Cau truc, hnh dang va kch thc cua may rat khac nhau.

Tuy theo ac iem s dung

cua no, co the phan thanh hai nhom ln :
- May dung e bien oi nang lng t dang nay sang dang khac cho thch hp
vi viec s dung c goi la may bien oi nang lng.
- May dung e thc hien cong viec gia cong c kh c goi la may cong cu.
Nhng may cong cu dung e bien oi hnh dang cua cac vat the kim loai bang
cach lay i mot phan the tch tren vat the ay vi nhng dung cu va chuyen ong khac
nhau c goi la may cat kim loai.
Theo tieu chuan Viet Nam, may cong cu bao gom nam loai :
- May cat kim loai.
- May gia cong go.
- May gia cong ap lc.
- May han.
- May uc.
Vat the can lam bien oi hnh dang goi la phoi hay chi tiet gia cong. Phan the
tch c lay i cua vat the goi la phoi. Dung cu dung e lay phoi ra khoi chi tiet gia
cong goi la dao cat.

II. CC DNG B MT GIA CNG

B mt hnh hc ca chi tit my rt a dng v ch to cc b mt ny trn cc my
ct kim loi c rt nhiu phng php khc nhau. c th xc nh cc chuyn ng
cn thit, tc l chuyn ng ca cc c cu chp hnh ca my to ra b mt , ngi
ta thng nghin cu cc dng b mt gia cng trn my ct kim loi. Cc dng b mt
thng gp l:

II.1. Dng tr trn xoay

II.1.1. ng chun l ng tron, sinh thng
Th hin mt tr c hnh thnh do ng sinh l ng thng quay chung
quanh ng chun l ng trn .

ng sinh

3
H. I-1. Dang be mat tron xoay, ng chuan tron , sinh thang
 ng chun

II.1.2. ng chun trn sinh, gy khc

ng sinh

ng chun
H. I-2. Dang be mat tron xoay, ng chuan tron, ng sinh gay

II.1.3 ng chun l ng tron, sinh cong

ng sinh

ng chun

H. I-3. Dang be mat tron xoay, ng chuan tron, ng sinh cong

II.2 Dng mt phang

II.2.1 ng chun l ng thang, sinh thng

ng sinh ng chuan

H. I-4. Dang be mat phang, ng chuan thang, ng sinh thang

II.2.2. ng chun l ng thang, sinh gy khc

ng chuan ng chuan ng chuan

ng sinh ng sinh ng sinh

H. I-5. Dang be mat phang, ng chuan thang, ng sinh gay khuc

II.2.3 ng chun l ng thang, sinh cong

ng chun ng sinh

ng sinh ng chun

H. I-5. Dang be mat phang, ng chuan thang, ng sinh cong

II.3 Cc dng ac bit
Trnh by cc dng mt tr, mt nn khng trn xoay v mt cam .
Ngoi ra b mt c bit cn c dng thn khai , arsimet, cnh turbin , my cho v.v
Tm li , t cc dng b ca cc dng ni trn, ta c th to ra chng bi hai loi ng
sinh sau y:

H. I-6. Dang be mat ac biet

 1. ng sinh do cc chuyn ng n gin: thng v quay trn u ca my to
nn nh ng thng, ng trn hay cung trn, ng thn khai, ng xon c
2. ng sinh do cc chuyn ng thng v quay trn, khng trn iu ca my
to nn nh ng parapl, hyperbl, ellip, xon logarit kt cu my thc hin cc
chuyn ng ny phc tp.
Nhng ng sinh ni trn chuyen ng tng i vi mt ng chun s to ra
b mt ca cc chi tit gia cng. Do , mt my ct kim loi mun to c b mt gia
cng phi truyn cho c cu chp hnh (dao v phi) cc chuyen ng tng i to
ra ng sinh v ng chun.
Nhng chuyn ng cn thit to nn ng sinh v ng chun gi l chuyn
ng to hnh ca my ct kim loi.

III. CC PHNG PHP TO HNH

III.1. Phng php theo vt
La phng phap hnh thanh be mat gia cong do tong cong cac iem chuyen ong
cua li cat, hay la quy tch cua cac chat iem hnh thanh nen be mat gia cong .

a3a 2a1

H. I-7. Phng phap gia cong theo vet

III.2. Phng php nh hnh
La phng phap tao hnh bang cach cho canh li cat trung vi ng sinh cua be
mat gia cong.

6
 H. I-8. Phng phap gia cong nh hnh

III.3. Phng php bao hnh

La phng phap dao cat chuyen ong hnh thanh cac ng iem, qu tch cac
ng iem hnh thanh ng bao va ng b bao, ng b bao chnh la ng sinh
chi tiet gia cong.

ng bao

a1 Li ct

a2

a3

ng b bao

IV. CHUYEN NGH.TO

I-9. Phng
HNH phap gia cong bao hnh

IV.1. nh ngha:
Chuyen ong tao hnh bao gom moi chuyen ong tng oi gia dao va phoi
e hnh thanh be mat gia cong.

7
 Chuyen ong tao hnh thng la chuyen ong vong va chuyen ong thang.
Trong chuyen ong tao hnh co the bao gom nhieu chuyen ong ma van toc cua
chung phu thuoc lan nhau. Cac chuyen ong nh the c goi la chuyen ong thanh
phan.
IV.2. Phn loi chuyn ng to hnh:
Phan loai theo moi quan he cac chuyen ong
Chuyen ong tao hnh n gian: la chuyen ong co cac c cau chap hanh
khong phu thuoc vao nhau.

II
I I
n n

T II
H. I-10. Chuyen ong tao hnh n gian

Chuyen ong tao hnh phc tap : la chuyen ong co cac c cau chap
hanh phu thuoc vao nhau.

tp
I I

I
1

H. I-11. Chuyen ong tao hnh phc tap I 2

Chuyn ng to hnh va n gin va phc tp: La chuyen ong co cac chuyen

ong cho c cau chap hanh phu thuoc va khong phu thuoc vao nhau
tp Phoi
Q
1

T Q2
T hp gia chuyn ng to hnh vi phng php g t: Khong phai ch
H. I-12. Chuyen ong tao hnh va n gian va phc tap
anh gia ung hnh dang be mat, phng phap gia cong va chuyen ong tao hnh, tat
yeu hnh thanh be mat gia cong, nhng hnh dang chi tiet con phu thuoc vao v tr ga
at dao va phoi.

8
 T

H. I-12. To hp gia cac chuyen ong tao hnh

V. S O KET CAU ONG HOC

V.1. nh ngha:
S o ket cau ong hoc la mot loai s o quy c, bieu th nhng moi quan he ve
cac chuyen ong tao hnh va cac ky hieu c cu nguyn l my, v ni tip hnh thanh
s o, v ng truyn ng cua may. c gi l s kt cu ng hc.
Trong mot s o ket cau ong hoc co nhieu xch truyen ong e thc hien cac
chuyen ong tao hnh.

C
Phoi
iv
n

is Ban dao
s
tx

H. I-13. S o ket cau ong hoc

V.2. Phn loi s kt cu ng hc

V.2.1 S o ket cau ong hoc n gian
La s o ket cau ong hoc thc hien cac chuyen ong tao hnh n gian, bao gom
cac xch truyen ong, thc hien cac chuyen ong oc lap khong phu thuoc vao nhau,
nh may phay, may khoan, may mai

C1
i1 Dao phay
n

s Ban may
i2 tx
C2
9
 H. I-14. S o ket cau ong hoc may chuyen ong n gian
V.2.2. S o ket cau ong hoc phc tap:
La s o ket co cac chuyen ong tao hnh phc tap, bao gom viec to hp hai
hoac mot so chuyen ong hnh phu thuoc vao nhau hnh thanh be mat gia cong.

C
tp
i Phoi
v
Q

i
s T Ban dao
tx

H. I-14. S o ket cau ong hoc may chuyen ong phc tap

V.2.3. S o ket cau ong hoc hon hp:

Bao gom xch tao hnh va n gian va phc tap. S o ket cau ong hoc cua
may phay ren vt la mot ac trng cho loai xch tao hnh nay.

C
1 tp Phoi
iv
Q1

is Q2
Dao
i
T
C2
tx

H. I-15. S o ket cau ong hoc may chuyen ong va n gian va phc tap

b. Xch phan o
Ngoai cac xch thc hien chuyen ong tao hnh trong may cat kim loai con co
xch phan o. No khong thc hien chuyen ong tao hnh nhng lai can thiet e hnh

10
thanh cac be mat gia cong theo yeu cau ky thuat nh l gia cong banh rang, ren nhieu
au moi
Trong xch phn ngi ta chia ra lm hai loi.
- Phan o bang tay
- Phan o t ong bang may

Truc chnh
Truc chnh

i
i
a phan o a phan o

C
Chot
nh v Ly hp
Chot nh v

H. I-16.Phan loai s o xch phan o

- Phoi quay phan o

H. I-17.S o ket cau ong hoc phoi quay phan o

- Dao tnh tien phan o

11
 iv phi

is

H. I-18.S o ket cau ong hoc dao tnh tien phan o phan o

- Phoi quay phan o va dao tnh tien phan o

H. I-19. S o ket cau ong hoc phoi quay phan o va dao tnh tien phoi o

c. Xch vi sai
e hnh thanh be mat gia cong, tren mot so MCKL can xch truyen ong tong
hp e bu tr mot so chuyen ong truyen en khau chap hanh. C cau tong hp
chuyen ong thng dung nhat la c cau vi sai va xch truyen ong thc hien tong hp
chuyen ong goi la xch vi sai.
Chuyen ong vi sai c dung trong trng hp can truyen en khau chap hanh
mot chuyen ong phu thuoc chu ky, khi khong can ngng chuyen ong cac khau chap
hanh. Co khi ngi ta dung xch vi sai e thc hien mot chuyen ong khong eu.

C
Phoi
iv
Q
12
ix Cam
is VS
iy tx
 V du : S o ket cau ong hoc cua may tien ht lng dung xch vi sai
Truc cam nhan hai nguon chuyen ong t c cau ieu chnh ix va iy. C cau vi
sai (VS) thc hien viec tong hp hai chuyen ong nay thanh mot chuyen ong a
c bu tr chuyen en cam.

VI. PHN LOI V K HIU

VI.1. Phn loi my
VI.1.1. Theo iu khin

- iu khin bng c kh
- iu khin bng thy lc

- iu khin bng chng trnh s

VI.1.2. Theo phng php cng dng
- May tien
- May phay
- May bao
- May mai
- May khoan
- May doa
VI.1.3. Theo trnh vn nng
- May van nang
- May chuyen mon hoa
- May chuyen dung
VI.1.4. Theo mc chnh xc
- May chnh xac thng
- May chnh xac nang cao
- May chnh xac cao
- May chnh xac ac biet cao
VI.1.5. Theo mc t ng ha
- May van nang

13
 - May ban t ong
- May t ong
VI.1.6. Theo khi lng
- May loai nhe ( 1 tan)
- May loai trung bnh ( 10 tan)
- May loai trung bnh nang (10 30 tan)
- May loai nang (30 100 tan)
- May loai ac biet nang (> 100 tan)
VI.2. K hiu
VI.2.1 K hiu may
May thng c ky hieu bang cac so va cac ch cai. moi nc co ky hieu khac
nhau.
Ky hieu may cat kim loai cua Viet Nam nh sau :
- Ch cai e ch loai may nh ch T ch loai may tien, P - may phay, B - may bao,
K - may khoan, M - may mai
- Cac ch so khac e ch mc o van nang, kch thc c ban cua may.
V du : May T620
T : May tien
6 : Loai may tien van nang thong thng
20 : Mot phan mi cua chieu cao t bang may en ng tam may (200 mm)
V du : May K135
K : May khoan.
1 : Loai may khoan ng.
35 : ng knh mui khoan ln nhat gia cong c tren may (mm).
Ky hieu may cat kim loai cua Lien Xo trc ay the hien bang ba hay bon ch so.
- Ch so th nhat ch loai may (nh tien -1, khoan -2, mai -3, phay -6, bao -7 )
- Ch so th hai ch kieu may (nh t ong, revonve, may thng)
- Ch so th ba va th t ch mot trong nhng thong so quan trong nhat cua may
(ng knh ln nhat cua phoi ma may co the gia cong, chieu cao mui tam truc chnh
en bang may)
- oi khi co ch cai au hay gia nhng ch so ke tren ch may mi c cai
tien t may c s.
V du : May 2A150
So 2 : May khoan
So 1 : May khoan ng
So 50 : ng knh mui khoan ln nhat la 50 mm
Ch A : S cai tien cua may so vi may trc o
V du : May 1K62

14
 So 1 : May tien
So 6 : May tien thng
So 2 : Khoang cach cua mui tam truc chnh en bang may la 200 mm
Ch K : S cai tien cua may

K HIEU MAY CAT KIM LOAI (Tieu chuan Lien Xo)

15
 MAY CAT LOAI MAY
NHOM
MAY
KIM LOAI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1-Truc
May tien May tien
May tien Cac loai
T va T va May tien May tien May tien May tien May tien
May tien 1 chuyen may

2- Khp noi
- Co nh
- an hoi
BT 1 BT nhieu Revolve cat t ng van nang nhieu dao

- Cac ang
dung khac

Ten goi
truc chnh truc chnh
May khoan
May khoan May Cac loai
May khoan May khoan ban T May doa May khoan May doa May doa
2 BT 1 truc khoan may
va may doa ng nhieu truc toa o can ngang chnh xac
chnh ngang khac
chnh
May mai May mai Cac loai
May mai May mai May mai May mai
May mai 3 May mai tho chuyen dung cu may
tron ngoai lo phang tinh
dung cat khac

Ky hieu
VI.2. Ky hieu c cau nguyen ly may
May van May ban t
May to hp 4 May t ong
nang ong
May gia
May gia May gia May gia May gia May mai Cac loai
May xoc May phay cong truc May gia
cong ren va 5 cong banh cong mat cong tinh ren va may
rang lan rang vt banh cong ren

9- Ly hp
rang rang con au rang rang rang khac
vt

- ai oc lien
May May ohay May

Ten goi
168- Vt me ai oc
- ai oc hai na
May phay May May phay Cac loai
May phay phay ng phay
May phay 6 ng cong phay au trt may

- Ly hp vau 1 chieu
lien tuc chep khong cong ngang
son ging van nang khac
hnh son cong son
May bao May bao Cac loai
May bao, May bao May chuot May chuot
7 ging 1 ging 2 May xoc may
xoc va chuot ngang ngang ng
tru tru khac
May cat May nan Cac loai
May tien May ca May ca May ca May ca
May cat t 8 t bang thang va may
cat t vong ma sat ai a li

Ky hieu
hat mai cat t khac
May nan
May kiem Cac loai
Cac loai May cat thang va May May can
9 May ca tra dung cu may
may khac ren ong tien phoi phan o bang
cat khac
thanh
Bang ky hieu cac c cau nguyen ly may

17