IF YAYINLARI

GRAMMAR PACK - 1
VERB TENSES
NDEKLER

1. VERB TENSES: ............................................................................................................................................................1

2. SORU ZM YAKLAIMLARI: ..................................................................................................................................2

3. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE.............................................................................................................................................4

4. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE ..................................................................................................................................5

5. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE ...........................................................................................................................................6

6. PAST SIMPLE TENSE...................................................................................................................................................7

7. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE ........................................................................................................................................8

8. PAST PERFECT TENSE .................................................................................................................................................8

9. FUTURE TENSES (SIMPLE) ..........................................................................................................................................9

10. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE & FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ........................................................................9

11. REVISION TEST ..................................................................................................................................................... 10

 IF YAYINLARI - GRAMMAR PACK 1 | VERB TENSES

1. VERB TENSES:

Verb Tense dediimiz zaman ncelikli olarak ngilizcede var olan time ve tense algsna bakmak gerekmektedir.

PAST PRESENT

Past Simple Tense Present Simple Tense

Past Continuous Tense Present Continuos Tense
Past Perfect Tense Future Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense Future Continuous Tense
Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Grld zere iki zaman dilimi vardr. Tense olarak ifade ettiimizi kullanmlar ise bu iki zaman diliminin
iinde yer almaktadrlar.

1
 IF YAYINLARI - GRAMMAR PACK 1 | VERB TENSES

2. SORU ZM YAKLAIMLARI:
ncelikli olarak bilinmeli ki; tense sorularnn zlmesi sadece verb tenses konusunun iyi bilinmesiyle deil
yannda yer alan MODALS, PASSIVES gibi dier ana konularnn da bilinmesini gerektirebilir.

A. Her soru zaman uyumu isteyecek diye bir kural yoktur.

Time Clause ierisinde yer alan balalar haricinde yer alan balalar ile birbirine balanan cmlelerde
ZAMAN UYUMU olmayabilir.

After

As soon as Bu balalar ile zaman uyumu aranmaldr.

Before Bu balalar hem present hem de past tenselerle kullanlabilirler.

By the time Bu balalar TAMAMI yanlarna WILL / WOULD almazlar.
When Bu balalar present tenselerle kullanldklarnda; kar
cmlelerine PRESENT PERFECT TENSE almazlar.
While
WHEN / WHILE / AS haricinde sol tarafta yer alan dier balalar
As
beraberindeki cmlede CONTINUOUS TENSE almazlar.
Just as [Continuous ile Gerund birbirine kartrlmasn.]

Until

2 Once

Now that

B. Tense kullanm esneklii:

ngilizcede tense kullanm kat kurallara bal deildir. Yani illa ki kural gerei bir zaman balacndan
sonra belli bir zaman gelmek zorunda deildir. Aadaki aklamalara bakalm.

Future Perfect Bu tenselerin seeneklerde yer almas gereken durumlarda yoklarsa

eer; yaplacak ey bunlarn muadili olan tenseleri aramak olacaktr.
Present Perfect Yani;
Past Perfect SIMPLE FUTURE | SIMPLE PRESENT | SIMPLE PAST

C. Zaman zarflar:

ngilizce yer alan zaman zarflar tek bir zamanla kullanlabilir eklinde bir snrlandrma yaplamaz. rnek
olarak PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE zaman zarflar rahatlkla Past Tense ve hatta Future Tenselerde de
kullanlabilir.
 IF YAYINLARI - GRAMMAR PACK 1 | VERB TENSES

D. Noun Clauses & Relative Clauses:

Ana cmleye balanan Noun Clauses iin isim veya nesne grevindeki; Relative Clauses iin de sfat
grevinde kullanlan cmlecikler iin de ana cmleyle aralarnda bir zaman uyumu aramak zorunlu
deildir.

NOUN CLAUSES Most of the local people think that recent mayor was supposed to leave his
position because of the infrastructure system crises in winter last year.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
The woman whose daughter was killed last year has moved another city.

E. Soru kknde yer alan cmle ve cmlecikleri ayrmak:

Sorular cevaplandrrken ncelikle olarak cmle yapsal olarak iki ayrlacak ekilde ele alnmaldr.

In September 2003, the National Book Foundation ---- that Stephen King ---- the recipient of a
lifetime award. (YDS 2014 )

A) would be announcing / is to be

B) announces / has to be

C) had announced / used to be

3 D) had been announcing / has been

E) announced / would be
 IF YAYINLARI - GRAMMAR PACK 1 | VERB TENSES

3. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

A. Present Simple Tense snavlarda daha ziyade BLMSEL doruluk ieren anlatmlar eklinde gelmektedir.

B. Eer soruda tense gndermesi yapan bir zaman zarf yok ise, bununla birlikte cmle bilimden ve genel
dorulardan bahseder ve/veya oul bir zne ile balyorsa kullanlabilir.

The Earth --- more solar energy in one hour than the whole world ---- year. (2011 - LYS5)

A) has received / will be consuming

B) is receiving / is consuming

C) received / would consume

D) receives / could consume

E) had received / consumed

The wolves that ---- in Ethiopia some 100,000 years ago ---- into a separate and rare species.
(2010 - LYS5)
A) had arrived / will have evolved

B) arrive / will evolve

Adjective Clause eklemesi

4 C) were arriving / had evolved

D) have arrived / evolved

E) arrived / have evolved

C. Snavda yeralan cmleler ORTAYA SONU KOYAN GELMELERi de ierebilir. te bu cmle yaplarnda
daha ziyade PRESENT PERFECT TENSE tercih edilmelidir. Bylesi durumlarn kullanmna dikkat edelim.
Seeneklerin ilk ksmnda iki tenseyi birden grdmz durumlarda cevap genel olarak ikinci ksmdan
kmaktadr.

D.

From fossil analysis it ---- that, at the dawn of the Cambrian period, which was 542 million years
ago, there ---- a dramatic increase in animal diversity.

A) had been established / has occurred

Ancak ncelik sonralk
B) has been established / occurred durumlarnn
vurguland yerlerde
C) was established / occurs yannda mutlak Past
Simple tense ile
D) is to be established / had occurred
kullanlr.
E) would be established / would have occurred
 IF YAYINLARI - GRAMMAR PACK 1 | VERB TENSES

4. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. Present Continuous Tense akademik snavlarda daha ziyade aadaki anlamlaryla kullanlr.

i) Art ve azalma durumlar;

The interest rates in Turkey are decreasing day by day thanks to logical economy
management.

ii) ikyet ve problem bildirimleri; (always, constantly ve benzer kullanmlarda ikayetlenme bildirir.)

Fossil fuel energy plants are contaminating environment more than Nuclear power plants do.

iii) Bu aralar anlamyla kullanm; [nowadays these days this . ]

Government is trying to balance two neighbor countries political pressuse this week.

5
 IF YAYINLARI - GRAMMAR PACK 1 | VERB TENSES

5. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

A. Deneyimlerimizden ve tekrarlama ihtimali olan ve kesin tarih ifadesi olmakszn saysal olarak belirtilmi
olaylarn anlatmlar

Istanbul has been sieged many times by many different nations.

Turkish Parliaments have been expired five times in throughout the history.

Orhan Pamuk ---- so many novels, some of which, like My name is Red, ---- into 24 languages.

A) wrote / were translated

B) will write / are translated

C) has written / have been translated

D) writes / were translated

E) would write / had been translated

B. zel zaman zarflaryla;

They have been married for two months. FOR*, ifadesi past
For* simple tense iinde
de kullanlabilir.

In October 1994, Israel and Jordan signed a *Since dier

6 peace treaty that formally ended the state of
war that had been between the countries
tenselerle de
kullanlmaktadr ama
Since* since 1948. bu durumda anlam
olarak -DEN DOLAYI
They have built very modern houses since I eklinde
left my home town. kullanlmaktadr.

There's been no explanation about bombing

so far / (up) until now
from government so far.

They have recently been taking German *past simple tense de

lessons. short time ago
Recently / Lately*
anlamyla da
kullanlabilir.

FOR Istanbul Gold Exchange Office explained that the course of gold has
IN the last /
changed dramatically in the last five years.
DURING past
OVER
 IF YAYINLARI - GRAMMAR PACK 1 | VERB TENSES

6. PAST SIMPLE TENSE

A. Kesin zaman ifade eden TARH referanslar varsa;

In September 2003, the National Book Foundation ---- that Stephen King ---- the recipient of a
lifetime award. (YDS 2014 )

A) would be announcing / is to be

B) announces / has to be

C) had announced / used to be

D) had been announcing / has been

E) announced / would be

B. zne olarak ifadeler bellirli kii ya da kurumlar iaret ediyorsa;

C. Gemie dair referans kelimeler varsa;

The first English immigrants to what is now the United States ---- the Atlantic long after colonies
---- in Mexico and South America.

A) would be crossing / must have been established

B) had crossed / were established

C) will be crossing / have been established

7 D) cross / are established

E) crossed / had been established

D. Aklanmam ama THE article ieren referans noun varsa;

 IF YAYINLARI - GRAMMAR PACK 1 | VERB TENSES

7. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. ki olayn ana denk gelmesiyle ortaya kan parallel zaman kullanmn ifade eder. zellikle dikkat edilmesi
gereken 3 tane bala vardr. Yalnz bu balalar ikinci kullanmlaryla kartrmamak gerekir.

Zaman balac olarak Dier anlamyla

While soldiers were climbing One person wants out, while

-ken (ztlk) /
WHILE -ken the fortress, others tried to fire the other wants the
whereas*
the gate. relationship to continue.

The building collapsed just as Just as Aksaray, Antalya has

JUST AS -ken he arrived gibi (benzerlik) many historical tourist
(even as) attractions.

As I was jogging in the street, I

AS -ken gibi olarak - because
ran into my friend.

B. This time + gemi zaman referans kelimesi. (FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE KULLANIMI GB)

This time yesterday, we were fishing by the lake.

8. PAST PERFECT TENSE

A. Past Perfect Tense, gemi olaylar arasnda ncelik sonralk ilikisi kurarken kullanlr.

8 B. Past Perfect Tense, kullanlabilen tm ifadelerde PAST SIMPLE TENSE de tercih edilebilir.

C. Past Perfect Tense, ancak yannda yer alan bir PAST SIMPLE TENSE ile kullanlabilir. Yani Past Perfect
Tensei kafamza gre kullanma ansmz yoktur!

D. Gemite belli bir nokta referans alnmak kaydyla o zamandan nce yaplan ya da en son o zamana kadar
yaplan eylemlerin anlatmnda kullanlr.

By end of 1945, the USA had bombed (bombed) three different Japan location
By
including Nagazaki.

By the time By the time Jane arrived we had waited (waited) for 3 hours.

When Christophe Colombo reached the new continent, America, for European
When
civilization, it had been (was) home of many local tribes for thousands of years.

As soon as / Berlin was formally divided into two parts as soon as Berlin wall construction
After had been completed.

Greece had been under rule of the Ottomans until 1826, in which it gained its
Until*
freedom.
 IF YAYINLARI - GRAMMAR PACK 1 | VERB TENSES

9. FUTURE TENSES (SIMPLE)

A. Zaman balalarnn yannda WILL kullanm yoktur.

B. Intend, hope gibi fiiller iinde WILL barndrr. O yzden will ile takip edilmezler.

C. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE kullanabilmek iin gelecekte belli bir nokta ya da zaman aralna ya da ayn
anda yaplan iki eyleme dikkat ekmek gerekir.

This time next month, we will be saluting Russian flag in our school garden.

I will be giving a speech on recent foreign policies between five and six pm this evening.

I will be flying to New York when you receive the offers.

10. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE & FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. Future Perfect Tense ile F.P. Continuous arasnda bir fark yoktur.

B. Her iki tense de TAMAMLANMILIK anlam tamaktadr.

C. Future Perfect Tense aadaki ifadelerle beraber kullanlmaya baylr.

By Human will have begun to live on the moon by 2100.

US troops will have arrived in Mosul by the time ISIS terrorists decide to move
By the time
towards there.

9 Until
New king will have been chosen until neighbor kingdoms learn previous one has
died.
 IF YAYINLARI - GRAMMAR PACK 1 | VERB TENSES

11. REVISION TEST

1. Turkish TV soap operas ---- so popular in the 6. The wolves that ---- in Ethiopia some 100,000
Arabic World that the shows ---- a boom in years ago ---- into a separate and rare species.
(LYS5/10-6)
tourism from the Middle East to Turkey.
(LYS5/13)
A) had arrived / will have evolved
B) arrive / will evolve
A) have become / are driving
C) were arriving / had evolved
B) became / will drive
D) have arrived / evolved
C) had become / have driven
E) arrived / have evolved
D) become / had driven
E) will become / were driving
7. People in England ---- books about Turkey
2. Previous standards of data collection in since the 15th century, but unfortunately an
biology ---- typically limited to what ---- increase in quantity ---- by an increase in
interesting for some future experiment in the quality. (LYS5/10-7)
same laboratory. (LYS5/13) A) had been writing / does not match
B) are writing / will not be matched
A) are / must be C) had written / are not matching
B) had been / can be D) have been writing / has not been matched
C) were / might be E) wrote / had not been matched
D) have been / used to be
E) will be / could be 8. It ---- weeks since Harry ---- his mother
looking so relaxed and happy. (LYS5/10-8)
10 3. Tourists visiting China ---- Mount Lushan as a
magnificent mountain that ---- out of the
A) is / would have seen
B) had been / would see
water. (LYS5/12-6) C) would be / has seen
A) had described / should rise up D) will be / may have seen
B) described / would have risen up E) has been / saw
C) have described / rises up
D) would describe / will rise up 9. Most of the writers of grammars of English ----
E) were describing / has been rising up teachers, but some early grammar books of
English ---- by men such as playwrights,
scientists or philosophers. (LYS5/10-9)
4. The origins of Western cooking ---- ideas
about diet and nutrition that ---- during the A) are / can be written
17th century. (LYS5/12-7) B) have been / were written
C) were / could have been written
A) might be traced / have appeared
B) must be traced / appear D) had been / were written
C) have to be traced / were appearing E) may be / have been written
D) can be traced / appeared
E) could be traced / are appearing 10. Evil ---- when good people allow bad
things ----. (LYS5/09-11)
5. Bessie Smith, who ---- her stage career in the A) came / happened
1910s as a dancer and singer, ---- the most B) comes / to happen
well-known blues singer of the 1920s. (LYS5/12-8) C) will come / will happen
A) began / was D) may come / happening
B) had begun / had been E) had come / to have happened
C) has begun / has been
D) would begin / would be
E) was beginning / could be
 IF YAYINLARI - GRAMMAR PACK 1 | VERB TENSES

11. Before he ---- in museums, he ---- law in hopes 16. One of the great advances of astronomy over
of becoming a specialist in the legal aspects of recent years ---- the discovery of planets
antiquities. (LYS5/09-12) outside our solar system, and it is the first
real clue that we ---- alone in the universe.
A) will work / has studied (LYS5/08-12)

B) works / would study

A) is going to be / mustnt be
C) worked / had studied
B) is / were not
D) had worked / was studying
C) had been / will not be
E) has worked / studied
D) was / would not be
E) has been / may not be
12. The interviewer ---- during her interview with
the retired politician that he still ---- the 17. It was during Queen Victorias reign (1837-
dynamic presence that had once inspired the 1901) that there ---- a more democratic
entire country. (LYS5/09-13) system of government, which ---- with the
Reform Bill of 1832. (LYS5/08-13)
A) was realizing / had
B) will realize / would have A) had developed / began
C) realizes / is having B) has developed / has begun
D) has realized / will have C) develops / was to begin
E) realized / had D) developed / had begun
E) was developing / would begin

13. Pirates ---- a threat since ancient times; in

18. Often it is only when people ---- to do their job
fact, even hundreds of years ago, they ---- in
that they ---- our attention. (LYS5/08-14)
the Mediterranean Sea in search of valuable
cargo. (LYS5/09-14) A) fail / get
11 A) would have been / had sailed
B)
C)
have failed / had got
failed / have got
B) had been / have been sailing
D) will fail / are getting
C) have been / were sailing
E) will have failed / got
D) were / had been sailing
E) would be / have been sailing
19. The nuclear accident that ---- at the Chernobyl
reactor in April, 1986, ---- to new fears about
14. Scientists fear that if we ---- to use our natural the safety of nuclear reactors. (LYS5/08-15)
resources so unwisely, we ---- them up
A) has occurred / was to lead
completely by the end of this century. (LYS5/09-15)
B) would have occurred / led
A) have continued / have used C) occurred / has led
B) are continuing / are using D) could occur / had led
C) continued / had used E) had occurred / may have led
D) had continued / would have used
E) continue / will have used 20. Liberalism ---- the better part of the last four
centuries, though the word of it ---- until the
19th century. (FK)
15. From fossil analysis it ---- that, at the dawn of
the Cambrian period, which was 542 million A) spans / didn't occur
years ago, there ---- a dramatic increase in B) spanned / hasn't occurred
animal diversity. (LYS5/08-14) C) has spanned / could not occur
D) must span / hadn't occurred
A) had been established / has occurred
E) was spanning / shouldn't have occurred
B) has been established / occurred
C) was established / occurs
D) is to be established / had occurred
E) would be established / would have occurred
 IF YAYINLARI - GRAMMAR PACK 1 | VERB TENSES

21. Korea, which ---- by the Red Army following 22. Most historians of English literature ---- the
the Soviet Union's entry into the war against beginning of the Romantic Period as 1798 in
Japan, ---- at the 38th parallel on the orders of which Wordsworth ---- English poetry by
the U.S. War Department. (FK) publishing Lyrical Ballads. (FK)
A) was occupied / would be divided
B) had been occupied / was divided A) marked / had changed
C) would be occupied / may have been divided B) are marking /could change
D) must have been occupied / was divided C) had marked / was changing
E) could be occupied / had been divided D) may mark / must have changed
E) mark / changed

23. In October 1994, Israel and Jordan ---- a peace

treaty that formally ended the state of war
that ---- between the countries since 1948. (FK)

A) would sign / has existed

B) might have signed / existed
C) signed / had existed
D) could sign / would exist
E) had signed/ existed

12