Thesis Final Draft No Appendices

St.
Theresas School of Novaliches
THE IMPACT OF DEPRESSION TO SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS

OF ST. THERESA SCHOOL OF NOVALICHES AS PERCEIVED BY THE
STEM STUDENTS DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR 2016-2017
A Thesis presented to
Dr.Jovanny Cornelia
Of St. Theresa school of Novaliches
In partial fulfillment of the

Requirements of Daily Research
By:
Cinco, Jeline
Federez, Mark Genesis
Velasquez, Marvin Ryan
Jarabe,John Aivan
Sacro,Jorland
Apdua,John Michael
March 16, 2017

ABSTRACT
Title :
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St.Theresas School of Novaliches
THE IMPACT OF DEPRESSION TO SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS OF

ST. THERESA SCHOOL OF NOVALICHES AS PERCEIVED BY THE STEM
STUDENTS DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR 2016-2017
Researcher : Cinco Jeline,Federez Mark Genesis, Velasquez Marvin Ryan,

Jarabe John Aivan, Sacro Jorland, Apdua John Michael
Institution : St. Theresas School of Novaliches
Year : 2016-2017
Adviser: Dr.Jovanny Cornelia
The main purspose of this study was to determine what are the Impacts of
depression to senior highscool students of STSN Specifically it attempted to
determine the following: Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the
following variables : Name, Age, Gender and Strand it also aims to answer the
following questions : what are the variables that affects a person that leds to
depression what are the palpable symptoms that you can see as a person
becomes depressed and what are the treatments that they undergo to treat theire
depression
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This Study uses the descriptive method for it focuses on describing a
structure of an organization which involves the population this particular method
was chosen for its appropriateness and capability to answer problems related the
study and its qualitative and quantitative description of current status, traits
nature of the respondents and by using Slovins formula 99 Stem Students were
selected as respondents by the researchers. Systematic random sampling
technique was used too, to include respondents who were suspected to know
something about our topic which is depression
Findings:
The following are findings of the data drawn from the analysis of data in order of
the statement of the problem
1. With the regards to demographic profile, it reveals that 14-17 years old
compromises majority of the population on the other hand ages 20 and above
who answered have the least number, in the demographic profile. it reveals that
male compromises majority of the respondents. on the other hand female
respondents have the least number
2. With the regards to demographic profile, it reveals that stem 5 has the least
number of population who were surveyed, on the other hand stem 1,2,3
respondents have the same rate
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3. it can be seen that the indicator" family problems" is the most dominating
reason why a person experiences depression as perceived by students on the
other hand indicators " Influence of other people" ,Being timid or shy " " Entering
intimate relationship at young age" and "Certain experiences have the same rate
as it was perceived by the respondents
4. The most dominating reason/ Symptom why a person experiences depression
was " Being bothered by your own thoughts" followed by 4 indicators " Being
Anxious or restless", " Troubles falling asleep" "Change of environment" And "
Displeased about everything " have the same rate as the respondents perceived
it .moreover the indicator " Hurting yourself in some ways has the least weighted
mean it can be gleamed that the indicator " Being supported by your own family"
is the most dominating indicator relating on how a preson can recuperate from
depression,
Conclusions :
1. Therefore we conclude that most number of the respondents are in the
age bracket 14-17 years old. More male respondents are inclined
compare to female respondente. majority of the respondents are from
stem 5
2. Family problem greatly affects the reason why a students suffer from
depression " financial problems" "influence of other people" " Being Timid
or shy" " entering intimate relationship at young age and certain
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experiences have the same rate. out of 99 respondents 63 % agreed that
family problems greatly affects a person which leds into depression

3. The researchers conclude that " Being Bothered by your own thoughts is
the most dominant symptom as a depressed person experiences rather
than "hurting yourself in some ways"
Recommendations
The researchers recommends the following as the best ways to recuperate from
depression
1. Learn as much as you can about your depression. Its
important to determine whether your depression symptoms are due to an
underlying medical condition. If so, that condition will need to be treated
first. The severity of your depression is also a factor. The more severe the
depression, the more intensive the treatment you're likely to need.
2. It takes time to find the right treatment. It might take some trial
and error to find the treatment and support that works best for you. For
example, if you decide to pursue therapy it may take a few attempts to
find a therapist that you really click with. Or you may try an
antidepressant, only to find that you don't need it if you take a daily half
hour walk. Be open to change and a little experimentation.
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3. Dont rely on medications alone. Although medication can relieve
the symptoms of depression, it is not usually suitable for long-term use.
Other treatments, including exercise and therapy, can be just as effective
as medication, often even more so, but don't come with unwanted side
effects. If you do decide to try medication, remember that medication
works best when you make healthy lifestyle changes as well.
4. Get social support. The more you cultivate your social connections,
the more protected you are from depression. If you are feeling stuck,
dont hesitate to talk to trusted family members or friends, or seek out
new connections at a depression support group, for example. Asking for
help is not a sign of weakness and it wont mean youre a burden to
others. Often, the simple act of talking to someone face-to-face can be an
enormous help.
5. Treatment takes time and commitment. All of these depression
treatments take time, and sometimes it might feel overwhelming or
frustratingly slow. That is normal. Recovery usually has its ups and
downs.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to extend their sincere gratitude to
their parents, for their time and patience, financial support and for allowing
them to stay late up at night to finish this paper
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The Researchers extends their sincerest gratitude and appreciation

To the following individuals whose guidance and assistance led to the
completetion of this study
Mr.Jovanny Cornelia, Our research teacher for introducing us how to
make a proper research paper, for sharing words of encouragement, for
teaching us he basics of thesis writing , for arranging the schedule of
defense and for proof reading works and helping through out the thesis
making
And above all to our ALMIGHTY GOD, for his divine intervention and
never ending Guidance

The Researchers
DEDICATION
All those sleepless nights, endless worries
Hardships and great efforts

Made to finish this piece of work
Are dedicated to
Our School, STSN

Our teachers
Our Thesis Adviser
Our Parents
Our Brothers and Sisters
Our Bestfriends
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And Most especially to

Our section
The Researchers
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i...1

Approval sheet ii...2
Acknowledgement iii..8
Dedication iv..9
Thesis abstract v
CHAPTER 1 : THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND..
1.1 Introduction 14
1.2 Statement of the problem.19
1.3 Statement of the hypothesis.20
1.4 Significance of the study25
1.5 Scope and delimitation...30
1.6 Definition of terms.31
CHAPTER 2 : THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Review of the related literature.32
CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design. .58
3.2 Research Locale58
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3.3 Sample.59
3.4 Instrumentation...61
3.5 Procedure for Data collection62
3.6 Statistical treatment of data62
CHAPTER 4 : PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
DATA
4.1 . 63
CHAPTER 5 : SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary of findings..73
5.2 Conclusions.75
5.3 Research Recommendations,76
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
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CHAPTER 1 :
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This part of thesis includes the following
1.1 Background of the study

1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Significance of the study
1.4 Hypothesis
1.5 Scope and limitations
Introduction:
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Depression is the common cold of mental disorders most people will be
affected by depression in their lives either directly or indirectly, through a friend or
family member. Confusion is commonplace about depression, for example, about
what depression exactly is and what makes it different from just feeling down.
There is also confusion surrounding the many types of depression that people
experience unipolar depression, biological depression, manic depression,
seasonal affective disorder, dysthymia, etc. There have been so many terms
used to describe this set of feelings weve all felt at one time or another in our
lives, it may be difficult to understand the difference between just being blue and
having clinical depression.
Depression is characterized by a number of common symptoms. These include a
persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood, and feelings of hopelessness or
pessimism that lasts nearly every day, for weeks on end. A person who is
depressed also often has feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and helplessness.
They no longer take interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once
enjoyed; this may include things like going out with friends or even sex.
Insomnia, early-morning awakening, and oversleeping are all common.
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1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY :

Depression is a common thing which a student may experience. It may be a
common thing to be experienced but depression is one of the most severe
mental illness that a person may experience and shouldnt taken lighty
throughout the nation and our world people are suffering from this disease.
Depression affects people of both genders, all ages and any background. People
once believed that teens never went to any form of severe depression. Some still
believe this is to be true, but if it is , why were teens homicidal and suicidal ? this
report should give support to the fact that a teens depression deserves attention,
not the shrug of the shoulders or the turn of a back.
Depression is defined as the point or points is one lifetime when they are
mentally unstable and the emotional state marked by sadness, discouragement
and loss that can occur during the teenage years. Depression causes changes in
behavior thinking and especially changes in ones everyday life Depression
amongst the teens generally starts when a child hits his puberty, but could
possibly begin the day they were born if chemically imbalanced ( Heredity), A
psychiatrist at penn foundation ( England) said that depression can affect anyone
anytime and anywhere. Teens , children , and adults are affected, some even
have the same problem in common, the causes too. Depression is experienced
mostly by teens even though it is mistakenly classified as an adult illness.
Twenty percent of highschool students are deeply unhappy or have some kind of
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psychiatric problem the cause for depression in teens are sometimes more
harsh than the cause of adults. In a teens lifetime they have to face many
problems and sometimes they have to experience these problems more than
once. Teens have to deal with peer pressure problems at school, problems at
home, the death of love one and if they are already using drugs this could also
be a cause. Many teens also have to deal with the point in their life when they
wonder if they are attractive to other people, the opposite sex if they do believe
that they are un attractive they will most likely feel as though they have failed at
something. Then they will act as if they no longer care about much at all.
Depression also comes after a teenagers is trying to learn about him/herself and
understands their body, and their emotion towards others.
Sometimes these emotions have to deal with homosexuality and finding out
whether or not they like people of the same gender. To many people the idea of
homosexuality is disgusting and most people know how others feel about it so
when someone who thinks that he or she is gay, they feel out of place especially
of their family friends and love ones are homophobic. Another cause of
depression may be the acne drug accutane. There was a study on this drug
.Researchers have tested accutane on one person and this person used it for
few months, then after a while signs of depression began to appear.When the
drug had stopped being used by the person , the sign of depression is cleared
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another cause of depression is said to be smoking, and that most depressed
teenagers who are fact depressed have been smoking
Teenagers who smoked were at an increases risk of depression at 73 % higher
than other teens sometimes teens may be depressed and it will be easy for
people to notice, this is not always the case. In very teen life, at some point they
are in a roller coaster ride for this reason it is hard for anyone even the parents,
to distinguish depression from just a plain bad day. This is why it is important for
parents to know what to look for, otherwise something bad may happened , to go
around and meet with the teachers to see how they are doing in classes and how
they are acting when you are not around as some teens becames depressed
they sometimes begin not to care for their grades and may not try too hard to
keep up in the classes teens also may begin to isolate themselves from friends
and family and only hang around in their room by themselves or try and try to get
moments for themselves. If someone is depressed their sleeping patterns may
change, either theyll sleep all the time or not at all. They may also act our more
either for the attention,hopinh someone will notice their needs or just to irritate
others, if youre depressed youre oftend irritated at yourself, you may start feel
guilty but may heve no reason to, you may make rash decisions and go through
with things without tinking of the outcome . Lastly , you may make the most
devastating decision of threatening suicide or even worse goint trough it, Most
children suffering from depression dont say theyre sad. They dont appear to be
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gloomy Instead they are often extremely irritable, Depression has an effect on a
lot of people, most of all the people who care, Depression causes stress on
everyone, who is involved with the depressed person, they may try to help but
usually the person who is depressed believes that no one cares for them and will
basically tell everyone to take a hike
Depression in teens life may make the parents feel as if its entirely theire own
fault but its not. Sometimes which is basically most of the time the effects of
depression will take a very drastic turn for the worse, commiting suicide
In some cases teens are able to deal with what they are going through and get
the help they need, while others feel theres not use. Some teens also feels as if
they are the cause for everything that has been going trough and think that killing
themselves the world would be a better place for everyone, In most cases some
parents know ore have and idea that their child may be suicidal , but usually the
topic doesnt arise, This because parents believed that if they are talking to their
child about suicide they will get ideas and attempt tto escape any problems the
parents are wrong in doing this because if the teens know that someon cares
they may feel better about everything that has been happening. This way if they
are talked to they will be able to express their feelings and maybe get the help
that they need and deserve.
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Suicide occurs when someone has an unclear thoughts an they mis with their
depression resulting in a deadly outcome
Psychotherapy is one on one sessions with a psychiatrist who may be able to
see why you were depressed and help to make you understand yourself and why
you feel the ways that you do. The best way to go is to help groups because this
way you are around people that you know have gone through the same kind of
thing and will understand you better. But also the reason that is so good is
because you are allowed to bring family and friends so that you will be able to go
trough it with people who care for you and whom you care about.
Everywhere you go, you hear people saying that the children are the future. If
thses children are teens that was depressed right now how will it be in 20 years ?
or whent they have high ranking jobs which influences everyone so mucs ? they
still be depressed if no one reached out for them and their needs,
In the end people are fragile and always looking for help of others , but the only
thing is they dont realize that the happiness that they are looking for are already
inside of them all they need to do was to find a person who woll bring it out
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM :
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The study focuses on the effects of depression to seniorhighschool students of
St. Theresa school of novaliches during the second semester of academic year
2016-2017
Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions
1. Profiling ; what is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of ,

1.1 Name
1.2 Age
1.3 Gender
1.4 Strand
2. What are the main sources of depression as perceived by the students.
3. Variables / Factors that affects the emotional status of a person
4. Possible solution that can be proposed in a depressed person in order for
them to recuperate from theire depression
1.3 HYPOTHESIS :
Our group concludes that there is no significant effect of depression in senior
highschool students of STSN ,also we conclude that depression is not a major
problem which should we focus on.
1.4 THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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Cognitive theories rose to prominence in response to the early behaviorists'
failure to take thoughts and feelings seriously. The cognitive movement did not
reject behavioral principles, however. Rather, the idea behind the cognitive
movement was to integrate mental events into the behavioral framework.
Cognitive Behavioral theories (sometimes called "cognitive theories") are
considered to be "cognitive" because they address mental events such as
thinking and feeling. They are called "cognitive behavioral" because they address
those mental events in the context of the learning theory that was the basis for
the pure behavioral theory described above. The rise in popularity of cognitive
behaviorism continues today; it forms the basis of the most dominant and well-
research formed of psychotherapy available today: Cognitive-Behavioral
Therapy, or CBT.
Cognitive behavioral theorists suggest that depression results from maladaptive,
faulty, or irrational cognitions taking the form of distorted thoughts and
judgments. Depressive cognitions can be learned socially (observationally) as is
the case when children in a dysfunctional family watch their parents fail to
successfully cope with stressful experiences or traumatic events. Or, depressive
cognitions can result from a lack of experiences that would facilitate the
development of adaptive coping skills.
According to cognitive behavioral theory, depressed people think differently than
non-depressed people, and it is this difference in thinking that causes them to
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become depressed. For example, depressed people tend to view themselves,
their environment, and the future in a negative, pessimistic light. As a result,
depressed people tend to misinterpret facts in negative ways and blame
themselves for any misfortune that occurs. This negative thinking and judgment
style functions as a negative bias; it makes it easy for depressed people to see
situations as being much worse than they really are, and increases the risk that
such people will develop depressive symptoms in response to stressful
situations.
Aaron Beck's Cognitive Theory of Depression
Different cognitive behavioral theorists have developed their own unique twist on
the Cognitive way of thinking. According to Dr. Aaron Beck, negative thoughts,
generated by dysfunctional beliefs are typically the primary cause of depressive
symptoms. A direct relationship occurs between the amount and severity of
someone's negative thoughts and the severity of their depressive symptoms. In
other words, the more negative thoughts you experience, the more depressed
you will become.
Beck also asserts that there are three main dysfunctional belief themes (or
"schemas") that dominate depressed people's thinking: 1) I am defective or
inadequate, 2) All of my experiences result in defeats or failures, and 3) The
future is hopeless. Together, these three themes are described as the Negative
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Cognitive Triad. When these beliefs are present in someone's cognition,
depression is very likely to occur (if it has not already occurred).
An example of the negative cognitive triad themes will help illustrate how the
process of becoming depressed works. Imagine that you have just been laid off
from your work. If you are not in the grip of the negative cognitive triad, you might
think that this event, while unfortunate, has more to do with the economic
position of your employer than your own work performance. It might not occur to
you at all to doubt yourself, or to think that this event means that you are washed
up and might as well throw yourself down a well. If your thinking process was
dominated by the negative cognitive triad, however, you would very likely
conclude that your layoff was due to a personal failure; that you will always lose
any job you might manage to get; and that your situation is hopeless. On the
basis of these judgments, you will begin to feel depressed. In contrast, if you
were not influenced by negative triad beliefs, you would not question your self-
worth too much, and might respond to the lay off by dusting off your resume and
initiating a job search.
Beyond the negative content of dysfunctional thoughts, these beliefs can also
warp and shape what someone pays attention to. Beck asserted that depressed
people pay selective attention to aspects of their environments that confirm what
they already know and do so even when evidence to the contrary is right in front
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of their noses. This failure to pay attention properly is known as faulty information
processing.
Particular failures of informationData Collection

processing areinvery characteristic of the
the form of
depressed mind. For example, depressed people will tend to demonstrate
Survey
selective attention to information, whichQuestionnair
matches their negative expectations, and
e that
selective inattention to information thatinvolves
contradicts
the those expectations. Faced
inidicators on
with a mostly positive performance review, depressed people will manage to find
what are the
and focus in on the one negative comment factors,Sympt
that keeps the review from being
-oms that can
be observed
perfect. They tend to magnify the importance and meaning placed on negative
of a
events, and minimize the importance and meaning of positive events. All of these
depressed
person
maneuvers, which happen quite unconsciously, function to help maintain a
depressed person's core negative schemas in the face of contradictory evidence,
and allow them to remain feeling hopeless about the future even when the
evidence suggests that things will get better.

1. Demographic Proposin
profile -g
different
Name
ways
Age
Input Process Output that can
Stran
be done
Factors
to
that
recupera
affects a
t-e from
depresse
depressi
d person
o-n and if
Sympto
possible
ms that
avoid
they
having
experien
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ces
Feedback
Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study
The Input Frame consists of Stem Students of St.Theresa School of

Novaliches and. The difference among the respondents as to their name, age,
gender, and strand. As so factors that affects a depressed person and its
symptoms
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The Process Frame consists of the retrieval of the survey questionnaire

and interpretation of data as indicated in the questionnaire answered by the
respondents.
The Output Frame consists Proposing ways to recurparate from depression and
if possible avoid having one
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY :
Important information for students and the people who love them
Depression is a common illness, but many do not fully understand it, know the
symptoms, or know what to do if they are experiencing depression. Below is
some information to help you better understand the illness, assess your level of
depression and evaluate options for treatment.
Depression is anger turned inward. Depression is a chemical imbalance.
Depression is a mental illness. Depression is resistance to what is. Depression is
physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, relationship, and career/financial pain.
Depression is Beautiful.
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If we dive deeply into any of these points of view we deepen our understanding.
If we look at all of them we deepen it even more. None of the points of view are
completely right or completely wrong; they are just different ways of looking at it.
Every time we look at depression from a different point of view we understand it
more.
The greatest tragedy is to decide that any one point of view is the only one and
miss out on the others. That is what is called ignorance: lack of knowledge or
understanding. We ignore something because we refuse to consider that there
may be some knowledge or understanding in that point of view.
An interesting point of view that I struggled with for a long time is that I don't
seem to get as much done when I am depressed. I think it is because we have
been taught to value "things" more than understanding. I was not accomplishing
"things" and thought that depression had no value. Only when I began to value
understanding as much as "things" did I see that I actually accomplish a great
deal when I am depressed. In that way depression became more important than
any thing.
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Let's say you want to accomplish a thing called a 20 foot trench and all you have
is a shovel and you are not used to digging trenches. After the first few feet you
will have sore hands, a sore back, and be pretty tired. You may find that within a
few more feet you are so exhausted that you are disabled by it and cannot
accomplish your task. If you do finish, you will be sore for days. You will be
mentally fatigued, emotionally spent, and may even have relationship troubles
because you cannot perform your relationship skills as well as usual. This all
seems pretty normal because that is what happens when we create "things." We
expend a great deal of energy accomplishing them and suffer pain from the
exertion. We feel proud of our accomplishments and accept that the pain is the
price we pay to have done them.
What if I set out to accomplish deep understanding? I would wrestle with an idea
and spend a great amount of mental, emotional, and spiritual energy on it.
Because my mind and body are connected, I would be draining energy from my
body while causing tension and real physical pain. During my "work" I may not
have the energy to address my relationship or career needs and they may suffer
for it. I might even say that I am depressed; I would be feeling mentally and
emotionally drained, physically weakened, spiritually troubled, etc. But, since I
didn't accomplish a "thing" I would not see the value in having expended a great
deal of energy and suffering pain from the exertion.
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Since we don't see the value in the accomplishments associated with depression,
we do not see the value in depression itself. We wish it would just go away as if
understanding comes freely without the work. Perhaps depression is the price
that we must pay to gain a certain kind of understanding.
Imagine two friends coming up to you and saying they wanted to share their
accomplishments with you. The first one shows off his new car and says he took
a second job to be able to buy it. You compliment him on what a fine car it is and
he talks about the hardship he went through to get it. The second one relates
how he gained understanding about himself and no longer acts in ways that are
harmful to himself and others. The way he used to act was particularly
bothersome to you and you compliment him on making the change. He relates to
you much energy he spent working on it and the pain he describes sounds very
much like depression.
Who are the people that will benefit from this stud.
Student
This study will be significant to the students on way that they will know
whenever they have a depression and gow to recuperate from it also it will
benefit them by knowing its effects.
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Teachers
This study will be significant to the teachers because they will be aware
why their students changes behavior in class also since teachers can experience
depreesion they will know what to do .
Administrators
This study will be significant to the administrators Because administrators

may create a seminar or a program that will tell about depression. What are its
symptoms and such
Parents
We strongly recommend that parents should know more things about

depression since as of today teenagers are more prone to depression far more
worst are their tendency of commiting suicide also this will help the parents to
know what to do once their children experiences being depressed.
Future Researchers
This study will become more usefull by the future researchers in order for
them to come up with new conclusions and if possible new solutions
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
This study limits only to 99 STEM Students for them having a wider perspective
about depression at this includes 70% male and 30 % femaleSt. Theresas
School of Novaliches.
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The Coverage of this study was to identify which of the indicators has a
great effect in a persons emotional status ,symptoms that they experience
and treatments that they should undergo
The study focuses on depressions effects to seniorhighschool students

and reason why they experience such thing
The study consist only of how depression affect the a student
Chapter 2 :
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction :
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This Chapter Provides and overview of previous research on knowledge and
sharing it induces the framework for the case of study that comprises the main
focus of the research describe in the thesis
It is important to set the context of the literature review work by providing :
An explanation of its specific purpose for this particular study

Comments on the previous trearment of the broad topic of knowledge
sharing and the role of depression to ones daily life

And Synthesis is provided in this chapter
The main purpose of literature review work was to survey previous
knowledge sharing . this was in order to scope out the key data collection
requirement for the primary research to be conducted , its purpose was to prove
that no one has studied the gap in the knowledge outline in chapter 1. The
subjects in the review of literature should have been introduced in the
background of the problem in chapter 1, Chapter 2 is not a textbook of subjects
matter loosely related to the subject of the study. Every research study that is
mentioned should have some way bear upon the gap in the knowledge in the
knowledge and each study that is mentioned should end with the comment that
the study did not collect data about specific gap in the knowledge of the study as
outline in chapter 1 . an appreciation of previous work in this area served three
purposes . First though providing direction in the construction of the data
collection tools , it guarded against the risk of overload at the primary data
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collection stages of the project, Secong working the findings from extant literature
into a formal view helped maintained the throughout the study a sense of the
topics prospectivity , and finally this activity raised the oppurtunities for
articulating a critical analysis of the actual meaning of the data collected when
the data analysis stages of the research were reached
2.2 Related Foreign Studies
I.Title: Depression, Anxiety A Global Problem, Not Just A Western One
A new study has shown that depression and anxiety are serious health issues
found in every society in the world, debunking old theories that only Westerners
get depressed. In two separate studies of anxiety disorders and clinical
depression, researchers at The University of Queensland examined surveys of
clinical anxiety and depression conducted across 91 countries, involving more
than 480,000 people. Anxiety the most common of all mental disorders
currently affects about one in 13 people (7.3 percent). Anxiety disorders were
more commonly reported in Western societies than in non-Western societies,
even for those that are currently experiencing conflict. Clinical anxiety affected
around ten percent of people in North America, Western Europe and
Australia/New Zealand compared to about eight percent in the Middle East and
six percent in Asia. The opposite was true for depression, which affects about
one in 21 people (4.7 percent) of people at any point in _time. People in Western
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countries are least likely to be depressed, while those in some parts of Asia and
the Middle East are most likely to be depressed. About nine percent of people
have major depression in Asian and Middle Eastern countries, such as India and
Afghanistan, compared with about four percent in North and South America,
Australia, New Zealand, and East Asian countries including China, Thailand, and
Indonesia. But the lead author of the anxiety study, Amanda Baxter, urged
caution when comparing mental disorders across different cultures, as many
factors may influence the reported prevalence of anxiety disorders, she noted.
Alize Ferrari, lead author on the depression study, said findings suggested that
depression appeared to be higher in parts of the world where conflict is
occurring. She warned, however, that it can be difficult to obtain good quality data
from some low and middle income countries. More investigation of the methods
we use to diagnose depression and measure its prevalence in non-western
countries is required, as well as more research on how depression occurs across
the lifespan, she said. The studies further found that both major depression and
anxiety are found more commonly in women than in men.
[ Related Study by :, Anne Newcliff. , Bill Jackson | August 13, 2012
Depression, Anxiety A Global Problem, Not Just A Western One
( August 13, 2012) ]
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II.Title : the U-curve on trial : a longitudinal study of psychological and
sociocultural ajusments during cross culture transition
The research examined cross-cultural transition and adjustment of sojourners
in a longitudinal study of psychological and sociocultural adaptation of Japanese
students in New Zealand. Thirty-five newly arrived students completed
questionnaires which monitored depression (psychological adjustment) and
social difficulty (sociocultural adaptation) at four time periods: within 24 hours of
arrival in the country and at 4, 6 and 12 months in New Zealand. Neither
psychological nor sociocultural measurements of adaptation demonstrated the
popular U-curve of adjustment. Contrary to the U-curve proposition and in line
with our hypotheses, adjustment problems were greatest at entry point and
decreased over time. The magnitudes of the correlations between psychological
and sociocultural adjustment were also examined over the four time periods. As
hypothesized, the relationship between the two adjustment indicators was
insignificant at the first testing
[ Related Study by : Elsevier B.V , Coleen Ward, Yutaka Okura Antony
Kenedy Takahiro Kojima,.Department of Social Work and Psychology,
National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260,
Singapore. Article / Journal Page, p87 vol.56 issue 2]
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III. Title : RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TYPE D PERSONALITY AND
ANHEDONIA : A DIMENSIONAL STUDY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Type D personalitycharacterized by negative affectivity and social inhibitionand
anhedonia have independently been found to be significantly associated with
depression or suicidal ideation in the general population or in psychiatric
subjects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between Type D
personality and anhedonia in a population of 204 university students (102 men,
102 women) after controlling for depression as a confounding variable. Type D
personality was evaluated using the Type D scale, anhedonia with the Snaith-
Hamilton Pleasure Scale, and depression with the Beck Depression Inventory-II.
Significant correlations were found between social inhibition and anhedonia
before and after adjustment for depression. In women, a Sobel test indicated
significant mediation by social inhibition of the relationship between anhedonia
and depression. Results suggested that the social inhibition component of Type
D personality could constitute a poor prognosis factor.
[Related Study by : LUSSIER, AXELLE; LOAS, GWENOL 2015
Psychological Academic Journal / Article( Psychological
Reports;Jun2015, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p855 ]
IV. Title : A 2-4 year follow up of depressive symptoms, suicidal
ideation, and suicide attempts among adolescent psychiatric inpatients
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Abstract One hundred eleven (58%) of 191 adolescent inpatients previously
admitted to the emergency wards at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics
in the cities of Uppsala and Goteborg participated in a 2-4 year follow-up
evaluation. The prevalence, incidence, and stability of depressive symptoms,
suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among the adolescents, and predictors of
follow-up functioning were examined. Although a majority of the patients
substantially reduced their depressive symptoms over the 2-4 year period, a
smaller group (13%), mainly girls (94%), continued reporting high symptom
levels at follow-up, and one out of live adolescents had moderate-severe levels
of suicidal ideation. The accumulated frequency of suicide attempts among the
patients shortly prior to hospitalization and during the follow-up was 59%
including two patients who committed suicide. Significant predictors of
depressive symptom severity at follow-up were depressive symptom scores and
V-diagnoses at inpatient assessment. Previous suicide attempts before
hospitalization, high levels of selfreported depressive symptoms and nonintact
family status at inpatient assessment predicted suicide attempts during the
follow-up period. The high prevalence of attempted and completed suicide in this
clinical group underscores the importance of developing effective treatments for
suicidal adolescents.
35 | P a g e
[ Related Study by : Ivarsson T: Larsson B : Gillberg C A 2-4 year follow
up of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among
adolescent psychiatric inpatients April 07, 2009 Article European Child
And Adolescent Psychiatry 2009 Vol. 7 Issue 2, p96]
V. Title : Prevalence and familial predictors of suicidal behaviour among
adolescents in Lithuania: a cross-sectional survey 2014
Background: In the past decades Lithuania has been experiencing a very high
suicide rate among young people and there are scarce data on the role of the
family in shaping these people suicidal behaviour. This study investigated the
prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts, as well as their association with a
range of familial factors in a representative sample of Lithuanian
adolescents.Methods: Study subjects were adolescents aged 13- and 15-years
from the schools in Lithuania who were surveyed in Spring 2014 according to the
methodology of the cross-national Health Behaviour in School-aged Children
(HBSC). A standard HBSC international questionnaire was translated into
Lithuanian and used anonymously to obtain information about suicidal behaviour
(stopped doing activities, considered suicide, planned suicide, and suicide
attempts) and family life (family structure, quality of communication in family,
36 | P a g e
parental monitoring and bonding, parenting style, family time, etc.). Logistic
regression was used to assess association between suicidal behaviours and
familial variables.Results: Forty three percents of surveyed adolescents reported
presence of emotions that stopped doing activities during the last 12 months,
23.8 % seriously considered attempting suicide, 13.7 % made a suicide plan,
13.2 % attempted suicide, and 4.1 % needed treatment because of suicide
attempt in the previous year. Adolescents from non-intact families reported more
suicidal ideation 1.32 to and more suicide attempts Among adolescents from
intact families, some manisfestations of suicidal behaviour were significantly
associated with low satisfaction in family relationships, low father's and mother's
emotional support, low mother's monitoring, low school-related parental support,
authoritarian-repressive father's parenting style and permissive-neglectful
mother's parenting style, but rare family time together and rare electronic media
communication with parents were inversely associated with suicidal behaviour.
The boys, 15-year-olds and adolescents who indicated often activities together
with their families were more likely than their counterparts to report suicide
attempts treated by a doctor or nurse.Conclusion: The young people of Lithuania
are at particular risk for suicides. A non-intact family structure and weak family
functioning are significant predictors of suicidal ideation and attempts among
adolescents of Lithuania. It is essential to consider family life practices in
planning intervention programs for prevention of suicides among adolescents.
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[ Related Study by : Zaborskis, Apolinaras; Sirvyte, Dainora; Zemaitiene,
Nida Prevalence and familial predictors of suicidal behaviour among
adolescents in Lithuania: a cross-sectional survey 2014 Academic Journal
BMC Public Health;7/12/2016, Vol. 16, p1 ]
VI : Title : Why male is more prone to depression than female: a study
about depression 2014
In new research, my colleague Maryam Moghani Lankarani and I found
that stressful life events are more likely to predict depression in men than in
women.
In fact, men are more susceptible to the depression-inducing effects of each
additional stressor over long-term periods.
We looked at data from a nationally representative study that examined how
psychological factors affect physical and mental health of individuals over time.
We studied the effects of stressful life events men and women reported at
the beginning of the study to their rates of depression 25 years later. We found
that the effect of each life stressor on the risk of clinical depression was 50
38 | P a g e
percent stronger for men than woman These findings correspond with a study
we published in late 2015 that showed white men may be most vulnerable to the
effect of stress on depression, possibly because they have a lower exposure to
stress compared to any other demographic group.
Its possible that cumulative exposure to stress may build resilience or
habituation to stressors. In other words, people who cope with stress all the time
can get used to it.
So the social group exposed to the lowest stressors (living the most
privileged life) may at the same time be most vulnerable to each additional
stressor. They have not learned to cope with stress as effectively as those who
experience it more.
This is potentially the cost of living an easier, and therefore, less stressful life.
Men who experience depression may not seek care
Men may also be vulnerable to the effects of stress because they may perceive
depression as a weakness. They may also define talking about emotion, and
39 | P a g e
seeking help for an emotional problem, such as depression, as a weakness. This
is especially the case in developing countries where traditional gender roles are
more strongly endorsed.
These beliefs strongly shape behaviors of men who are in need of mental health
care, and make men vulnerable when stress and emotional problem happens. All
these result in men ignoring depression when it develops, and avoiding care
when needed, not to look weak.
This also partially explains why more men with depression kill themselves
(particularly white men) than women with depression.
Gender influences our risk of depression through various ways. It determines our
risk of exposure to adversity. It changes our vulnerability to stress. And it can also
determine what resources well be able to access to cope with stress or
depression.
[ Related Study by : Shervin Assari C How male is more prone to
depression than female: http://theconversation.com/why-stress-is-more-
likely-to-cause-depression-in-men-than-in-women-57624 ]
40 | P a g e
2.3 Related Local Studies
I. Title : Feeling Bad on facebook depression disclosures by college
students on a social networking site
Depression is typically diagnosed during a clinical encounter using the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual volume IV (DSM-IV) criteria. Symptoms include
depressed mood, hopelessness,[11] and sleep difficulties, including both
hypersomnia and insomnia.[1214] For a major depressive episode (MDE), the
most common form of depression among adolescents and young adults,
symptoms must be present most every day during a 2-week time period.[11,15]
Although the DSM-IV criteria are useful in defining depression, diagnosis
requires a patient to initiate a clinic visit and report symptoms that trigger the
providers recognition that a mental health assessment is needed.[ Related
Study by Megan A. Moreno. 2011. FEELING BAD ON FACEBOOK:
DEPRESSION DISCLOSURES BY COLLEGE STUDENTS ON A SOCIAL
NETWORKING SITEPublished online 11 March 2011 in Wiley Online
Library (March 11 2011)]
II. Title : Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Filipino Patients
with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Multi-Center Study
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Depression in patients with COPD. The prevalence of and the risk factors that
affect anxiety and depression differ depending on cultural backgrounds and
assessment methods. In the Philippines, physicians do not routinely assess the
presence of anxiety and/or depression. In addition, Filipino patients have cultural
barriers to psychiatric referral. Detection of these co-morbidities can improve
morbidity and mortality in this common and rising disease entity. The prevalence
of depression in Filipino COPD patients is comparable to the prevalence of
depression from other general medical conditions nationwide. Anxiety is slightly
more prevalent in COPD from other general medical conditions. A study on the
risk factors of anxiety and depression in Filipino COPD patients should follow.
[ Related Study by Sue Kimberly M. Tan, M.D.*; Jubert P. Benedicto, M.D.**;
Joel M. Santiaguel, M.D.*** 2015. Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression
Among Filipino Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A
Multi-Center Study (https://www.pcp.org.ph/files/PJIM
%20Vol53%20No1/Prevalence_of_Anxiety_and_Depression_among_Filipin
o_Patients_with.pdf). (January-March, 2015)]
III. Title : Prevelance of Depression in the philipines
DEPRESSION in the elderly is an important health concern worldwide. It is a
silent disorder that afflicts many of the elderly population. It is the most common
psychiatric disorder among the elderly yet unrecognized and under treated
42 | P a g e
because attention is often focused on the physical medical conditions that are
apparent during clinic visit.
Typical signs and symptoms of depression are usually absent (such as lack of
energy, loss of appetite, constipation, no interest in work, poor sleep or loss of
weight) and are masked by physical manifestations of co-morbid conditions.
[ Related Study by Cheridine P. Oro-Josef, MD, FPAFP, FPCGM, 2014.
Prevalence of Depression in the Philippines
http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/prevalence-of-depression-in-the-
philippines/. (October 14 2014)]
IV.Title : Factors Associated by Depressive Symptoms among Filipino
Depression can be prevented if its symptoms are addressed early and effectively.
Prevention against depression among university students is rare in the
Philippines, but is urgent because of the rising rates of suicide among the group.
Evidence is needed to systematically identify and assist students with higher
levels of depressive symptoms. We carried out a survey to determine the social
and demographic factors associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms
among 2,436 Filipino university students. The University Students Depression
Inventory with measures on lethargy, cognition-emotion, and academic
motivation, was used. Six of the 11 factors analyzed were found to be statistically
significantly associated with more intense levels of depressive symptoms. These
43 | P a g e
factors were: frequency of smoking, frequency of drinking, not living with
biological parents, dissatisfaction with ones financial condition, level of
closeness with parents, and level of closeness with peers. Sex, age category,
course category, year level and religion were not significantly related. In
identifying students with greater risk for depression, characteristics related to
lifestyle, financial condition, parents and peers are crucial. There is a need to
carry out more surveys to develop the pool of local knowledge on student
depression
.[Related Study by Romeo B. Lee,Madelene Sta. Maria, Susana Estanislao
and Cristina Rodriguez, 2013. Factors Associated by Depressive
Symptoms among Filipino University students Published online 2013 Nov
6. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079825. ( November 6 2013.)]
Title : Factors that affects the Cultural Problems in Philipines
A 2012 World Happiness Report has reportedly ranked the Philippines among
the least happiest in Southeast Asia, or 103rd out of 155 surveyed countries
worldwide.That bit of news should be as welcome as a skin rash to advocates
of the Philippine tourism slogan Its more fun in the Philippines. It could
actually lead them to a depressive state, which could slightly increase the
number of Filipinos who are suffering from depression.
44 | P a g e
Incidentally, the country also has the highest incidence of depression in
Southeast Asia, according to the Department of Health (DOH). 2011 data from
the World Health Organization (WHO) showedthat the Philippines has the
highest incidence of depression in Southeast Asia with 93 suicides for every
100,000 Filipinos.[Related Study by Raon Mandelee , Analiza Crisanto ,
2011 factors that affects cultural problems in philipines Published on
Aug. 17 Pg68 . chapter 5 ]
2.3 Related Foreign Literature
I.Title : Darkness Visible: A Memoir of madness

No light; but rather darkness visible
Served only to discover sights of woe
Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace
And rest can never dwell, hope never comes
That comes to all, but torture without end
Still urges, and a fiery deluge, fed
With ever-burning sulphur unconsumed.
Styron begins his memoir in October 1985, when he flies to Paris to receive
the prestigious Prix mondialCino Del Duca. During this trip, his mental state
begins to deteriorate rapidly. Using a mix of anecdotes, speculation, and
45 | P a g e
reportage, Styron reflects on the causes and effects of depression, drawing
links between his own illness and that of other writers, such as Randall
Jarrell, Albert Camus, Romain Gary, and Primo Levi, as well as U.S.
President Abraham Lincoln and activist Abbie Hoffman.

Styron connects the onset of his depression with his sudden termination of
his lifelong alcohol use and argues that his condition was likely
exacerbated by careless prescription of the drug Halcion. His depression
culminated in a bout of intense suicidal ideation (though he never made an
actual suicide attempt), which led to hospitalization and recovery.[2]

[Related Literature by : William Styrons 1989 , Published on Vanity
fair in august 17, 1993 pg 16, chapter 4]
II. Title : The noonday demon: An Atlass of Depression
The Noonday Demon examines depression in personal, cultural, and scientific
terms. Drawing on his own struggles with the illness and interviews with fellow
sufferers, doctors and scientists, policy makers and politicians, drug designers,
and philosophers, Andrew Solomon reveals the subtle complexities and sheer
46 | P a g e
agony of the disease as well as the reasons for hope. He confronts the challenge
of defining the illness and describes the vast range of available medications and
treatments, and the impact the malady has on various demographic populations
around the world and throughout history. He also explores the thorny patch of
moral and ethical questions posed by biological explanations for mental illness.
With uncommon humanity, candor, wit and erudition, award-winning author
Solomon takes readers on a journey of incomparable range and resonance into
the most pervasive of family secrets. His contribution to our understanding not
only of mental illness but also of the human condition is truly stunning.
[Related literature by Andrew Solomon Published under the
Scribnerimprint of New yorks Simon & Schucster Publishing house in
2001 and later Reproduced in 2015 by Charles Scniber sons in NPR Fresh
air Publing Inc.]
III. Title : The Bell Jar
The Bell Jar is the only novel written by the American writer and poet Sylvia
Plath. Originally published under the pseudonym "Victoria Lucas" in 1963, the
novel is semi-autobiographical, with the names of places and people changed.
The book is often regarded as a roman clef since the protagonist's descent into
47 | P a g e
mental illness parallels Plath's own experiences with what may have been clinical
depression. Plath died by suicide a month after its first UK publication. The novel
was published under Plath's name for the first time in 1967 and was not
published in the United States until 1971, in accordance with the wishes of both
Plath's husband,Ted Hughes, and her mother. The novel has been translated into
nearly a dozen languages. The novel, though dark, is often read in high school
English classes.
[Related Literature by : Sylvia Plath 1979 , Published onAsian
publishing corp in January 15, 1993 pg 56, chapter 7 Semi
-Biography]
IV. Title : Listening To Prozac ;A Psychiatrist explores antidependant
drugs and the remaking of Self
Book written by psychiatristPeter D. Kramer. Written in 1993, the book
discusses how the advance of the anti-depressant drug Prozac might change the
way we see personality, the relationship between neurology and personality.
Kramer coined the term "Cosmetic pharmacology", and in this book he discusses
the philosophical, ethical and social consequences of
using psychopharmacology to change one's personality. He asks if it is ethically
48 | P a g e
defensible to treat a healthy individual to, for instance, help him climb a career, or
on the other hand, if it is ethically defensible to deny him that possibility. Listening
to Prozac spent 4 months onthe New York Times best seller's list and its influence
prompted critics to write books with sound alike names such as "Talking Back to
Prozac"
The Fort Lauderdale Sun Sentinel described the books as "one of the most
provocative popular science books published in 1993", stating that "Kramer is in
full command of the array of knowledge - from cellular biology to animal studies
to literature - that he draws upon to put the impact of antidepressants into
perspective. In his hands, ancient ideas suddenly seem vital again, cast in a new
and disquieting light by Prozac."
In a review in the New York Review of Books, Sherwin B. Nuland said that
Kramer has "played fast and loose with the most basic principles by which
physicians evaluate clinical experience and propose new ways of
explaining or treating illness. Those principles require (1) meticulous and
personally made observations of an illness or maladaptive state; (2) even-
handed review of all pertinent publications that bear on the problem; (3)
scrupulous attention to every fragment of clinical evidence, whether or not it
supports the observers evolving hypothesis; and (4) a commitment not to
speculate beyond what is justified by the accumulated data and its
supportable implications." Nuland said that Kramer has used his
49 | P a g e
preliminary observations to hype unjustified assertions in trade books and
on TV shows, orchestrated by professional publicists. Kramer responded to
this review, stating that Nuland" goes on tediously establishing his bona
fides
[Related literature by Peter D. Kramer Published under the Viking Press
ISBN 0-670-84183-8 of New yorks Simon & Schucster Publishing house in
1993 and later Reproduced in 2015 by Charles Scniber sons in NPR Fresh
air Publing Inc.]
2.4 Related Local Literature
I.Title : Special Report and the Filipino youth
In countries like the Philippines where mental health is rarely discussed, it
usually takes a high profile case before people begin talking about suicide and
depression.There are only a few studies on suicide, but those that exist all show
the need for better data, and more importantly, a national prevention program.
Suicide is the second leading cause of death globally among people 15 to 29
years of age, according to the 2014 global report on preventing suicide by the
World Health Organization. In the Philippines, the estimated number of suicides
50 | P a g e
in 2012 was 2,558 (550 female, 2009 male), according to the same
report.Meanwhile, the age-standardized suicide rate (per 100,000) in 2012 was
2.9 for both sexes a 13.5 percent increase from 2.6 in 2000. For females, there
was a 13 percent decrease from 1.4 in 2000 to 1.2 in 2012. For males, there was
a 24.4 increase from 3.9 in 2000 to 4.8 in 2012.The figures in the Philippines are
lower than the annual global age-standardized suicide rate of 11.4 per 100,000
population (15.0 for males and 8.0 for females). The Philippines also has the
lowest suicide rate among ASEAN-member countries.However, it is important to
consider that suicides are likely to be underreported.
[Related Literature by : Carmela G. Lapena 2015 , Published July 17, 2015
8;38 pm
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/524070/lifestyle/healthandwellness/special-report-
suicide-and-the-pinoy-youth#sthash.slG29wBc.dpuf ]
II.Title : Filipinos are sad and Depresed in Phlilipines ( the Daily Inquirer)
Filipinos need to get real. We all know that life in the Philippines can be
stressful even at the best of times. This is true even for some of those who live in
exclusive gated communities. It is evident in the way famous actors like Claudine
Barreto and husband Raymart Santiago got involved in a brawl with equally-
famous media personality Ramon Tulfo, just because they felt frustration over the
51 | P a g e
poor service of an airline and the latters alleged invasion of their privacy. No one
is safe from kabwisitan in the Philippines.
We all know that behind the facade of smiley faces, most Filipinos have their own
collection of tales of woes ready to be told. From ones daily harrowing
experience on the road going to and from work dodging potholes and irritable,
unruly motorists who, if you are lucky, may even slap you in the face or if you are
unlucky, may lodge a bullet in your brain. Even more distressing is the
experience of dealing with neighbors who find a way to invade your privacy in the
most blatant way possible; or for some, dealing with relatives who give new
meaning to the word mooching. Experiencing these things on a regular basis
could drive people over the edge, indeed.
One of the ways to counter being sad or depressed is being true to yourself. This
means we need to collectively admit where we constantly get it wrong.
Understanding why some Filipinos feel depressed may help overcome the
problem.
[Related Literature by : Iida Salvador 2012 , Published in October 12,2012
Philipines Inquirer http://www.getrealphilippines.com/blog/2012/10/reports-say-
filipinos-are-sad-and-depressed-in-the-philippines/\]
III. Title : Depression in The Philipines and Its Effects On Daily Lives
(article)
52 | P a g e
Our results suggest that it might also be worthwhile to highlight the internal
rewards citizens can obtain from being politically engaged: A sense of
satisfaction, the experience of pleasant emotions and of connection with others,
and a feeling of aliveness.
In other words, criticizing our public servants can make Filipinos happy.
Unfortunately, instead of encouraging the rest of the public to engage in politics,
our own politicians seem to want us to stop criticizing them by passing the
Cybercrime Law. This can only increase the number of frustrated and depressed
Filipinos for sure.
[Related Literature by : Joseph Pangilinan 2013 , Published in
September 13, 2013 Philipine Daily Inquirer http://www.Philipine-daily-
inquirer/depression/depression-mental-health-research-studies-2013directory]
IV. Title : Seven Filipinos Commits Suicide Everyday (Article)
Marie was the daughter of very close friends of mine. After completing college
at our countrys top private university, she interned at a nongovernmental
organization that I head and where she helped victims of injustice. She was
53 | P a g e
planning on attending the countrys top law school, but decided to end her life
instead. Death lured her for reasons that many of us will never understand. When
news of Maries suicide broke, a number of my other friends plied their teenage
kids with questions: Are they depressed? Have they or their close friends
experienced depression? A couple of the kids confided that they have friends who
have depression at levels that drive them to entertain thoughts of suicide. One
high school kid revealed that he has five friends who have made several suicide
attempts by slashing their wrists.
Theres a troubling increase in the incidence of suicide among our young people.
And these incidents may only be the tip of a giant iceberg.
While the suicide rate in the Philippines is lower compared to other countries, the
figures have steadily risen over a period of 20 years from 1992 to 2012. It was
found that in 2012 alone, as many as seven Filipinos took their own lives in a day.
Thats a troubling rate of one person committing suicide every three and a half
hours.
It is a misconception that suicide and depression affect mostly the poor. Stories
abound of the growing prevalence of serious depression and suicide incidents in
colleges attended by middle-class and rich kids.
54 | P a g e
A student of the University of the Philippines, Tristan Yuvienco, won a best thesis
award for a comprehensive paper he wrote on mental depression among college
students in Metro Manila.
[ Related Literature By: Joel Ruiz Butuyan - @inquirerdotnet
Philippine Daily Inquirer / 01:21 AM July 25, 2016]
2.5 Synthesis
Synthesis of the Art Researchers on Related Literature presents that
tracing the similarities at the study. As we take a look at the related
literature all of them proposes a similarity towards our study this focuses on
what are the effects of depression to a person, what are the best ways to
recuperate from it what are the symptoms that palpable to a person who
experiences depression, moreover most this study talks about what are
the variables that leds to a person to become depressed. Based from the
related materials found study has found out to study on the same topic
except for the books that cater to its parts, many have studied about the
55 | P a g e
depression what are its effect to people who is more prone to it and what
are its effects to person
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research will present in detail the procedures in data gathering,
which includes the research method, population and sampling procedures,
research instruments and administration as well as the statistical treatment of
data gathered used in this undertaking.
3.1 Methods of research
This study will use the descriptive method for it will be focused in
describing the impacts of depression to senior highschool students of
STSN. This particular method was chosen because of its appropriateness
to answer the problem. Aside from describing what are the findings, it also
supplies both factual and practical information that can be used to
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evaluate conditions. Furthermore, the descriptive method attached
significant relationships that exist or do not exist.
3.2 Population, sample size in sampling technique
The data for this study will be gathered from the STEM students
students of St. Theresa School of Novaliches . The sample of the study
will be determined through the use of Slovins formula for the whole
population
Where:
n = total number of sample
N = population
1 = constant
e = percent error which is 0.05 respondents in each place will be
computed as ratio
3.3 Description of respondents
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The respondents of this research are 99 students of St. Theresas
School of Novaliches. 70 % of them are are male students while the
remaining 30% are female .
3.4 Research instrument
The researchers based the questionnaire in some articles, books
other magazines and other questionaires. Most of the indicators provided
was gathered from other questionaires while the researchers are browsing
in STSN library. A student that experience the effect of depression that
was the main focus of the questionnaire . The researchers searched the
articles about the topic and they found out that the researchers validators,
Mr. Mark Noel B. Federez , a teacher from Kalayaan National Highschool
said that most of the indicators that we provided were to morbid if possible
whe should come up with new indicators if not then whe should rephrase
each.
He also said that the researchers indicators about symptoms of
depression is to common we should find and we should find a new
indicators. Another validator in the research is our statistics and probably
teacher Mr. Erwin Mariano he pointed out that the statement that we
provided for the respondents should be rephrased, he said that the
researchers indicators must have a title.. The next validator who
validated our research was Eng. Velasco a teacher in STSN who also
teaches the word of god. He pointed out that some of our indicators in
58 | P a g e
Factors that affects depression were too morbid its the same as Mr.
Federez pointed out

. The researchers will give their instruments to the other section of the
school of St. Theresas School of Novaliches for the pilot testing.
3.5 Data gathering procedure
a. Primary source
Data for this research was generated from data gathering
through questionnaire, were conducted among the St. Theresas
School of Novaliches students. Giving questionnaires to them
facilitated the method better, more responses were solicited with
the key informants such as the students of St. Theresas School of
Novaliches and some . the data that was gathered were from stem
students ranging from 1, 2, 3, and 5
b. Secondary source
59 | P a g e
Data was generated from other sources, which from review
of literature. St. Theresas School of Novaliches library. Information got
included national strategic plans, text books articles and old researches
3.6 Statistical treatment data
Simple Percentage Formula

P = F/n + 100
Where: p = percentage 100 = constant variable
F= frequency
n = number of respondents
The following statistical scale and its corresponding descriptive ratings will be
adopted in the study.
Scale Weight Range Descriptive Rating
4 3.26 4.00 Strongly Agree (SA)
3 2.51 3.25 Agree (A)
2 1.76 2.50 Disagree (D)
1 1.00 1.75 Strongly Disagree (SD)
60 | P a g e
Chapter 4
DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Overview of this Chapter
In this chapter, the data gathered from the Stem Students of St. Theresas School of
novaliches in relation to the research objectives. This chapter discusses the result of the
semi-structured questionnaire responded by 99 participants. Before the initiation of the
research study the significance, rationale and purpose of the study were provided
respondents. Furthermore, the respondents have also been given the assurance that all
the data they will give are used for the purpose of the research and the identities of the
respondents will be confidential. The objective is to determinine the Possible Variables
that affects the your emotional status Symptoms That you experienced and
Treatments that you undergo for treating depression
This is the manner unto which the study accounts the factors and the perception on the
criteria themselves.
61 | P a g e
The conduct of this study entails a detailed account of the demographic profile of the
respondents. It is assumed that the attributes of the respondents influence their
behavior and answers on the survey questions. Of particular significance to the
achievement of the goals and objectives of the study which is to be an instrument of
analysis of the institution to gauge where it is now and where it is heading, thus what
changes are to be made is to be able to answer the research questions.
Table 1
Demographic profile of respondents in terms of Age
Age Frequency Percentage
14-17 years old 85 86%
18-20 years old 13 13%
20 and above 1 1%
Total 99 100%
Table 1 shows the demographic profile of the respondents In terms of
their age. It also reveals that 14-17 years old comprises majority of the
population with a total number of 85 people and with a total percentage of 86 %,
on the other hand ages 20 and above who answered have the least number with
a total number of 1 and with a total percentage of 1% percent.
*footnotes : Teenager are more prone to depression than adult people
62 | P a g e
Table 2
Demographic profile of respondents
In terms of Sex
Sex Frequency Percentage
Male 74 75%
Female 25 25%
Total 99 100%
Table 2 shows the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of their
sex .It also reveals that Male comprises majority of the respondents with a total
number of 74 and a total percentage of 75% percent,on the other hand Female
respondents have the least number with a total number of 25 and with a total
percentage of 25% percent.Adding the Total respondents gatheres from STEM 1
STEM 2 STEM 3 and STEM 5 as we go back to chapter 2 we mentioned a study
about men being more prone to depression than women the reason why we
surveyed 70% more men is to prove wether this is true or not
*footnotes : as we go back to chapter 2 we mention a study about men being
more prone to depression than women
63 | P a g e
Table 3
Demographic profile of respondents
in terms of their strand
STEM 1 25 25 %
STEM 2 25 25 %
STEM 3 25 25 %
STEM 5 24 25 %
Total 60 100%
* Table 3 shows the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of their
strand. It can be gleaned that STEM 5 has the leaset number of the population
with a total number of 24 and with a total percentage of 25% percent, on the
other hand STEM 1,2,3 respondents have the Same numbers with a total
number of 25 per section and with a total percentage of 25 % each section
percent.
Table 4
Possible variables that affects your emotional Status
64 | P a g e
Indicators W VI
M
Family problems 3.2 Agree
Financial Problems 2.9 Agree
Influence of other people 2.9 Agree
Enviroment that you grew up 3.1 Agree
Being Timid or shy 2.9 Agree
Entering intimate relationship at young age 2.9 Agree
Loneliness all the times 3.0 Agree
Certain experiences 2.9 Agree
Passing away of Relatives 3 Agree
Poor Academic performance 3.0 Agree
*Table 5 shows that the Possible reasons / Variables of Having depression.
It can be seen that the Indicator Family problems is the most dominating
reason why a Person experiences depression as said by the respondents with a
weighted mean of 3.2 and with a verbal interpretation of Agree on the contrary,
Financial Problems / Influence of other people / Being Timid or Shy /
Entering intimate relationship at young age and certain experiences have the
same rate with weighted mean of 2.9 and verbal interpretation of Agree. In
each Indicator as the respondents perceive
Past research suggests that children who experience multiple transitions in
family structure may face worse developmental outcomes than children raised in
stable two-parent families and perhaps even children raised in stable, single-
65 | P a g e
parent families. However, multiple transitions and negative child outcomes may
be associated because of common causal factors such as parents antecedent
behaviors and attributes. Using a nationally-representative, two-generation
longitudinal survey that includes detailed information on childrens behavioral and
cognitive development, family history, and mothers attributes prior to the childs
birth, we examine these alternative hypotheses. Our results suggest that, for
white children, the association between the number of family structure transitions
and cognitive outcomes is largely explained by mothers prior characteristics but
that the association between the number of transitions and behavioral outcomes
may be causal in part. We find no robust effects of number of transitions for black
children. [Said By : Paula Fomby and Andrew J. Cherlin; Researcher who
created a blog / article about family problesm affects the emotional status of
apreson
Table 5
Symptoms that a person experienced as he/ She Became Depressed
Indicators WM VI
Being bothered by your own thoughts 2.07 Agree
Hurting youself in some ways 1.9 Strongly
disagree
66 | P a g e
Being Anxious and restless 2.5 Agree

Lack of focus 2.4 Disagre
e
Lose of self confidence 2.3 Disagre
e
Irregular Appetite: weight loss / Weight gain 2.3 Disagre
e
Troubles falling asleep 2.5 Agree
Lack of interest in everything 2.04 Disagre
e
Change of enviroment 2.5 Agree
Displeased about everything 2.5 Agree
Table 6 shows the symptoms a depressed person experienced.
As we can see in the table, The most Dominating Reason/ Symptom why a
person experiences depression was Being bothered by your own Thoughts
With a Weighted mean of 2.7 and with the verbal interpretation of Agree
Followed b 4 of the indicators provided has the verbal interpration of agree
This consist the Following indicators ; Being Anxious or restless Troubles
Falling asleep Change of Enviroment and Displeased about everything has
the same weighted mean with 2.5 on the other hand, the indicator Hurting
Yourself in some ways was the least with the weigthed mean of 1.9 and verbal
interpretation of Strongly Disagree therefore we conclude that Hurting youself
67 | P a g e
in some way was not a symptom which a person experiences as he/ She
became depressed
*footnotes : Being bothered by your thoughts is relevant to depression by one
reason, anxiety as person becomes anxious they tend to overthink stuff which
leds to depression
Table 6
Treatments that youve undergo to treat depression
Indicators W VI
68 | P a g e
Visiting A Pyschiatrist 1.9 Disagre
Undergoing mediccation 2.1 Disagre
Socializing treatment 2.5 Agree
Being supported by your own family 2.7 Agree
Attending seminars and open up meetings 2.4 Disagre
Meditaion /Yoga or mental activities 2.3 Disagre
Sleep treatment of regular patterns of sleep 2.5 Agree
Extra curricural activities 2.9 Agree
Change of enviroment 2.5 Agree
Learning new habbits 2.5 Agree
Table 6 shows that the treatments that the following indicators are are way or
what a depressed person undergo to treat depression.
69 | P a g e
It can be seen that the Indicator Being supported by your own family is the
one with most highest weighted mean, with a weighted mean of 2.7 and with a
verbal interpretation of Agree on the contrary,
The lowest indicator who received 1.9 weighted mean was the indicator visiting a
psychiatrist who had a verbal interpretation of disagree As respondents
disagree about visiting a psychiatrist is a good thing for curing depression
Most patients have families that are providing some level of care and support. In
the case of older adults and people with chronic disabilities of all ages, this
informal care can be substantial in scope, intensity, and duration. Family
caregiving raises safety issues in two ways that should concern nurses in all
settings. First, caregivers are sometimes referred to as secondary patients, who
need and deserve protection and guidance. Research supporting this caregiver-
as-client perspective focuses on ways to protect family caregivers health and
safety, because their caregiving demands place them at high risk for injury and
adverse events. Second, family caregivers are unpaid providers who often need
help to learn how to become competent, safe volunteer workers who can better
protect their family members (i.e., the care recipients) from harm.
Chapter 5
CONCLUSION FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION
70 | P a g e
This is the last chapter of the research which includes the following
1.findings : finding that was drawn from the data gathered from the respondents
2.Conclusion: this includes the general statements inferred from the result
usually based on assumptions or hypothesis
3.Recomendations: it includes the suggestion to be undertaken based on the
significance of findings and recommendations for the future research
5.1 Findings :
The following are findings of the data drawn from the analysis of data in order of
the statement of the problem
1. With the regards to demograhic profile, it reveals that 14-17 years old
compromises majority of the population on the other hand ages 20 and above
who answered have the least number, in the demographic profile. it reveals that
male compromises majority of the respondents. on the other hand female
respondents have the least number
2. With the regards to demographic profile, it reveals that stem 5 has the least
number of population who were surveyed, on the other hand stem 1,2,3
respondentes have the same rate
3. it can be seen that the indicator" family problems" is the most dominating
reason why a person experiences depression as perceived by students on the
71 | P a g e
other hand indicators " Influence of other people" ,Being timid or shy " " Entering
intimate relationship at young age" and "Certain experiences have the same rate
as it was perceived by the respondents
4. The most dominating reason/ Symptom why a person experiences depression
was " Being bothered by your own thoughts" followed by 4 indicators " Being
Anxious or restless", " Troubles falling asleep" "Change of enviroment" And "
Displeased about everything " have the same rate as the respondents perceived
it .moreover the indicator " Hurting yourself in some ways has the least weigthed
mean it can be gleamed that the indicator " Being supported by your own family"
is the most dominating indicator relating on how a preson can recuperate from
depression,
5.2 Conclusions :
Our group concludes that there is significant effect of depression in senior
highschool students of STSN ,also we conclude that depression is a major
72 | P a g e
problem which should we focus on. The following statements fortifies our
conclusion
Going back to chapter 2 : a related foreighn literature Talking back with
Prozac: it was literature that focuses on how depression can ruin a
persons life which also shows how depression may led to insanity and
even worse ,commiting of suicide

As we gathered the data from the respondents we seen that the variables
Being Bothered by your own thoughts is the most dominating effect of
having depression
Looking back to chapter 2 again : Another Related foreign literature: The
Bell Jar : it was an literature that focuses on depressions which shows that
depression leds to commiting suicide if not noticed at early stage

4. Therefore we conclude that most number of the respondents are in the
age bracket 14-17 years old. more male respondents are inclined
compare to female respondente. majority of the respondents are from
stem 5
5. 2 Family problem greatly affects the reason why a students suffer from
depression " financial problems" "influence of other people" " Being Timid
or shy" " entering intimate relationship at young age and certain
experiences have the same rate. out of 99 respondents 63 % agreed that
family problems greatly affects a person which leds into depression

6. The researches conclude that " Being Bothered by your own thoughts is
the most dominant symptom as a depressed person experiences rather
than "yurting youreself in some ways"
73 | P a g e
5.3 Recommendations
The researchers recommends the following as the best ways to recuperate from
depression
6. Learn as much as you can about your depression. Its
important to determine whether your depression symptoms are due to an
underlying medical condition. If so, that condition will need to be treated
first. The severity of your depression is also a factor. The more severe the
depression, the more intensive the treatment you're likely to need.
7. It takes time to find the right treatment. It might take some trial
and error to find the treatment and support that works best for you. For
example, if you decide to pursue therapy it may take a few attempts to
find a therapist that you really click with. Or you may try an
antidepressant, only to find that you don't need it if you take a daily half
hour walk. Be open to change and a little experimentation.
8. Dont rely on medications alone. Although medication can relieve
the symptoms of depression, it is not usually suitable for long-term use.
Other treatments, including exercise and therapy, can be just as effective
as medication, often even more so, but don't come with unwanted side
effects. If you do decide to try medication, remember that medication
works best when you make healthy lifestyle changes as well
74 | P a g e
9. Get social support. The more you cultivate your social connections,
the more protected you are from depression. If you are feeling stuck,
dont hesitate to talk to trusted family members or friends, or seek out
new connections at a depression support group, for example. Asking for
help is not a sign of weakness and it wont mean youre a burden to
others. Often, the simple act of talking to someone face-to-face can be an
enormous help.
10.Treatment takes time and commitment. All of these
depression treatments take time, and sometimes it might feel
overwhelming or frustratingly slow. That is normal. Recovery usually has
its ups and downs.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books :
1. Newcliff,Anne , Jackson Bill; Depression, Anxiety A Global Problem,
Not Just A Western One New york: Brown and Benchmen Publishers,:
August 13, 2012

2. Kramer, Peter ; Listening to Prozac New york: Brown and Benchmen
Publishers August 16,1993

3. Chbosky, Stephen : The perks of Being a Wallflower: New York, Public
Books.co Feb, 1 1999
75 | P a g e
Journals:
1. LUSSIER, AXELLE; LOAS, GWENOL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
TYPE D PERSONALITY AND ANHEDONIA : A DIMENSIONAL STUDY
OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS :American Journal of Psychology June
13, 2015
2. Dr. Assari Shervin Why male is more prone to depression than
female: a study about depression WHO, Dorance Publising.co

May 15, 2014
Appendix I
Dear Principal,
Greetings!
We are conducting a research entitled THE IMPACT OF DEPRESSION

TO SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS OF ST. THERESA SCHOOL OF
NOVALICHES AS PERCEIVED BY THE STEM STUDENTS DURING THE
SCHOOL YEAR 2016-2017 as partial fulfillment in Research and Daily Life 1.
In this connection, we would like to request from your good office to allow
us to conduct our study to the students of St. Theresas School of Novaliches.
Rest assured that the data gathered will be strictly for research purpose only and
will be kept with outmost confidentiality.
We are looking forward for your favorable action on this regard.
Sincerely yours,
76 | P a g e
Cinco, Jeline Federez, Mark Genesis

Velasquez, Marvin Ryan Apdua, John Michael
Sacro, Jorland Jarabe, John Aivan
APPENDIX II
Dear Validators,
Greetings!
We are conducting a research entitled THE IMPACT OF DEPRESSION

TO SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS OF ST. THERESA SCHOOL OF
NOVALICHES AS PERCEIVED BY THE STEM STUDENTS DURING THE
SCHOOL YEAR 2016-2017 as partial fulfillment in Research and Daily Life 1.
With your expertise, we are humbly asking your permission to validate

ourselves made questionnaires for our study.
We are looking forward that our request would merit your positive response.
Sincerely yours,
Cinco, Jeline Federez, Mark Genesis
77 | P a g e
Velasquez, Marvin Ryan Apdua, John Michael

Sacro, Jorland Jarabe, John Aivan
APPENDIX IV
CINCO, Jeline
Almar, Zabarte
09883949481
Jeline.cinco@yahoo.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Nickname: Jeline
Birthday: January 14, 1999
Birthplace: Almar, Zabarte
Gender: Female
Age: 18
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
78 | P a g e
Civil Status: Single
Fathers Name:
Mothers Name:
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Elementary: Sta. Lucia Elementary School
Highschool : Sta. Lucia High School
Senior Highschool: St. Theresas School of Novaliches , Quezon city

2016-2017
FEDEREZ, Mark Genesis L.

Phs 3 Bagong silang, Caloocan City,
09993537966/09297798092
Sterben039@gmail.com
Nickname: Sterben
Birthday: April,9 2000
Birthplace: Bagong Silang Caloocan city, Metro Manila
Gender: Male
Age: 17

79 | P a g e
Fathers Name: Mark Noel B. Federez
Mothers Name: Analiza L. Lopez
Elementary: Silanganan Elementary School, Phs 3 Bagong Silang

Caloocan City
2010-2011
Highschool : Bagong Silang Highschool Phs 3, Bagong Silang

Caloocan City
2015-2016

2016-2017
JARABE, John Aivan S.

7840 Cadena De Amor St. Maligaya Park Brgy. 177 Caloocan City
09053215841
Spolarium22@yahoo.com
Nickname: Aivan
Birthday: November 22, 1999
Birthplace: Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro
Gender: Male
Age: 17
Religion: Born Again Christian
80 | P a g e
Fathers Name: Richard Jarabe
Mothers Name: Maribel Jarabe
Elementary: Maligaya Elementary School, Ilang-ilang Maligaya Park

Q.C.
Highschool : Maligaya High School, Ilang-ilang Maligaya Park Q.C.

2016-2017
APDUA, Jan Michael S.

Bacoor, Cavite
jma.maglangit@facebook.com
Nickname: JM
Birthday: December 10, 1998
Birthplace: Bacoor, Cavite
Gender: Male
Age: 18
81 | P a g e
Fathers Name:
Mothers Name:
Elementary:
Highschool : Sampaguita High School

2016-2017
Sacro, Jorland Dave J.

Gemini St. Maria Luisa Subd. Brgy. 177 Camarin Caloocan City
09120710147
Jorland_dave@yahoo.com
Nickname: Jorland
Birthday: August. 25,1998
Birthplace: Cabadbaran City, Agusan del Norte
Gender: Male
Age: 18
Religion: Jehovahs Witnesses
82 | P a g e
Fathers Name: Roland Sacro
Mothers Name: Jusan Sacro
Elementary: North Cabadbaran Central Elementary School

Cabadbaran City
Highschool : Cielito Zamora Highschool, Caloocan City
Senior Highschool: St. Theresas School of Novaliches, Quezon city

2016-2017
VELASQUEZ, Marvin Ryan D.S.

Ph 1 Pkg 3 Blk 42 Lot 11 Bagong Silang, Caloocan City,
09993537966/09297798092
marvinvelasquez@gmail.com
Nickname: Basic
Birthday: October 26, 1999
Birthplace: Bagong Silang Caloocan City, Metro Manila
Gender: Male
Age: 17

83 | P a g e
Fathers Name: Mayo M. Velasquez
Mothers Name: Gilda D.S. Velasquez
Elementary: Gabriela Silang Elem. School, Phs 1 Bagong Silang

Caloocan City
2010-2011
Highschool : Bagong Silang Highschool Phs 3, Bagong Silang

Caloocan City
2015-2016

2016-2017
84 | P a g e

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St.

Theresas School of Novaliches

THE IMPACT OF DEPRESSION TO SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS

In partial fulfillment of the

March 16, 2017

THE IMPACT OF DEPRESSION TO SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS OF

Researcher : Cinco Jeline,Federez Mark Genesis, Velasquez Marvin Ryan,

Adviser: Dr.Jovanny Cornelia

depression to senior highscool students of STSN Specifically it attempted to

determine the following: Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the

This Study uses the descriptive method for it focuses on describing a

structure of an organization which involves the population this particular method

selected as respondents by the researchers. Systematic random sampling

something about our topic which is depression

the statement of the problem

male compromises majority of the respondents. on the other hand female

respondents have the least number

respondents have the same rate

reason why a person experiences depression as perceived by students on the

as it was perceived by the respondents

4. The most dominating reason/ Symptom why a person experiences depression

1. Therefore we conclude that most number of the respondents are in the

compare to female respondente. majority of the respondents are from

or shy" " entering intimate relationship at young age and certain

experiences have the same rate. out of 99 respondents 63 % agreed that

family problems greatly affects a person which leds into depression

the most dominant symptom as a depressed person experiences rather

than "hurting yourself in some ways"

1. Learn as much as you can about your depression. Its

important to determine whether your depression symptoms are due to an

underlying medical condition. If so, that condition will need to be treated

depression, the more intensive the treatment you're likely to need.

example, if you decide to pursue therapy it may take a few attempts to

hour walk. Be open to change and a little experimentation.

3. Dont rely on medications alone. Although medication can relieve

the symptoms of depression, it is not usually suitable for long-term use.

Other treatments, including exercise and therapy, can be just as effective

effects. If you do decide to try medication, remember that medication

works best when you make healthy lifestyle changes as well.

dont hesitate to talk to trusted family members or friends, or seek out

new connections at a depression support group, for example. Asking for

help is not a sign of weakness and it wont mean youre a burden to

others. Often, the simple act of talking to someone face-to-face can be an

5. Treatment takes time and commitment. All of these depression

treatments take time, and sometimes it might feel overwhelming or

The researchers would like to extend their sincere gratitude to

them to stay late up at night to finish this paper

The Researchers extends their sincerest gratitude and appreciation

completetion of this study

Mr.Jovanny Cornelia, Our research teacher for introducing us how to

make a proper research paper, for sharing words of encouragement, for

teaching us he basics of thesis writing , for arranging the schedule of

never ending Guidance

All those sleepless nights, endless worries

Hardships and great efforts

Our School, STSN

And Most especially to

Title page i...1

CHAPTER 2 : THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Review of the related literature.32

3.1 Research Design. .58

3.2 Research Locale58

3.5 Procedure for Data collection62

3.6 Statistical treatment of data62