Education and training outlook for occupations, 2010-20

The 749 occupations for which BLS In 2010, about one-third of jobs were in
prepared 2010-20 employment occupations that typically require
projections received assignments in
three categories: typical entry-level postsecondary education for entry
education, work experience in a
related occupation, and typical on- Doctoral or professional
the-job training needed to attain degree
competency. In 2010, about one- 26% Master's degree
third of jobs were in occupations
3%
that typically require postsecondary Bachelor's degree
education for entry. 1 The largest 1%
share among the postsecondary Associate's degree
groups was bachelors degree. A
bachelors degree was the typical 15% Postsecondary non-degree
entry-level education for 15 percent award
of jobs in 2010. Most jobs in 2010 Some college, no degree
43%
were classified as high school 6%
diploma or equivalent or less than 5% High school diploma or
high school. equivalent
1 1% Less than high school
These data are for 2010 employment summed by
typical entry-level education assignment. The
actual educational attainment of workers is
different. Neither the 2010 data nor the projected Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections Program
2020 data reflect actual or estimated numbers of
workers by educational attainment.

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Occupations that typically require a masters
degree for entry are projected to grow the Occupations that typically
fastest from 2010 to 2020 require a masters degree for
entry are projected to grow
Average, all occupations = the fastest during the 2010-20
Percent change, projected 2010-20 14.3%
decade, followed by doctoral
Doctoral or professional
19.9% or professional degree and
degree
associates degree
Master's degree 21.7% occupations. All of the
postsecondary groups are
Bachelor's degree 16.5% projected to grow faster than
the average of 14.3 percent.
Associate's degree 18.0%
The slowest growth is
Postsecondary non-degree projected to be in occupations
16.9%
award with high school diploma or
Some college, no degree 17.5% equivalent as the typical
entry-level education.
High school diploma or
12.2%
equivalent

Less than high school 14.1%

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections Program

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 The most new jobs from 2010 to 2020 are
projected to be in occupations that typically
Most new jobs from 2010 to 2020
will not require a college degree.
can be entered with a high school diploma
About 7.6 million jobs will require
only a high school diploma or Thousands of jobs, projected 2010-20
equivalent for entry. About 3.6
Doctoral or professional degree 876.6
million new jobs are projected to be
in occupations assigned bachelors
Master's degree 431.2
degree.
Bachelor's degree 3,651.6
Occupations assigned high school
as the typical entry-level education
Associate's degree 1,440.0
include very large occupations that
are projected to add many jobs due Postsecondary non-degree award 1,100.9
to their large size. These
occupations include retail Some college, no degree 142.2
salespersons, general office clerks,
and customer service High school diploma or equivalent 7,576.1
representatives.
Less than high school 5,245.7

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections Program

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 Apprenticeship and internship/residency With regard to on-the-job training

occupations are projected to grow the

(OJT), the fastest employment
growth is projected to be in
fastest during the 2010-20 decade occupations that typically require
an apprenticeship. Most of the
Average, all occupations = apprenticeship occupations are
Percent change, projected 2010-20 14.3%
construction occupations. The
Internship/residency 16.7% construction industry was greatly
affected by the 2007-09 recession.
Rapid growth is projected for
Apprenticeship 22.5% many construction occupations as
the industry recovers from the
recession; however, this growth
Long-term OJT (more than 12
months) 12.5% represents only a partial recovery
of jobs lost.
Moderate-term OJT (1-12
12.9% The second fastest employment
months)
growth is projected to be in
occupations assigned
Short-term OJT (less than 1
13.5% internship/residency. Included in
month)
this group are physicians, dentists,
teachers, psychologists, and social
None 15.6% work occupations such as mental
health counselors and marriage
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections Program and family therapists.

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 Most high school occupations require
on-the-job training
Most occupations that
Occupations in the high school category by on-the-job
typically require only a high training (OJT) assignment, 2010
school diploma or equivalent
also require on-the-job training 4% Apprenticeship
(OJT) to attain competency in
the skills needed in the 8%
occupation. In 2010, 92 14% Long-term OJT
percent of occupations (more than 12
assigned high school as the months)
typical entry level education
29% Moderate-term OJT
required OJT. OJT includes
(1 to 12 months)
occupation-specific training,
not job-specific training; skills
learned can be transferred to Short-term OJT
another job in the same (less than 1 month)
occupation. 45%
None
In 2010, about 45 percent of
occupations assigned high
school as the typical entry-
level education needed Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections Program
moderate-term OJT.
Moderate-term OJT lasts from
1 to 12 months.

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 The typical path is the intersection of the
education, work experience, and OJT
The fastest growing paths include many assignments. Healthcare occupations are
represented in the fastest growing paths
healthcare occupations on this chart. Due to the aging of the
population, most healthcare occupations
are projected to grow much faster than
Percent change, projected 2010-20 Average, all
occupations = 14.3% average.
Education, work experience, OJT
Associate's, None, None 23.7% The Associates, None, None path
includes physical therapy and
Doctoral-professional, None,
Internship-residency 23.4% occupational therapy assistants, dental
hygienists, registered nurses, and other
Master's, None, None 22.6% healthcare occupations along with some
science and engineering technician
High school, None, Apprenticeship 22.5%
occupations.
High school, 1-5 years, Short-term OJT 20.4% The Doctoral-professional, None,
Postsecondary non-degree award, Internship-residency path largely consists
None, None 19.2% of physicians and surgeons and dentists.
The Masters, None, None path has
Doctoral-professional, None, None 18.9%
healthcare, counseling and social work,
and social science occupations.
Bachelor's, None, None 18.5%
Less than high school, None, The High school, None, Apprenticeship
17.1%
Moderate-term OJT path mainly includes construction
occupations. Construction is projected to
Bachelor's, 1-5 years, None 16.6%
grow rapidly as it recovers from the
2007-09 recession, but that will be only a
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections Program
partial recovery of jobs lost.

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Occupations that typically require
postsecondary education for entry Occupations that typically require
postsecondary education for entry have
paid more than the median annual
wage for all occupations in May
2011 $34,460. The highest median
wage was for doctoral or professional
higher wages
degree occupations. Workers in
occupations typically requiring an Median annual wages, May 2011
associates degree, bachelors degree,
or masters degree for entry were paid Less than high school
nearly twice as much as the median
$20,210
wage for all occupations. Masters High school diploma or
$34,730
degree occupations include various equivalent
counselor, therapist, and social work
$45,590 Some college, no degree
occupations, which tend to be lower-
paying occupations.
$34,630 Postsecondary non-degree
The median annual wage for award
occupations that need only a high $62,850 Associate's degree
diploma for entry was a little more
than the overall median wage. $64,590 Bachelor's degree
However, there are high-paying
occupations in this category; eighteen $61,360 Master's degree
had median annual wages of more
than $60,000. All of these higher- $88,800 Doctoral or professional
paying high school occupations require degree
additional preparation in the form of
work experience, OJT, or a Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections Program and Occupational
combination of both. Employment Statistics Survey.

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Median wages are highest for occupations
that typically require more than 5 years of
work experience
Median annual wages are
highest for occupations that
typically require more than 5
Median annual wages, May 2011 years of work experience in a
related occupation. Most of
None the occupations that typically
need work experience are
$31,680 Less than 1 year
managers or supervisors. The
1 to 5 years highest paying occupation that
More than 5 years typically requires more than 5
$32,370 years of work experience is
chief executives at $166,910;
that occupation typically
requires a bachelors degree
$53,490 for entry.

$89,360

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections Program and Occupational
Employment Statistics Survey.

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For more information on the BLS education and training system, visit
April 2012 Monthly Labor Review Employment projections through the lens of education and training

Methodology http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_education_tech.htm

Definitions for the categories http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_definitions_edtrain.pdf

Data tables
Education and training categories by detailed occupation http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_112.htm

Employment by summary education and training assignment, 2010 and projected 2020
http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_education_summary.htm

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