University of Szeged, Faculty of

MedicineDepartment of Anatomy,
Histology and Embryology

HISTOLOGY PRACTICE 1.

Introduction
Epithelia

Molnr Gergely
2014
Tissue preparation for microscopy
Fixation: e. g. formaldehyde, alcohols
(dehydration, solvent change)
Embedding: e. g. paraffin
Sectioning: microtome usually 8-20m thick
(paraffin extraction, solvent change )
Staining:
most common: hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)
special dyes: PAS, orcein, silver impregnation
Covering
The microscope TOTAL MAGNIFICATION:
magn. of the ocular magn. of the objective

Ocular lens
Head locking screw

Arm (Handhold)
Objective lens -
Revolver

Stage
Focusing knobs:
coarse focus knob
Condenser fine focus knob
(Diaphragm)

Mains
Stage position
adjustment knobs
Brightness
 The types of epithelial tissues
Covering epithelia
simple covering epithelia
simple squamous epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
stratified covering epithelia
stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
stratified cuboidal epithelium
stratified columnar epithelium
urothelium (transitional epithelium)
Glandular epithelia
serous
mucinous
Sensory epithelium
Pigmented epithelium
34. Kidney (HE, 40x):
1. Simple squamous epithelium Cortex

Medulla

Renal pelvis

renal corpuscle
34. Kidney (HE):
2. Simple cuboidal epithelium Cortex

simple cuboidal simple squamous

epithelium epithelium Medulla

Renal pelvis

renal tubules
34. Kidney (HE):
3. Simple columnar epithelium Cortex

simple cuboidal simple (low) columnar

epithelium epithelium
Medulla

Renal pelvis

Endothel
(simple squamous
epithelium)

Renal tubules
34. Kidney (HE, 40x): 4. Urothelium (transitional ep.)
Cortex

Renal pelvis
3
1 2

Medulla

Renal pelvis
1. columnar basal cell layer
2. polygonal (pear shaped) cells
3. superficial facet (umbrella) cells

3
1 2 3 2 1

relaxed urothelium
full bladder; stretched state (in ureter)
32. Trachea (HE): Tracheal cartilage

Pseudostratified ciliar columnar

epithelium
Lumen
Lumen

Kinocilia Membranous wall

(sectioned)

?
20. Esophagus (HE, 40x):
Lumen
Stratified squamous
nonkeratinized epithelium

3. Stratum planocellulare

2. Stratum polygonale
(Str. spinosum)

1. Stratum basale
(Str. germinativum)

Basement membrane
54. Finger skin epidermis (HE, 10x):
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

5. Stratum corneum

EPIDERMIS 4. Stratum lucidum

3. Stratum granulosum
2. Stratum polygonale
1. Stratum basale
(Str. germinativum)

connective tissue papillae

DERMIS
of the dermis
54. Finger skin epidermis (HE, 40x):
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

5. Stratum corneum

4. Stratum lucidum
3. Stratum granulosum

EPIDERMIS

2. Stratum polygonale

1. Stratum basale
Basement (Str. germinativum)
membrane

DERMIS

connective tissue papillae

of the dermis
 Glandular epithel A

A) direction of the secretion:

endocrine
exocrine: duct + secretory portion
B) type of the secretion:
merocrine B

apocrine
holocrine
C) type of the secret: C
mucous
serous
D) position of the gland:
endoepithelial E
exoepithelial
E) form of the gland:
simple, coiled, branched and compound
tubular, alveolar (acinar), tubuloalveolar (tubuloacinar)
1. Unicellular glands (small intestine): Goblet cells (40x)
(endoepithelial + mucous + exocrine glands)
periodic acid-Schiff stain (PAS) + hematoxylin

Simple columnar epithelium

of intestinal villi

Brush border

Goblet cells
(inflated, PAS-positive granula;
displaced basophilic nucleus)
 Lum
32. Trachea ( HE, 20x):

en
Exocrine glands Tracheal
(Tracheal glands) cartilage

Serous acini Pseudostratified

ciliated columnar
epithelium

Mucous acini

Giannuzzis serous demilune

 Identify the type of the
epithelia in the following
sections!
Name the structures shown
by the arrows!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Type of the
epithelium? ?
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

1.

2.
12.

3.

2.
1.
13.

The type of the

gland?
14.
15.
16.
Name of the
structure?

Type of the acini?

Name of the
staining technique?
17.
18.
19.

1.

4.
2.

3.

5.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
Correct answers:
1. Simple columnar epithelium (small intestine)
2. Stratified columnar epithelium (male urethra)
3. Urothelium with umbrella cells (urinary bladder)
4. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium and simple squamous
epithelium (cornea)
5. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium (respiratory tract)
6. Goblet cells stained with PAS (small intestine)
7. Simple cuboidal epithelium (medulla of kidney)
8. Stratified columnar epithelium (male urethra)
9. Simple columnar epithelium (gallbladder)
10.Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium (skin)
11.Simple columnar epithelium HE + goblet cells (1.), brush border (2.)
stained with PAS (duodenum)
12. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium (str. granulosum (1.),
lucidum (2.), corneum(3.)
13. Stratified columnar epithelium + multicellular endoepithelial gland
(male urethra)
14. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium (tail of the epididymis)
15. Mesothelium
16. Mucinous acini + ductus salivaris stained for mucin (mucicarmin)
(glandula subligualis)
17. Urothelium with umbrella cells (urinary bladder)
18. Serous acini (parotis)
19. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium + goblet cells (1.) + demilune of
Gianuzzi (2.) + serous acini (3.) + duct (4.) + mucinous acinus (5.)
(respiratory tract)
20. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium (esophagus, vagina)
21. Urothelium (ureter)
22. Simple columnar epithelium (uterus)
23. Simple cuboidal epithelium (medulla of kidney)

24. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium (respiratory tract)

25. Simple ciliated columnar epithelium (oviduct)

26. Simple squamous and cuboidal epithelium (medullary zone of the

kidney)

27. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium (tail of the epididymis)