karekurainihongogahanasereba,tsuuyakudekirudarou.
NictingNhtcnhcuy,lmphindchckhngnh?
3.


Onakagaitakute,gamandekinaiguraidatta.
Bngaunmckhngchuc.
4.



Tanakara
mono
gaochirukuraiookiijishingaatta.
Trnngtmnhnmcccvtbrixungttrngi.
5.

Kimura
san wa tanoshimi ni shite ita ryokou ni ikenaku
natte
, kawaisou na gurai
gakkarishiteita.
Anh Kimura tht vng n ti nghip khi khng i c chuyn du lch m anh
ymongch.
*
B_ngha
:Biuthmcnh
*
Cchdng
:[]/[]
Vd
1.



Isogashikutemodenwawokakerukuraiwadekitadeshou?
Dbnnhngtramtcucinthoianhcnggicch?
2.



Gaikokugo wa ikkagetsu naratta gurao de wa, jouzunihanaseruyouniwanaranai
darou.
 66
Ngoingthhccmtthngkhngthgiaotipgiic.
3.



Hito
niattara,aisatsuguraishitehoshii.
Timunanhkhigpmingi,chtcngphichohi.
II.Mu
~
(~hodo)
(ging)
*
ngha
:Chng,mc~
*
Cchdng
:[]/[]/[]/[]
Vd
1.



Kaijouniwaafureruhodogitaawomottawakamonogaatsumatteita.
Ccthanhninmangnghitattpngnmctrnngpchitrng.
2.



Kodomowonakushitagoryoushinnokanashimigaitaihodowakaru.
Tihiucniaubuncanhngbcchammtcon.
3.


Watashinimoiitaikotogayamahodoaru.
Nhngiutimunninhiunhni.
4.


Hisashiburinikuninohahanokoewokiite,ureshikutenakitaihododatta.
lu mi c nghe ging ni ca m t trong nc, ti hnh phc n mun
khc.
5.




Mochikirenaihodononimotsugaattanode,takushiidekaetta.
Nhiuhnhlnmcmangkhngxu,tii
taxi
vnh.
III.Mu
~
(~hodo)
(khc)
*
ngha
: Mt ny c mc thay i, cng lc mt mt khc cng thay imc
.
*
Cchdng
:/A/A+/N
Vd
1.



Sumoudewa,futotteiruhodoyuurida.
Sumothcngbocngcli.
2.



Nedangatakaihodoshinamonogaiitowakagiranai.
Khnghncgicaothhngttu.
 67
3.



Suirishousetsuwafukuzatsunahodoomoshiroi.
Tiuthuyttrinhthmthcngphctpcnghpdn.
4.



Atamagaiihitojimanshinai.
Ngicngthngminhcngkhngtmn.
IV.Mu
~~
(~ba~hodo)
*
ngha
:Cng~cng~
*
Cchdng
:V//avth+//
Vd
1




Kanojowamirebamiruhodosukininarimasu.
Cycngngmcngyu.
2




Gaikokugonobenkyouwawakakerebawakaihodoiidesu.
Vichcngoingthcngtrcngtt
.
3





Pasokonwasousagakantannarakantannahodoiidesu.
Myvitnhththaotccngngincngtt.
4.



.
Kyuuryougatakakerebatakaihodoiine.
Lngthcngcaocngttnh^^.
V.Mu
~~
(~hodo~wanai),
~~
(~kurai~wanai)
*
ngha
:~lnht
*
Cchdng
:
V/N
/
V/N
+N()
Vd
1.



Nakanoiitomodachitoryokousuruhodotanoshiikotowanai.
ichivibnthnlvuinht.
2.



Kanojohodoatamaiihitoniwaattakotoganai.
Tichagpaithngminhnhcy.
3.



Sensouhodohisannamonowanai.
Khngcgbithmbngchintranh.
 68
4.





Kanojokuraishinsetsunahitowainai.
Khngcaithnthinnhcyc.

NgphpN3Tun4Ngytht

I.Mu~ (~kotowanai)

*
ngha
: Khng cn phi l
m ~. Mu ny ging nh mnhhcl~
.
*
Cchdng
:
Vd
1.


Jikanwajuubunarukara,isogukotowanai.
Vncthigian,khngcnphivi
2.,



Ryokou kaban nara, wazawaza kau koto wa arimasen yo. Watashi ga kashite
agemasu.
Validulchthkhngcnphilomuau.Tchomn.
3.



Kensanokekka,ijouarimasendeshitakara,shinpaisurukotowaarimasenyo.
Vktqukimtrakhngcgkhcthngnnkhngcnlolngu.
II.Mu~ (~toiukotoda)

*
A_ngha
:Nghethynil~(cchnidndngynguyniunghec)
*
Cch dng
: ng t, tnh t, danh t a v th thng thngrikthpvi

. Vi mu ny th ta c th kt hp vi cc dng mnh lnh, hng,

phngonhoccmcangt.
Vd
1.


Jikonogeninwamadawakaranaitoiukotodesu.
Nghenivnchabitnguynnhncatainn.
2.


Tenkiyohouniyorutokotoshiwaamegaooidaroutoiukotodesu.
Nghedbothititthnmnaymanhiuy.
3.A


Ashanoshuushokuniwasuisenjougahitsuyodatoiukotodesu.
ThynilxinviccngtyAcnphicthgiithiu.
 69
*
B_ngha
:Cnghal~
Vd
1.

"Ashitawachottoisogashiindesu""E.Ja,paatiiniwakorarenaitoiukotodesuka"
"Maitbnt.""Th.Thnghalkhngnlinhoan?"
2.



Goikenganaitoiukotowasanseitoiukotodesune.
Khngckingtcltnthnhphikhng.
*
Ch
:Munykhisdngtrongvnvitthschuynthnhdng
Vd
1.



Haha no tegami dewa, chichi no byouki wataishitakotowanaitonokotonanode,
anshinshita.
Trongthmvit,bnhcabkhngcvngnntithyyntm.
2.



Michiko
san
gakekkonnasattatonokoto,omedetougozaimasu.
NghenilchMichikokthn,xinhchcmng.
III.Mu~ (~kotoda)

*
ngha
:Dngkhikhuynngikhcrngviclquantrng.
*
Cchdng
:V/Vkthpvi (~kotoda)

Vd
1.


Daigakunihairitakerebaishoukenmeibenkyousurukotoda.
Numunvoihcthnnchmchhchnh.
2.


Kazegiminara,hayakunerukotoda.
Nuthyccmgicbcmthnnngsm.
3.


Kotobanoimigawakaranakerebamazujishodeshiraberukotoda.
Nu khng hiu ngha ca t ng thtrctinnntratin.(
cunySayhay
dng,vcbhisutvt
)
4.


Hito
noakkouwaiwanaikotodesu.
Khngnnnixungikhc.
 70
IV.Mu~ (~kotoka)

*
ngha
:Khngbitthnoy~(cmthn,thdi)
*
Cch dng
: V/ A/ A a v th thng thng ri kt hp vi (~koto

ka)
Vd
1.


Musukokarahantoshimorenrakuganai.Ittainaniwoshiteirukotoka.
Contrainanmrichthylinlcg,khnghiulanglmcigy.
2.


Anatanohenjiwodonnanimatteitakotoka.
Tiicutrlicaanhbaolu.
3.


Tomodachitowakarete,donnanisabishikattakotoka.
Chiabitbn,thtlcnbitbao.
4.


Konpyuutawanantobenrinakotoka.
Mytnhthtlththttinli.
*
Ch
: Mu ny thng i km vi cc t nh l (donna ni th no
cng kiu g cng), (dore dake), (dore hodo chng bao nhiu),
(nandobaonhiulnmyln),(nanjikan)...ngtrc.

NgphpN3Tun4Ngythnm

I.Mu~ (~kke)

*
ngha: s dng trong vn ni. Din ti ang nh ra, nh li v munxcnhn
limtvicg
*
Cch dng
: ng t, tnh t, danh t a v th thngthngrikthpvi

.Tuynhindng
~
hoc
~
cngcsdng.
Vd
1.


Kareniwamadapaatiinobashowoshiraseteinakattakke.
Hnhnhtichabochoanhyaimlinhoanhaysaoy.
2.



"Gakuseijidaiwatanoshikattane.""Sousou,isshoniyokutakkyuushitakkene"
"Lc hcsinhvuithtynh.""a,mnhcngnhauhaychibngbnhaysaoy
nh."
 71
3.50


Ano
resutorandesoubetsukaishinai.Asoko50ninireruhodohirokattakke.
Khng t chc tic chia tay nh hng . ng
kia hnh nh cha c tm 50
ngi,rngrilm.
4.


Souda.Kyouwaokaasannotanjoubidakke.
nh,hmnaylsinhnhtmhaysaoy.
II.Mu~ (~shikanai)

*
ngha
:Khngccchnokhcngoi~Cnphilm~
*
Cchdng
:
Vd
1.


Jikodedenshagaugokanaikara,aruiteikushikanai.
Dotainnnntukhngchy,chccchnokhclib.
2.


Darenimotanomenaikara,jihundeyarushikaarimasen.
Khngnhaic,tmnhphilmthi.
3.



Yakusokushitanodakara,ikushikanaidarou.
hnri,phiithi.
III.Mu
~
(~ndatte)
*
ngha
: (ti) nghe ni l ~. Dng truyn t nhng thng tin m mnh nghe
thyunngith3vkhngcnhnnhcabn.
*
Cch dng
: ng t, tnh t, danh t a v th ngn ri kt hp vi .

Tuynhintacthgpccdng~,,
Vd
1.



"
Tanaka
s
an
,kekkonshiterundatte""E,shiranakatta"
"TnghenilanhTanakacgianhri""Tht,tkhngbity"
2.
50

Shikennohaniwakyoukashonosaishokara50peejimadedatte.
Giihncakthinghenilntrang50caschgiokhoa.
3.


Amegafurundatte.
Tingheniltrisma.
 72
4.


Kanojowaminnanomaedeutaunogasukidewanaindatte.
Nghenicykhngthchhttrcmingi.
*
Ch
:Ngiithnghaysdngl (desutte)

IV.Mu

(~ndamon)
*
ngha
: Bi v y l t dng trong vn ni, thng c ph n v tr em
dng.
*
Cch dng
: ng t, tnh t, danh t a v th ngn ri kt hp vi .

Tuynhin,tacthbkhngnicngc.
Vd
1.


"Hitorideikeru?""Un,daijoubu,chizuwo
motte
irundamon"
"Cucthimtmnhch?"",khngsaouvtcbnm."
2.


Denwawaashitanishitahougaiinjanai?Mouosoindamon.
nmaigiinchnghnsao.Vmunrim.
3.



"Tetsudatteageyouka?""Iiyo.Hitoridedekirumon"
"tgipcunh.""Thim,cri,vtlmmtmnhcm."
4.


Tashounoitazurawashikataarimasenyo.Kodomonandamon.
Chngcnghchngmmtchtthcngkhngccchnou.Vltrconm.

NgphpN3Tun4Ngythsu

I.Mu
~
(~tsumari)
*
ngha
: tm li tc l. c s dng khi ni v cigybngmtcchkhc
nilibngmtcchkhcdintlidintli.
*
Cchdng
:Chnginl
mnha.mnha'
.
Vd
1.

.
Kare wa
sono kaigi ni shusseki shinakatta. Tsumari sono keikaku ni wa sansei de
naitoiukotoda.
ngtakhngdcuchp,cnghalngykhngtnthnhvikhoch.
2.

.
Tsumarikoregakiminoiitaikotodesune.
 73
Nitmliyliucumunniphikhng.
3. ...

"Eeto, mou tsukiau nowa muri da to omou..." ""Tsumari, watashi no kotogakiraini

nattatoiukotonanone"
"Uhm, anh ngh vic chng ta hn h l khng thch hp..." "Ni cch khc l anh
ghtemchg?"
4.


Chichinoani,tsumariwatashinoojiwaishawoshiteiru.
Anhtraicab,tcbccatilmtbcs.
II.Mu
~
(~sonotame)
*
ngha
:dovthvldo...
*
Cchdng
:
Mnha(mcch,ldo).mnhb(ktqu)
Vd
1.


Tonarinoekidejikogaattarashii.Sonotamenidenshagaokureteiru.
Ctainngabncnh.Domtuinbmun.
2.


Ryuugakusurutsumorida.Sonotameni,baitoshiteokanewotameteiru.
Mnhdnhiduhc.Vthmmnhangilmthmdnhdmtin.
III.Mu
~
(~sonokekka)
*
ngha
:do,dovy,vth,saukhi...
*
Cch dng
:
a. b
. Vi
alvicxyratrongqukh,lnguynnhn/
ldokhinvicxyra.
Vd
1.


Chichiwa
hito
nanbaimodoryokushita.Sonokekka,shigotodeseikoushita.
Cha ti c gng gp my ln mi ngi. Do cha thnh t trong cng
vic.
2.3 5

Sankagetsudaiettowotsuduketa.Sonokekka,gokiroyaseta.
Mnhnkingsut3thngtri.Ktqulgim5kg.
IV.Mu
~
(~nazenara)
*
ngha
:bivlnunildosaoth,v,biv,v,dobi
*
Cch dng
:
a(//b
.Vi
alktlun.
 74
Cn
b
lnguynnhn,ldo.Ktthcmnh
b
thngl~.
Vd
1.


Raishuu, kuni ni kaeru yotei desu. Naze naraba, shinyuu no kekkonshiki ni
shussekisurukaradesu.
Tunsautnhvnc.Tvmciabnthnym.
2.


Gakkou wo kaeta. Naze ka to iu to, boku no reberru (level) no kurasu(class) ga
nakattakarada.
Mnhchuyntrngri.Bivtrngckhngclpcatrnhcamnh

NgphpN3Tun5Ngythnht

I.Mu
~
(~bakarika)
*
ngha
:Khngch~,ngoiracn
*
Cch dng
: ng t, tnh t, danh t avththngthngrikthpvi

.TuynhinNkhngc.

Vd
1.

Hayashi
san
nootakudegochisouninattabakarika,omiyagemadeitadaita.
nhanhHayashi,khngchcnngonmcnccqumangvna.
2.

,

Annasan wa atama ga ii bakari de naku, shinsetsu de kokoro no yasashii
hito
desu.
CAnakhngchthngminh,lilngichuo,dudng.
3.



Kono chihou wa kikou ga odayaka na bakari de naku umino sachi, yama no sachi
nimomegumareteiru.
Khu vc ny khng ch c kh hu n ho, cn c tri ph cho hi sn v rau
qutrnnina.
4.



Karewasakkaabakaridenaku,suieimodansumojouzunandesuyo.
Anhykhngchbngmcnbi,nhyugii.
II.Mu~ (~wamochiron/~wamotoyori)
/~
*
ngha
:~thngnhinnmckhngcnni.
*
Cchdng
:Danhthoc1mnhcdanhthakthpvi
/
 75
.Cnmnhsauthngthm

saunhnmnh.
Vd
1.
,

Watashigaumaretamurawadenshawa
moto
yori,basumokayotteinai.
Ngi lng m ti sinh ra th xe in l ng nhin, xe
bus cng khng lu
thng.
2.



Byoukinochiryouwamochiron,yobounotamenoishamojuuyouda.
Victrbnhngnhinlcnthitnhngyhcdphngcngquantrng.
3.


Kyabetsu(cabbage)waitametetaberunowamochiron,namadetabetemooishii.
Bpcithxonlngnhinri,nhngnsngcngrtngon.
*
Ch
:Sovithlcchnitrangtrnghn.
III.Mu
~
(~nikurabete)
*
ngha
:Sovi....Nivmckhcnhausovi~lylmtiuchun.
*
Cchdng
:Danht/mnhdanhtha+ .

Vd
1.

Aninikurabeteotoutowayokubenkyousuru.
Sovianhtrai,ngemhcchmhn.
2.



Shougaikokunikurabetenihonwashokuryouhingatakaitoiwareteiru.
Sovingoiquc,githcphmNhtccholcao.
3.



Kotoshiwakyonennikurabe,amenoryougaooi.
Nmnaysovinmngoithlngmanhiuhn.
IV.Mu
~(~
nitaishite)
*
ngha
:Vvic,ivi~chitng,iphng
*
Cchdng
:Danht/mnhdanhtha+ .

Thnggpccdng~/~/~/~/~N.
Vd:
1.



Okyakusamanitaishiteshitsureinakotowoittewaikemasen.
ivikhchhng,cmniiuthtl.
2.



 76
Iikotowoshitahitonitaishi,hyoushoujougaokurareru.
Vingilmvictt,sctnggiykhen.
3.



Chinsan wa Nihon no keizai dake dewa naku Nihon no bunka ni taishite mo
kyoumiwo
motte
iru.
Anh Trn khng chchngthvikinhthNhtBnmcncvivnhoNht
na.
4.




Higaishanitaisuruhoshoumondaiwokentousuru.
Chngtixemxtvnbithngvingibhi.

NgphpN3Tun5Ngythhai

I.Mu~ (~ageru)

*
ngha
:dngnivmtcigmichonthnh.
*
Cch dng
: ng t a v dng , sau li b
i,rikthpvi

(ageru)nulthangt,hockthpvi
(agaru)nultngt.

Xemvdbndiyclccbnsdhnhdunghn
Vd
1.


Yattorepooto(
report
)wokakiageta.
Cuicngthonttbnboco.
2.



Keekigayakiagarimashitayo.
Bnhnngxongriy.
3.



Gohangatakiagattayo.
Cmchnriy.
II.Mu~ (~kirenai)

*
ngha
:Honton,htc~/ncuicngcth,khngth~
*
Cchdng
:ngtavdng ,saulib
i,rikthpvi~/
~/~.
Vd
1.



Kimurasanwatsukarekittakaowoshitekaettekita.
AnhKimuravibmtmtphv.
 77
2.



Sonnanitakusantabekiremasuka?
nhtnhiuthnyc?
3.



Kazoekirenaihodotakusannohoshigahikatteiru.
Ccvsaonhiukhngmhtangtosng(trnbutri)
.
III.Mu
~
(~kake)
*
ngha
:Chtrngthigiachng,mibtu~,chaktthc~
*
Cch dng
: ng t a v dng , sau li b
i,rikthpvi
//.
Vd
1.



Konoshigotowayarikakedesukara,
sono
mamanishitoitekudasai.
Cngvicnymibtulmnncnhth.
2.




Teeburu(table)noueninomikakenokouhiigaoitearu.
Trnbnctmtcccafungd.
3.



Nanikaiikaketeyamerunowayokunai.
Nicirithilkhngtt.
4.




Watashiwakodomonokoro,byoukideshinikaketakotogaarusouda.
Hnhnhlcbclnbmgncht.
IV.Mu
~
(~tate)
*
ngha
:mi/vamilm~...Cchthhinni:hnhngvaxyra
*
Cch dng
: ng t a v dng , sau li b
i, rikthpvi
V
NhocMunygingvi hoc
V
.
Vd
1.




Yakitatenopanwaoishii.
Bnhmvaminngxongngonlm.
2.




Takitatenogohanwaoishiine.
Cmvachntingonnh.
3.




 78
Anosuupaa(
super
)watoritatenoshinsennayasaiwoutteiru.
siuthng
kia
bnraurtti.(rauvamihixong)

NgphpN3Tun5Ngythba

I.Mu
~/~
(~taraiinaa/~toiinaa)
*
ngha
:Thhinyucunguyncumongc
*
Cchdng
:
+) Cch 1: ng t, tnht,danhtavthngnrikthpvi
()

+) Cch 2: ng t, tnh t, danh t chiavthginh(e)rithm(

).
Vd
1.
(=)

Mottonihongogaumakuhanasetaraiinaa.
TmongtcthnitingNhttthn.
2.
(=)

Ashita,amegafuranaitoiinaa.
Ngymai,thyvngtrikhngma.
II.Mu
~
(~bayokatta)
*
ngha
:Gim~(thhinshihnsnnnshilisnhn)
*
Cch dng
: ng t, tnh t, danh t chia v th gi nh(e)rikthp
vi

Vd
1.
(=

)
Chikokushiteshimatta.Mottohayakuiewoderebayokatta...
Munmtri.Bitthmnhrakhinhsmhn...
2.
(=)

Yamashita
san
niannakotowoiwanakerebayokatta...
GimtkhngnivibcYamashitanhngiunhvy...
III.Mu
~~
(~ba~noni)
*
ngha
:thhintmtrngngticngthtvng.
*
Cch dng
: ng t, tnh t, danh t chia v th gi nh(e)rikthp
vi .

Vd
 79
1.



Nomikai,tanoshikattayo.Kimimoikebayokattanoni.
Linhoanvuilm.Nuemcngithtt.
2.




Yasukattarakaunoni.
Nurthmuariy
(thctlchamuavkhngr )
IV.Mu
~
(~kanaa)
*
ngha
: Dng th hin vic t hi chnh mnh v nhng mong mun v cm
xc.
*
Cchdng
:V/Vkthpvi().
Vd:
1.


Basu,hayakukonaikanaa.
Xe
bus
saokhngnsmch
(munxebusnsm.)
2.


Konojikken,umakuikukana.
Lnthnghimnyctrichykhngy.
3.


Kyou,Fujisangamierukanaa.
HmnayliuctrngthyniPhSkhngnh.

NgphpN3Tun5Ngytht

I.Mu
~
(~made)
*
ngha
:Chonkhi~
*
Cchdng
:V+
Vd
1. 30

Eigagahajimarumadesanjuppunarimasu.
C30phtchonkhiphimbtu.
2.



Renrakugaarumadematteimasu.
Chchonkhiclinlc.
II.Mu
N~
(N~made)
*
ngha
:NgaycN~,Ncng~
*
Cchdng
:Danht+
 80
Vd
1.

Konosakanawahonemadetaberaremasuyo.
Loicnycxngcngnc.
2.



Anatamadewatashiwoutagaunodesuka?
Ngaycemcngnghingtihaysao?
III.Mu
~~
(~kara~nikakete)
*
ngha
:Tkhong~n~(chchungph
m
vithigian,aim)
*
Cchdng
:NN2
Vd
1.





Sakuyakarakesanikaketeamegafurimashita.
Trimatmquansngnay.
2.





KantouchihoukaraTouhokuchihounikakete,ookinajishingaatta.
cngtmnhtrongkhivctKantonTohoku.
IV.Mu (~nioite)

*
ngha
:titrongvvicivi(Chaim,thigian)
*
Cchdng
:N///
Vd
1.



Kaigiwa
daiichi
kaigishitsunioiteokonawareru.
Hinghctchcphnghps1.
2.



Gendainioitewa,konpyuutaawafukaketsuna
mono
dearu.
Ngynay,mytnhlvtkhngththiuc.
3.



Wagakuninioitemo,seishounennohanzaigafueteiru.
nctacngth,tiphmthanhthiuninangtngln.
4.




Sorewawatashinojinseiniokerusairyounohideatta.
lngypnhtiti.

NgphpN3Tun5Ngythnm
 81
I.Mu (tatoe~temo)
~
*
ngha
:nunhdchongaycnutnh
*
Cch dng
: Rt n gin, a ng t, tnh t, danh t v th /, sau t
sau vtrc

lbnc1cuhonchnhchomunyri.
Vd:
1.

.
Tatoeamedemokekkou.
Dtrimavnquytlm.
2.




Tatoehantaisaretemoryuugakusuru.
Chodlbmcphnithmnhvniuhc.
3.




Tatoegenkijanakutemokazokuenotegaminiwagenkidatokaku.
Chodckhngkhethtrongthgichogianhvnvitlmnhkhe.
II.Mu (Moshikasuruto~kamoshirenai)
~
*
ngha
: c l l cng khng bit chng. Mc d cng biu th s phng on
ca ngi ni nh nhng kh nng xy ra thp hn. Nu din t
s vic c th xy ra mc 70 80% th mu cu ny ch p dng cho nhng
hnhngmkhnngxyratngithp,chkhong50%.
*
Cch dng
: Ta angt,tnht,danhtvththngthng,rikthpvi
mu ny theo cu trc
/+V/A/N+/
.Tuynhintnhtui"na"vdanhtthb"da"i.

Vd
1.




Moshikashitara,
gogo
karayukigafurukamoshiremasen.
Tuytcthsrivobuichiucngnn.
2.




Moshikasuruto,yakusokunojikannimaniawanaikamoshirenai.
Chngtaclskhngkpgihncngkhngbitchng.
3.


Yamada
san
wamadakiteimasenne.Byoukikamoshiremasen.
AnhYamadavnchannh.Cllmcngnn.
III.Mu (kanarazushimo~towakagiranai)
~
*
ngha
:khngnhtnhchahnth.
*
Cch dng
: a danh t, ng t v tnh t v th thngthngrikthpvi
 82
~.
Vd
1.

.

Kanarazushimoseikousurutowakagiranai.
Chahnthnhcng.
2.



Okanemochigakanarazushimokoufukudatowakagiranai.
Giucchahnhnhphc.
3.



Takai
mono
gakanarazushimoiimonodatowakagiranai.
ttinkhnghnltt.
IV.Mu (marude~you)
~
*
ngha
:Gingnhl~,honton~
*
Cchdng
:
+N/ngtthngn+hocl
+(V/A/N)thngn
+
Vd
1.




Gougakushita.Marudeyumenoyouda.
Mnhri.Gingnhltrongmvy.
2.




Karenonihongowamarudenihonjingahanashiteirumitainikikoeru.
TingNhtcaanhynghenhngibnxnichuyn.
3.



Anatanoiukotowamaruderikaidekinai.
Tihontonkhnghiunhnggcuni.

NgphpN3Tun5Ngythsu

I.Mu
~
(~dakedo)
*
ngha
:nhngtuynhinnhngmtuythsong
*
Cchdng
:
Mnha.mnhb.
Nidungca
a
v
b
lilpnhau.
Vd
1.


Ryokouniikitai.Dakedoikenai.
Tmunidulch.Tuynhinlikhngthic...
2.


 83
Yoku
karaoke
niiku.Dakedoutawahetada.
Mnhhayihtkaraoke.Thnhngmnhhtdlm.
II.Mu
~
(~desukara)
*
ngha
:bivy,vth,vvy,do
*
Cch dng
:
Mnh a. mnh b
. Vi
a l mnh ch nguyn nhn,
l do. Cn mnh
bl
kt qu ng nhin hoc phn on ca ngi ni a
ra.
Vd
1.

Tenki yohou dewa gogo kara ame da sou desu. Desu kara kasa wo
motte itta hou
gaiidesuyo.
D bo thi tit chiu nay c v s c ma. V th em mang theo ci thtthn
.
2.

Ashita kara ryokou ni ikimasu. Desu kara moushiwake arimasen ga, raishuu no
paatiiniwashussekidekimasen.
Tidulchtngymai.Dortlxinlicu,nhngbatictunsautkhng
thamdcri.
III.Mu
~
(~tokoroga)
*
ngha
:Nhng,trongkhi
*
Cch dng
:
Mnh a. mnh b
. Vi
a l mnh ch d tng, d
nh.Cnmnh
b
lthct,lktqungoidkin.
Vd
1.


Sakuyawakonsaatoniikutsumoridatta.Tokorogabyoukideikenakunatta.
Tiquanhicoihanhc,nhngbmnnkhngic.
2.

5
Tanaka
san wa watashi yori to omotte ita. Tokoro ga watashi yori 5sai mo toshiue
datta.
Ti ngh l anh Tanaka tr hn ti. Nhng thc t anh y hn ti nhng 5 tui
ln.
3.

.
MinnagaKazukookurasuiinnieranda.Tokorogakanojowaiyadatoitta.
 84
MingibuKazukolmtrnglpnhngcylitchi.
4.


Chichiwaotoutoniwayasashiitokorogabokuniwakibishii.
Chatiddivithngemtraitinhnglinghimkhcviti.

IV.Mu
~
(~tokorode)
*
ngha
:thcn,bygiNhntin
*
Cchdng
:
Vd
1.


Ashita,shikendesho?ganbattene.Tokorode,raishuunogetsuyoubiwaaiteru?
Maithiphikhng?Cgnglnnh.,ththhaiticrnhkhng?
2.


Mousugu, kotoshi mo owari desu ne. Tokoro de, oshougatsu wa dou nasaimasu
ka?
Cngsphtnmrinh.ThTtnmnayslmthno?

NgphpN3Tun6Ngythnht

I.Mu (moshi~tanara~)
~~
*
ngha
:Nu~th~
*
Cchdng
:
+V/Ai/Ana/N+()
Vd
1.




Moshishikenwouketeitanara,goukakushiteitatoomou.
Nuthamdkthithtinghrngri.
2.




Moshikaregashachoudenakattanara,kaishawatsubureteitatoomou.
Nuanhykhngphilgi
m
cthtinghrngcngtyphsnri.
3.




Moshiryuugakushinakattanara,imagorokunidekekkonshiteirudarou.
Nukhngiduhcthclbygitikthntrongncri.
II.Mu (moshi~toshitemo)
~
*
ngha
:Chodl~.Haysdngchotrnghpckhnngthchinthp.
*
Cchdng
:+V/Ai/Ana/N(thngn)+/
Vd
1.




 85
Moshiyasumigatoretatoshitemo,ryokouniikanai.
Chodccnghphpthcngkhngidulch.
2.




Moshiokanegatakusanattatoshitemosonna
mono
wakawanai.
Thmchlcnhiutinthtcngchngmuanhthu.
III.Mu (moshimo~nara)
~
*
ngha
:nugisvnh
*
Cchdng
:
+V/Ai/Ana/N(thngn)+
+Ana/N+
+V/Ai/Ana/N(th)~
+V/Ai/Ana/N+/
Vd
1.




Moshimoumarekawarerunara,otokoninaritai.
Nucsinhra1lnnathmunclmcontrai.
2




Moshimojishingaokitemo,konoie,joubudakarataorenai.
Chodlcngt,thcnnhnyvchnchnnnkhngthc.
3.



.
Moshimonokotogaattemokakugowashiteiru.
Tichunbchoiutitnht.

NgphpN3Tun6Ngythhai

I.Mu~ (~kotoninatteiru)

*
ngha
: Niv1vicccquan,tchchocngikhcquytnhcho
mnh.
*
Cchdng
:V/V+
Vd
1.


Nihoneshucchousaseteitadakukotoninarimashita.
cquytnhicngtcNht.
2.


Kondo,Oosakanitenkinsurukotoninarimashita.
LnnyticquytnhchuyncngtcnOsaka.
 86
II.Mu
~
(~kotonishiteiru)
*
ngha
:Nivvicbnthnmnhquytnhlmg.
*
Cchdng
:V/V+
Vd
1.30


Maiasa,sanjuppunjogingu(jogging)surukotonishiteiru.
Tquytnhmisngschyb30pht.
2.


Ashita,kaimononiikukotonishita.
Tquytnhmaisimuasm.
III.Mu
~~...
(~kotowa~ga...)
*
ngha
:Vic~thkhngphnhnhng....
*
Cchdng
:VV/AA/AA+/
Vd
1.




Pianowahikerukotowahikemasuga,umakuarimasen.
Pianothchicynhngmkhnggii.
2.





Konobaggu(bag),takaikotowatakaikeredo,sugokutsukaiyasuiyo.
Citinytthttht,nhngsdngrtltin.
IV.Mu
~
(~naikotowanai)
*
ngha
:Cngckhnngl,khngphilkhngth
*
Cchdng:
Thphnhcangt,tnht,danht+/
Vd
1.



Muzukashiiga,yarikatashidaidewadekinaikotowanaidarou.
Dkhnhngmtytheocchlmcngkhngphilkhngthlmc.
2.


Doushitemohanashitekuretoiwarereba,hanasanaikotomonai.
cnhcldthnocnghynichuynnnkhngthkhngni.
3.



Chottoookikunaikotomonaiga,konokutsudedaijoubuda.
Cngkhngphilkhngtomtchtnhngmigiynylnri.

NgphpN3Tun6Ngythba
 87
I.Mu
~
(~tatokoro)
*
ngha
:Sau~(saukhilmcithktqusnhthno)
*
Cchdng
:V+
Vd
1.



Atarashii waapuro (
word processor
) wo tsukatte mita tokoro, totemo tsukai
yasukatta.
Thdngcimytnhmixongmibitlndsdngth.
2.

Konpyuutaa ga ugokazu, doushite ii ka komatte ita tokoro, Yamada

san ga
tasuketekureta.
Mytnhtt,khnkhkhngbitlmthnothcbcYamadagip.
II.Mu
~
(~tokorodatta)
*
ngha
:sutnath~
*
Cch dng
: V + . Thng i km vi cc tnhl,
,,...
Vd
1.


Sono
roujinwaayaukukurumanihikarerutokorodatta.
Cgiysutnathbxetcn.
2.


Sononekowaayaukusuishisurutokorodatta.
Conmosutchtngpnc.
3.


Shougakkounotoki,mousukoshideoborerutokorodatta.
Hihctiuhcsutchtui.
III.Mu
~
(~tehajimete)
*
ngha
:ChonkhihnhngV1xyrathmi,lmhnhngV2.
*
Cchdng
:V1++V2
Vd
1.



Senseinichuuisaretehajimete,kanjinomachigainikigatsuita.
ChonkhigiovinchrathtiminlichHn.
2.



 88
Kabuki
womitehajimete,Nihonbunkanikyoumiwomotta.
ChonkhixemKabukithtimiquantmnvnhaNhtBn.
IV.Mu
~
(~uchini)
*
ngha
: Trong lc (lm vic g trc khi trng thi thay i) Trong
khong(Trongkhongthigian,xyravicmlcukhngc)
*
Cchdng
:V/V/V/A/A/N
Vd
1.



Hanagakireinauchini,hanaminiikitai.
Muningmhoalcncnangp.
2.



Samenaiuchini,douzomeshiagattekudasai.
Mibcnngaykhinchangui.
3.



Kanojonohanashiwokiiteiruuchini,namidagadetekimashita.
Tronglcangnghecuchuyncacy,tirincmt

NgphpN3Tun6Ngytht

I.Mu
~
(~wakeda)
*
1.1.ngha
:Vcldo~nnmunni~nhthlngnhin.
*
Cu trc
: Th ngn ca ng t, tnh t ui "i" v tnh t ui "na" kt hp vi
. Tuy nhin tnh t ui "na" th khng chuyn thnh "da"
m
gi nguyn
"na".
Vd
1.



Kuraiwakeda.Keikoutougaipponkireteiru.
Tilphi.Mtbngnhunhquangbchy.
2.


Jon
sanwaokaasangaNihonjindesukara,Nihongogajouzunawakedesu.
AnhJohncmlngiNhtnntingNhtgiilphi.
*
1.2.ngha
:Doqutrnh,nnmunnisvictrnnth.Tcl~,lth
Vd
9500
Go pasento no nebiki to iu to, ichimanen no
mono wa 9500en ni naru wake desu
ne.
 89
Nilgim5%gi,tclhng1manthcn9500Ynh.
II.Mu
~
(~wakedewanai)
*
ngha
:Khngnhtthitl~,khngphil~
*
Cu trc
: Th ngn ca ng t, tnh t ui "i" v tnh t ui "na" kt hp vi
. Tuy nhin tnh t ui "na" th khng chuyn thnh "da" m gi

nguyn"na".
Vd
1.



Seikatsunikomatteiruwakedewanaiga,chokinsuruyoyuuwanai.
Cucsngkhngphilkhkhnnhngcngkhngcdradnh.
2.

Kare no kimochi ga wakaranai wake dewa arimasen ga, yahari kare no iken ni wa
sanseidekimasen.
Khng phi l ti khng hiu tm trng anh y, nhng m r rng ti cng khng
tnthnhkinanhta.
3.



Amaimonogakirainawakedewaarimasenga,daetto(diet)shiteirundesu.
Khngphitightngtunhngmangnking.
III.Mu
~
(~wakeganai)
*
ngha
:Khngcnghal~,khngchc~
*
Cu trc
: Th ngn ca ng t, tnh t, danh t kt hp vi . Tuy

nhin tnh t ui "na" th khng chuynthnh"da"mginguyn"na".Cndanh
tkhnggn"da"mthm.
Vd
1.


Annahetanaegaureruwakeganai.
Bctranhtthkhngchcbnc.
2.


Chan
san
wachuugokujindakarakanjigakakenaiwakegaarimasen.
VanhChanlngiTrungQucnnkhnglglikhngvitcchHn.
3.


Annayasete
hito
gasumoutorinowakeganai.
NgigycnythkhngthllcsSumoc.
4.


 90
Kokowaumikaratooinode,sakanagashinsennawakewanai.
Chnyxabinnnckhngthtic.
IV.Mu
~
(~wakeniwaikanai)
*
4.1.ngha
:Cldonn~khnglmc
*
Cutrc
:V
Vd
1.


Zettainihokanohitoniiwanaitoyakusokushitanode,hanasuwakeniwaikanai.
Vhaltuytikhngnivingikhcnnkhngthkc.
2.

Hitori de yaru no wa taihen desu ga minnaisogashisounanode,tetsudattemorau

wakeniwaikimasen.
Lm mt mnhthkhkhnnhngvmingicngangbnrn,nnkhngnh
aic.
*
4.2.ngha
:Philm~
*
Cutrc
:V
Vd
1.


Ashitashikengaarunode,benkyoushinaiwakeniwaikimasen.
Vngymaicbithinnkhngthkhnghcc.>phihc
2.


Kazokugairukara,hatarakanaiwakeniwaikanai.
Vcgianhnnkhngilmkhngc.

NgphpN3Tun6Ngythnm

I.Mu (kesshite~nai)
~
*
ngha
: quyt...khng d th no cng khng... khng khi no khng bao gi,
chngbaogi
*
Cchdng
:lunicngvithphnhcangt,tnht,danht
Vd
1.

.

Kesshiteanatawowasuremasen.
Khngbaogiqunem.
2.

.

 91
Kanojowakesshiteyakusokuwoyaburimasen.
Ctakhngbaogiththau.
3.

.

Nihongowakesshitemuzukashikunai.
TingNhtkhngkhchtnoc.

4.

.

Anataniwakesshitemeiwakuwokakemasen>
Chcchnkhnggyphintoichobn.
II.Mu (mattaku~nai)
~
*
ngha
:chng...chtno,khng...tno.
*
Cchdng
:+thphnhcangtvtnht.
Vd
1.

.

Mattakushirimasen.
Tithcskhngbit.
2.

.

Watashiwamattakuoyogemasen.
Tihontonkhngbitbi
.
III.Mu
~
(~mettaninai)
*
ngha
:tkhi,hi
m
khi
*
Cchdng:
N

hoc
V
Vd
1.

.

Saikinwakaretomettaniaimasen.
Donytihimkhigpanhta.
2.

.
Gaishokuwamettanishimasen.
Rthimkhitidngbangoi.
3. .

Konnaiichansuwamettaniarimasen.
Rthimkhiccmtchinhthny.
4.


Karewamettanikonai.
Anhtahimkhiny.
5.


 92
Konnachansuwamettaninaiyo.
Chinhthnylhimlmy.
IV.Mu (sukoshimo~nai)
~
*
ngha
:mtchtcng(khng)
*
Cchdng
:/+thphnhcangt,tnht.
Vd
1.

.

Sukoshimoyurusanai.
Khngthathmtchtno.
2.

.

Kareniwasukoshimodoujounoyochiwanai.
Khngcscmthngnodnhchoanhta.
3.

.

Sono
eigawasukoshimoomoshirokunakatta.
Cunphimychnghaychtno.

NgphpN3Tun6Ngythsu

I.Mu (soreto~)
~
*
ngha
:saunasauv.
*
Cchdng
:
a.b
hoc
a.b.
Sdngkhinisthmbvocngvia.
Vd
1.,3


Retasihitotsu,
tomato
wosankokudasai.Soreto,piimanmohitofukurokudasai.
Xinvuilngmtraudipvbacchua.Ngoira,hychotithmmttitxanh.
2

.
Iwaretakotowashimashita.Ato,naniwosurebaiidesuka?
Cinithlmxongri.Ginnlmgnay?
II.Mu (soretomo)

*
ngha
:hochay
*
Cchdng
:
a?b?
Vd
1.

.
Mikannishimasuka.Soretomoringonishimasuka?
Bnchncamhayto.
 93
2.

?
Ochanishimasuka,soretomokouhiinishimasuka.
ngmundngcphhaytr?
III.Mu (sonoue)

*
ngha
:bncnhngoirangoiracnhnthnahnnal
*
Cchdng
:
a?b?
Vd
1. ,.

Kanojowabijinde,
sono
ueatamagayoi.
Cyvapmlicnthngminhna.
2. ,.

Karewayokubaride,sonouekechidatta.
Hntavathamlammlicnbnxn.
3.

.
Karewaitsumochikokushite
kite
,sonoue,hayakukaetteshimau.
Anhtathngxuynnmun,hnthnalihayvsm.