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Solutions To Vector Calculus Practice Problems
Solutions To Vector Calculus Practice Problems
y = x
1
ZZZ
2. Evaluate z dV , where R is the following solid region:
R
z
(0, 0, 1)
(1, 0, 1)
(0, 1, 1)
(0, 1, 0)
(2, 0, 0)
y
(1, 1, 0)
x
2
4. Let R be the region in R3 defined by 4 x2 + y 2 + z 2 9 and z 0.
Evaluate the following integral:
ZZZ
2
x + y 2 dV
R
x = 1 t2
1t1
y = t
3
Then:
dx = 2t dt
dy = dt
Thus:
Z Z 1 Z 1
3 2 3
2 2
y dx + x dy = t (2t) + 1 t dt = t4 2t2 + 1 dt
C 1 1
1
1 2 4
= t5 t3 + t =
5 3 1
15
6. Let C be the curve x = t, y = 1 + t3 for 0 t 1. Evaluate
Z
x3 y 4 dx + x4 y 3 dy
C
This means that the vector field is conservative, so there is some func-
tion f with f = x3 y 4 i+x4 y 3 j. It is fairly easy to see that f = 14 x4 y 4 + C
works. The endpoints of the curve C are (0, 1) (when t = 0) and (1, 2)
(when t = 1). Thus:
Z (1,2)
1
x y dx + x y dy = x4 y 4
3 4 4 3
=40= 4
C 4 (0,1)
Note: This problem can also be done as a standard vector line integral,
but the calculations are somewhat tedious.
4
7. Let C be the circle x2 + y 2 = 4, oriented counterclockwise. Use Greens
Theorem to evaluate the following integral
I
cos(x2 ) y 3 dx + x3 dy
C
5
8. The following picture shows the parametric curve (x, y) = (t t3 , t2 ):
y
2
(0, 1)
x
1 1
6
9. Let S be the surface given by the following parametric equations
x = 4t2 + u
y = cos t
z = sin u
Find the equation for the plane tangent to the surface at the point
( 2 , 0, 0).
Answer: Since we are given the surface by parametric equations, we
can find the normal vector by computing Tt Tu , and then we can use
the normal vector to find the equation for the plane.
Tt = (8t, sin t, 0)
Tu = (1, 0, cos u)
i j k
Tt Tu = 8t sin t 0 = sin t cos u i 8t cos u j + sin t k
1 0 cos u
We can determine the values of t and u at the point (2, 1, 0). At the
point ( 2 , 0, 0), 4t2 + u = 2 , cos t = 0, and sin u = 0. Solving, we get
t = /2 and u = 0. Thus, the normal vector at this point is:
Tt Tu , 0 = i 4 j + k
2
Thus, the equation for the plane is of the form x 4y + z = D.
We can solve for D by plugging in the point ( 2 , 0, 0). We get that
2 = D. Thus, the equation for the plane is
x 4y + z = 2
7
Answer: The surface is a paraboloid. It will be easiest to work this
problem if we use the parameters t = r and u = . Then, we can
parameterize the surface as follows:
x = t cos u
0t2
y = t sin u
0 u 2
z = t2
The tangent vectors to the surface are
Tt = (cos u, sin u, 2t)
Tu = (t sin u, t cos u, 0)
Then, the normal vector to the surface is
i j k
Tt Tu = cos u sin u 2t = 2t2 cos u i 2t2 sin u j + t k
t sin u t cos u 0
Thus:
p
dA = kTt Tu k dt du = 4t4 cos2 +4t4 sin2 u + t2 dt du
= 4t4 + t2 dt du = t 4t2 + 1 dt du
We can now compute the surface integral:
ZZ Z 2 Z 2
x t cos u 2
dA = t 4t + 1 dt du
S z 0 0 t2
Z 2 Z 2
= t cos u 4t2 + 1 dt du
0 0
2
We use the substitution v = 4t + 1, dv = 8t dt:
ZZ Z Z
x 1 2 17
dA = cos u v dv du = 0
S z 8 0 1
8
p
11. Let S be the surface z = x2 + y 2 , 1 z 2. Evaluate the following
integral: ZZ
x i + y j + z 2 k dA
S
x = t cos u
1t2
y = t sin u
0 u 2
z = t
Tt = (cos u, sin u, 1)
Tu = (t sin u, t cos u, 0)
The, the normal vector to the surface is
i j k
Tt Tu = cos u sin u 1 = t cos u i t sin u j + t k
t sin u t cos u 0
9
the z-axis (you can see this from the vector Tt Tu ). The answer
17
would be if we oriented the surface with unit normals pointing
6
outwards.
Note: The region should have been oriented. The given answer is
correct if the region is oriented with outward pointing normals. If the
normals pointed inwards, the answer would be 36.
10
13. Let C be the the rectangle in R3 with vertices (0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1),
and (0, 1, 1), oriented in the given order. Use Stokess Theorem to
evaluate the following integral:
I
sin(x2 ) dx + xy 2 dy + xz 2 dz
C
Answer: Using Stokess Theorem, we can change the line integral into
a surface integral over a surface whose boundary is the given curve. One
such surface is the interior of the given rectangle. The plane containing
the four points has equation y z = 0, so we can parameterize the
surface using the parameters t = x and u = y. Since the rectangle
lies over the unit square in the xy-plane, the bounds for x and y are
0 x 1 and 0 y 1.
x = t
0t1
y = u
0u1
z = u
Tt = (1, 0, 0)
Tu = (0, 1, 1)
So, Tt Tu = (0, 1, 1). This vector points downwards, which disagrees
with the orientation of the rectangle (which is oriented counterclockwise
11
about upwards pointing vectors), so we need to negate the resulting
integral. Thus:
ZZ Z 1Z 1
2
( F) dA = z j + y 2 k (0, 1, 1) dt du
S 0 0
Z 1 Z 1 2
= z y 2 dt du
0 0
Z 1 Z 1 2
= 2u2 dt du =
0 0 3
Answer: The region is a cylinder. Note that the region is oriented ap-
propriately to apply the divergence theorem. Let us denote the region
by R. Using the divergence theorem, we have
ZZ ZZZ
F dA = ( F) dV
S R
F = 3x2 + z + 3y 2
12
15. Let S be the surface in R3 defined by the parametric equations
r = 2 + cos t + cos u
0 t 2
= t
0 u 2
z = sin u
Use the divergence theorem to find the volume of the region inside of S.
Answer: In order to use the divergence theorem, we need to compute
the anti-divergence of the constant function 1. Some simple vector
fields that work are x i, y j, and z k. We will use z k, as it will make
the computations easier.
We need to parameterize the surface in terms of x, y, and z. We use
the same parameters t and u as above, and the fact that x = r cos
and y = r sin . Then:
Note that the equation for z is simpler than the equation for x and y;
this is why we are using the vector field z k.
The tangent vectors to the surface are
Tt = 2 sin t cos u sin t, 2 cos t + cos2 t + cos u cos t sin2 t, 0
2 sin2 t sin u+sin2 t sin u cos u+2 cos2 t sin u+cos3 t sin u+cos u cos2 t sin usin3 u cos t
13
We can simplify this some using cos2 t + sin2 t = 1. We get:
Thus:
(Tt Tu ) z k = sin u 2 sin u + cos3 t sin u + cos u sin u sin3 u cos t
= 2 sin2 u + cos3 u sin u + cos u sin2 u sin4 u cos t
Thus:
ZZZ ZZ Z 2 Z 2
Volume = dV = zk dA = z k (Tt Tu ) dt du
R S 0 0
Z 2 Z 2
= 2 sin2 u + cos3 u sin u + cos u sin2 u sin4 u cos t dt du
0 0
Z 2
= 2 2 sin2 u + cos3 u sin u + cos u sin2 u du
0
1
To integrate the first term, we use the trig identity sin2 u = (1 cos(2u)).
2
To integrate the second term, we use the substitution v = cos u, dv =
sin u du. To integrate the third term, we use the substitution w =
sin u, dw = cos u du.
Z 2 Z 1 Z 0
3
Volume = 2 (1 cos(2u)) du + 2 v dv + 2 w2 dw
0 1 0
= 4 2 + 0 + 0 = 4 2
Since the answer is positive, we know that the surface was oriented
appropriately.
14