A2 CHEMISTRY UNIT 5- PIGUY

T R A N S I T I O N M E TA L S
>>REVISION>>
 ELECTRON
TRANSITION C O N F I G U R AT I O N S

M E TA L S
Transition metal - d-block Fe 2+
element which forms one 3d 4s
or more stable ions with
[Ar]
partially filled 3d sub-shell.
T R A N S I T I O N M E TA L
- show variable oxidation
number in compounds

- form coloured solutions Zn 2+

3d 4s
- form complex ions

- act as catalysts, both as

[Ar]
elements and as N O T A T R A N S I T I O N M E TA L
compounds
 COLOURED SPLITTING THE
D - O R B I TA L
IONS
3d 4s
ligands around ions cause 3d-
orbital to split into two levels [Ar]
transition of electrons between
the levels occurs

when electron is promoted to a

higher level, energy is absorbed

a specific frequency of light is

associated with this energy

frequencies not absorbed

appears blue & green
not absorbed
T H E N O TAT I O N U S E D L AT E R
Y

X colour (co-ordination number)

acid-base reaction
X Y
ligand exchange
X Y
redox
X Y

precipitates have co-ordination numbers such that they are uncharged.

acid-base reaction with NH3 also produces NH4+; CO2 with CO32-.
SUMMARY OF COLOURS
dilute excess
NaOH (aq) or NH 3 (aq) NaOH NH 3 (aq)

Chromium (III) green ppt. green soln. (6) purple soln. (6)

Nickel (II) green ppt. blue soln. (4)

Iron (II) green ppt. (later brown)

Iron (III) brown ppt.

deep blue
Copper (II) blue ppt.
soln. (4)

Manganese (II) off-white ppt.

Zinc (II) white ppt. colourless soln. (4)

COPPER (II) REACTIONS
YELLOW YELLOW

CuCO3 (s) [CuCl4]2-

H2O
BLUE
CO32- HCl
[Cu(H2O)6]2+

OH- H+

BLUE Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)

conc.
NH3
R O YA L
BLUE [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+
CHROMIUM (III) REACTIONS
YELLOW

CrO4 2-
H+ OH- / H2O2
ORANGE GREEN
OH-
Cr2O72- [Cr(OH)6]3-(aq)
H+ / Zn conc.
GREEN NaOH
GREEN
OH- / CO32-
[Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)
H+
H+ / Zn conc.
NH3

[Cr(H2O)6] (aq)
2+
BLUE PURPLE [Cr(NH3)6]3+(aq)
IRON (II) REACTIONS

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) BROWN

O2 / H2O

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s) GREEN

OH- H+

[Fe(H2O)6] (aq)
2+ GREEN

CO32-

FeCO3 (s) GREEN

IRON (III) REACTIONS

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) BROWN

OH- / CO32- H+

[Fe(H2O)6] (aq)
3+
YELLOW
SUMMARY OF SHAPES

OCTAHEDRAL TETRAHEDRAL SQUARE PLANAR LINEAR

co-ordination
number 6 4 4 2
bond
angle 90 109.5 90 180

Pt 2+ and Ni 2+ Ag +
occurs most complexes often with Cl -
complexes complexes

H2O Cl-
NH3
H2O OH2 Cl- NH3
Cl- Cu 2+
shape Cr 3+ Pt 2+ Ag +

H2O Cl- Cl- NH3

OH2 Cl-
H2O NH3
YOURE
DONE WITH
INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
REVISION!