Bai in Do An Tot Nghiep - Le Dung

N TT NGHIP-2010 GVHD-GS: NH TRNG
Li cm n
Qua 5 nm hc tp ti trng i hc Giao Thng Vn

Ti, em c s ch bo tn tnh ca cc thy c, c bit l
cc thy c trong b mn CU HM. n nay, em hon
thnh ni dung hc tp theo yu cu ca nh trng ra v
em c nhn ti thit k tt nghip.
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti em nhn c s quan
tm hng dn v gip tn tnh chu o ca thy gio
Nh Trng trong b mn. Sau 3 thng lm n tt nghip,
n nay em hon thnh nhim v c giao.
Vi kin thc cn hn ch, ti liu tham kho cn t, thc t
thi cng khng nhiu, cho nn bn n tt nghip ca em
khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Rt mong c s ch bo
ca cc thy c gio em c hc hi, hiu bit thm
qu trnh cng tc sau ny ca em c tt hn.
Cui cng, em xin chn thnh cm n s gip tn tnh
ca cc thy, c gio.
c bit l thy go hng dn Nh Trng .
H Ni, ngy 12 thng 05 nm 2010.

Sinh vin:
L B Dng
L B DNG 1 NG HM MTRO K46

B MN CU HM
PHN I.......................................................................................................................
GII THIU CHUNG...............................................................................................
CHNG 1: TN CNG TRNH, V TR XY DNG.....................................
1.1. Tn cng trnh: Hm giao thng xuyn ni.......................................4
I - THIT K TUYN HM.................................................................19
1.1 Nhng yu t hnh hc ca tuyn hm:.....................................19
1.3 - Trc dc tuyn hm.....................................................................23
II KCH THC HNH HC CA NG TRONG HM:.........24
2.1. Kh gii hn trong hm...............................................................24
2.2. Cch dng khun hm.................................................................27
III - KT CU V HM......................................................................28
3.1. Btng phun (Shotcrete):.............................................................28
3.2. Neo:loi neo, ng knh, chiu di, c li. Nhng ch tiu c hc
ca neo................................................................................................30
3.3. Cc dng kt cu v hm ca hm chnh.....................................31
IV - KT CU MT NG XE CHY V NG B HNH
PHN II THIT K C S..................................................................33
I - THIT K TUYN HM.................................................................50
1.1 Nhng yu t hnh hc ca tuyn hm:.....................................50
1.3 - Trc dc tuyn hm.....................................................................54
II KCH THC HNH HC CA NG TRONG HM:.........55
2.1. Kh gii hn trong hm...............................................................55
2.2. Cch dng khun hm.................................................................58
III - KT CU V HM......................................................................59
3.1. Btng phun (Shotcrete):.............................................................59
ca neo................................................................................................61
3.3. Cc dng kt cu v hm ca hm chnh.....................................62
IV - KT CU MT NG XE CHY V NG B HNH 64
PHN III:THIT K K THUT...........................................................................
PHN IV:...............................................................................................................
THIT K THI CNG..........................................................................................
CHNG I - BIN PHP THI CNG CH O..........................................
1.1. iu kin thi cng v cn c la chn bin php o ng hang.
..............................................................................................................140
1.2. Bin php khai o ng hang....................................................141
1.3. Bin php o ng hang............................................................141
Hnh3.2 : Trnh t o hm theo cc PP khc nhau..............................................
1.4. Bin php chng ng hang...................................................148
1.5. Thi cng lp chng thm...............................................................148
B MN CU HM
1.6. btng v hm.........................................................................150

1.7. Thi cng cc hm ngang................................................................153
1.8. Thi cng h thng rng..................................................................153
1.9. Thi cng ca hm..........................................................................154
1.10. Trnh t cng ngh......................................................................157
CHNG II - THIT K THI CNG CHI TIT V TNH TON
CNG NGH.....................................................................................................
2.2. Tnh ton lng n v lp h chiu n mn cho gng trn t c
fkp=6......................................................................................................160
2.2.1. Xc nh cng xut bc d.....................................................160
2.2.2. Trnh t thi cng khoan n:.....................................................163
2.2.3. Tnh ton lp biu chu k khoan n gng trn................163
2.2.3.1. Din tch v chu vi gng o.............................................163
2.2.3.2. Xc nh l khoan trn gng o.......................................163
2.2.3.3. Xc nh tc khoan.........................................................165
2.2.3.4. Xc nh chiu di l khoan.................................................165
2.2.3.5. Xc nh ng knh l khoan.............................................168
2.2.3.6. Xc nh trng lng thuc n............................................168
2.2.3.7. Cu to lng n..................................................................170
2.1.3.8. Xc nh thi gian khoan v bc d t ..........................171
2.2.3.9. Lp biu chu k khoan n...............................................171
2.2.3.11. Th t n............................................................................174
2.3. Tnh ton lng n v lp h chiu n mn cho gng di t
c fkp=6.................................................................................................176
2.3.2. Trnh t thi cng khoan n:.....................................................179
2.3.3. Tnh ton lp biu chu k khoan n cho gng di .......180
2.3.3.1. Din tch v chu vi gng o.............................................180
2.3.3.2. Xc nh l khoan trn gng o di..............................180
2.3.3.3. Xc nh tc khoan.........................................................181
2.3.3.4. Xc nh chiu di l khoan.................................................182
2.3.3.5. Xc nh ng knh l khoan.............................................183
2.3.3.6. Xc nh trng lng thuc n............................................184
2.3.3.7. Cu to lng n..................................................................186
2.1.3.8. Xc nh thi gian khoan v bc d t ..........................186
2.3.3.9. Lp biu chu k khoan n...............................................187
2.3.3.11. Th t n............................................................................188
2.4. Chn thit b khoan v b tr thit b khoan..................................190
2.5. Chn thit b bc xc vn chuyn, t chc dy chuyn bc xc vn
chuyn t thi.................................................................................191

B MN CU HM
2.6. Thit k thnh phn hn hp btng phun v bin php thi cng
btng phun..........................................................................................191
2.7. Thi cng neo..................................................................................193
2.8. Thit k vn khun v hm...........................................................195
2.9. Chn thit b cp va v btng v hm..................................196
2.10. Thit k thng gi trong ng hm...........................................197
2.10.1. La chn s b s thng gi............................................197
2.10.2. Tnh ton thng gi...............................................................198
2.10.3. Tnh lu lng qut gi cn thit:........................................201
2.10.3. Tnh thng s k thut ca qut...........................................201
2.10.4. Chn qut thng gi :...........................................................202
2.11. Thit k chiu sng trong ng hm.........................................203
2.12. Cp v thot nc trong thi cng................................................203
CHNG III - T CHC THI CNG NG HM...................................
3.1. Lp biu chu k o ng hang.............................................204
3.2. Lp dy chuyn t chc thi cng...................................................205
3.2.1. Chun b thi cng....................................................................205
3.2.2. Thit k t chc thi cng.........................................................207
3.2.2.1. Thit k t chc thi cng s b............................................207
3.2.2.2. Thit k t chc thi cng mang tnh ch o........................208
3.2.2.3. Thit k t chc thi cng mang tnh thc thi.......................208
3.3. Lp k hoch tin .....................................................................209
3.4. B tr mt bng cng trng.........................................................210
PHN I
GII THIU CHUNG
CHNG 1: TN CNG TRNH, V TR XY DNG.
1.1. Tn cng trnh: Hm giao thng xuyn ni.
1.V tr cng trnh.

B MN CU HM
Tuyn ng chy theo hng ng Ty. y l khu vc c nhiu

ni cao, him tr, a hnh phc tp. Cc dy ni cao, rt cao v dc ln
chy theo hng Ty Bc ng Nam. Chnh do a hnh nhiu ni cao v
chn ngang tuyn cho nn phng n lm hm giao thng xuyn ni l hiu
qu v mt kinh t v khai thc. Tuyn hm c nghin cu u t v xy
dng.
Ch tiu Nhit trung bnh Lng ma m trung Lng bc hi

thng ( C) trung bnh bnh (mm) trung bnh (mm)
(mm)
1 15.3 18 83 68
2 17.6 36 86 54
3 19.2 34 89 55
4 26.6 121 88 66
5 27.6 194 85 94
6 29 250 84 99
7 28.4 214 85 101
8 28.6 325 87 86
9 27.1 290 86 91
10 24.4 184 82 95
11 21.4 115 81 88
12 18.4 7 81 94
Ghi ch Trung bnh 23.6 Tng cng 1788 Trung bnh Trung bnh 99.1
84.8
Bng 1: Cc thng s kh hu trung bnh mt thng trong nm ti khu vc

xy dng
Khu vc tuyn hm i qua l khu vc c kh hu nhit i gi ma m
t.Thng thng kh hu khu vc ny c hai ma r rt l ma ma (t
thng 4 n thng 10) v ma kh (t thng 10 n thng 4 nm sau). Lng
ma trung bnh dao ng t 1200 mm n 2200 mm (trung bnh l 1500

B MN CU HM
mm), m t trung bnh 85%, lng bc hi trung bnh 938 mm/nm.

Vo ma kh kh hu tng i tt c nhiu thun li cho xy dng cc
cng trnh h tng c s. Do ta nn chn thi gian thi cng vo ma kh
2.iu kin a hnh, a cht v GTVT.
a hnh khu vc khng ng u. Ni c dc tng i ln, xen
k l cc khu vc li lm ca hai bn sn dc. Do lng ma ti khu vc l
kh ln, t phong ha thng xuyn b nc ma ra tri gy nn hin
tng st l trn din rng. Di lp t phong ha l lp ct kt cht,
cui kt, vi lin khi.
Sng sui trong khu vc c chiu di khng ln. Tuy nhin do ni c
dc ln nn s hnh thnh cc dng chy rt mnh vo ma ma. Trong
khu vc c mt s dng nc ngm trong ni vi. V vy rt d gp hang
ng kasrt.
Tt c cc yu t trn to nn dng a hnh rt kh khn v phc tp
trong cng tc vch tuyn.
Tnh hnh giao thng trong khu vc ch yu l ng nh dnh cho
cc phng tin th s, c dc rt ln. Rt khng m bo an ton cho
ngi khi qua li. Tuyn ng c qua khu vc i li rt kh khn, mt
thi gian v hao tn nhin liu ln.
3.Nc ngm.
C cc con sng nh ang hot ng, c ngun gc t nc ma hoc

sng m. Cc khe nt c cha nc. Do vy mc nc ngm nh

B MN CU HM
hng ng k ti cng tc thi cng, nht l ti vng t thy m tuyn i

qua.
4.Kh nng cung cp in nc, vt liu xy dng.
Ngun in c cung cp t mng li in a phng bng ng
dy truyn ti in 35kV, hai trm bin p c t gn hai ca hm. Tuy
nhin m bo tin thi cng cng nh cc s c c th xy ra do mt
in cn trang b thm 2 my pht in ti hai ca hm s dng trong
nhng trng hp cn thit.
Ngun nc ngm ti khu vc c tn dng cung cp cho d n.
Vt liu t thi cng cc on ng p c th tn dng t t
o hm. dng cho cng tc btng c khai thc ti m gn cng
trng.
5.D bo giao thng.
T l tng trng giao thng pht trin theo cc loi xe i vi nhng
nm d bo (2010, 2020, 2030) c da trn mc tng trng dn s,
kinh t vng v trong c nc.
D bo giao thng trn tuyn c th hin
Bng: D BO LU LNG GIAO THNG TRN TUYN

B MN CU HM
6.Quy nh nng kh c cho php.
Loi xe D bo lu lng giao thng trn tuyn

(Xe/ng.m)
Nm 2010 Nm 2020 Nm 2030
Mt
Xe con, xe khch, taxi 352 1526 4026
Xe du lch, xe but nh 215 500 1225
Xe but va 100 300 600
Xe but ln 220 600 1440
Xe ti hai trc 1068 2845 5213
Xe ti ba trc 700 1462 2000
Xe ti 4 trc tr ln 500 955 1186
Nng kh c trong hm sau khi phng tin qua 15 pht phi nh
hn nng cho php c quy nh trong.
Bng : QUY NH NNG KH C CHO PHP

(TCVN 4527-1988-tiu chun thit k hm t v hm ng st)
Nng cho php
Tn cht kh K hiu
(mg/l)
Oxt ccbon CO 0.02
Oxt nit N2 O5 0.005
Oxt lu hunh SO2 0.02
Sunfua hir H2S 0.01
Mtan CH4 0.002
Ccbonic CO2 5.0
CHNG II : TIU CHUN K THUT

1. QUY TRNH, QUY PHM C P DNG:
1. Tiu chun thit k ng t TCVN 273 05.
2. Tiu chun thit k ng t TCVN 4054 05.
3. Tiu chun thit k hm ng t TCVN 4027 88.
B MN CU HM
4. Tham kho tiu chun thit k hm xuyn ni ca Nht.

5. Tiu chun thit k Cu TCVN 272 05.
6. Tham kho cc ti liu, cc tiu chun k thut khc c lin quan.
2. CC TIU CHUN K THUT:
Bn knh ti thiu ng cong trong hm c qui nh m bo
cho chy xe an ton, m bo tm nhn trong hm.
Hin nay cha c Tiu chun v hm ng b, tm thi tham kho
Tiu chun thit k ng b 22TCN-273-01 v mt s tiu chun thit k
hm nc ngoi
rt ra mt s nguyn tc thit k tuyn hm trn ng t nh sau:
1- Thng thng hm ng b thit k dnh cho 2 ln xe chy 2 chiu,
nu ng 4 ln xe th thit k 2 hm mt chiu chy song song nhau:
Nu c c s so snh v hiu qu kinh t v k thut th mi chn phng
n ng hm hai chiu vi 4 ln xe.
2-Bn knh cong ti thiu l 250m, ch khi no khng th m rng c
bn knh cong mi cho php dng bn knh 150m.
ng hm trong thnh ph dng gii quyt giao ct khc mc
gia cc tuyn trong nt giao thng. V vy tuyn hm thng nm trn
ng thng.
Khi mt bng nt phc tp, l nt giao ng nm, ng su hoc gp
nhng cng trnh ngm khc, tuyn hm phi vng trnh khi hm buc
phi nm trn ng cong.
i vi hm vt qua sng, on hm vt qua khu vc dng chy
chnh thi cng ch ni h chm th bt buc phi b tr trn ng thng.
Tiu chun v bnh v trc dc hm ph thuc vo tc tnh ton
ca lung xe.
Cp loi ng Tc tnh Bn knh cong Bn knh cong dc dc
ph ton (km/h) ti a (m) ti thiu(m) ti a(%)
ng cao tc 120 3000-5000 600 4
ng u tin 100 2000-5000 400 5

cp 1
ng khu vc 80 1000-1500 250 6
Trc dc trong hm
Hm c th c thit k theo mt hoc hai hng dc.Hm c
dc v mt pha c u im l thng gi t nhin tt v chnh cao gia hai

B MN CU HM
pha ca hm to ra chnh lch p sut v s lun c mt lung go t nhin

thi dc theo ng hm. Tuy vy hm mt hng dc c nhc im l
gy kh khn cho thi cng khi ta t chc o t hai pha ca hm, hng
o t pha ca trn s b ng nc. Trong giai on khai thc s c mt
lng nc mt t pha trn dc ngoi ca chy qua hm buc phi tng tit
din rnh thot nc l nhc im th hai. V vy ch vi ng hm c
chiu di <300m mi thit k mt hng dc, chiu di 300m cn phi
thit k dc v 2 pha.
Khi to dc hai pha c gc gy gia hai hng dc. to tm
nhn v m thun khi tu chy, chnh lch tuyt i gia hai dc khng
c vt qu gi tr cho php, i vi ng st l 3. m bo yu
cu ny ngi ta s dng mt on chuyn tip gi l on dc ha hon c
chiu di ti a 200m v dc bng dc ti thiu thot nc, thng
thng dc ny l 3, cn khi ng hm nm trong vng c lng
nc ngm ln th dc ti thiu phi l 6. Chnh dc trn hm ng
b c vut ni bng ng cong ng li v ng cong ng lm. Bn
knh ng cong ng ph thuc vo chnh dc tuyt i gia hai hng
m bo tm nhn vt xe ca ngi iu khin phng tin.
chnh dc Bn knh ng Bn knh dng

tuyt i (%) cong li (m) cong lm (m)
5-6.9 10000 2000
7-9.9 6000 1500
10 4000 1000
- Cp ng: vi tuyn ng dn l ng cp III tc 80 km/h.

Cn tc trong hm l 60km/h tng ng vi ng cp IV.
- Kh ng : 4 ln xe chy
- Vn tc thit k: ng dn l 80km/h; trong hm Vtk = 60km/h.
- Bn knh ti thiu ca ng cong trn tuyn Rtt = 250m.
- Bn knh ti thiu ca ng cong trong hm l Rhm = 150m (iu
kin kh khn vi hm ng b).
- dc thit k trn tuyn iTK =4 %
- dc dc ti a trong hm ih,max = 4%.
- dc dc ti thiu trong hm ih,min = 6 o oo .
- dc ngang mt xe chy in = 2%.
3.. NHIM V THIT K:

B MN CU HM
Thit k hm ng t 4 ln xe chy thi cng theo cng ngh NATM

vi tc chy trong hm l 60 Km/h v tc trn tuyn ng dn vo
hm l 80 Km/h.
CHNG III: A CHT TRONG CC KHU VC
D KIN TUYN HM I QUA
I.M T A CHT CNG TRNH KHU VC HM.

Bng 1: TNG HP A CHT CA PHNG N TUYN 1
H s
H s Trng Gc Modul
H s nn tiu
Tn Phn lng ma st n hi
Poisson chun
t b cng ring trong E ko
f
( kp ) (T/m3) () (kG/cm )2
(kg/cm3)
vi Phn
chc, b theo
8 2.6 82.5 7.5 105 0.3 1700
ct kt khu
chc vc
vi
khng Phn
chc, b theo
6 2.6 75 1.4 105 0.35 600
cui khu
kt vc
mm
Phn

b theo
phong 4 2.5 70 1.4 105 0.32 300
khu
ha
vc
Bng 2: TNG HP A CHT CA PHNG N TUYN 2

B MN CU HM
Trng H s
H s Gc
lng Modul H s nn tiu
Tn Phn ma st
ring n hi E Poisson chun
t b cng trong
(kG/cm2) ko
( f kp ) ()
(T/m3) (kg/cm3)
vi Phn
chc, b theo
8 2.6 82.5 7.5 105 0.3 1700
ct kt khu
chc vc
vi
khng Phn
chc, b theo
4 2.5 70 1.4 105 0.33 300
cui khu
kt vc
mm
Phn

b theo
phong 6 2.6 75 1.4 105 0.35 600
khu
ha
vc
II.PHN LOI A CHT KHU VC HM I QUA.

Trong phn loi a cht khu vc hm c rt nhiu phng php phn
loi khc nhau. Nhng trong xy dng hm ch yu l phn loi theo
phng php cho im khi , dy phn loi theo ch tiu RMR. Phng
php phn loi theo RMR c coi l phng php phn loi chnh trong
cng ngh thi cng theo phng php NATM.
Cn c vo kt qu nh gi cho im RMR, t c chia lm 7
loi chnh:
Bng 1: Bng phn loi theo im s RMR

Gi tr RMR 70 - 100 60 - 80 40 - 70 30 - 60 25 - 50 20 - 40 < 20
B MN CU HM
Loi A B CI CII DI DII E
Hm i qua hai lp a cht nn ta phn loi a cht cho hai loi t

nh sau:
Bng tng hp cch tnh im s RMR ca khi

Thng s Loi gi tr
i vi gi

Ch s tr th
bn 4-10 2-4 1-2
bn nn >100Mp nghim
ca Mpa Mpa Mpa
im nn n
cn
1 trc
nguy
bn nn 50- 1
n 100-250 25-50 25 <
n trc <250Mpa 100 -
trng Mpa Mpa -5 1
ca Mpa 5
Thang im 15 12 7 4 2 1 0
Ch tiu cht lng
90-100 75-90 50-75 25-50 <25
2 RQD (%)
Thang im 20 17 13 8 3
Khong cch gia 0.2- 0.06-
>2 0.6-2 <0.06
3 cc khe nt (m) 0.6 0.2
Thang im 20 15 10 8 5
4 Trng thi cc khe nt (m)
Chiu di cc khe
<1 1-3 3-10 10-20 >20
nt (m)
Thang im 6 4 2 1 0
m rng ca
Khng <0.1 0.1-1 1-5 >5
khe nt (mm)
Thang im 6 5 4 1 0
Nhm
Tnh nhm ca khe Rt Hi Rt
Nhm mn,
nt nhm nhm trn,c
phng
Thang im 6 5 3 1 0
S lp y ca khe Khng Vt liu Vt liu Vt liu Vt liu

B MN CU HM
cng <5 cng > mm < mm>5m

nt c
mm 5 mm 5mm m
Thang im 6 4 2 2 0
Phong
Khng Phong Phong
Phong ho
Mc phong ho phong ho ho hon
ho nh trung
ho nng ton
bnh
Thang im 6 5 3 1 0
Lng nc
vo mi 10m
chiu di Khng <10 10-25 25-125 >125
Tnh
hm
trng
nc (1lt/pht)
ng
5 p sut
m 0 <0.1 0.1-0.2 0.2-0.5 >0.5
nc khe nt
iu chy
Hon m chy
kin m t thnh
ton kh nc nh git
chung dng
Thang im 15 10 7 4 0
Ty thuc vo im s RMR ta c th xc nh c thi gian t n

nh khng chng ca hang o da vo bng sau:
Bng tng hp thi gian t ng vng khng chng ca hang o:
Gi tr RMR < 20 21 - 40 41 - 60 61 - 80 81 - 100

Thi gian t ng 1m 30 2.5m 10 5m 1 10m 1 15m 20
vng pht pht tun nm nm

B MN CU HM
Lc dnh c (kPa) < 100 100 - 200 200 - 300 300 - 400 > 400
Gc ni ma st
< 15 15 - 25 25 - 35 35 - 45 > 45
()
+ Hm i qua c 2 lp a cht do ta phn loi a cht cho

hai loi t nh sau:
Lp th1 : Vi khng chc, cui kt v b phong ha thp c
fkp=6, RQD=50-75%. y l lp a cht trung bnh.
Ta c bng tnh im cho lp a cht th 2 nh sau:
TT Thng s Loi gi tr im
bn ca khi cn
1 50-100 7
nguyn trng
2 Ch tiu cht lng 50-75 13
Khong cch gia cc khe
3 0.2-0.6 10
nt
4 Chiu di ca cc khe nt 3-10mm 2
5 m rng khe nt(mm) <0.1 5
6 Tnh nhm ca khe nt Hi nhm 3
Vt liu cng
7 S lp y ca khe nt 4
<5mm
8 Mc phong ha Phong ha nh 5
9 Tnh trng nc ngm m t 10
Tng im RMR 59
Vy a cht lp 1 l loi C II. Thi gian t ng vng ca lp ny l

5m trong vng 1 tun
( RMR 10 )
Xc nh c m un n hi ca khi : E = 10 40 = 16788Mpa.
+ Khong khng chng 5m ,thi gian c th t n nh trong 1

tun ngy.
+ Lc dnh c (Mpa): chn c = 0,3(Mpa)
Gc ni ma st: = 300

B MN CU HM
Lp th 2: vi chc, ct kt chc, c f kp= 8, RQD=75-90%. y l

lp a cht ch yu, nm su trong ni b phong ho nh, cc khe nt hp
v ngn , khong cch gia cc khe nt ln v c lp y bng vt liu
cng. a cht ca lp ny tng i m t.
T bng tng hp tnh im trn ta c bng tnh im cho lp a cht ny
nh sau:
bn ca khi cn
1 100-250 12
nguyn trng
2 Ch tiu cht lng 75-90% 17
3 0.06-0.2 8
nt
4 Chiu di ca cc khe nt 1-3 4
5 m rng khe nt(mm) <0.1mm 5
6 Tnh nhm ca khe nt nhm 5
Vt liu mm
<5mm
Khng phong
8 Mc phong ha 6
ha
9 Tnh trng nc ngm Kh hon ton 15
Tng im RMR 74
Vy a cht lp 2 l loi B. Lp ny c thi gian t ng vng

khng chng l 10m trong thi gian nm.
( RMR 10 )

nm.
+ Lc dnh c (Mpa): chn c = 0,35 (Mpa)
Gc ni ma st: = 400
Theo tiu chun ca Nht ta c cc thng s k thut tham kho sau:
Loi Phng Khong Bulng, neo Vm Btng Lp

B MN CU HM
Khong cch
cch o Chiu (m) chng
php phun
vt di Theo Theo Thp thm
o (cm)
trc(m) (m) phng phng (cm)
ngang dc
Ton
B 2 3 1.5 2 - 5 30
gng
H-
Ton
CII 1.2 3 1.5 1.2 125 10 30
gng
U-21
III.D kin cu to kt cu v bin php cng ngh thi cng ng

hm.
-Hm c thi cng theo cng ngh NATM,d kin o ton tit din
gng.
-Kt cu chng tm s dng btng phun dy 5cm v kt hp vi neo.
-Lp v btng cui cng bng btng dy 30cm
PHN II
THIT K C S
Cn c la chn gii php cho mi phng n tuyn l chn tuyn hoc
bnh din tuyn.
Yu cu chung ca cng tc vch tuyn trn bnh :
Khc phc cc yu t kh khn ca tuyn ng v bnh , trc
dc.
Tuyn hm phi ph hp vi tng th mng li ng hin ti.
Cc phng n tuyn phi xt n s thun li cho thit k, c
bit l thi cng. Ph hp vi cng tc vn chuyn vt liu, tn dng
c vt liu ti ch nhm gim thiu c chi ph xy dng.

B MN CU HM
S la chn ca phng n phi da trn c s phn tch , so snh

v kinh t trong thit k, thi cng, khai thc. c bit l yu t an
ton cho cc phng tin phi c bo m.
Vch tuyn bnh v trc dc ca hm c thit k m bo cc
chc nng v mc ch ca hm nh l mt phn ca tuyn ng
theo a hnh, a cht, s dng diu kin mi trng da trn kt
qu kho st, o c ngay ti hin trng.
Vch tuyn ca bnh nn chn hng tuyn thng, ng cong
bn knh ln m bo giao thng lun thng sut.
dc hm i vi trc dc c lp phi ln hn 0.3% m
bo thot nc t nhin trong qu trnh thi cng hm. m bo
iu kin thng gi tt trong hm, gim thiu lng kh thi ca
cc phng tin th dc dc khng vt qu 4%.
Da vo hai im khng ch A-B trn bnh vi cc yu t hnh hc

ca tuyn ti xut hai phng n i tuyn.
PHNG N I
HAI HM N SONG SONG
Trong phng n ny vi s b chn chiu di hm 1260m, nn em

kin ngh thit k hai hm n chy song song nhau.
Do hai hm chy sng song nhau nn hai hm phi nm cch nhau mt
khong nht nh trnh s tc ng qua li ln nhau. Khong cch gia
hai hm c tnh da theo nguyn tc nh hng ln nhau ca hai ct t
(vm p lc) khi khai o hai hm hnh thnh, tc ng ca thi cng
khng ph v trng thi t nhin ca tng ngn cch hai ct p lc ny.

B MN CU HM
Trong trng hp ny ta tnh cho trng hp nguy him nht l hm

t ti v tr su nht c su 156.41m, s b tnh cho kh gi hn. Khong
cch theo M.M.Protojakonov c xc nh nh sau:
BZ
C 0,65
f kp
Trong :
: Trng lng th tch ca khi t pha trn nc hm T/m3.
2, 6T / m3
B: Khu tnh i ca khi t pha trn ng hm (m).

B1 B2 5.965 5.965
B 2.4423m
2 2
B1,B2 : Khu ca hai hm.
B1=5.965; B2 = 5.965m
Z: Chiu su t mt t xung nh hm, xc nh v tr su nht.
Z=156.41m
fkp : H s kin c ca t .
fkp= 8.
2: Gc ma st ca lp a cht 2, theo M.M.Protojakonov 2=40 0.
Thay vo cng thc ta c:
2.6 2.4423 156.41
C 0, 65 11.142m
8
Vy khong cch hai hm cn thit k l:

2
L B1 B 2 C h1.tg (45 ) h 2tg (45 2 )
2 2
40 40
5.965 5.965 11.142 8.74tg (45 ) 8.74tg (45 )
2 2
31.2m

B MN CU HM
Tuy nhin trong n ny m bo an ton cng nh c s thay i

a cht em kin ngh khong cch gia hai tim hm l 32m.
I - THIT K TUYN HM.
1.1 Nhng yu t hnh hc ca tuyn hm:
1.1.1. im u tuyn:
+ L trnh: Km: 0+00

+ Cao t nhin: 67.81m.
+ Cao thit k: 69.00m
1.1.2. im cui tuyn:
+L trnh: Km 3+00.
+Cao t nhin: 63.11m.
+Cao thit k: 63.20m
Bnh din tuyn thit k:
Tuyn c thit k l t hp cc on ng thng c ni vi

nhau bng 2 ng cong c chiu di ton tuyn l: 3000 m. Mc ch ca
vic thit k ng cong chuyn tip l lm gim lc ly tm khi phng tin
giao thng chuyn t ng thng vo ng cong trn.
Tuyn c thit k vi 2 ln xe l i b hai bn mi bn rng
1.0m. Trn tuyn phi i qua ni cao nn ta b tr hm xuyn ni t
Km0+500 n Km1+760. Hm c thit k l hai hm n mi hm c hai
ln xe chy, c b tr l cho ngi i b v l cng v.
V tr v yu t hnh hc ca cc ng cong:

B MN CU HM
Mc ch ca vic thit k ng cong chuyn tip l lm gim lc ly tm

khi phng tin giao thng chuyn t ng thng vo ng cong trn.
1.2 Bnh din hm.
Bnh din hm c xt t Km0+500 n Km1+760 trn tuyn:
Tuyn gm hai hm chy song song vi nhau cch nhau 32m. Mi hm
c thit k cho hai ln xe chy cng chiu. Hai hm c ni vi nhau
thng qua cc hm ngang, cc hm ngang cch nhau 300m.
Hai hm c thit k trn ng thng v c ni vi ng ngoi
bng cc ng cong.
+ Bnh din ng hm dn ca pha ty: c ly ra trc ca hm mt

on 100m. on ny nm trn ng thng ca tuyn hm ni vi ng
cong chuyn tip bn knh 250m, vi cc thng s k thut nh sau:
Chiu di on chuyn tip l = 110m

Chiu di ng tangT0 = 235.69 m
Chiu di cung trn KT0 = 399.74 m
Gc chuyn hng A =800915
Bn knh ng cong R2 =250m
dc siu cao 8%
+ Bnh din ng dn ca pha ng: ng dn vo ca nm trn ng
cong chuyn tip R=250 m
Chiu di cung trn KT0 = 399.7m
+ Cc thng s k thut:

B MN CU HM
Hm tri (theo hng t ty vo ng): Hm c thit k cho

hai ln xe chy cng chiu c chiu rng mt ng 7m, b tr gii phn
cch mm, bn tri hm b tr l cho ngi i b rng 1.0m, bn phi b tr
l cng v rng 0.5m phc v cho cng tc duy tu sa cha hm khi gp
s c.
Hm phi: Hm c thit k cho hai ln xe chy cng chiu c
chiu rng mt ng 7m, b tr gii phn cch mm, hai bn hm b tr 1l
cng v rng 0.5m phc v cho cng tc duy tu sa cha hm khi gp s
c. bn phi hm b tr l cho ngi i b rng 1.0m
B tr hm ngang: Hm ngang c b tr ni hai hm chnh vi
nhau nhm mc ch d phng khi mt trong hai hm gp s c th cc
phng tin ang lu thng trn hm s chuyn sang hm bn cnh v di
chuyn ra ngoi. Cc hm ngang c b tr cch nhau 300m theo chiu dc
ng hm chnh v c tit din khng thay i. Hm ngang c b tr trn
ng thng vi tit din cho hai ln xe chy. thun li cho vic di
chuyn t hm chnh vo hm ngang v ngc li th hai on u hm
ngang c m rng ra hai bn theo ng cong trn c bn knh 3m.
Vi chiu di hm chnh l 1260m, nn ta b tr 3 hm ngang
Bng tng hp v tr cc hm ngang:
TT V tr Chiu di Ghi ch
1 Km0+820 20.07 Cch ca Ty 320m
2 Km1+120 20.07 Cch ca Ty 620m
3 Km1+420 20.07 Cch ca ng 340m
V tr cc ca hm:

B MN CU HM
V tr ca hm c la chn lng o bt l t nht do vic tng

chiu su ng o trc ca hm s lm tng gi thnh ca ca hm, bt
dc ca hm v gia c chng. iu ny gy kh khn cho cng tc c gii
ho o bt ca hm. Hin nay cng tc o bt ang c xem xt c
th trnh c st trt do nh hng ca kh hu nhm m bo giao thng
c an ton. Tuy vy nu ta t ca hm sm qu th cng lm tng gi
thnh ca hm. Do vy v tr t ca hm tt nht l hai gi thnh ny xp x
nhau.
Kinh nghim thit k ch ra rng trong t st chiu su ng o
trc ca hm khng c vt qu 12-15m. Trong cng c th bt ti
20-25m. Tuy nhin ngi ta thng ly nhng tr s nh hn m bo an
ton v n gin trong thi cng. Do vy ta chn v tr t ca hm nh sau:
- Ca hm pha Ty: Km: 0+500, cao t nhin: 93.71m
Cao thit k: 79.02m
- Ca hm pha ng: Km: 1+760, cao t nhin: 95.49m
Cao thit k: 78.58m
-Chnh cao gia hai ca hm 0.44m .
Hm c thit k theo 2 hng dc v c ni vi nhau bng
on ng cong li c bn knh 2500m. Chiu di mi nhnh:
Nhnh hm pha Ty di: 630m
Nhnh hm pha ng di: 630m
1.3 - Trc dc tuyn hm.
1.3.1. ng dn vo hm :
+ ng dn vo ca hm pha Ty:

B MN CU HM
L on tuyn nm trn on ng cong chuyn tip vo ng thng

ca hm di 500 c dc 1% theo hng vo trong hm, l on nn va
o va p.
+ ng dn vo ca hm ng:
ng vo hm chnh c chiu di 1240m, dc l 1.1% theo dc

ca hm, l loi nn va o va p.
1.3.2. Trc dc trong hm chnh:
ng hm pha ca Ty:
Chiu di hm: 630m.

Loi hnh: Nn o
dc dc: 1%.
Hng dc: Dc v pha ca hm.
ng hm pha ca ng:
Chiu di: 630m

Loi hnh: nn o.
dc dc: 1.1%
Hng dc: dc v pha ca hm.
Trc dc trong hm: Hm dc v hai pha ca ca hm, on chuyn
tip gia hai hng dc dc trong hm l mt ng cong ng bn knh
R=2500m c chiu di m.
dc mi on: on 1 xut pht t ca pha Ty c chiu di 630m
v c dc l 1.0%. on 2 chuyn tip t on 1 v pha ca hm pha
Nam c dc 1.10% v di 630m.

B MN CU HM
Trc dc cc hm ngang: Cc hm ngang c thit k vi 2 hng dc v

dc v pha hm phi vi dc 2 %.
II KCH THC HNH HC CA NG TRONG HM:
2.1. Kh gii hn trong hm.

2.1.1. Kh gii hn tip gip kin trc trong hm.
nh ngha: Kh gii hn tip gip kin trc l mt a gic khp kn,
nm trn mt phng vung gc vi tim ng to thnh khong khng ti
thiu dnh cho giao thng, mi chi tit kt cu cc cng trnh trn ng u
phi nm bn ngoi ng bao gii hn ny.
T iu kin ca u bi hm khng c l ngi i b do cc thng
s ca kh gii hn nh sau:
+Hm tri:
B rng mt ng xe chy (ng cp III) : B = 7m.
L i b rng 1.0m
0.50 8.10 0.50
Tim ng
Tim hm
0.50
5.00
4.00
4.00
2.50
0.25
0.40
1.00 0.55 7.00 0.55 0.50
Hnh v: Kh gii hn hm tri

+Hm phi:

B MN CU HM
0.50 8.10 0.50
Tim ng
Tim hm
1.00
5.00
4.00
2.50
0.25
0.40
0.50 0.55 7.00 0.55 1.50
Hnh v: Kh gii hn hm phi
2.1.2. Tnh khng trong hm:

Ngoi vic tun th qui nh ca kh gii hn tip gip kin trc, kch
thc bn trong ng hm cn phi duy tr nhng khong khng gian
thong cn thit nhm tho mn nhng yu cu trong thi cng v trong khai
thc sau y:
- ch b tr cc thit b phc v khai thc: thit b thng tin, tn hiu,
cp in, chiu sng v thng gi.
- m bo yu cu trong thi cng d s dng nhng loi vn khun
nh hnh v khc phc bin dng theo thi gian ca a tng v
ca kt cu v hm
Do vy gia kh gii hn kin trc v mt trong ca v hm c mt
khong h theo qui nh, trong n ny em kin ngh cc im gi hn
tnh khng trong hm nh sau:
- im O cch cnh trn ca kh gii hn t 670-770mm, chn:
O 750mm

B MN CU HM
- im A cch gc thp ca kh gii hn 150mm tnh theo phng vung

gc vi cnh cho ca kh gii hn, c:
A 150mm
- im I v I nm 2 bn tng hm, i vi hm ng b:
Cao : cch mt l ngi i b, l cng v 1250mm
Cch ng gii hn: c 500mm
Ta c cc im gii hn tnh khng trong hm nh sau:
0.25
0.25
O O
0.75
0.75
A A
Tim ng
Tim ng
Tim hm
Tim hm
o1 o2 o1' o1' o2 o1
c' c c c'
0.50
1.25
1.25
0.50
0.50
1.25
1.25
0.50
8.10 8.10
0.40
0.40
B B
Hnh v: Tnh khng hm tri-----hm phi
2.2. Cch dng khun hm.

Trong phng n thit k ny ta s dng hm i 4ln xe, do em kin
ngh chn khun hm dng ng cong 3 tm, cch dng nh sau:
- K ng thng I I.
- Xc nh ng tim hm, l ng thng ng i qua trung im ca
ng thng I I.
- Ly im A lm tm v cung trn bn knh R1=B-1000 = 6000mm,
cung trn ny ct ng thng I I ti im O1.
- Ly O1 lm tm v cung trn bn knh R 1, ta c cung trn AB, trong
B l im c cao ngang vi cao mt ng xe chy.

B MN CU HM
- Ly O1 l im i xng ca O 1 qua ng tim hm. Tng t ta v

c cung trn AB i xng vi AB qua ng tim hm.
- Ly O2 (l giao im ca AO1 vi tim hm) lm tm v cung trn bn
knh R2= O2A ta c cung trn ni 2 im AA .
Cui cng ta dng c ng khun hm l ng cong 3 tm O1, O1, O2
0.25
0.75
A
Tim ng
Tim hm
o1 o2 o1'
c' c
1.25
0.50 0.50
1.25
8.10
0.40
Hnh v:Khun hm cho hm tri
0.25
O
0.75
A
Tim n g
Tim h m
o1' o2 o1
c c'
1.25
0.50
1.25
0.50
8.10
0.40
Hnh v:Khun hm cho hm phi

B MN CU HM
III - KT CU V HM.
ng hm thi cng theo cng ngh NATM, hang o c chng
bng btng phun v neo, v hm bng btng ti ch. Dc theo chiu
di hm, v hm c thit k theo mt s dng ph hp vi tng loi cu
to a cht phn tch trong chng 3 ca phn I trn.
Kt cu v hm c la chn phi tha mn cc iu kin sau:
+ Kch thc s dng hp l
+ Din tch mt ct ngang nh nht
+ Bo m kh nng chu lc v n nh
+ Thot nc, chiu sng, thng gi thun li
+ Thi cng d dng, s dng c gii ha thi cng thun tin
Phng n I tuyn hm i qua 3 loi a cht khc nhau nn ta c 3 loi
kt cu v hm tng ng vi mi loi a cht.
3.1. Btng phun (Shotcrete):

Btng phun l mt loi kt cu chng kiu mi, cng l mt loi
cng ngh mi. Ngi ta s dng my phun btng theo mt trnh t hn
hp nht nh, dng btng nh trn thm cht ninh kt nhanh phun vo
b mt vch , s nhanh chng c kt thnh mt tng kt cu chng gi, do
m pht huy tc dng bo v i vi vi nham. Cng ngh phun btng
gm 3 loi: Phun kh, phun t, phun hn hp. Trong n em la chn
cng ngh phun t.
Cng ngh phun t: l em ct liu, ximng v nc theo t l thit
k trn u, dng my phun t a btng n u phun, ti gia thm
cht ninh kt nhanh v phun ra, dy chuyn cng ngh.
Cht lng btng phun t d khng ch, bi bm v lng n hi
trong qu trnh phun rt t.

B MN CU HM
Chiu dy lp btng phun t 5-10cm. Trong trng hp a cht xu

th chiu dy btng phun c th ln n 20cm.
Thnh phn hn hp btng phun bao gm: Xi mng, nc, ct,
dm, ph gia.
Thnh phn hn hp btng phun phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:
+ Xi mng u tin s dng cc ximng silicat ph thng, th n l
ximng silicat ni la mc 425 tr ln. Khi c yu cu s dng c bit th
s dng cc loi ximng c chng nhm m bo thi gian ninh kt ca
btng phun v tnh ho hp tt ca cht ninh kt nhanh.
+ Ct: s dng ct ht va c ng knh ht nh c mn ln hn
2,5; c ng knh 0-8mm, m bo cng ca btng phun v gim
thiu lng bi khi thi cng, cng gim thiu vt nt do co ngt khi ho
cng.
+ dm la chn dm c ng knh ht nh khng ln hn
15mm. Nhm ngn nga vic tc ng v gim thiu lng n hi trong qu
trnh phun btng.
+ Nc: dng nc sch
T l N/X khng ch khong 0,47-0,48 m bo st l 20cm, t l
mt mt ca va t di 20%.

B MN CU HM
Cht ninh
Ct liu mn
kt nhanh
Ct liu th
Xi mng My trn My phun Vi phun

t
N c
Ph gia Khnn
Hnh : Dy chuyn cng ngh phun t.

ca neo.
Thng neo chn chiu di trong khong t 2,5-3,0m i khi c th ln n
4,0 m
- Loi neo chn loi neo EXL Swellex ,SN,c ng knh lm vic d =
41mm, chiu dy v thp l 2mm, chiu di 3m,
- Thn neo l v thp mng .
- Ban u khi cha bm nc c ng knh l D , sau khi bm nc c
ng knh l D>D. Thn neo n ra p cht vo thnh l khoan .
- Mi thanh neo c chiu di khong 2->3m. c dng trong trng hp
t trung bnh c cha nc khng s dng c va xi mng.

B MN CU HM
D D'
Ban u chua bm nu c Sau khi bm nu c

200x200x10
B?n d?m
10 4000
?u neo
100
Bulng
A-A
50
30
3.3. Cc dng kt cu v hm ca hm chnh.

Kt cu v hm c la chn phi tho mn cc iu kin sau:
Kch thc s dng hp l.
Din tch mt ct ngang nh nht.
Bo m kh nng chu lc v n nh.
Thot nc, chiu sang, thng gi thun li.
B MN CU HM
Thi cng d dng, s dng c gii ho thi cng thun tin.

Phng n 1 c 2 dng kt cu v hm ng vi 2 loi a cht:
i vi t c fkp=8, t c kh nng n nh cao c kkh nng t
ng vng vi khong cch khng chng 10m trong vng 1nm do vy
ta khng b tr neo gia c trong a cht ny. Tnh ton ly chiu dy lp v
btng vnh cu l 30cm, chiu dy lp btng phun ly 5cm, Gia hai lp
btng phun b tr lp chng thm dy 0.5cm trn ton mt ct v hm .
O O
Tim ng
Tim n g
Tim h m
Tim hm
o2 o2
c' c c c'
o1 o1' o1' o1
2% 2% 2% 2%
2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
1% 1% 1% 1%
1.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7%
Hnh v: Kt cu v hm vi fkp=8 hm tri- hm phi

i vi t c fkp=6, t tng i tt do trong ong a cht ny
su t hm khng ln di 30m nn ta chn chiu dy btng vnh cu
40cm, chiu dy lp btng phun ly 8cm, Gia hai lp btng phun b tr
lp chng thm dy 0,5cm trn ton mt ct v hm. Chn neo sewlex, di
2,5m khon cch gia cc neo theo chiu dc v ngang l 1.0m,.Khi thi cng
gp iu kin kh khn thi dng neo va b tng phun kt hp.

B MN CU HM
O O
Tim ng
Tim ng
Tim hm
Tim hm
o2 o2
c' c c c'
o1 o1' o1' o1
2% 2% 2% 2%
2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
1% 1% 1% 1%
1.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7%
Hnh v: Kt cu v hm vi fkp=6
IV - KT CU MT NG XE CHY V NG B HNH :
Hnh thc b tr mt xe chy trong hm:
Mt ng trong hm ta s dng mt Btng ximng, c dc v hai
pha vi dc 2%.
Cu to cc lp mt ng: y l tuyn ng quan trng cho vic pht
trin kinh t sau ny nn c lu lng xe ln v c y cc thnh phn xe
tham gia vi cc xe c ti trng ln. Vi nh hng nh vy nn vic sa
cha lc s rt kh khn do vy ta chn thit k o ng cng, c th:
- Lp 1 : Mt ng ximng Portland M400 dy 240mm
- Lp 2 : Lp cp phi nn ng dy ti thiu 200mm. S b chn

chiu dy lp ny l 250mm
- Cc chi tit nh ng cp in, ng cp nc phng ho c b tr pha
di l ngi i b.
- Cc ng thot nc hng, ng thot nc ngang, ng thot nc dc c
kch thc nh trn hnh v.
Ta c cu to ca mt ng trong hm nh sau:
B MN CU HM
C? U T? O M? T U? NG TRONG H? M
Tim ng
Tim hm
2% 2%
2% 2% 2% 2%
1%
1%
1.7% 1.7%
Hnh v: Kt cu mt ng xe chy
V PHNG NC V THOT NC TRONG HM.

Nc khng ch l mt trong nhng nhn t nh hng n thi cng bnh
thng ca ng hm m cn l mt trong nhng nhn t quan trng nh
hng n qu trnh vn doanh bnh thng ca ng hm
Trong thi gian thi cng, tc dng ca nc ngm khng ch h thp
n nh vi nham lm cho vic o gp kh khn, lm tng kh khn v
tn km cho vic chng . Ngoi ra, nu x l nc ngm khng tha ng
th c th to mi nguy hi cng ln nh mc nc ngm, mc nc trn
mt b h thp, mi trng nc b thay i nh hng sn xut nng
nghip
Trong thi k vn doanh, mc nc ngm t cc khe thi cng b tng
v hm, khe bin dng (khe co dui v khe ln), vt nt v mt s ng
thng khc chui vo hm. Cc thit b thng tin, cung cp in, chiu sng
do b m t, b g, b n mn v h hng nh hng n an ton trong
qu trnh khai thc.

B MN CU HM
trnh v gim thiu mi nguy hi ca nc nguyn tc tng hp

thy tr sau y c tng kt Ngn, bt, thot cng kt hp v ly vic
c v hm lm bin php c bn phong nc.
5.1. Cu to lp chng thm v hm:
Khi vi nham c din tch khe h ngn nc ln v lng nc cng
nh p lc khng ln lm, c th phun b tng che chng ln u sau khi thi
cng xong, trc lc thi cng che chn ln hai, cn ph mt tm cht do bt
nc vo. Tm phng nc bng tm cht do l mt loi k thut phng
nc mi c p dng n c tnh phng nc tt, tnh nng chng mc nt
tt.
Khi lt v c nh tm khng nn cng qu cht, cn li mt mc
lng nht nh khi b tng v tm cht do c th bt cc ch li lm
v dn cht khng pht sinh ko cng qua mc hoc b ph hoi.
5.2. Bin php thot nc:
Thng thng kt cu thot nc c: rnh ngm, h thot nc, rnh
thot nc. Thot nc thi cng bao gm hai b phn l: Thot nc trong
hm v thot nc ngoi hm.
Thot nc ngoi hm ch yu l chng l v b tr thot nc phng
ma ma l nc chy vo trong ming hm.
Thot nc trong hm c t ngun nc ngm v nc dng cho thi
cng. Phng php thot nc trong hm da vo tnh hnh dc tuyn
ng v c chia ra lm hai loi:
+ Thot nc theo dc: dc thit k khng nh hn 0,5%
hng ra ming hm, bn cnh hm o mt rnh dc thot
nc. nc c th thun theo rnh dc chy ra ming hm. Khi
li dng ho dn song dong thot nc th nn thp hn y

B MN CU HM
hm 0,2m-0,6m, cho cc ng thng ngang cng c c

mt dc li cho thot nc.
+ Thot nc ngc dc: phi dc vo hm, nc s tp trung
vo mt o nn phi dng my bm thot nc.
Bin php thot nc m em s dng y l thot nc theo dc.
Thot nc mt trong hm em s dng hai rnh ngm hai bn mp
ng thu nc mt trong hm cch nhau khong 100m lm mt h thu
nc. nc trong rnh s c ni vi ng thot nc dc theo hm v a
ra ngoi hm.
5.3. Cu to rnh thot nc.
B tr kt cu thot nc cn kt hp thi cng v b tng. Qa trnh
thot nc nh sau: nc t trong cc khe nt ca vi nham tin vo rnh
ngm sau lng v hm, l thot nc nm sau di rnh ngm (l thot
nc xuyn qua b phn di tng bn ca v) nc thot ra t l ri i
vo rnh dc trong ng hm v qua rnh dc thot ra ngoi.
5.3.1 Rnh ngm:
Tc dng ca rnh ngm l to ng thng nc gia v hm v vi
nham lm cho nc tp trung vo l thot nc. Rnh ngm ch yu dng
dn dng nc thm cc b vo ch tp trung. Hin nay thng dng
nht l loi rnh ngm mm c ch to trong cc x nghip.
y rnh ngm em s dng rnh ngm mm c s dng vt liu lc
5.3.2 L thot nc:
L thot nc c b tr chn tng ca v hm, l s a nc
vo rnh ngm trc tip thot nc vo rnh dc ca ng hm. Thi cng
l thot nc khi dng cp pha ng hm cn lp ngay ng thot nc v
c bit cn thn ng cui ni thng vi rnh ngm, u ngoi xuyn qua

B MN CU HM
cp pha. Hoc c th thi cng sau khi thi cng xong v hm xc nh v

tr thot nc v sau dng khoan khoan l thot nc.
5.3.4 Rnh thot nc:
Rnh thot nc tip nhn nc t l thot a li v thot ra ngoi
hm.
Rnh thot nc dc ng hm c 3 hnh thc: mt bn, 2 bn v
gia lng . Rnh c xc nh theo cc nhn t: dc tuyn ng, hnh
thc mt ng, lng nc ln hay nh. Thi cng rnh thot nc, thng
thng ng thi phi b tng c vm y hoc vm y, m bo
tnh ton khi ca rnh phng nc thm xung di nh hng n nn
VI - THIT K CA HM.
V tr ca hm.
V tr ca hm c xc nh t nhng thng s v kt cu v kinh t
c xt n nhng iu kin c th ca khu vc t ca.
Vic tng chiu su ng o trc ca hm s lm tng gi thnh
ca ca hm, bt dc ca hm v gia c chng. Bt dc nh hm cao cng
thng ph hoi s n nh ca phn gn ca v i hi tin hnh khi
lng kh ln cng tc t trn cao. iu lm xu iu kin c gii
ho cng tc ny.
Ngoi ra, chiu su ng o li b hn ch bi chnh tnh cht ca
m ng o xy dng trong chng. Trong iu kin bt li vic to nn
ng do su thng lin quan n cc hin tng trt v st l. Xt v
mt m bo thng xe an ton th l nhng nhn t bt li.
trc ca khng vt qu 12-15m. trong cng c th t ti 20-25m. Tuy
nhin ngi ta thng ly nhng tr s nh hn nhiu. iu c gii
thch l khi mi dc trc ca ln th vic gim bt chiu su ng o
B MN CU HM
trc ca s gim ng k khi lng cng tc t m chiu di hm di ra

khng ng k bao nhiu. Chiu su ti thiu ca ng o trc ca trong
cng quyt nh sao cho bn trn vng v hm u tin c lp dy
(thng 2-3m) m bo thi cng bng phng php kn vi s cng
ngh thng nht cho ton hm.
Kt cu ca hm.
Ca hm l b phn chuyn tip t ng o vo hm. Ca hm c
tc dng m bo n nh mi dc trn ca hm v ta luy ng o, m
bo thot nc t trn sn ni ra ngoi hm. Ca hm l b phn duy nht
l ra ngoi nn cn c tc dng trang tr cho cng trnh. i vi hm ni
thng vi mt t nm ngang (hm xe in ngm) bng hm nghing c b
tr cho ngi ln xung th kt cu n gin hn v khng phi lm tng
chn. chn nc ch cn lm nh bao che khu vc ca hm.
Ca hm thng gm c ca chnh, tu thuc vo a hnh khu vc
ca tng chnh vung gc hoc cho gc vi trc hm, rnh thot nc v
vng v hm u tin. Trong mt s trng hp (fkp < 2) m bo n
nh tng chnh v gim khi lng ng o, trc ca hm trn mt
on no c thm cc tng cnh c chiu cao thay i.
xy ca tin hnh o ct v chng mi dc trn hm. Tng
chnh c lin kt vi vng v u bng ct thp hoc on thp hnh. Cc
bin ca tng chnh ta trc tip ln mi dc ta luy ng o hoc ng
cnh. y tng chnh chn su vo nn v ta luy ng o 1,4- 1,8m ( c
xt n kh nng si mn v n nh ca tng chn).
Nc chy t trn mi dc trn hm xung c thu vo rnh ngang
sau tng chnh t nc chy theo rnh c dc 2% sang ta luy ng
o ri xung rnh dc nn ng ( cng c th t chc chy theo ng ).
Thnh v y ca rnh nc c xy hoc b tng trnh si mn.
B MN CU HM
ngn ri t trn mi dc nh hm khong cch t chn mi dc

n lng tng chnh khng nh hn 1,5m, lp t dy gim chn
ng do ln t trn mi dc xung.
6.1. Ca hm pha Ty:
- V tr ca hm: Ca hm c t sm cch chn taluy 2m. Nm Km:
0+500
- Kt cu ca hm: Chiu cao hm l 8.72m ca hm t trn a cht c f kp
= 6 nn:
on ng dn vo ca hm c o bt hai bn theo dc mi
taluy l 1:0,5
Mi ta luy trn nc hm c o bt theo dc 1:0,5 vi hai cp
u tin.
Hai bn mp hm cch chn ta luy hai bn l 2 mt m bo
din tch mt bng thi cng.
Rnh thot nc b tr di chn ta luy rng 0,5m m bo thot
nc chy t trn ta luy xung.
Da vo iu kin a hnh, a cht ti khu vc em chn kt cu ca
hm ca phng n 1 nh sau:

B MN CU HM
5.20
5.62
32.00
11.25
10.40
4.00
2.50
1.5% 1.5%
0.50
Rnh thot nu?c
Rnh thot nu?c
8.74
Rnh thot nu?c du?i 32.00 Rnh thot nu?c du?i

B MN CU HM
l?p b tng phun dy 10 cm
M?t du?ng dy 20 cm M?t du?ng dy 20 cm

2%
Tim ng
Tim ng
2%
Tim l
Tim l
1.5% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1.5%
Rnh thot nu?c Rnh thot nu?c
10.40
M?t du?ng dy 20 cm
2%
5.20
2.50
11.24
8.72
0.5 %
5.62
6.2. Ca hm pha ng:

1+760
- Kt cu ca hm: Chiu cao hm l 8.72m ca hm t trn a cht c
fkp = 6 nn:
taluy l 1:0.5
u tin

B MN CU HM

5.30
5.62
32.00

B MN CU HM

Tim ng
Tim ng
M?t du?ng dy 20 cm
2%
Tim l
Tim l
1.5% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1.5%
Rnh thot nu?c

Rnh thot nu?c
10.60
M?t du?ng dy 20 cm
2.00 2%
2.50
5.30 0.50
11.24
8.72
2.50 1.1 %
5.62 0.50
VII THNG GI V CHIU SNG TRONG HM.

B MN CU HM
Thng gi l bin php lm lu thng mt lng khng kh giu mt

khong khng gian b bao kn vi mi trng bn ngoi lm cho khng gian
thong mt khng gy nh hng xu n nhng iu kin s dng.
Nhim v ca h thng thng gi:
+ Lm lu thng v thay i khng khi trong hm chng ngng
ng hi nc v lm gim khi c thot ra t cc tng nham
thch.
+ Thi xua ra ngoi hoc lm long nng cc cht kh c hi
do cc phng tin giao thng thi ra.
+ H nhit trong hm xung n thang ph hp.
+ Lc sch bi khi lm khng khi thong ng m bo tm
nhn cho cc phng tin giao thng.
Mc ch ca thng gi:
+ m bo iu kin lm vic bnh thng cho nhng ngi lm
cng tc duy tu bo dng. duy tr khng gian trong lnh d
chu cho hnh khch khi i vo trong hm v mi trng bnh
thng cho li xe.
+ m bo an ton trong khai thc chng chy n.
+ Gim cng n mn v hm v gim tc phong ha i
vi vch hang trn.
7.1. Bin php thng gi:
Cc cn c la chn bin php thng gi:
+ Da vo lu lng kh thi ca cc phng tin giao thng v
cua nham thch.
+ Da vo chiu di hm, din tch hm v s chnh lch p sut
gia hai ca hm.

B MN CU HM
+ Vn tc t nhin ca gi.
Phng n th hai c hai hm n chy song song cch nhau 32 mt:
+ Chiu di hm bn tri:1260m chiu di hm ln hn 400m nn
ngoi vic li dng thng gi t nhin bt buc phi s dng
thng gi nhn to vi bin php s dng thng gi nhn to l
s dng qut gi t ca hm, thi gi dc vo trong hm,v
ging ng.
+ Chiu di hm phi: 1260m chiu di ny ln hn 400m nn
phi s dng bin php thng gi nhn to l s dng s
thng gi dc hm,s dng ging ng.
Lu lng cp gi:
Tc gi :
Chiu di ng dn gi trong hm:
140.00 140.00
7.2. S thng gi.

S dng bin php thng gi bng ging ng,dc hm bng qut gi
c b tr qut tip sc. Qut gi c t v tr ca hm A

B MN CU HM
O O
Tim ng
Tim ng
Tim hm
Tim hm
o2 o2
c' c c c'
o1 o1' o1' o1
2% 2% 2% 2%
2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
1% 1% 1% 1%
1.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7%
7.3. Thit b qut gi:

Thit b qut gi c la chn khi tnh ton c lu lng khng
kh sch cn cung cp cho ng hm.
Xc nh cng sut ca qut cp gi:
Q.H
N = k . 102.
1
Trong :
L
v 2 . ( )
H p sut gi = 4R
2
1 , - h s c hiu ca ng dn v ca qut my.
Q lu lng khng kh sch.

- h s nhm.
- h s mt mt, ly theo bng v ph thuc vo hnh
dng ng

B MN CU HM
7.4. Bin php chiu sng v b tr chiu sng:

Chiu sng trong qu trnh thi cng: V ng hm di nn khi thi
cng phi s dng nh sng nhn to. Chiu sng tt s m bo an ton,
gim nh sc lao ng, k thut thi cng chnh xc v tng nng sut lao
ng ln 15 20%.
- Chiu sng chung s dng n treo RN - 100, cng sut 100 W,
s dng ngun in h th 127V. cao n h = 5m, khong cch bng l =
30m.
- Chiu sng c nhn, th thi cng v cn b k thut s dng
n m v n xch tay c quy 5.5 V.
Chiu sng trong qu trnh khai thc: s dng h thng cc n cao p
c lp t hai bn vch hm
VIII - BIN PHP THI CNG CH O.
1. Khi tin hnh thit k v t chc phi tun theo nhng quy tc sau:
- Bo m thi hn v tm mi cch tng tc thi cng.
- C gii ho cao nht v tin ti t ng ho trong qu trnh thi
cng.
- p dng cc phng php v k thut thi cng tin tin
- p dung ti a cc cu kin, chi tit lp ghp c ch to sn
trong nh my.
- H gi thnh.
- Khi lng cng trnh tm thi nh nht.
2. Chn phng n thi cng.
2.1 Cng tc o hm chnh:

B MN CU HM
Vic o hm chnh s c tin hnh bng phng php NATM v vic

khoan n cc loi ch yu thc hin theo phng php chia bc.Khoan va
n bc trn xong sau thi cng bc di .Vic khoan thng c thc
hin bng mt s my khoan thu lc ba cng Jumbo bnh lp. Ngoi ra
phi ht sc ch gim thiu din tch o qu mc, ch quan st cc
iu kin i cht v phn tch cc s liu thu c bng thit b o c. Cc
tng ri v khng n nh s c loi b bng my ph v my o
gu nghch trnh cho khi ri xung nguy him. Cc iu kin t gi
vm thp s c my o gu nghch chun b bo m v tr khng b o
qu mc.
T s liu kho st a cht, t ph bin c f kp =8, hai on u
hm l fkp=6, do vy ta chn phng n thi cng hm theo phng php
khoan n, c s dng thm cc kt cu chng trong cng ngh NATM.
2.2 Bc d- vn chuyn t .
t c bc ln xe ti t bng my xc bnh lp. My xc bnh
lp cn c s dng thu dn t vn 2 bn cnh hm. t vn
c vn chuyn v ng tm ca hm. t vn mt phn lm
ct liu cho b tng, ct liu cho phun va, ct liu cho lm nn ng, lm
vt liu lc.Vt liu ny s c gia cng trong mt x nghip khai thc
gn y. d khng dng s do my xc gu nghch bc ln xe ti ra
bi thi.
Gng o chia hai bc c kch thc: - Rng : 11.90 m
- Cao : 8,72 m
S dng my bc d Haggloader 10hr kt hp vi xe ti Volvo BM- A20C.
2.3 Cng tc chng :
C rt nhiu phng php chng dnh cho hm thi cng theo phng
php NATM: chng bng b tng phun; chng bng cc neo ; chng
bng v thp.

B MN CU HM
Vi iu kin a cht tng i n nh, h s cng ln (f kp = 8),ng

thi tng tin thi cng, m rng khng gian thi cng, ta chn phng
n chng tm bng b tng phun v neo . Hai on u hm c f kp 6
ngoi vic s dng th khoan n t,s dng Btng phun n nh mt o
c th kt hp c neo nu trong qu trinh thi cng gp iu kin a cht
khng d bo trc c.
B tng phun c s dng l cng ngh phun b tng t trnh gy
bi. B tng phun c phun vo mt ngay sau khi o xong hm. Trc
lc phun cn ra sch vt liu ri trn mt nc hm.Trong qu trnh phun b
tng vi phun phi t thng gc vi b mt v phi t cch mt ti
thiu 1m gim thiu lng b tng ri vi.
2.4 Bin php b tng v hm:
b tng v hm chnh l cng tc che chn ln hai, s dng bin
php b tng thun t di ln theo th t mt cch lin tc. Theo hng
dc chiu di hm cn chia on tin hnh chiu di mi on thng l
9 -12m. V hm c b tng lin khi. S dng my bm b tng ly t
trm trn b tng lin hp pha ngoi hm nh xe chuyn dng ch b tng.
Cng tc chun b thi cng v hm phi chun b l: o c li tim
hm , mt bng nn, kim tra mt ct o, cm tuyn nh v sau dng
cp pha v cui cng l cng tc chun b b tng v vn chuyn b tng.
Do khng gian trong hm cht hp nn phn ln b tng phi c ch to
sn bn ngoi xong sau dng xe chuyn dng chuyn ch b tng n cp
cho my b tng. Sau khi xong b tng v hm cn phi bo dng
ng theo quy nh.
2.5 S b chn phng tin thi cng c gii.
2.5.1 My khoan: S dng my khoan BOMER 352, 2 cn khoan.
2.5.2 Thuc n: Dng thuc n loi Amonit N o 6 B .
2.5.3 Kh ti ho c.
2.5.3.1 Kp n : S dng kp in loi s 8 n tc thi, kp vi sai
EDKZ 1,2, vi gi chm tng ng l 25,50, s.

B MN CU HM
2.5.3.2 My im ho: S dng my im ho BMA 50/100.

S lng kp u song song : 50 kp
S lng kp u ni tip : 100 kp.
2.5.4 Phng tin b tng: S dng my bm v phun BT chuyn
dng.
PHNG N II
HAI HM N SONG SONG
Trong phng n ny vi s b chn chiu di hm 1400m, nn em

kin ngh thit k hai hm n chy song song nhau.
I - THIT K TUYN HM.
1.1 Nhng yu t hnh hc ca tuyn hm:
1.1.1. im u tuyn:
+ L trnh: Km: 0+00

+ Cao t nhin: 67.01m.
+ Cao thit k: 67.00m
1.1.2. im cui tuyn:
+L trnh: Km 2+440.
+Cao t nhin: 63.45m.
+Cao thit k: 63.56m
Bnh din tuyn thit k:
Tuyn c thit k l t hp cc on ng thng c ni vi

nhau bng 2 ng cong c chiu di ton tuyn l: 2440 m. Mc ch ca

B MN CU HM
vic thit k ng cong chuyn tip l lm gim lc ly tm khi phng tin

giao thng chuyn t ng thng vo ng cong trn.
Tuyn c thit k vi 2 ln xe l i b hai bn mi bn rng
1.0m. Trn tuyn phi i qua ni cao nn ta b tr hm xuyn ni t
Km0+500 n Km1+760. Hm c thit k l hai hm n mi hm c hai
ln xe chy, c b tr l cho ngi i b v l cng v.
V tr v yu t hnh hc ca cc ng cong:
Mc ch ca vic thit k ng cong chuyn tip l lm gim lc ly tm

khi phng tin giao thng chuyn t ng thng vo ng cong trn.
1.2 Bnh din hm.
Bnh din hm c xt t Km0+220 n Km1+620 trn tuyn:
Tuyn gm hai hm chy song song vi nhau cch nhau 32m. Mi hm
c thit k cho hai ln xe chy cng chiu. Hai hm c ni vi nhau
thng qua cc hm ngang, cc hm ngang cch nhau 300m.
Hai hm c thit k trn ng thng v c ni vi ng ngoi
bng cc ng cong.
+ Bnh din ng hm dn ca pha ty: c ly ra trc ca hm mt

on 100m. on ny nm trn ng thng ca tuyn hm ni vi ng
cong chuyn tip bn knh 800 m, vi cc thng s k thut nh sau:
Chiu di on chuyn tip l = 70 m

Chiu di cung trn KT0 = 113,53 m
Bn knh ng cong R2 =800 m
dc siu cao 6 %
B MN CU HM
+ Bnh din ng dn ca pha ng: ng dn vo ca nm trn ng

cong chuyn tip R=250 m
Chiu di cung trn KT0 = 399.1m
+ Cc thng s k thut:
Hm tri (theo hng t ty vo ng): Hm c thit k cho
hai ln xe chy cng chiu c chiu rng mt ng 7m, b tr gii phn
cch mm, bn tri hm b tr l cho ngi i b rng 1.0m, bn phi b tr
l cng v rng 0.5m phc v cho cng tc duy tu sa cha hm khi gp
s c.
Hm phi: Hm c thit k cho hai ln xe chy cng chiu c
chiu rng mt ng 7m, b tr gii phn cch mm, hai bn hm b tr 1l
cng v rng 0.5m phc v cho cng tc duy tu sa cha hm khi gp s
c. bn phi hm b tr l cho ngi i b rng 1.0m
B tr hm ngang: Hm ngang c b tr ni hai hm chnh vi
nhau nhm mc ch d phng khi mt trong hai hm gp s c th cc
phng tin ang lu thng trn hm s chuyn sang hm bn cnh v di
chuyn ra ngoi. Cc hm ngang c b tr cch nhau 300m theo chiu dc
ng hm chnh v c tit din khng thay i. Hm ngang c b tr trn
ng thng vi tit din cho hai ln xe chy. thun li cho vic di
chuyn t hm chnh vo hm ngang v ngc li th hai on u hm
ngang c m rng ra hai bn theo ng cong trn c bn knh 3m.
Vi chiu di hm chnh l 1260m, nn ta b tr 3 hm ngang

B MN CU HM
Bng tng hp v tr cc hm ngang:

TT V tr Chiu di Ghi ch
1 Km0+620 20.07 Cch ca Ty 400m
2 Km0+920 20.07 Cch ca Ty 720m
3 Km1+220 20.07 Cch ca ng 400m
V tr cc ca hm:
V tr ca hm c la chn lng o bt l t nht do vic tng
chiu su ng o trc ca hm s lm tng gi thnh ca ca hm, bt
dc ca hm v gia c chng. iu ny gy kh khn cho cng tc c gii
ho o bt ca hm. Hin nay cng tc o bt ang c xem xt c
th trnh c st trt do nh hng ca kh hu nhm m bo giao thng
c an ton. Tuy vy nu ta t ca hm sm qu th cng lm tng gi
thnh ca hm. Do vy v tr t ca hm tt nht l hai gi thnh ny xp x
nhau.
trc ca hm khng c vt qu 12-15m. Trong cng c th bt ti
20-25m. Tuy nhin ngi ta thng ly nhng tr s nh hn m bo an
ton v n gin trong thi cng. Do vy ta chn v tr t ca hm nh sau:
- Ca hm pha Ty: Km: 0+220, cao t nhin: 83.81m
Cao thit k: 66.80m
- Ca hm pha ng: Km: 1+620, cao t nhin: 78.34m
Cao thit k: 61.65m
-Chnh cao gia hai ca hm 5,47m .
Hm c thit k theo 2 hng dc v c ni vi nhau bng
on ng cong li c bn knh 2500m. Chiu di mi nhnh:
Nhnh hm pha Ty di: 700m
Nhnh hm pha ng di: 700m
B MN CU HM
1.3 - Trc dc tuyn hm.
1.3.1. ng dn vo hm :
+ ng dn vo ca hm pha Ty:
L on tuyn nm trn on ng cong chuyn tip vo ng thng

ca hm di 220 m c dc 1,25% theo hng vo trong hm, l on nn
va o va p.
+ ng dn vo ca hm ng:
ng vo hm chnh c chiu di 820 m, dc l 1.5% theo dc

ca hm, l loi nn va o va p.
1.3.2. Trc dc trong hm chnh:
ng hm pha ca Ty:
Chiu di hm: 700 m.

Loi hnh: Nn o
dc dc: 1%.
Hng dc: Dc v pha ca hm.
ng hm pha ca ng:
Chiu di: 700 m

Loi hnh: nn o.
dc dc: 1.7%
Hng dc: dc v pha ca hm.
Trc dc trong hm: Hm dc v hai pha ca ca hm, on chuyn
tip gia hai hng dc dc trong hm l mt ng cong ng bn knh
R=2500m c chiu di m.

B MN CU HM
dc mi on: on 1 xut pht t ca pha Ty c chiu di 700 m

v c dc l 1.0%. on 2 chuyn tip t on 1 v pha ca hm pha
Nam c dc 1.7% v di 700 m.
Trc dc cc hm ngang: Cc hm ngang c thit k vi 2 hng dc v

dc v pha hm phi vi dc 2 %.
II KCH THC HNH HC CA NG TRONG HM:
2.1. Kh gii hn trong hm.

2.1.1. Kh gii hn tip gip kin trc trong hm.
nh ngha: Kh gii hn tip gip kin trc l mt a gic khp kn,
nm trn mt phng vung gc vi tim ng to thnh khong khng ti
thiu dnh cho giao thng, mi chi tit kt cu cc cng trnh trn ng u
phi nm bn ngoi ng bao gii hn ny.
T iu kin ca u bi hm khng c l ngi i b do cc thng
s ca kh gii hn nh sau:
+Hm tri:
L i b rng 1.0m

B MN CU HM
0.50 8.10 0.50
Tim ng
Tim hm
0.50
5.00
4.00
4.00
2.50
0.25
0.40
1.00 0.55 7.00 0.55 0.50
Hnh v: Kh gii hn hm tri

+Hm phi:
0.50 8.10 0.50

Tim ng
Tim hm
1.00
5.00
4.00
2.50
0.25
0.40
0.50 0.55 7.00 0.55 1.50
Hnh v: Kh gii hn hm phi
2.1.2. Tnh khng trong hm:

Ngoi vic tun th qui nh ca kh gii hn tip gip kin trc, kch
thc bn trong ng hm cn phi duy tr nhng khong khng gian

B MN CU HM
thong cn thit nhm tho mn nhng yu cu trong thi cng v trong khai
thc sau y:
- ch b tr cc thit b phc v khai thc: thit b thng tin, tn hiu,
cp in, chiu sng v thng gi.
- m bo yu cu trong thi cng d s dng nhng loi vn khun
nh hnh v khc phc bin dng theo thi gian ca a tng v
ca kt cu v hm
Do vy gia kh gii hn kin trc v mt trong ca v hm c mt
khong h theo qui nh, trong n ny em kin ngh cc im gi hn
tnh khng trong hm nh sau:
- im O cch cnh trn ca kh gii hn t 670-770mm, chn:
O 750mm
- im A cch gc thp ca kh gii hn 150mm tnh theo phng vung

gc vi cnh cho ca kh gii hn, c:
A 150mm
- im I v I nm 2 bn tng hm, i vi hm ng b:
Cao : cch mt l ngi i b, l cng v 1250mm
Cch ng gii hn: c 500mm
Ta c cc im gii hn tnh khng trong hm nh sau:
0.25
0.25
O O
0.75
0.75
A A
Tim ng
Tim ng
Tim hm
Tim hm
o1 o2 o1' o1' o2 o1
c' c c c'
0.50
1.25
1.25
0.50
0.50
1.25
1.25
0.50
8.10 8.10
0.40
0.40
B B

B MN CU HM
Hnh v: Tnh khng hm tri-----hm phi
2.2. Cch dng khun hm.

Trong phng n thit k ny ta s dng hm i 4ln xe, do em kin
ngh chn khun hm dng ng cong 3 tm, cch dng nh sau:
- K ng thng I I.
- Xc nh ng tim hm, l ng thng ng i qua trung im ca
ng thng I I.
- Ly im A lm tm v cung trn bn knh R 1=B-1000 =7100mm,
cung trn ny ct ng thng I I ti im O1.
- Ly O1 lm tm v cung trn bn knh R 1, ta c cung trn AB, trong
B l im c cao ngang vi cao mt ng xe chy.
- Ly O1 l im i xng ca O 1 qua ng tim hm. Tng t ta v
c cung trn AB i xng vi AB qua ng tim hm.
- Ly O2 (l giao im ca AO1 vi tim hm) lm tm v cung trn bn
knh R2= O2A ta c cung trn ni 2 im AA .
Cui cng ta dng c ng khun hm l ng cong 3 tm O1, O1, O2
0.25
O
0.75
A
Tim ng
Tim hm
o1 o2 o1'
c' c
1.25
0.50 0.50
1.25
8.10
0.40
Hnh v:Khun hm cho hm tri

B MN CU HM
0.25
0.75
A
Tim n g
Tim h m
o1' o2 o1
c c'
1.25
0.50
1.25
0.50
8.10
0.40
B
Hnh v:Khun hm cho hm phi
III - KT CU V HM.
ng hm thi cng theo cng ngh NATM, hang o c chng
bng btng phun v neo, v hm bng btng ti ch. Dc theo chiu
di hm, v hm c thit k theo mt s dng ph hp vi tng loi cu
to a cht phn tch trong chng 3 ca phn I trn.
Kt cu v hm c la chn phi tha mn cc iu kin sau:
+ Kch thc s dng hp l
+ Din tch mt ct ngang nh nht
+ Bo m kh nng chu lc v n nh
+ Thot nc, chiu sng, thng gi thun li
+ Thi cng d dng, s dng c gii ha thi cng thun tin
Phng n I tuyn hm i qua 3 loi a cht khc nhau nn ta c 3 loi
kt cu v hm tng ng vi mi loi a cht.
3.1. Btng phun (Shotcrete):

Btng phun l mt loi kt cu chng kiu mi, cng l mt loi
cng ngh mi. Ngi ta s dng my phun btng theo mt trnh t hn
hp nht nh, dng btng nh trn thm cht ninh kt nhanh phun vo

B MN CU HM
b mt vch , s nhanh chng c kt thnh mt tng kt cu chng gi, do

m pht huy tc dng bo v i vi vi nham. Cng ngh phun btng
gm 3 loi: Phun kh, phun t, phun hn hp. Trong n em la chn
cng ngh phun t.
Cng ngh phun t: l em ct liu, ximng v nc theo t l thit
k trn u, dng my phun t a btng n u phun, ti gia thm
cht ninh kt nhanh v phun ra, dy chuyn cng ngh.
Cht lng btng phun t d khng ch, bi bm v lng n hi
trong qu trnh phun rt t.
Chiu dy lp btng phun t 5-10cm. Trong trng hp a cht xu
th chiu dy btng phun c th ln n 20cm.
Thnh phn hn hp btng phun bao gm: Xi mng, nc, ct,
dm, ph gia.
Thnh phn hn hp btng phun phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:
+ Xi mng u tin s dng cc ximng silicat ph thng, th n l
ximng silicat ni la mc 425 tr ln. Khi c yu cu s dng c bit th
s dng cc loi ximng c chng nhm m bo thi gian ninh kt ca
btng phun v tnh ho hp tt ca cht ninh kt nhanh.
+ Ct: s dng ct ht va c ng knh ht nh c mn ln hn
2,5; c ng knh 0-8mm, m bo cng ca btng phun v gim
thiu lng bi khi thi cng, cng gim thiu vt nt do co ngt khi ho
cng.
+ dm la chn dm c ng knh ht nh khng ln hn
15mm. Nhm ngn nga vic tc ng v gim thiu lng n hi trong qu
trnh phun btng.
+ Nc: dng nc sch

B MN CU HM
T l N/X khng ch khong 0,47-0,48 m bo st l 20cm, t l

mt mt ca va t di 20%.
Cht ninh
Ct liu mn
kt nhanh
Ct liu th
Xi mng My trn My phun Vi phun

t
N c
Ph gia Khnn
Hnh : Dy chuyn cng ngh phun t.

ca neo.
Thng neo chn chiu di trong khong t 2,5-3,0m i khi c th ln n
4,0 m
- Loi neo chn loi neo EXL Swellex ,SN,c ng knh lm vic d =
41mm, chiu dy v thp l 2mm, chiu di 3m,
- Thn neo l v thp mng .
- Ban u khi cha bm nc c ng knh l D , sau khi bm nc c
ng knh l D>D. Thn neo n ra p cht vo thnh l khoan .
- Mi thanh neo c chiu di khong 2->3m. c dng trong trng hp
t trung bnh c cha nc khng s dng c va xi mng.

B MN CU HM
D D'
Ban u chua bm nu c Sau khi bm nu c

200x200x10
B?n d?m
10 4000
?u neo
100
Bulng
A-A
50
30
3.3. Cc dng kt cu v hm ca hm chnh.

Kt cu v hm c la chn phi tho mn cc iu kin sau:
Kch thc s dng hp l.
Din tch mt ct ngang nh nht.
Bo m kh nng chu lc v n nh.
Thot nc, chiu sang, thng gi thun li.
B MN CU HM
Thi cng d dng, s dng c gii ho thi cng thun tin.

Phng n 1 c 2 dng kt cu v hm ng vi 2 loi a cht:
i vi t c fkp=8, t c kh nng n nh cao c kkh nng t
ng vng vi khong cch khng chng 10m trong vng 1nm do vy
ta khng b tr neo gia c trong a cht ny. Tnh ton ly chiu dy lp v
btng vnh cu l 30cm, chiu dy lp btng phun ly 5cm, Gia hai lp
btng phun b tr lp chng thm dy 0.5cm trn ton mt ct v hm .
O O
Tim ng
Tim n g
Tim h m
Tim hm
o2 o2
c' c c c'
o1 o1' o1' o1
2% 2% 2% 2%
2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
1% 1% 1% 1%
1.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7%
Hnh v: Kt cu v hm vi fkp=8 hm tri- hm phi

i vi t c fkp=6, t tng i tt do trong ong a cht ny
su t hm khng ln di 30m nn ta chn chiu dy btng vnh cu
40cm, chiu dy lp btng phun ly 8cm, Gia hai lp btng phun b tr
lp chng thm dy 0,5cm trn ton mt ct v hm. Chn neo sewlex, di
2,5m khon cch gia cc neo theo chiu dc v ngang l 1.0m,.Khi thi cng
gp iu kin kh khn thi dng neo va b tng phun kt hp.

B MN CU HM
O O
Tim ng
Tim ng
Tim hm
Tim hm
o2 o2
c' c c c'
o1 o1' o1' o1
2% 2% 2% 2%
2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
1% 1% 1% 1%
1.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7%
Hnh v: Kt cu v hm vi fkp=6
IV - KT CU MT NG XE CHY V NG B HNH :
Hnh thc b tr mt xe chy trong hm:
Mt ng trong hm ta s dng mt Btng ximng, c dc v hai
pha vi dc 2%.
Cu to cc lp mt ng: y l tuyn ng quan trng cho vic pht
trin kinh t sau ny nn c lu lng xe ln v c y cc thnh phn xe
tham gia vi cc xe c ti trng ln. Vi nh hng nh vy nn vic sa
cha lc s rt kh khn do vy ta chn thit k o ng cng, c th:
- Lp 1 : Mt ng ximng Portland M400 dy 240mm
- Lp 2 : Lp cp phi nn ng dy ti thiu 200mm. S b chn

chiu dy lp ny l 250mm
- Cc chi tit nh ng cp in, ng cp nc phng ho c b tr pha
di l ngi i b.
- Cc ng thot nc hng, ng thot nc ngang, ng thot nc dc c
kch thc nh trn hnh v.
Ta c cu to ca mt ng trong hm nh sau:
B MN CU HM
C? U T? O M? T U? NG TRONG H? M
Tim ng
Tim hm
2% 2%
2% 2% 2% 2%
1%
1%
1.7% 1.7%
Hnh v: Kt cu mt ng xe chy
V PHNG NC V THOT NC TRONG HM.

Nc khng ch l mt trong nhng nhn t nh hng n thi cng bnh
thng ca ng hm m cn l mt trong nhng nhn t quan trng nh
hng n qu trnh vn doanh bnh thng ca ng hm
Trong thi gian thi cng, tc dng ca nc ngm khng ch h thp
n nh vi nham lm cho vic o gp kh khn, lm tng kh khn v
tn km cho vic chng . Ngoi ra, nu x l nc ngm khng tha ng
th c th to mi nguy hi cng ln nh mc nc ngm, mc nc trn
mt b h thp, mi trng nc b thay i nh hng sn xut nng
nghip
Trong thi k vn doanh, mc nc ngm t cc khe thi cng b tng
v hm, khe bin dng (khe co dui v khe ln), vt nt v mt s ng
thng khc chui vo hm. Cc thit b thng tin, cung cp in, chiu sng
do b m t, b g, b n mn v h hng nh hng n an ton trong
qu trnh khai thc.

B MN CU HM
trnh v gim thiu mi nguy hi ca nc nguyn tc tng hp

thy tr sau y c tng kt Ngn, bt, thot cng kt hp v ly vic
c v hm lm bin php c bn phong nc.
5.1. Cu to lp chng thm v hm:
Khi vi nham c din tch khe h ngn nc ln v lng nc cng
nh p lc khng ln lm, c th phun b tng che chng ln u sau khi thi
cng xong, trc lc thi cng che chn ln hai, cn ph mt tm cht do bt
nc vo. Tm phng nc bng tm cht do l mt loi k thut phng
nc mi c p dng n c tnh phng nc tt, tnh nng chng mc nt
tt.
Khi lt v c nh tm khng nn cng qu cht, cn li mt mc
lng nht nh khi b tng v tm cht do c th bt cc ch li lm
v dn cht khng pht sinh ko cng qua mc hoc b ph hoi.
5.2. Bin php thot nc:
Thng thng kt cu thot nc c: rnh ngm, h thot nc, rnh
thot nc. Thot nc thi cng bao gm hai b phn l: Thot nc trong
hm v thot nc ngoi hm.
Thot nc ngoi hm ch yu l chng l v b tr thot nc phng
ma ma l nc chy vo trong ming hm.
Thot nc trong hm c t ngun nc ngm v nc dng cho thi
cng. Phng php thot nc trong hm da vo tnh hnh dc tuyn
ng v c chia ra lm hai loi:
+ Thot nc theo dc: dc thit k khng nh hn 0,5%
hng ra ming hm, bn cnh hm o mt rnh dc thot
nc. nc c th thun theo rnh dc chy ra ming hm. Khi
li dng ho dn song dong thot nc th nn thp hn y

B MN CU HM
hm 0,2m-0,6m, cho cc ng thng ngang cng c c

mt dc li cho thot nc.
+ Thot nc ngc dc: phi dc vo hm, nc s tp trung
vo mt o nn phi dng my bm thot nc.
Bin php thot nc m em s dng y l thot nc theo dc.
Thot nc mt trong hm em s dng hai rnh ngm hai bn mp
ng thu nc mt trong hm cch nhau khong 100m lm mt h thu
nc. nc trong rnh s c ni vi ng thot nc dc theo hm v a
ra ngoi hm.
5.3. Cu to rnh thot nc.
B tr kt cu thot nc cn kt hp thi cng v b tng. Qa trnh
thot nc nh sau: nc t trong cc khe nt ca vi nham tin vo rnh
ngm sau lng v hm, l thot nc nm sau di rnh ngm (l thot
nc xuyn qua b phn di tng bn ca v) nc thot ra t l ri i
vo rnh dc trong ng hm v qua rnh dc thot ra ngoi.
5.3.1 Rnh ngm:
Tc dng ca rnh ngm l to ng thng nc gia v hm v vi
nham lm cho nc tp trung vo l thot nc. Rnh ngm ch yu dng
dn dng nc thm cc b vo ch tp trung. Hin nay thng dng
nht l loi rnh ngm mm c ch to trong cc x nghip.
y rnh ngm em s dng rnh ngm mm c s dng vt liu lc
5.3.2 L thot nc:
L thot nc c b tr chn tng ca v hm, l s a nc
vo rnh ngm trc tip thot nc vo rnh dc ca ng hm. Thi cng
l thot nc khi dng cp pha ng hm cn lp ngay ng thot nc v
c bit cn thn ng cui ni thng vi rnh ngm, u ngoi xuyn qua

B MN CU HM
cp pha. Hoc c th thi cng sau khi thi cng xong v hm xc nh v

tr thot nc v sau dng khoan khoan l thot nc.
5.3.4 Rnh thot nc:
Rnh thot nc tip nhn nc t l thot a li v thot ra ngoi
hm.
Rnh thot nc dc ng hm c 3 hnh thc: mt bn, 2 bn v
gia lng . Rnh c xc nh theo cc nhn t: dc tuyn ng, hnh
thc mt ng, lng nc ln hay nh. Thi cng rnh thot nc, thng
thng ng thi phi b tng c vm y hoc vm y, m bo
tnh ton khi ca rnh phng nc thm xung di nh hng n nn
VI - THIT K CA HM.
V tr ca hm.
V tr ca hm c xc nh t nhng thng s v kt cu v kinh t
c xt n nhng iu kin c th ca khu vc t ca.
Vic tng chiu su ng o trc ca hm s lm tng gi thnh
ca ca hm, bt dc ca hm v gia c chng. Bt dc nh hm cao cng
thng ph hoi s n nh ca phn gn ca v i hi tin hnh khi
lng kh ln cng tc t trn cao. iu lm xu iu kin c gii
ho cng tc ny.
Ngoi ra, chiu su ng o li b hn ch bi chnh tnh cht ca
m ng o xy dng trong chng. Trong iu kin bt li vic to nn
ng do su thng lin quan n cc hin tng trt v st l. Xt v
mt m bo thng xe an ton th l nhng nhn t bt li.
trc ca khng vt qu 12-15m. trong cng c th t ti 20-25m. Tuy
nhin ngi ta thng ly nhng tr s nh hn nhiu. iu c gii
thch l khi mi dc trc ca ln th vic gim bt chiu su ng o
B MN CU HM
trc ca s gim ng k khi lng cng tc t m chiu di hm di ra

khng ng k bao nhiu. Chiu su ti thiu ca ng o trc ca trong
cng quyt nh sao cho bn trn vng v hm u tin c lp dy
(thng 2-3m) m bo thi cng bng phng php kn vi s cng
ngh thng nht cho ton hm.
Kt cu ca hm.
Ca hm l b phn chuyn tip t ng o vo hm. Ca hm c
tc dng m bo n nh mi dc trn ca hm v ta luy ng o, m
bo thot nc t trn sn ni ra ngoi hm. Ca hm l b phn duy nht
l ra ngoi nn cn c tc dng trang tr cho cng trnh. i vi hm ni
thng vi mt t nm ngang (hm xe in ngm) bng hm nghing c b
tr cho ngi ln xung th kt cu n gin hn v khng phi lm tng
chn. chn nc ch cn lm nh bao che khu vc ca hm.
Ca hm thng gm c ca chnh, tu thuc vo a hnh khu vc
ca tng chnh vung gc hoc cho gc vi trc hm, rnh thot nc v
vng v hm u tin. Trong mt s trng hp (fkp < 2) m bo n
nh tng chnh v gim khi lng ng o, trc ca hm trn mt
on no c thm cc tng cnh c chiu cao thay i.
xy ca tin hnh o ct v chng mi dc trn hm. Tng
chnh c lin kt vi vng v u bng ct thp hoc on thp hnh. Cc
bin ca tng chnh ta trc tip ln mi dc ta luy ng o hoc ng
cnh. y tng chnh chn su vo nn v ta luy ng o 1,4- 1,8m ( c
xt n kh nng si mn v n nh ca tng chn).
Nc chy t trn mi dc trn hm xung c thu vo rnh ngang
sau tng chnh t nc chy theo rnh c dc 2% sang ta luy ng
o ri xung rnh dc nn ng ( cng c th t chc chy theo ng ).
Thnh v y ca rnh nc c xy hoc b tng trnh si mn.
B MN CU HM
ngn ri t trn mi dc nh hm khong cch t chn mi dc

n lng tng chnh khng nh hn 1,5m, lp t dy gim chn
ng do ln t trn mi dc xung.
6.1. Ca hm pha Ty:
0+220
- Kt cu ca hm: Chiu cao hm l 8.72m ca hm t trn a cht c f kp
= 6 nn:
taluy l 1:0,5
u tin.

B MN CU HM
5.25
5.62
32.00
12.00
10.50
1.5% 1.5%
4.50
2.00
2.50
0.50
8.74
13. 11
2% 2% 2% 2%
32.00

B MN CU HM
Tim ng
2% 2%
Tim ng
Tim l
Tim l
1.5% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1.5%
10.50
M?t du?ng dy 20 cm
2.00
5.25
2%
2.50
11.24
8.72
1%
5.62
2.50
6.2. Ca hm pha ng:

1+620
- Kt cu ca hm: Chiu cao hm l 8.72m ca hm t trn a cht c
fkp = 6 nn:

B MN CU HM
taluy l 1:0.5
u tin

B MN CU HM
5.50
32.00

B MN CU HM

2% 2%
Tim ng
Tim ng
Tim l
Tim l
1.5% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1.5%

B MN CU HM
11.00

11.00
M?t du?ng dy 20 cm
2.00
2%
5.50
2.50
0.50
11.24
8.74
8.74
1.5 %
5.62
VII THNG GI V CHIU SNG TRONG HM.

Thng gi l bin php lm lu thng mt lng khng kh giu mt
khong khng gian b bao kn vi mi trng bn ngoi lm cho khng gian
thong mt khng gy nh hng xu n nhng iu kin s dng.
Nhim v ca h thng thng gi:
B MN CU HM
+ Lm lu thng v thay i khng khi trong hm chng ngng

ng hi nc v lm gim khi c thot ra t cc tng nham
thch.
do cc phng tin giao thng thi ra.
+ Lc sch bi khi lm khng khi thong ng m bo tm
nhn cho cc phng tin giao thng.
Mc ch ca thng gi:
+ m bo iu kin lm vic bnh thng cho nhng ngi lm
cng tc duy tu bo dng. duy tr khng gian trong lnh d
chu cho hnh khch khi i vo trong hm v mi trng bnh
thng cho li xe.
+ m bo an ton trong khai thc chng chy n.
vi vch hang trn.
7.1. Bin php thng gi:
Cc cn c la chn bin php thng gi:
+ Da vo lu lng kh thi ca cc phng tin giao thng v
cua nham thch.
+ Da vo chiu di hm, din tch hm v s chnh lch p sut
gia hai ca hm.
+ Vn tc t nhin ca gi.
Phng n th hai c hai hm n chy song song cch nhau 32 mt:
+ Chiu di hm bn tri:1260m chiu di hm ln hn 400m nn
ngoi vic li dng thng gi t nhin bt buc phi s dng

B MN CU HM
thng gi nhn to vi bin php s dng thng gi nhn to l

s dng qut gi t ca hm, thi gi dc vo trong hm,v
ging ng.
+ Chiu di hm phi: 1260m chiu di ny ln hn 400m nn
phi s dng bin php thng gi nhn to l s dng s
thng gi dc hm,s dng ging ng.
Lu lng cp gi:
Tc gi :
Chiu di ng dn gi trong hm:
140.00 140.00
7.2. S thng gi.

S dng bin php thng gi bng ging ng,dc hm bng qut gi
c b tr qut tip sc. Qut gi c t v tr ca hm A

B MN CU HM
O O
Tim ng
Tim ng
Tim hm
Tim hm
o2 o2
c' c c c'
o1 o1' o1' o1
2% 2% 2% 2%
2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
1% 1% 1% 1%
1.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7%
7.3. Thit b qut gi:

Thit b qut gi c la chn khi tnh ton c lu lng khng
kh sch cn cung cp cho ng hm.
Q.H
N = k . 102.
1
Trong :
L
v 2 . ( )
H p sut gi = 4R
2

- h s nhm.
dng ng

B MN CU HM
7.4. Bin php chiu sng v b tr chiu sng:

Chiu sng trong qu trnh thi cng: V ng hm di nn khi thi
cng phi s dng nh sng nhn to. Chiu sng tt s m bo an ton,
gim nh sc lao ng, k thut thi cng chnh xc v tng nng sut lao
ng ln 15 20%.
- Chiu sng chung s dng n treo RN - 100, cng sut 100 W,
s dng ngun in h th 127V. cao n h = 5m, khong cch bng l =
30m.
- Chiu sng c nhn, th thi cng v cn b k thut s dng
n m v n xch tay c quy 5.5 V.
Chiu sng trong qu trnh khai thc: s dng h thng cc n cao p
c lp t hai bn vch hm
VIII - BIN PHP THI CNG CH O.
1. Khi tin hnh thit k v t chc phi tun theo nhng quy tc sau:
cng.
trong nh my.
- H gi thnh.
2. Chn phng n thi cng.
2.6 Cng tc o hm chnh:

B MN CU HM
Vic o hm chnh s c tin hnh bng phng php NATM v vic

khoan n cc loi ch yu thc hin theo phng php chia bc.Khoan va
n bc trn xong sau thi cng bc di .Vic khoan thng c thc
hin bng mt s my khoan thu lc ba cng Jumbo bnh lp. Ngoi ra
phi ht sc ch gim thiu din tch o qu mc, ch quan st cc
iu kin i cht v phn tch cc s liu thu c bng thit b o c. Cc
tng ri v khng n nh s c loi b bng my ph v my o
gu nghch trnh cho khi ri xung nguy him. Cc iu kin t gi
vm thp s c my o gu nghch chun b bo m v tr khng b o
qu mc.
T s liu kho st a cht, t ph bin c f kp =8, hai on u
hm l fkp=6, do vy ta chn phng n thi cng hm theo phng php
khoan n, c s dng thm cc kt cu chng trong cng ngh NATM.
2.7 Bc d- vn chuyn t .
t c bc ln xe ti t bng my xc bnh lp. My xc bnh
lp cn c s dng thu dn t vn 2 bn cnh hm. t vn
c vn chuyn v ng tm ca hm. t vn mt phn lm
ct liu cho b tng, ct liu cho phun va, ct liu cho lm nn ng, lm
vt liu lc.Vt liu ny s c gia cng trong mt x nghip khai thc
gn y. d khng dng s do my xc gu nghch bc ln xe ti ra
bi thi.
Gng o chia hai bc c kch thc: - Rng : 11.90 m
- Cao : 8,72 m
S dng my bc d Haggloader 10hr kt hp vi xe ti Volvo BM- A20C.
2.8 Cng tc chng :
C rt nhiu phng php chng dnh cho hm thi cng theo phng
php NATM: chng bng b tng phun; chng bng cc neo ; chng
bng v thp.

B MN CU HM
Vi iu kin a cht tng i n nh, h s cng ln (f kp = 8),ng

thi tng tin thi cng, m rng khng gian thi cng, ta chn phng
n chng tm bng b tng phun v neo . Hai on u hm c f kp 6
ngoi vic s dng th khoan n t,s dng Btng phun n nh mt o
c th kt hp c neo nu trong qu trinh thi cng gp iu kin a cht
khng d bo trc c.
B tng phun c s dng l cng ngh phun b tng t trnh gy
bi. B tng phun c phun vo mt ngay sau khi o xong hm. Trc
lc phun cn ra sch vt liu ri trn mt nc hm.Trong qu trnh phun b
tng vi phun phi t thng gc vi b mt v phi t cch mt ti
thiu 1m gim thiu lng b tng ri vi.
2.9 Bin php b tng v hm:
b tng v hm chnh l cng tc che chn ln hai, s dng bin
php b tng thun t di ln theo th t mt cch lin tc. Theo hng
dc chiu di hm cn chia on tin hnh chiu di mi on thng l
9 -12m. V hm c b tng lin khi. S dng my bm b tng ly t
trm trn b tng lin hp pha ngoi hm nh xe chuyn dng ch b tng.
Cng tc chun b thi cng v hm phi chun b l: o c li tim
hm , mt bng nn, kim tra mt ct o, cm tuyn nh v sau dng
cp pha v cui cng l cng tc chun b b tng v vn chuyn b tng.
Do khng gian trong hm cht hp nn phn ln b tng phi c ch to
sn bn ngoi xong sau dng xe chuyn dng chuyn ch b tng n cp
cho my b tng. Sau khi xong b tng v hm cn phi bo dng
ng theo quy nh.
2.10 S b chn phng tin thi cng c gii.
2.10.1 My khoan: S dng my khoan BOMER 352, 2 cn khoan.
2.10.2Thuc n: Dng thuc n loi Amonit N o 6 B .
2.10.3Kh ti ho c.
2.10.3.1 Kp n : S dng kp in loi s 8 n tc thi, kp vi sai
EDKZ 1,2, vi gi chm tng ng l 25,50, s.

B MN CU HM
2.10.3.2 My im ho: S dng my im ho BMA 50/100.

S lng kp u song song : 50 kp
S lng kp u ni tip : 100 kp.
Phng tin b tng: S dng my bm v phun BT chuyn
SO SNH NH GI HAI PHNG N V KIN NGH
PHNG N LM THIT K K THUT
1. Phng n 1: phng n s dng 2 hm n song song
Chiu di ton tuyn thit k l 3000 m v c chiu di hm l 1260
m. Trn tuyn chiu di ng dn l 1740 m.
1.1 u im:
+ Do hai hm c b tr cch nhau 32 m nn tr s p lc a tng xc
nh ty thuc vo nhp ca tng hang ring r do vy p lc a tng
gim i mt na so vi kt cu hm i v do vy v chng tm s
gim i mt na
+ Phng n ny l hai hm n, trong qu trnh khai thc rt an ton v
cng tc thng gi l khng phc tp. Hai hm n trnh c c
tuyn. iu ny l rt tt trong qu trnh khai thc cn phi nng cp,
sa cha.
1.2 Nhc im:
+ Chiu di hm l ln hn do phi c hai hm.
+ dc thit k ln hn tuyn hm i v vic b tr ca hm cng l
mt vn kh phc tp.
+ Chi ph xy dng hai hm n l ln hn hm i thng tng
khong 30%. Vic thng gi nhn to trong qu trnh khai thc s kh
khn hn do sc cn khng kh tng, khi bn knh thy lc gim v
cng gim kh nng c gii ha trong thi cng do tit din nh

B MN CU HM
+ Phng n tuyn i s gp kh khn trong cng tc thit k do s

phc tp khi b tr ca vo hm, tim hai hm phi cch nhau xa
trnh hin tng nh hng ng sut trong t khi thi cng.
2. Phng n 2: phng n s dng hai hm n

Chiu di ton tuyn thit k l 2440 m v c chiu di hm l 1400
m. Trn tuyn chiu di ng dn l 1040 m.
2.1 u im:
+ Do hai hm c b tr cch nhau 32 m nn tr s p lc a tng xc
nh ty thuc vo nhp ca tng hang ring r do vy p lc a tng
gim i mt na so vi kt cu hm i v do vy v chng tm s
gim i mt na
+ Phng n ny l hai hm n, trong qu trnh khai thc rt an ton v
cng tc thng gi l khng phc tp. Hai hm n trnh c c
tuyn. iu ny l rt tt trong qu trnh khai thc cn phi nng cp,
sa cha.
2.2 Nhc im:

+ Chiu di hm l ln hn so vi phng n 1,do lam 2 hm song song
nn chiu di hm ny s ln hn gp 2 ln
+ dc thit k ln hn tuyn hm i v vic b tr ca hm cng l
mt vn kh phc tp.
+ Chi ph xy dng hai hm n l ln hn hm i thng tng
khong 30%. Vic thng gi nhn to trong qu trnh khai thc s kh

B MN CU HM
khn hn do sc cn khng kh tng, khi bn knh thy lc gim v

cng gim kh nng c gii ha trong thi cng do tit din nh
+ Phng n tuyn i s gp kh khn trong cng tc thit k do s
phc tp khi b tr ca vo hm, tim hai hm phi cch nhau xa
trnh hin tng nh hng ng sut trong t khi thi cng.
3. So snh nh gi v kin ngh phng n thit k k thut:
Qua so snh u nhc im ca hai phng n ta thy phng n 1 c
nhng u im hn phng n 2.Vi chiu di hm ngn nn em la chn
phng n thit k k thut l phng n 2 hm n song song, mi hm
2 ln xe.
PHN III THIT K K THUT
CHNG I TNH TON KT CU
I. TNH TON KT CU V HM CHO LP A CHT TH

NHT (fkp = 6).
1. CC D LIU TNH TON.

1.1 Tnh ton im s RMR ca khi :
Theo Bng tng hp tnh im s RMR khi xc nh im s
RMR theo bng sau:
bn ca khi cn
1 50-100 7
nguyn trng
Ch tiu cht lng
2 50-75 13
RQD
3 0.2-0.6 10
nt
B MN CU HM
4 Chiu di ca cc khe nt 3-10mm 2

5 m rng khe nt(mm) <0.1 5
6 Tnh nhm ca khe nt Hi nhm 3
Vt liu cng
<5mm
8 Mc phong ha Phong ha nh 5
9 Tnh trng nc ngm m t 10
Tng im RMR 59
Theo im s RMR ca l 59 nm trong khong 41 60, nn cho l

loi trung bnh. Da vo ch s RMR ca ta c th xc nh c mt
s ch tiu c l ca nh :
- Cng lc dnh kt c =0,3Mpa
- p lc tc dng ln kt cu chng ng hang:
(100 RMR
Pa = .B
100
- Gc ni ma st =300
- M uyn n hi E:
+ vi E ban u >50GPa EM = 2RMR 100
RMR 10
+ Vi E ban u 50GPa EM = 10 40
E=16788 Mpa
ng thi, da vo RMR c th xc nh s b p lc nn ln kt cu chn
n hang Pa
1.2 Xc nh d liu tnh ton:

B MN CU HM
Chiu di t hm: H = 53.28m

Lp 1 h1=2m
Lp 2 h2 = 51.82m
Din tch tit din hang o: Ao=79.207 m2
Trng lng th tch:
Lp 1 =18kN/m3
Lp 2 =26kN/m3
Gc ni ma st: = 30o
Cng lc dnh : C= 0.30 MPa
H s n hng : = 0.35
H s p lc ngang: x y . z

0.538
1
Muyn n hi, xc nh da vo RMR, vi RMR =59

muy n hi c xc n theo cng thc sau:
RMR 10 59 10
E 10 40
10 40
16.788 GPa =16788Mpa
Nhng i lng lng gic: sin sin30o= 0.5

cos cos 30o=0,866
cot cotg30o=1,732
i sang rad: 0,524rad
2. XY DNG NG CONG P NG P LC- BIN DNG VCH

HANG
2.1 Tnh ton b tr:
Bn knh hang o qui i:

B MN CU HM
A0 79.207
R0 Rqd 5.022 m
3,14
2.2 Xc nh p lc hng tm ln nht:

Ta bit rng, p lc hng tm ti bin hang o chnh l p lc hng tm
tc dng ln kt cu chng.
- Khi vch hang trn, p lc l nh nht: p a 0. Trng hp
ny, bn knh vng bin dng do l ln nht.
- Khi cng ca kt cu ln, khng lm xut hin vng do, ngay
sau vch hang l vng n hi, khi p lc hng tm tc dng
ln kt cu chng l ln nht, c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
p a max z 1 sin c. cos
Trong :
z Thnh phn ng sut thng ng ca t ti chiu su H
z i .H i 18 2+26x52.82 = 1383.32KN/m2 = 1.383 Mpa
Ta c:
pa max 1,383 1 0,5 0,3 0,866 0,432 Mpa
Nh vy, p lc hng tm ti bin hang o s bin thin trong khong:

pa 0 0,432 Mpa
2.3 Xc nh bn knh vng do
Cng thc tnh:
1
2 z 1 q u 1
R P R0 (1)
1 p a 1 q u
Trong :
H s tnh theo cng thc:
1 sin 1 0,5
3
1 sin 1 0,5
qu Cng nn n trc ca khi

B MN CU HM
2.C . cos 2.0,3.0,866

qu 1.0392 MPa
1 sin 1 0,5
pa p lc hng tm ti vch hang.
tnh bn knh vng do ln nht, ta xt trng hp khng c kt
cu chng vch hang, Pa = 0
Ta c: 1
2 1.383.32 x 3 1 1.0392
31
RP RP max 5, 022
1 3 0 1.0392
R P max = 6.796 m
Vi mi cp p lc nm trong khong P a trn, ta xc nh c gi
tr bn knh vng bin dng do tng ng theo cng thc (1). ng thi, ta
xc nh bn knh Rt m ti t z theo cng thc sau:
1 sin
1 2 sin
Rt R P
1 sin
Tng hp kt qu tnh ton ta c bng sau:
pa 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.43

2
Rp 5.10 5.02
6.796 6.224 5.775 5.411 9 2
R0/Rp 0.98 1.00
0.739 0.807 0.870 0.928 3 0
Rt 4.17 4.10
5.549 5.082 4.715 4.418 1 1
2.4 Tnh ton ng sut trong nn theo trng thi n hi do

a) Trong phm vi bn knh t R0 Rpmax nn xung quanh hang o
trng thi do, ng sut hng tm rp v ng sut tip tuyn p c
xc nh theo cng thc:
2 sin
R 1 sin
rp p a c. cot P c. cot
R0

B MN CU HM
2 sin
1 sin RP 1 sin
rp p a c. cot c. cot
1 sin R0
b) i vi vng nm ngoi bn knh Rp, nn trng thi n hi, ng

sut hng tm rp v ng sut tip tuyn p c xc nh theo cng
thc:
R2 R2
re z 1 2P rpRmax 2P
r r
RP2 RP2
e z 1 2 Rmax
rp
r r2
Kt qu tnh ton c ghi ra trong cc bn sau:

(1) Trng hp pa = 0 Mpa,Rp,max =6.796m
Bng 1
r 5.0. 5.46 5.90 6.35 6.79 7.0 8.0 8.0 10.0 11.0
(m 22 6 9 3 6
Vng do "P" Vng n hi "e"
)
r 0.00 0.09 0.20 0.31 0.43 0.49 0.79 1.14 1.54 1.97
0 6 2 2 0 9 9 6 3
1.03 1.32 1.63 1.97 2.33 2.50 3.43 4.48 5.66 6.95
9 7 8 4 5 8 5 6 8
Ti v tr t = z :
1 sin 1 sin 300
1 2sin
1 2sin 300
R Rt Rp ,max 6.796 0
5.549m
1 sin 1 sin 30
(2) Trng hp pa = 0,1 MPa, Rp,max =6.224m

Bng 2
r 5.02 5.32 5.62 5.92 6.22 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0
(m 2 3 3 3 4
)

B MN CU HM
r 0.1 0.17 0.25 0.34 0.43 0.68 1.05 1.47 1.93 2.45
6 7 2 2 4 2 0 7 2
1.39 1.56 1.81 2.06 2.33 3.09 4.19 5.44 6.84 8.39
9 8 0 6 5 1 6 9 9 7
Ti v tr t = z :
1 sin 1 sin 300
1 2sin
1 2sin 300 5.082 m

1 sin 1 sin 30
Trng hp pa = 0,2 MPa,Rp,max =5.775m
(3) Bng 3
r 5.02 5.21 5.39 5.58 5.77 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10
(m 2 1 9 7 5
)
0.2 0.25 0.31 0.37 0.43 0.50 0.87 1.30 1.79 2.33
r
5 2 1 2 7 8 6 1 3
1.63 1.80 1.97 2.15 2.33 2.56 3.67 4.95 6.41 8.03

9 4 5 2 5 1 4 8 2 9
Ti v tr t = z :
1 sin 1 sin300
1 2sin
1 2sin 300 4.715 m
R Rt Rp ,max 5.775
1 sin 1 sin 300
(4) Trng hp pa = 0,3 MPa,Rp,max =5.411m

Bng 4

B MN CU HM
r 5.02 5.12 5.21 5.31 5.41 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
(m 2 0 7 4 1
)
r 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.39 0.43 0.65 1.07 1.56 2.11 2.73
2 5 8 2 0 2 0 2 0
1.93 2.03 2.13 2.23 2.33 2.98 4.25 5.71 7.37 9.22
9 5 3 3 5 9 7 9 6 8
Ti v tr t = z :
1 sin 1sin 300
1 2sin
1 2sin 300 4.418 m

1 sin 1 sin 30

Bng 5
r 5.02 5.04 5.06 5.08 5.10 6.00 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
(m 2 4 6 7 9
)
r 0.4 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.79 1.26 1.81 2.43 3.12
8 6 4 2 3 7 4 3 6
2.23 2.26 2.28 2.31 2.33 2.41 4.83 6.48 8.33 10.4
9 3 7 1 5 8 9 0 9 17
Ti v tr t = z :
1 sin 1 sin 300
1 2sin
1 2sin 300 4.171 m

1 sin 1 sin 30

B MN CU HM
(6) Trng hp pa = pamax=0.437 MPa

r 5.022Mpa
2.334Mpa
2.5 Tnh ton chuyn v vch hang:

2.5.1 Chuyn v ti a ti vch hang khi p a 0 ; R p R p max
1 2
u RP max z sin c. cos Rmax
E R0
1 0,35 6.7962
uRPmax 1,383 0,5 0,3.0,866
16790 5.022
u RP max 0,00070m = 0.704 mm
2.5.2 Chuyn v ti vch hang khi bt u xut hin trng thi n do,
ng vi trng thi ( pa pa max 0.432MPa; R p R0 )
1
uk z pa R02 1 z p a R0
rE E
1 0, 35
uk 1, 383 0, 432 5.022 0,0038m = 0.384 mm.
16790
ng vi trng thi ( 0 pa pa max ; R0 R p R p max )
Theo cng thc:
1 sin
u Rp01 c cot sin
z sin c cos 1 sin z
R0 E p a c cot
Ta rt ra:
1 sin
1 z c cot sin
R0 z sin c cos 1 sin
p
u
p a c cot
R0
E
Thay ln lt cc tr pa = 0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 Mpa vo cng thc trn tnh

chuyn v, kt qu c ghi trong bng sau:

B MN CU HM
Bng 7
Pa (Mpa) 1.383 0.432 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
RP (m) 5.022 5.022 5.109 5.411 5.775 6.224 6.796
UpR0 (mm) 0 0.380 0.393 0.441 0.502 0.584 0.696
2.6 V ng cong quan h Pi Ui :

a) Nhng lu khi v ng cong:
(1) Khi v ng cong quan h Pi Ui , ng cong trn, ta c th tnh
thm chuyn v vi mt s cp p lc Pa khc, v v ng cong theo bng
sau:
Bn
g Pa 1.383 0.4319 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.01 0
(Mpa)
RP (m) 5.022 5.022 5.109 5.254 5.411 5.584 5.775 5.987 6.224 6.732 6.796
UpR0
0 0.380 0.393 0.416 0.441 0.470 0.502 0.540 0.584 0.683 0.696
(mm)
(2) on t Pamax n z Vch hang chuyn v n hi nn on ny l

ng thng. Ti v tr ni tip gia on cong v on thng th ng
thng tip xc vi on cong.
(3) Theo tnh ton l thuyt th chuyn v t gi tr U max khi Pa = 0. Nhng
trong thc t, khi chuyn v vch hang khi gn t n gi tr ti a th p
lc ln kt cu cng tng ln. Do , chng ta khng th t c trng thi
p lc ln vch hang Pa = 0, m ch c th t c P a = Pamin. Gi tr ny
c xc nh c xc nh bng phng php ngoi suy ng cong t
on cong trc trong on Pa = 0,1 0,15 cho giao ct vi ng dng
Umax.
(4) Ngay sau thi im, tng ng vi U max th p lc ln vch hang tng
ln, do ng cong s i ln.
b) ng cong quan h trong thc tt c dng nh sau:

B MN CU HM
Pa
(Mpa)
1.383 1.383
0.100
0.432
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.1
0 0.456 0.877 1.00
U Omax =0.696
U R(mm)
Hnh v : ng cong quan h Pi UR
3. TNH TON KT CU CHNG

1.4. TNH TON LP BTNG PHUN (SHOTCRETE)
1.1. Da vo iu kin v cng xc nh im p lc tc
dng ln lp BTP ( im C)
Btng phun l kt cu tham gia chu lc cng kt cu vm p lc sau
khi khai o ng hang, nn n phi c thi gian ng cng nhanh v
cng ln do em chn btng phun 28 ngy tui t cng
28Mpa, chiu dy btng phun 7cm
iu kin cng : Psc Pasc
Trong :
+ PSC - Sc khng ca v btng phun
Tu tng dng v hm m c cng thc xc nh sc khng ca lp
BTP khc nhau:

B MN CU HM
- Nu lp btng phun khng khp kn, n c xem nh tm v

mng, lm vic cc b chu p lc Pa , c treo 4 gc bng cc
thanh neo, sc khng c xc nh theo cng thc:
fr h2
Psc
0,24a 2
Trong :
f r - Cng chu ko un ca btng phun, xc nh nh
sau:
f r 0,63 f sc MPa
h- Chiu dy lp btng phun, theo la chn. h = 7cm
a- Khong cch gia cc thanh neo hay l bc neo.a = 1,0
- Nu lp BTP khp kn, ng bin hang c vm nga khi lp

btng phun c coi nh mt lp v mng ca hnh tr rng, chu
p lc thu tnh u xung quanh, sc khng c tnh theo cng
thc:
f sc h
Psc
Rc
Trong :
f sc - Cng nn n trc ca btng phun, chn btng
phun c: fsc = 28 MPa

h- Chiu dy lp btng phun, ta c: h = 7cm = 0,07m
Rc - Bn knh qui i ca v btng phun, Rc = R0 = 5.022 m
- n gin ta tnh theo trng hp th 2, ta c:
f sc h 28 0, 07
Psc 0,390 MPa
Rc 5.022
+ Pasc - p lc hng tm ln vch hang khi lp btng phun pht
huy kh nng mang ti.

B MN CU HM
Theo iu kin v cng Psc Pasc , tc l p lc hng tm tc

dng ln lp BTP gi tr ti a m lp BTP c th chu c l:
Pascmax Psc 0,390 Mpa
im tc dng ca p lc hng tm ca vch hang ln lp btng
phun (im C), c xc nh trn ng cong quan h Pi Ui nh
sau:
Pa
(Mpa)
1.383 1.383
0.100
Pascmax Psc 0, 390 MPa

0.432
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.1
0 0.456 0.877 1.00

=0.696
UOmax
UR(mm)
Biu xc nh im tc dng ca p lc hng tm ca vch hang

ln lp b tng phun.
Nhn xt:
- im C l im gii hn p lc tc dng ln lp BTP, nu p lc
hng tm ca vch hang ln lp BTP ti thi im lp BTP pht
huy kh nng chu lc ti a th iu kin v cng lun c
tho mn, bi v:

B MN CU HM
Lp BTP mng c th bin dng cng vi vch hang, do

trong qu trnh chu lc th p lc vch hang tip tc gim
dn, trong khi lc khng Psc ca lp BTP th lun khng i .
- Trong thc t xy dng th ngi ta thng tm cch khng ch p

lc vch hang khng pht trin n gi tr Pascmax Psc , m ch cho
pht trin n mt p lc nh hn P sc . V vy, iu kin v cng
lp btng phun lun c m bo.
1.2. Xc nh thi im lp BTP bt u pht huy kh nng mang

ti:
a) Xy dng ng thng bin dng ca lp BTP
- Tnh ton h s gc ca ng thng, xc nh trong trng hp lp
v mm v h < 0,04R0 , tht vy:
+ Chiu dy lp btng phun theo la chn l: h = 7cm = 0,07m.
+ 0,04R0 = 0,04*5.022 = 0,2008m > h = 0,07m
E sc h
K sc
R0 (1 sc2 )
Trong :
sc - H s n hng ca btng phun, 0,2
Esc - Muyn n hi ca btng phun, Mpa
E sc 0,043 1,5 f sc 0,043 (2500)1,5 28 28441,827 Mpa
2500kg / m3 - Khi lng ring ca BTP
h- Chiu dy lp btng phun, theo la chn h = 0,07m
Ta c:
28441,827 0, 07
K sc 412.960
5.022 (1 0, 22 )
- Tnh gc ca ng thng so vi trc bin dng:
tg sc K sc 412.960
Ta c: sc 89o 5242

B MN CU HM
Da vo ng cong quan h Pi Ui , t im C k mt ng thng

to vi trc bin dng UR mt gc sc =89o5242 ta s c ng thng
bin dng ca lp btng phun. Dng ng tng qut nh sau:
Pa
(Mpa)
1.383 1.383
0.100
0.432
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.1
0 0.456 0.877 1.00
U Omax =10.695
U R (mm)
b) Xc nh chuyn v ca vch hang khi lp btng phun bt u pht

huy kh nng mang ti:
Chuyn v ca vch hang, tng ng vi im C, s l:
1 sin
U C
R0
1 c cot
sin c cos 1 sin z
sin
R z
E p SC c cot
1 0.5
1 0,35 1,383 0,5 0,3 0,866 1 0,5 1,383 0, 2 1, 732 0.5
U RC 5.022
16790 0.390 0, 2 1, 732
U RC 0,00039735m = 0.39641mm
Da vo ng thng bin dng ca lp btng phun ta xc nh c

chuyn v ca vch hang khi p lc ln lp BTP = 0, cng l thi im lp
BTP bt u pht huy kh nng mang ti:
PSC P 0, 446
U RC U 0C SC 0,00095mm
tg sc K sc 471.910
U 0C 0.39735 - 0,00095 = 0.39641 mm
Kt lun:

B MN CU HM
Trong qu trnh thi cng, cn c vo cc gi tr chuyn v o

c bng cc thit b trc c, so snh vi U 0C , sao cho gi tr chuyn
v o c gn vi gi tr U 0C nht, t a ra c thi im
khp kn lp BTP hp l, v thi im khp kn lp BTP l thi im lp
ny bt u pht huy kh nng mang ti.
2.4.TNH TON LP V BTNG ( CONCRETE)

2.1. Gi thit p lc vch hang ti thi im lp v btng tham
gia chu lc:
- Nh tnh ton trn, khi lp btng phun pht huy kh nng mang
ti th p lc vch hang ln lp l:
PSC = 0,390 Mpa
- M p lc vch hang ln nht l: Pa, max = 0.432 Mpa
- Nh vy, ti thi im lp btng phun pht huy tc dng th p
0,39
lc ng hang chim 0, 432 100 90,27% p lc ln nht ln
vch hang o.
- Do lp btng phun c kh nng bin dng cng vi vch hang
o nn p lc ln lp s gim.
- Gi thit n khi kt cu chng ln 2 l lp v btng pht huy
kh nng chng th p lc vch hang cn khong 30% p lc
ln nht, tc l:
PaC 30% Pa ,max 0,30 0, 432 0.130 Mpa.
- Ta tnh ton cho lp v btng nh l mt lp th 2, sau lp

btng phun v chu p lc PaC truyn t lp btng phun ln. Khi
, ta s tnh ton theo bn knh ngoi, v bn knh trong quy i
ca lp v btng:
Rng = R0 - h = 5.022 0,07 - 0.005= 4.947 m.
Rtr = Rng - t = 4.937 0,35 = 4.597 m

B MN CU HM
hct = 0.5cm = 0,005m chiu dy lp chng thm.

2.2. Xc dnh thi im lp v btng bt u tham gia chu lc:
a) Xy dng ng thng bin dng ca lp v btng
v cng v t > 0,04Rng , tht vy:
+ Chiu dy lp v b tng theo la chn l: t = 35cm =
0,35m.
+ 0,04xRng = 0,04*5.022 = 0,2005m < t =0,35
E c R ng2 Rtr2
Kc

R ng (1 c ) 1 2 c R ng2 Rtr2
Trong :
c - H s n hng ca btng v hm, c 0,2
Ec - Muyn n hi ca btng v hm, Mpa

E c 0,043 1,5 f c 0,043 (2500)1,5 30 29440,087 Mpa
2500kg / m3 - Khi lng ring ca BT
f c 30 Mpa - Cng chu nn n trc ca btng v
hm.
Ta c:
29440, 087 (4.947 2 4.597 2 )
Kc
4.937 (1 0, 2) 1 2 0, 2 4.947 2 4.597 2
Kc 693.655
tg c K c 693.655
Ta c: c 89o 553
Da vo ng cong quan h P i Ui , t Pac dng thng sang ta c
im B l im giao ct vi ng cong. T B k mt ng thng to vi
trc bin dng UR mt gc c ta s c ng thng bin dng ca v
btng. Dng ng tng qut nh sau:

B MN CU HM
Pa
(Mpa)
1.383 1.383
0.100
0.432
0.4
0.35
0.3
B
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.1
0 0.456 1.00
0.877
UOmax=0.696
U R(mm)
b) Xc nh chuyn v ca vch hang khi lp v btng bt u pht

huy kh nng mang ti:
Chuyn v ca vch hang, tng ng vi im B, s l:
1 sin
1 z c cot sin
U RB R0 z sin c cos 1 sin
E p ac c cot
1 0,5
1 0,35 1, 383 0,3 1, 732
0,5
U B 5.022 1.383 0,5 0,3 0,866 1 0,5
0,173 0, 2 1, 732
R
16790
U RB 0,00055699m = 0.55699mm
Da vo ng thng bin dng ca lp v btng ta xc nh c

chuyn v ca vch hang khi p lc ln lp v BT = 0, cng l thi im lp
v BT bt u pht huy kh nng mang ti:
PaC PC 0.130
U RB U 0B a 0,00019mm
tg c K c 693.655

B MN CU HM
U 0B 0.55699 - 0,00019 = 0.5568 mm

Kt lun:
c bng cc thit b trc c, so snh vi U 0B , t a ra c
thi im btng lp v hp l, sao cho gi tr chuyn v o c ( c
tnh n thi gian btng ninh kt) gn vi gi tr U 0B nht, v thi im
sau khi ninh kt ca btng c coi l thi im lp ny bt u pht
huy kh nng mang ti. Lm nh vy th p lc vch hang tc dng ln
v btng trong qu trnh chu ti s gn vi gi tr gi thit nht l
30% P .
a , max
3.4.KIM TON LP BTNG PHUN V V BTNG

3.1. Kim ton v chuyn v ca lp btng phun:
iu kin kim ton: U sc U
Trong :
Usc - Chuyn dch ca lp v btng phun, xc nh theo cng thc:
U sc

Psc 1 sc2
E sc h
Trong :
Psc - Sc khng ca lp v btng phun, Psc = 0,390 Mpa

E sc 0,043 1,5 f sc 0,043 (2500)1,5 28 28441,827 Mpa
Ta c:
Psc 1 sc2 0,39 (1 0, 22 )
U SC 0,1882.10-3 m
Esc h 28441,827 0, 07

B MN CU HM
Usc = 0,1882mm
U - Chuyn dch ca vch hang t thi im lp btng phun bt
u tham gia chu lc n thi im lp v btng tham gia chu
lc.
U U 0B U 0C 0.56297 - 0.40086 = 0.1605 mm
Nhn xt:
U sc 0,1882mm U 0,1605mm , do iu kin v chuyn v lp
btng phun tho mn, hay :
Chiu dy lp BTP mng c th cng bin dng cng vi
vch hang, ph hp vi gi tr p lc vch hang tc dng ln v btng
l 40%Pa,max m ngi thit k a ra
3.2. Kim ton v cng ca lp v btng:
iu kin kim ton: Pv 0 PaC 30% Pa ,max

Trong :
Pv0 - Sc khng ca lp v btng, xc nh theo cng thc:
2
Rng Rtr2
Pv 0 fC
2
Rng Rtr2
Trong :
Rng - Bn knh qui i ca mt trong ng hang
Rng = R0 - h = 5.022 0,07 0,005 = 4.947 m.
Rtr - Bn knh qui i ca khun hm
Rtr = Rng - t = 4.937 0,35 = 4.597 m
fc - Cng nn n trc ca btng v hm chn b tng
mc 300, fc = 30 Mpa
Ta c:

B MN CU HM
Rng2 Rtr2 4,947 2 4.597 2

Pv 0 2 fC 30 = 2.197 Mpa.
Rng Rtr2 4,947 2 4.597 2
PaC - p lc vch hang tc dng ln v btng trong qu trnh chu
lc.
PaC 30% Pa ,max 0,130 Mpa
Nhn xt:
Pv 0 2.197 Mpa PcC 0,130MPa
Do iu kin v cng btng v hm tho mn.
4.4.TNH TON NEO

4.1. Tnh ton kh nng chu lc ca mt neo:
a) Theo lc dnh bm : s a .l a .
Trong :
d - ng knh neo, ta s dng loi neo n Swellex c
ng knh lm vic l: d = 41mm = 0,041m
la - Chiu di phn neo ngm vo nn, nm ngoi bn knh
do. Chiu di ny c xc nh nh sau:
l a l neo ( R Pneo R0 )
Trong :
lneo - L chiu di neo, theo la chn, lneo = 2,5m
RPneo- L bn knh vng do ti thi im cm neo, ta c:
1
2 z 1 qu 1
R Pneo R0 camneo
1 pa 1 qu
Pacamneo L p lc ng hang ti thi im cm
neo. Nh ta bit, p lc ng hang ti thi
im lp BTP bt u pht huy kh nng mang ti
l 90,27%Pa,max, cn ti ti im lp v BT bt u
mang ti l 30%Pa,max . Thi im cm neo, l thi
B MN CU HM
im lp BTP bin dng c cng vi vch

hang, v gii phng c thm mt phn p lc
nht nh. Ta chn:
Pacamneo = 40% Pa,max = 0,40*0,432 = 0,173
MPa
1

2 1,383.(3 1) 1.0392 31
RPneo 5.022 5.888 m
1 3 0,173. 3 1 1.0392
R Pneo 5.888 m
Ta c:
la = 2,5 - ( 5.888 5.022) = 1,635m
- Cng dnh bm ca neo vi nn, v loi trong
n ny l trung bnh, ta c: 130 KN/m
Cui cng ta c:
Sa = 1.635*130 = 212.510KN
Ch : Thi im cm neo c xc nh nh sau:

- Tnh chuyn v vch hang ti thi im cm neo:
1 sin
U Rcamneo R0
1 z c cot
sin c cos 1 sin camneo
sin
z
E pa c cot
U Rcamneo 0.52803 mm
Trong qu trnh thi cng, cn c vo cc gi tr chuyn v o c

bng cc thit b trc c, so snh vi U Rcamneo , t a ra c thi
im cm neo hp l, sao cho gi tr chuyn v o c gn vi gi tr
U Rcamneo nht, v neo pht huy kh nng mang ti ngay sau khi cm. Lm

B MN CU HM
nh vy th p lc vch hang tc dng ln neo trong qu trnh chu ti

s gn vi gi tr gi thit nht l 30% P . a , max
(d ng
2
d tr2 )
b) Theo vt liu : sa fa
4
Trong :
fa - Cng chu ko t ca thp lm neo, chn loi thp
cng cao, c: fa = 2700Mpa = 2700000 KN/m2
dng ; dtr - ng knh ngoi v ng knh trong ca v thp
neo n Swellex, ta c:
dng = 41mm = 0,041m
dtr = dng = 41 2 =39mm = 0,039 m
- L chiu dy v thp ca neo n, = 2mm
3,14 (0, 0412 0, 0392 )
Ta c: s a 2.7.106 = 339.12 KN
4
Kt lun:
S a Min S adinhbam ; S avatlieu 277.510 KN
4.2. Tnh ton sc khng ca neo

Cng thc:
Sa
Pneo
ab
Trong :
a- Bc neo theo mt ct ngang hm, theo la chn: a = 1,0 m
b- Bc neo theo chiu dc hm, la chn: b = 1,0m
Ta c:
212.510
Pneo 212.510kN/m2 = 0,213 Mpa
1, 0 1, 0
Nhn xt: Pneo 0, 213Mpa Pa 0,173Mpa

camneo
Kt ln: Neo kh nng chu lc

B MN CU HM
II. TNH TON KT CU V HM CHO LP A CHT TH

NHT (fkp = 8).
1. CC D LIU TNH TON.

1.2 Tnh ton im s RMR ca khi :
Theo Bng tng hp tnh im s RMR khi xc nh im s
RMR theo bng sau:
bn ca khi cn
1 100-250 12
nguyn trng
2 Ch tiu cht lng 75-90% 17
3 0.06-0.2 8
nt
4 Chiu di ca cc khe nt 1-3 4
5 m rng khe nt(mm) <0.1mm 5
6 Tnh nhm ca khe nt nhm 5
Vt liu mm
<5mm
Khng phong
8 Mc phong ha 6
ha
9 Tnh trng nc ngm Kh hon ton 15
Tng im RMR 74
Vy a cht lp 2 l loi B. Lp ny c thi gian t ng vng

khng chng l 10m trong thi gian nm.
( RMR 10 )

B MN CU HM

nm.
+ Lc dnh c (Mpa): chn c = 0,35 (Mpa)
Gc ni ma st: = 400
1.2 Xc nh d liu tnh ton:

Chiu di t hm:
Lp 1 h1=2 m
Lp 2 h2 = 12 m
Lp 3 h3=50 m
Lp 4 h4= 91 m
Din tch tit din hang o: Ao=77.634 m2

Trng lng th tch:
Lp 1 =18kN/m3
Lp 2 =25kN/m3
Lp 3 =26kN/m3
Lp 4 =26,7kN/m3
Gc ni ma st: = 40o
Cng lc dnh : C= 0,35 MPa
H s n hng : = 0,3
H s p lc ngang: x y . z

0.429
1

B MN CU HM
Muyn n hi, xc nh da vo RMR, vi RMR =74

muy n hi c xc n theo cng thc sau:
RMR 10 59 10
E 10 40
10 40
39,811 GPa =39811Mpa
Nhng i lng lng gic: sin sin40o= 643

cos cos 40o=0,766
cot cotg40o=1,192
i sang rad: 0,697
2. XY DNG NG CONG P NG P LC- BIN DNG VCH

HANG
2.2 Tnh ton b tr:
Bn knh hang o qui i:
A0 77, 634
R0 Rqd 4,972 m
3,14
2.2 Xc nh p lc hng tm ln nht:

Ta bit rng, p lc hng tm ti bin hang o chnh l p lc hng tm
tc dng ln kt cu chng.
- Khi vch hang trn, p lc l nh nht: p a 0. Trng hp
ny, bn knh vng bin dng do l ln nht.
- Khi cng ca kt cu ln, khng lm xut hin vng do, ngay
sau vch hang l vng n hi, khi p lc hng tm tc dng
ln kt cu chng l ln nht, c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
p a max z 1 sin c. cos

B MN CU HM
Trong :
z Thnh phn ng sut thng ng ca t ti chiu su H
z i .H i 18 2+25x12+25x50+26,7x91=4089,73KN/m2
= 4,090 Mpa
Ta c:
pa max 4, 090 1 0, 643 0,3 0, 766 1,230 Mpa
Nh vy, p lc hng tm ti bin hang o s bin thin trong khong:

pa 0 1,230 Mpa
2.3 Xc nh bn knh vng do
Cng thc tnh:
1
2 z 1 q u 1
R P R0 (1)
1 p a 1 q u
Trong :
H s tnh theo cng thc:
1 sin 1 0, 643
4,602
1 sin 1 0, 643
qu Cng nn n trc ca khi
2.C . cos 2.0,35.0, 766
qu 1.502 MPa
1 sin 1 0, 643
pa p lc hng tm ti vch hang.
tnh bn knh vng do ln nht, ta xt trng hp khng c kt
cu chng vch hang, Pa = 0
Ta c: 1
2 4, 090 x 4, 602 1 1.502 31
RP RP max 4,972
1 4, 602 0 1.502
R P max = 7,234 m
Vi mi cp p lc nm trong khong P a trn, ta xc nh c gi
tr bn knh vng bin dng do tng ng theo cng thc (1). ng thi, ta
xc nh bn knh Rt m ti t z theo cng thc sau:
B MN CU HM
1 sin
1 2 sin
Rt R P
1 sin
Tng hp kt qu tnh ton ta c bng sau:
pa 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1,23

Rp 5.37 4,79
7,234 6.488 6,002 5,648 3 2
R0/Rp 0.92 1.00
0.687 0.766 0.829 0.880 5 0
Rt 4,68 4,33
6,302 5,653 5,229 4,92 1 2
2.4 Tnh ton ng sut trong nn theo trng thi n hi do

c) Trong phm vi bn knh t R0 Rpmax nn xung quanh hang o
trng thi do, ng sut hng tm rp v ng sut tip tuyn p c
xc nh theo cng thc:
2 sin
R 1 sin
rp p a c. cot P c. cot
R0
2 sin
1 sin RP 1 sin
rp p a c. cot c. cot
1 sin R0
d) i vi vng nm ngoi bn knh Rp, nn trng thi n hi, ng

sut hng tm rp v ng sut tip tuyn p c xc nh theo cng
thc:
R2 R2
re z 1 2P rpRmax 2P
r r
RP2 2
Rmax R P

e z 1 2 rp
r r2
Kt qu tnh ton c ghi ra trong cc bn sau:

(7) Trng hp pa = 0 Mpa,Rp,max =7,234m
Bng 1

B MN CU HM
r 4,79 5,53 6,01 6,66 7,23 8,0 9,0 10,0 11,0 12,0
(m 2 8 3 8 4
)
r 0.00 0,19 0,45 0,78 1,19 1,89 3,11 4,75 6,86 0,55
0 8 6 4 3 7 9 2 9 1
1,50 2,41 3,59 5,10 6,99 10,2 15,8 23,3 33,1 45,4
3 3 9 9 2 3 6 7 1 6
Ti v tr t = z :
1 sin 1 sin 400
1 2sin
1 2sin 400
R Rt Rp ,max 7, 234 6,302m
1 sin 1 sin 400
(8) Trng hp pa = 0,2 MPa, Rp,max =6,488 m

Bng 2
r 4,97 5,35 5,73 6,10 6,48 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0
(m 2 1 0 9 8
)
r 0,2 0,38 0,61 0,87 1,19 1,69 3,00 4,81 7,23 10,3
7 2 9 2 9 6 5 0 62
2,42 3,28 4,31 5,54 6,99 9,32 15,3 23,6 34,7 49,1
3 4 8 7 0 1 36 61 76 92
Ti v tr t = z :
1 sin 1sin 400
1 2sin
1 2sin 400 5.653 m

1 sin 1 sin 40
Trng hp pa = 0,4 MPa,Rp,max =6,002m
(9) Bng 3
B MN CU HM
r 4,97 5,23 5,48 5,74 6,00 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0 11,0
(m 2 7 4 2
)
0,4 0,56 0,74 0,95 1,19 2,38 4,11 6,51 9,70 13,8
r
3 8 7 2 4 5 0 8 55
3,34 4,09 4,94 5,98 6,99 12,4 20,4 31,4 46,1 65,2

4 3 5 0 0 76 40 64 80 68
Ti v tr t = z :
1 sin 1 sin 400
1 2sin
1 2sin 400 5,229 m
R Rt Rp ,max 6, 002 0

1 sin 1 sin 40

Bng 4
r 4,97 5,14 5,31 5,47 5,64 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
(m 2 1 0 9 8
)
r 0.6 0,73 0,87 1,02 1,19 1,58 3,07 5,22 8,20 12,1
0 2 5 2 4 0 4 5 86
4,26 4,86 5,51 6,22 6,98 8,79 15,6 25,5 39,2 57,5
4 3 4 2 9 3 32 45 66 84
Ti v tr t = z :
1 sin 1 sin 400
1 2sin
1 2sin 400 4.920 m
R Rt Rp ,max 5, 648 0

1 sin 1 sin 40

B MN CU HM

Bng 5
r 4,97 5,07 5,17 5,27 5,37 6.00 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
(m 2 3 3 3 3
)
r 0,8 0,89 0,98 1,08 1,19 1,97 3,75 6,33 9,90 14,6
1 6 7 2 8 6 3 1 64
5,18 5,60 6,04 6,50 6,98 10,6 18,7 30,6 47,0 68,9
5 2 1 3 9 04 87 50 68 88
Ti v tr t = z :
1 sin 1 sin 400
1 2sin
1 2sin 400 4.681 m

1 sin 1 sin 40
(12) Trng hp pa = pamax=1,230 MPa

r 1, 230Mpa
6,987Mpa
2.5 Tnh ton chuyn v vch hang:

2.5.1 Chuyn v ti a ti vch hang khi p a 0 ; R p R p max
1 R2
u RP max z sin c. cos max
E R0
1 0,3 7, 234 2
uRPmax 4, 090 0, 643 0,3.0, 766
39811 4,972
u RP max 0,0010m = 0.1 mm

B MN CU HM
ng vi trng thi ( pa pa max 1, 230MPa; R p R0 )
1
uk z pa R02 1 z p a R0
rE E
1 0, 3
uk 4, 090 1, 230 4, 972 0,0046m = 0.46 mm.
39811
ng vi trng thi ( 0 pa pa max ; R0 R p R p max )
Theo cng thc:
1 sin
u Rp01 c cot sin
z sin c cos 1 sin z
R0 E p a c cot
Ta rt ra:
1 sin
1 z c cot sin
R0 z sin c cos 1 sin
p
u
p a c cot
R0
E
Thay ln lt cc tr pa = 0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 ;0,8Mpa vo cng thc trn tnh

chuyn v, kt qu c ghi trong bng sau:
Bng 7
Pa (Mpa) 4,090 1,230 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0
RP (m) 4,972 4,972 5,373 5,648 5.623 6,651 7,525
UpR0 (mm) 0 0,464 0,553 0,615 0,701 0,831 1,063
2.7 V ng cong quan h Pi Ui :

c) Nhng lu khi v ng cong:
(5) Khi v ng cong quan h Pi Ui , ng cong trn, ta c th tnh
thm chuyn v vi mt s cp p lc Pa khc, v v ng cong theo bng
sau:

B MN CU HM
Pa (Mpa) 4,090 1,23 0,8 0,75 0,7 0,65 0,6 0,55 0,5 0,45 0,4 0.35 0,2 0,1
RP (m) 4,972 4,972 5,373

5,43 5,50 5,57 5,64 5,72 5,81 5,90 6,00
6,108
6,4 6,81
6 2 3 8 7 2 3 2 88 5
UpR0
0 0,464 0,553
0.56 0.58 0.59 0.61 0.63 0.65 0.67 0.70
0.728
0.8 0.92
(mm) 7 2 8 5 4 4 6 1 31 7
(6) on t Pamax n z Vch hang chuyn v n hi nn on ny l

ng thng. Ti v tr ni tip gia on cong v on thng th ng
thng tip xc vi on cong.
(7) Theo tnh ton l thuyt th chuyn v t gi tr U max khi Pa = 0. Nhng
trong thc t, khi chuyn v vch hang khi gn t n gi tr ti a th p
lc ln kt cu cng tng ln. Do , chng ta khng th t c trng thi
p lc ln vch hang Pa = 0, m ch c th t c P a = Pamin. Gi tr ny
c xc nh c xc nh bng phng php ngoi suy ng cong t
on cong trc trong on Pa = 0,1 0,2 cho giao ct vi ng dng
Umax.
(8) Ngay sau thi im, tng ng vi U max th p lc ln vch hang tng
ln, do ng cong s i ln.
d) ng cong quan h trong thc tt c dng nh sau:

B MN CU HM
Pa
(Mpa)
4,090 4,090
0.100
0.432
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.1
0 0.456 0.877 1.00
U Omax =1.215
U R(mm)
Hnh v : ng cong quan h Pi UR
4. TNH TON KT CU CHNG

1.4. TNH TON LP BTNG PHUN (SHOTCRETE)
1.1. Da vo iu kin v cng xc nh im p lc tc
dng ln lp BTP ( im C)
Btng phun l kt cu tham gia chu lc cng kt cu vm p lc sau
khi khai o ng hang, nn n phi c thi gian ng cng nhanh v
cng ln do em chn btng phun 28 ngy tui t cng
28Mpa, chiu dy btng phun 7cm
iu kin cng : Psc Pasc
Trong :
+ PSC - Sc khng ca v btng phun
Tu tng dng v hm m c cng thc xc nh sc khng ca lp
BTP khc nhau:

B MN CU HM
- Nu lp btng phun khng khp kn, n c xem nh tm v

mng, lm vic cc b chu p lc Pa , c treo 4 gc bng cc
thanh neo, sc khng c xc nh theo cng thc:
fr h2
Psc
0,24a 2
Trong :
f r - Cng chu ko un ca btng phun, xc nh nh
sau:
f r 0,63 f sc MPa
h- Chiu dy lp btng phun, theo la chn. h = 5cm
a- Khong cch gia cc thanh neo hay l bc neo.a = 1,0
- Nu lp BTP khp kn, ng bin hang c vm nga khi lp

btng phun c coi nh mt lp v mng ca hnh tr rng, chu
p lc thu tnh u xung quanh, sc khng c tnh theo cng
thc:
f sc h
Psc
Rc
Trong :
f sc - Cng nn n trc ca btng phun, chn btng
phun c: fsc = 28 MPa

h- Chiu dy lp btng phun, ta c: h = 5cm = 0,05m
Rc - Bn knh qui i ca v btng phun, Rc = R0 = 4,972 m
- n gin ta tnh theo trng hp th 2, ta c:
f sc h 28 0, 05
Psc 0,282 MPa
Rc 4,972
+ Pasc - p lc hng tm ln vch hang khi lp btng phun pht
huy kh nng mang ti.

B MN CU HM
Theo iu kin v cng Psc Pasc , tc l p lc hng tm tc

dng ln lp BTP gi tr ti a m lp BTP c th chu c l:
Pascmax Psc 0,2820 Mpa
im tc dng ca p lc hng tm ca vch hang ln lp btng
phun (im C), c xc nh trn ng cong quan h Pi Ui nh
sau:
Pa
(Mpa)
1.383 1.383
0.100
Pascmax Psc 0, 282 MPa

0.432
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.1
0 0.456 0.877 1.00

=1.063
UOmax
UR(mm)
Biu xc nh im tc dng ca p lc hng tm ca vch hang

ln lp b tng phun.
Nhn xt:
- im C l im gii hn p lc tc dng ln lp BTP, nu p lc
hng tm ca vch hang ln lp BTP ti thi im lp BTP pht
huy kh nng chu lc ti a th iu kin v cng lun c
tho mn, bi v:

B MN CU HM
Lp BTP mng c th bin dng cng vi vch hang, do

trong qu trnh chu lc th p lc vch hang tip tc gim
dn, trong khi lc khng Psc ca lp BTP th lun khng i .
- Trong thc t xy dng th ngi ta thng tm cch khng ch p

lc vch hang khng pht trin n gi tr Pascmax Psc , m ch cho
pht trin n mt p lc nh hn P sc . V vy, iu kin v cng
lp btng phun lun c m bo.
1.2. Xc nh thi im lp BTP bt u pht huy kh nng mang

ti:
c) Xy dng ng thng bin dng ca lp BTP
v mm v h < 0,04R0 , tht vy:
+ Chiu dy lp btng phun theo la chn l: h = 5cm = 0,05m.
+ 0,04R0 = 0,04*4,972 = 0,198m > h = 0,05m
E sc h
K sc
R0 (1 sc2 )
Trong :
E sc 0,043 1,5 f sc 0,043 (2500)1,5 28 28441,827 Mpa
Ta c:
28441,827 0, 05
K sc 297,917
4, 972 (1 0, 22 )
tg sc K sc 297,917
Ta c: sc 89o 4827

B MN CU HM
Da vo ng cong quan h Pi Ui , t im C k mt ng thng

to vi trc bin dng UR mt gc sc =89o4827 ta s c ng thng
bin dng ca lp btng phun. Dng ng tng qut nh sau:
Pa
(Mpa)
4,090 4,090
0.100
0.432
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.1
0 0.456 0.877 1.00
U Omax =1.215
U R (mm)
d) Xc nh chuyn v ca vch hang khi lp btng phun bt u pht

huy kh nng mang ti:
Chuyn v ca vch hang, tng ng vi im C, s l:
1 sin
U C
R0
1 c cot
sin c cos 1 sin z
sin
R z
E p SC c cot
1 0.643
1 0,3 4, 090 0, 643 0, 35 0, 766 1 0, 643 4, 090 0, 2 1,192 0.643
U RC 4, 090
39811 0.282 0, 2 1,192
U RC 0,000747m = 0.74762mm
Da vo ng thng bin dng ca lp btng phun ta xc nh c

chuyn v ca vch hang khi p lc ln lp BTP = 0, cng l thi im lp
BTP bt u pht huy kh nng mang ti:
PSC P 0, 282
U RC U 0C SC 0,00095
tg sc K sc 297,91
mm
U 0C 0.74762 - 0,00095 = 0.74668 mm

B MN CU HM
Kt lun:
c bng cc thit b trc c, so snh vi U 0C , sao cho gi tr chuyn
v o c gn vi gi tr U 0C nht, t a ra c thi im
khp kn lp BTP hp l, v thi im khp kn lp BTP l thi im lp
ny bt u pht huy kh nng mang ti.
2.4.TNH TON LP V BTNG ( CONCRETE)

2.1. Gi thit p lc vch hang ti thi im lp v btng tham
gia chu lc:
- Nh tnh ton trn, khi lp btng phun pht huy kh nng mang
ti th p lc vch hang ln lp l:
PSC = 0,282 Mpa
- M p lc vch hang ln nht l: Pa, max = 1,23 Mpa
- Nh vy, ti thi im lp btng phun pht huy tc dng th p
0, 282
lc ng hang chim 1, 23 100 23 % p lc ln nht ln vch
hang o.
- Do lp btng phun c kh nng bin dng cng vi vch hang
o nn p lc ln lp s gim.
- Gi thit n khi kt cu chng ln 2 l lp v btng pht huy
kh nng chng th p lc vch hang cn khong 40% p lc
ln nht, tc l:
PaC 30% Pa ,max 0,30 1, 23 0.369 Mpa.
- Ta tnh ton cho lp v btng nh l mt lp th 2, sau lp

btng phun v chu p lc PaC truyn t lp btng phun ln. Khi
, ta s tnh ton theo bn knh ngoi, v bn knh trong quy i
ca lp v btng:
Rng = R0 - h = 4.97 2 0,05 - 0.005= 4.917 m.

B MN CU HM
Rtr = Rng - t = 4.917 0,30 = 4.617 m

hct = 0.5cm = 0,005m chiu dy lp chng thm.
2.2. Xc dnh thi im lp v btng bt u tham gia chu lc:
c) Xy dng ng thng bin dng ca lp v btng
v cng v t > 0,04Rng , tht vy:
+ Chiu dy lp v b tng theo la chn l: t = 35cm =
0,30m.
+ 0,04xRng = 0,04*4,972= 0,199m < t =0,30
E c R ng2 Rtr2
Kc

R ng (1 c ) 1 2 c R ng2 Rtr2
Trong :
c - H s n hng ca btng v hm, c 0,2
Ec - Muyn n hi ca btng v hm, Mpa

E c 0,043 1,5 f c 0,043 (2500)1,5 30 29440,087 Mpa
2500kg / m3 - Khi lng ring ca BT
f c 30 Mpa - Cng chu nn n trc ca btng v
hm.
Ta c:
29440, 087 (4.917 2 4.617 2 )
Kc
4.917 (1 0, 2) 1 2 0, 2 4.917 2 4.617 2
Kc 597,481
tg c K c 597,481
Ta c: c 89o 5414
Da vo ng cong quan h P i Ui , t Pac dng thng sang ta c
im B l im giao ct vi ng cong. T B k mt ng thng to vi

B MN CU HM
trc bin dng UR mt gc c ta s c ng thng bin dng ca v

btng. Dng ng tng qut nh sau:
Pa
(Mpa)
1.383 1.383
0.100
0.432
0.4
0.35
B
0.3
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.1
0 0.456 0.877 1.00
UOmax=1.215
UR(mm)
d) Xc nh chuyn v ca vch hang khi lp v btng bt u pht
huy kh nng mang ti:
Chuyn v ca vch hang, tng ng vi im B, s l:
1 sin
1 z c cot sin
U RB R0 z sin c cos 1 sin
E p ac c cot
1 0,643
1 0,3 4,909 0,3 1,192
0,643
U B 4,972 4, 090 0, 643 0,35 0, 766 1 0, 643
0,369 0, 2 1,192
R
39811
U RB 0,00071676m = 0.71676mm
Da vo ng thng bin dng ca lp v btng ta xc nh c

chuyn v ca vch hang khi p lc ln lp v BT = 0, cng l thi im lp
v BT bt u pht huy kh nng mang ti:

B MN CU HM
PaC PC 0.477
U RB U 0B a 0,00080mm
tg c K c 597, 481
U 0B 0.71676 - 0,00080 = 0.71596 mm

Kt lun:
c bng cc thit b trc c, so snh vi U 0B , t a ra c
thi im btng lp v hp l, sao cho gi tr chuyn v o c ( c
tnh n thi gian btng ninh kt) gn vi gi tr U 0B nht, v thi im
sau khi ninh kt ca btng c coi l thi im lp ny bt u pht
huy kh nng mang ti. Lm nh vy th p lc vch hang tc dng ln
v btng trong qu trnh chu ti s gn vi gi tr gi thit nht l
30% P .
a , max
3.4.KIM TON LP BTNG PHUN V V BTNG

3.1. Kim ton v chuyn v ca lp btng phun:
iu kin kim ton: U sc U
Trong :
Usc - Chuyn dch ca lp v btng phun, xc nh theo cng thc:
U sc

Psc 1 sc2
E sc h
Trong :
Psc - Sc khng ca lp v btng phun, Psc = 0,2820 Mpa

E sc 0,043 1,5 f sc 0,043 (2500)1,5 28 28441,827 Mpa
Ta c:

B MN CU HM
Psc 1 sc2 0, 282 (1 0, 22 )

U SC 0,19109.10-3 m
Esc h 28441,827 0, 05
Usc = 0,191mm
U - Chuyn dch ca vch hang t thi im lp btng phun bt
u tham gia chu lc n thi im lp v btng tham gia chu
lc.
U U 0B U 0C 0.74668 - 0.71676 = 0.0307 mm
Nhn xt:
U sc 0,191mm U 0, 0307 mm , do iu kin v chuyn v lp
btng phun tho mn, hay :
Chiu dy lp BTP mng c th cng bin dng cng vi
vch hang, ph hp vi gi tr p lc vch hang tc dng ln v btng
l 30%Pa,max m ngi thit k a ra
3.2. Kim ton v cng ca lp v btng:
iu kin kim ton: Pv 0 PaC 30% Pa ,max

Trong :
Pv0 - Sc khng ca lp v btng, xc nh theo cng thc:
2
Rng Rtr2
Pv 0 fC
2
Rng Rtr2
Trong :
Rng - Bn knh qui i ca mt trong ng hang
Rng = R0 - h = 5.022 0,05 0,005 = 4.917 m.
Rtr - Bn knh qui i ca khun hm
Rtr = Rng - t = 4.917 0,35 = 4.617 m
fc - Cng nn n trc ca btng v hm chn b tng
mc 300, fc = 30 Mpa

B MN CU HM
Ta c:
Rng2 Rtr2 4,917 2 4.617 2
Pv 0 2 fC 30 =1,886 Mpa.
Rng Rtr2 4,917 2 4.617 2
PaC - p lc vch hang tc dng ln v btng trong qu trnh chu
lc.
PaC 30% Pa ,max 0,369 Mpa
Nhn xt:
Pv 0 1,886Mpa PcC 0,369MPa
Do iu kin v cng btng v hm tho mn.
4.4.TNH TON NEO

4.1. Tnh ton kh nng chu lc ca mt neo:
c) Theo lc dnh bm : s a .l a .
Trong :
d - ng knh neo, ta s dng loi neo n Swellex c
ng knh lm vic l: d = 41mm = 0,041m
la - Chiu di phn neo ngm vo nn, nm ngoi bn knh
do. Chiu di ny c xc nh nh sau:
l a l neo ( R Pneo R0 )
Trong :
lneo - L chiu di neo, theo la chn, lneo = 2,0m
RPneo- L bn knh vng do ti thi im cm neo, ta c:
1
2 z 1 qu 1
R Pneo R0 camneo
1 pa 1 qu
Pacamneo L p lc ng hang ti thi im cm
neo. Nh ta bit, p lc ng hang ti thi
im lp BTP bt u pht huy kh nng mang ti
l 23,%Pa,max, cn ti ti im lp v BT bt u
B MN CU HM
mang ti l 30%Pa,max . Thi im cm neo, l thi

im lp BTP bin dng c cng vi vch
hang, v gii phng c thm mt phn p lc
nht nh. Ta chn:
Pacamneo = 40% Pa,max = 0,40*1,23 = 0,492
MPa
1
2 4, 090.(4, 6 1) 1.502 4,6 1

RPneo 4,972 5.854
1 4, 6 0, 492. 4, 6 1 1.502
m
R Pneo 5.854 m
Ta c:
la = 2,0 - ( 5.854 4,972) = 1,119m
- Cng dnh bm ca neo vi nn, v loi trong
n ny l trung bnh, ta c: 200 KN/m
Cui cng ta c:
Sa = 1.119*200 = 279,63KN
Ch : Thi im cm neo c xc nh nh sau:

- Tnh chuyn v vch hang ti thi im cm neo:
1 sin
U camneo
R0
1 z c cot
sin c cos 1 sin camneo
sin
R z
E pa c cot
U Rcamneo 0,65204 mm
Trong qu trnh thi cng, cn c vo cc gi tr chuyn v o c

bng cc thit b trc c, so snh vi U Rcamneo , t a ra c thi
im cm neo hp l, sao cho gi tr chuyn v o c gn vi gi tr

B MN CU HM
U Rcamneo nht, v neo pht huy kh nng mang ti ngay sau khi cm. Lm
nh vy th p lc vch hang tc dng ln neo trong qu trnh chu ti
s gn vi gi tr gi thit nht l 40% P . a , max
(d ng
2
d tr2 )
d) Theo vt liu : sa fa
4
Trong :
fa - Cng chu ko t ca thp lm neo, chn loi thp
cng cao, c: fa = 3000Mpa = 3000000 KN/m2
dng ; dtr - ng knh ngoi v ng knh trong ca v thp
neo n Swellex, ta c:
dng = 41mm = 0,041m
dtr = dng = 41 2 =39mm = 0,039 m
- L chiu dy v thp ca neo n, = 2mm
3,14 (0, 0412 0, 0392 )
Ta c: s a 3, 0.106 = 376.800 KN
4
Kt lun:
S a Min S adinhbam ; S avatlieu 279.630 KN
4.2. Tnh ton sc khng ca neo

Cng thc:
Sa
Pneo
ab
Trong :
a- Bc neo theo mt ct ngang hm, theo la chn: a = 0,6 m
b- Bc neo theo chiu dc hm, la chn: b = 0,6m
Ta c:
279, 630
Pneo 776,751kN/m2 = 0,777Mpa
0, 6 0, 6
Nhn xt: Pneo 0, 777 Mpa Pa 0, 492Mpa

camneo
Kt ln: Neo kh nng chu lc

B MN CU HM
CHNG II TNH TON THIT K THNG GI
2.1 Phn tch cc thnh phn kh thi c hi trong hm trong giai on

khai thc:
Thng gi l bin php nhm lm lu thng khng kh gia mt
khng gian b bao kn vi mi trng bn ngoi, lm cho khng gian bn
trong thong mt khng gy nh hng xu n iu kin s dng.
Mi cng trnh ngm u c yu cu v thng gi, c bit l ng
hm l mt cng trnh c nhiu ngi bn trong v thng xuyn b
nhim bi h thng kh thi, nn h thng thng gi cn c quan tm b
tr.
Nhim v ca h thng thng gi trong ng hm l :
+ Lm lu thng v thay i khng kh trong hm chng ngng
ng hi nc v gim nng kh c thot ra t tng nham
thch.
do nhng phng tin giao thng trong hm thi ra nh: CO,
CO2, NO2, H2S, b hng xung mc cho php.
+ Lc sch bi khi, lm khng kh trong lnh, m bo tm

nhn, an ton chy xe.
Mc ch ca vic thng gi:
+ m bo iu kin lao ng bnh thng cho ngi lao ng v
lm vic trong hm khi cn sa cha, duy tu bo dng. Duy tr
B MN CU HM
mi trng trong lnh d chu cho hnh khch i trong hm v

mi trng an ton cho li xe.
+ m bo iu kin an ton trong khai thc, chng chy n.

vi vch hang trn.
+ m bo m cho php i vi ng st.
Cc phng tin giao thng qua hm ng b bao gm hai nhm:

chy bng n c xng v chy bng ng c du, trong a s cc xe ch
khch chy bng ng c xng, cn xe ti chy bng c hai ng c.
Thnh phn chnh trong kh thi ng c xng v ng c chy du
bao gm cacbon monoxide (CO), cacbonic (CO2), sunfur dioxide (SO2), Oxit
nito (NO), N2O3.
CO l cht kh khng mi, gy ng c, khi ht phi kh CO cht ny
i vo c th v nhim vo mu kt hp vi hng cu tr thnh
cacboxyhemoglobin (COHb) l mt cht bn vng, hp thu ln oxy gy tr
ngi cho vic trao i oxy gia hng cu v cc t bo. T l ny t 65% c
th gy t vong.
NO khng mu c mi nhit cao, cht ny hp th mnh vi
hng cu lm cho mu thiu oxy.
NO2 l cht kh nguy him v n c th kt hp vi nc trong phi
tr thnh acid nitoric, acid ny s ph hy ph nang.
SO2 khng mu, mi hc d oxy ha trong khng kh tr thnh acid
Sunfuric, acid ny phn ng vi cc cht nhim khc to nn cc mui
sulfat gy tc ng c hi n h h hp.

B MN CU HM
Phn ln cc cht kh c hi v mt s bi c kh nng gy n khi

nng chng t n mt gii hn nht nh gi l gii hn chy n.
Bng t l cc cht kh thi do ng c thi ra. Bng 2.1
Thnh phn chnh trong ng c Thnh phn chnh trong khi thi /c
chy xng chy du
TT Tn cht kh Thnh phn TT Tn cht kh Thnh
(%) V phn (%)
V
1 CO 3,0 1 CO 0,1
2 CO2 13,2 2 CO2 9,0
3 NO, NO2 0,06 3 NO, NO2 0,04
4 SO2 0,006 4 SO2 0,02
5 Aldehyde 0,004 5 Aldehyde 0,002
6 Formaldehyde 0,0007 6 Formaldehyde 0,0011
Khi khng kh trong hm b nhim bi cc cht kh m nng t

n gii hn gy n nu c tia la pht sinh s b kch n v gy chy trong
hm.
Kh thi ca ng c cn gy mi kh chu trong hm, l mi kht
hc gy mi mt v chong sc cho con ngi .
Khi bi l do hi nc, b hng trong thnh phn kh thi v cc
htaj bi nh cun theo xe c vo hm. Khi bi l nhng ht vt cht hu c
v v c c kch thc nh ln vo trong khng kh:
+ Cc ht c kch thc >10 gi l bi.
+ Nhng ht c kch thc 10 0,1 gi l my m.
+ Nhng ht kch thc < 0,1 gi l khi chuyn ng l lng

trong khng kh.

B MN CU HM
Nhng ht <10 c th lt su vo trong kh v phi dy tc hi n

c quan h hp v sc khe con ngi, khi bi cn lm gim tm nhn ca
li xe trong hm.
Bng nng tham kho kh c hi trong hm ng b: bng
2.2
Tn cht kh Nng cho php (g/m3)
Oxit cc bon CO. 0,02
Dioxit ni t NO2 0,005
Dioxit sunfua SO2. 0,02
Sunfur hidro H2S. 0,01
M tan CH4. 0,002
Cc bo nc CO2. 5,0
Bng 2.3
Nng cho php
Tn cht kh Nng ti hn (ppm)
(ppm)
Oxt cc bon CO 50 75
Oxit nitoric NO 25 37,5
Dioxit nito NO2 5 5
ppm n v tnh ca cc nc phng ty v m tnh theo 1m 3 khng

kh
22,4.10 3. y
ppm =
Trong :
22,4 l th tch (m3) ca mt lng kh bt k nhit 00C v
760mm Hg.
y nng tnh = g/m3

B MN CU HM
- trng lng phn t ca cht kh.
2.2 xc nh lu lng gi sch cn cung cp:

p ng c cc mc ch thng gi phi cung cp vo trong
ng hm mt lng khng kh sch vi mt lu lng l Q (m 3/h) sau
mt thi gian t nht nh nhng cht c hi gim xung mc cho php.
Gi thit ban u : lu lng xe l 2500xe/h
Trong : xe khch ln, xe ti l 30% = 750xe
Xe ti hng trung l 40% = 1000xe
Cn li l xe con l 30% = 750xe
Xe khch ln v xe ti chy bng du diezel, xe ti hng trung v xe
con chy bng ng c xng.
Quy i ton b xe qua hm trong 1h v xe con quy i tnh ton
v ly ch tiu tiu tn nhin liu ca xe con quy i lm xe tnh ton. Gi
thit cho t l xe chy bng ng c xng v du l 70% v 30%.
2.2.1 Xc nh lng cht kh c hi:
i vi hm ng b lng kh thi do mt xe t x trong mt gi
xc nh theo cng thc:
gi = (1 14,9. ) q i = (kg/h)
Trong :
+ - l h s k n lng khng kh d trong nhin liu
ca ng c: ng c xng: 0,85 0,9 chn = 0,9
ng c Diezel : c ti 2 3 ; khng ti
1,8
Chn ng c iezel c ti = 3,0

+ qi ch tiu nhin liu ca ng c t (kg/h).

B MN CU HM
La chn ch tiu tiu tn nhin liu ca ng c nh sau qxng =

4,435kg/h v qdu = 1,901kg/h
cao tuyt i cng tng th ch tiu nhin liu ca ng c tng
theo khi hm t cao H = 0,6(km) so vi mc nc bin th
h s k = (1+0,022H) = 1+0,022x0,6 = 1,0132
Vy qxng = 1,0132*4,435 = 4,4937 (kg/h)

qdu =1,0132*1,901 = 1,9259 (kg/h)
Quy i xe v xe con quy i ta c:
Nxcqd = 750*1 + 1000*2,5 + 750*3,0 = 5500 xcqd/nd
on xe trong hm gm n = 5500xcqd/nd = 229xcqd/h theo 1 chiu
vn tc v = 60 (km/h), th trn 1 km hm s x ra mt lng kh thi l:
G= v

n ()
A mi g i A ( ) mi g i
() ()
(kg/h)
Trong :
A(+) t l s xe ln dc v A(-) t l xe xung dc
trong tng s xe ( A(+) + A(-) = 1). Ly A(+) = 0,5, A(-) =
0,5
mi t l tng loi xe trong on xe chy theo mt
hng dc m1 = 0,7 v m2 = 0,3
g(+),g(-)- lng kh thi do tng loi xe trong mi
hng x ra xc nh theo cng thc:
gi = (1 14,9. ) q i = (kg/h)
g(+) lng kh thi do xe ln dc x ra:
Do ng c xng:
g(+) = (1 14,9 0,9) 4, 4, 4937 64, 7549( kg / h)
Do ng c du:
B MN CU HM
g(+) = (1 14,9 3) 1,9259 88, 0132( kg / h)

g(-) lng kh thi do xe xung dc thi ra:
Do ng c xng:
g(+) = (1 14,9 0,9) 4, 4, 4937 64, 7549( kg / h)
Do ng c du:
g(+) = (1 14,9 3) 1,9259 88, 0132( kg / h)
229
0,5 0, 7 64,7549 0,3 88,0132 0,5 0,7 64, 7549 0,3 88,0132 273,7785 (k
60
g/h)
Bit c lng kh thi da vo thnh phn ( tnh bn phn trm) ca
tng loi kh c hi c trong kh thi ra ca ng c xe ta xc nh c
lng ca tng loi xe x ra trong mt gi.
s dng c bng t l cc cht kh thi do ng c thi ra bng
2.1 trc tin cn phi i G kg ra V (m3) :
G
V=
* 22,4 (m3)
273, 7785
V= * 22, 4 182, 519m3 l
33, 6
Trong V = 182,519 (m3) cht kh thi xc nh thnh phn tng cht

theo th tch t l ly theo bng thnh phn cc kh thi bng 2.1., Vi = %V.
Sau i ngc th tch tng cht kh c hi sang khi lng tnh bng
gam.
V
Bi = 22i,4 1000 (g)
Theo thnh phn cc kh trong ng c xng v ta c:

B MN CU HM
28
Vco 0, 03 182519 4562,9752 g
22, 4
42
Vco2 0,132 182519 30115, 6365 g
22, 4
46
VNO 0, 0006 182519 149,9263 g
22, 4
64
VSO 2 0, 00006 182519 20,859 g
22, 4
Theo thnh phn cc kh trong ng c du v ta c:

28
Vco 0, 001182519 152, 099 g
22, 4
42
Vco2 0, 09 182519 20533,388 g
22, 4
46
VNO 0, 0004 182519 99,9591g
22, 4
64
VSO 2 0, 0002 182519 69,5311g
22, 4
2.2.2 Xc nh lu lng khng kh sch:

Coi ng hm nh mt ng kn, khng xt hiu ng khuch tn kh
c hai pha ca hm, nng kh c hi bng t s gia lng kh c
trn lng kh sch
Bi
Ck,i = Q
Lu lng khng kh sch cn thit thi qua ng hm h nng

kh c xung tr s cho php theo bng 2.2 l:

B MN CU HM
Bi
Q= C L (m3/h)
ki
Trong : L l chiu di ng hm tnh bng km (v Bi xc

nh trn 1km ng hm). L = 1,26km.
Q=
4562,975 152, 099 30115, 6365 20533,388 149,9263 99,9509 20,8593 69,5311
1, 26
0, 02 5 0, 005 0, 02
Q = 384171,4865 (m3/h)
2.3 Xc nh cc thng s theo s thng gi:

Do chiu di hm ln hn 1000 m nn phi s dng s thng gi
nhn to y em s dng s qut tip sc kt hp ging ng
Thng gi nhn to l s dng cc thit b qut gi a lung khng
kh sch vo trong hm hoc ht kh thi b nhim ra khi hm, gim nng
cc cht c hi xung mc cho php khng gy nh hng n sc
khe con ngi
y trong thit k em s dng s thng gi dc hm.
Thng gi dc hm l bin php thng gi to lung kh thi dc theo
chiu di hm, ly lng hm l ng dn gi chnh. Theo s dc qut
gi c th li dng chiu thi ca lung gi t nhin. Nh vy qut gi s
c b tr cng chiu vi hng xe chy.
Lc y ca qut gi phi ln mi y c khng kh i xa v b
p cc tn tht dc ng v vy thit b qut to ra lung kh thi vi tc
cao tuy vy tc ny khng c vt qu 5m/s m bo an ton.
Do vy vi tc cho php chiu di ti a c th y lung khng kh
thi dc hm l:

B MN CU HM
Q
Lmax = 3600 A v =269,456 (m)
g
Trong :
Q lu lng tnh ton (m3/h). Q = 384171,4865 (m3/h)
A din tch tit din hm (m2). = 79,207m2
Vg tc gi thi cho php (m/s). Vg = 5m/s
H thng qut thng gi b tr theo s qut tip sc l dng qut
treo dc theo trn hm tng nhm hai n 3 chic ni tip nhau theo mt
khong cch sao cho mi nhm cung cp lu lng khng kh sch lm
trung ha kh c hi n nng cho php ca on hm coi khng gian
hm nh mt ng ng dn kh. Khong cch ny ly trong khong d = (24
26)R = 25*5,022 = 125,55m, trong R l bn knh thy lc ca tit din
ng hm. chiu di ti a b tr cc qut tip sc khng vt qu 1km. S
qut tip sc ny c u im l u t ban u r, chi ph khai thc tit
kim v c th iu tit tng nhm qut vn hnh hay khng vn hnh ty
thuc vo mc nhim trong mi on hm.
2.4 Chn thit b qut gi:
Vic la chn thit b qut gi l rt quan trng, vic xc nh ny da
vo cng sut my qut ca trm cp gi
Q.H
N = k . 102.
1
Trong :
Chn k = 1,1.
L
v 2 . ( )
H p sut gi = 4R =
2

B MN CU HM

- h s nhm.
dng ng
Thay s ta c kt qu nh sau:
Q.H
N = k . 102.
1
PHN IV:
THIT K THI CNG
CHNG I - BIN PHP THI CNG CH O.

1.1. iu kin thi cng v cn c la chn bin php o ng
hang.
Khi tin hnh thit k v t chc thi cng phi tun theo nhng quy
tc sau:
cng.
trong nh my.
- H gi thnh.

B MN CU HM
1.2. Bin php khai o ng hang.

T s liu kho st a cht, t c fkp= 6-8 vic dng khoan n.
1.3. Bin php o ng hang.

Vi vng c fkp=6-8 ,din tch tip din ln nn ta chn phng
n o bng khoan n, phng php o chia bc .
Vi phng php o ton tit din, gng o c m mt ln
trn ton tit din ngang hm, dng v chng tm ri xy v hm vnh
cu.Phng php ny thng p dng trong n nh c cng f k
4 i vi nhng hm c tit din ngang 120 m2.
Ni dung ca phng php khoan n (m ton tit din) :
- nh du cc n khoan trn gng o
- t thit b v tin hnh khoan.
- Lp thuc n vo cc l khoan v n.
- Thng gi gng o.
- Kim tra gng o sau khi n v a gng v trng
thi an ton.
Phng php m tit din c xc nh trn c s cc iu
kin a cht cng trnh dc theo tuyn ca cng trnh v din tch tit
din ngang.
Bng thc t xy dng hm ngi ta kin ngh 5 phng php
chnh m tit din hm:
Phng php o ton tit din.
Phng php bc thang.
Phng php vm trc.
Phng php nhn .
B MN CU HM
Phng php phn mnh o ton tit din.

Phm vi p dng ca tng phng php c tng kt trong bng sau:
Phng php Kch thc Chiu di kin ngh ca hm c trng a
thi cng tit din hm v trnh t thi cng dc theo cht cng trnh
hm
Phng php Chiu cao Chiu di hm khng hn cng, h s
o ton tit nh hn 10m ch. b tng v(2) chm cng fk 4
din (h.1.1a) sau gng(1) hoc sau khi
o xong ton hm
Phng php Chiu cao ln Chiu di hm khng hn cng, h s
bc thang hn 10m ch. b tng vm (2) sau cng fk 4
(h.1.1b) khi o (1) hoc kt thc
phn o
Chiu cao o bc (3) sau khi kt thc cng,
nh hn 10m b tng vm (2) fk =2 4
Phng php Chiu cao v Chiu di hm khng ln cng v
vm trc rng ln hn hn 300m o cc b phn khng cng
tng sau 5 m dc theo hm cch nhau 1 fk =1 4 c kh
(h1.1c) -3 t, mi t 6,5m. Tng nng tip nhn p
o so le. lc ca chn vm
Phng php Chiu cao v Chiu di hm khng ln t khng c kh
nhn rng ln hn hn 300 m, cc hang dn nng tip nhn p
(h.1.1d) 8m bn (2,4,6,8) o ngay trn lc ca chn vm
sut chiu di hm. o
phn trn ca tit din (10)
theo chiu di hm c
tin hnh vi khong cch 2

B MN CU HM
- 3 t theo chiu di hm
Phng php Chiu cao v Cc hm chiu di khng t st khng

phn mnh rngg lns ln hn (10 - 30m). o tit bo ho nc v
o ton tit hn 5 m din v b tng v tin st, khi c p
din (h.1.1. e) hnh tng on dc theo lc bn, khi
chiu di hm khng ln hn khng th p
mt t. Chng bng g dng c
trong qu trnh o tng phng php
phn ca tit din. vm trc tng
sau.
Vi kch thc hm ; fkp = 6.,H = 8.72 m, B = 11.93 m. Chiu

di ton hm Lh = 1260 m, v B=11.74m, H=8.65m vi fkp=8.
Chn phng php o phn bc.

B MN CU HM
3
1
1 4 2
1
2 8
3 9 5 6 7
a) o ton tit b) o bc thang c) o vm tr c t ng sau

din
11
1 2
3
10 2
9 7 4
8 6
5
5 4 2 3 6 6
1
d) Phn mnh o ton d) PP nhn
tit din
Hnh3.2 : Trnh t o hm theo cc PP khc nhau

* u im ca cc phng php: Phng php ny cho php c
gii ho hu ht cc khu thi cng, din thi cng rng, tc thi cng
cao.
* Nhc im: Khi gp mt s c no th vic thi cng trn
ton b s b dng li.
Theo phng php o ton tit din, gng o c m mt
ln trn ton tit din ngang hm, dng v chng tm ri xy v hm
vnh cu (h.1.a). Phng php ny thng p dng trong n nh
c cng fk 4 i vi nhng hm c tit din ngang 120 m2.
Trong thc t xy dng hm ngi ta p dng mt s ng bin
tng ca phng php ny:
o ton tit din khng cn chng hoc ch chng n
gin.Trong trng hp ny ngi ta tin hnh o hm theo cch tun
t, tc l khoan v thi khng ng thi.Trong nhng khi
cng, ton khi vi fk = 15 20 khng cn phi chng . Trong khi

B MN CU HM
nt n th dng cc loi v chng nh nh neo kt hp vi li

thp, b tng phun hoc t hp neo + b tng phun ( xem gio trnh
thit k ). Phng php ny cho php tn dng ti a cc thit b thi
cng c cng sut ln, thc hin thi cng theo tin v tc o
hm ln ( 150- 200m/thng i vi hm tit din nh; 100-
150m/thng i vi hm tit din trung bnh v 80-120m thng i
vi hm tit din ln).Phng php o ton tit din c v chng nh
c p dng o phn ln cc hm ph ca t hp cng trnh
ngm thu in Ho Bnh, phn ln tuyn hm Arpa- Xevan
Acmnia, cc hm ph ca thu in Nurek Tatgikstan, v.v
Theo mc tng nt n ca , v chng neo c tng
cng bng cc bn m v hn ct thp gia cc bn m ri phun
mt lp b tng chiu dy 10cm.
Trong nhng trng hp cc gii php trn pht huy hiu qu
khng y , ngi ta thng s dng cc neo vt trc (h 1.b).
Vi gii php ny, theo chu vi hang ngi ta khoan cc l vt trc
vi khong cch 25- 30 cm, chiu su khng nh hn 1,3 ln bc
o vi gc nghing khng ln ( 10o) v pha nc hang. Cc l
khoan c nhi y va ximng ct ri lun vo mt thanh ct thp
ng knh 30 mm. Sau khi n mn nc hang s c bo v bng
li ct dc ca cc neo vt trc ta ln khi nguyn ca
gng. Di s bo v ca li ct thp ny ngi ta t cc neo theo
phng bn knh, khi cn thit phun thm lp b tng. Chu k tip
theo c lp li. H neo chng nh vy c s dng thi cng
mt s on hm ca thu in Ho Bnh, hm Arpa - Xevan
Acmnia, hm giao thng ca thu in Nurek Tatgikstan,v.v.

B MN CU HM
Trnh t thi cng:theo phng php chia bc nh sau

+Thi cng gng trn trc,sau khi xong thi cng gng di
+sau b tng v hm ,hon thin

B MN CU HM

B MN CU HM
1.4. Bin php chng ng hang.

Vi a cht c mt phn l a cht c h s cng f kp=6 do a
cht ny nt n nhiu ln chng tm s dng btng phun,v neo l hiu
qu hn. Vi fkp=8 s dng chng ng hang l btng phun.
1.5. Thi cng lp chng thm.

Lp chng thm c thi cng theo cc bc sau:
1) Chun b b mt: To b mt khng bng phng v lm nhn.

B MN CU HM
2) Cng lp vi khng dt: Cng lp vi khng dt trn btng

phun vy bng inh, vng m v long en.
3) Tri lp mng chng thm PVC: Dn cc mng ny vo cc
long en bng thit b hn tay.
4) Th kh: Kh nn c thi vo mi hn. vic thng kh u
kia chng t mi hn lin tc.
5) Th nhim chn khng: Th nhim phi c tin hnh vi mt
chic chung chn khng c ni vi bm chn khng bng
h thng dy hi.
6) Sau khi kim tra cc mi ni tin hnh lp t li ct thp vi
cc gi m v long en. Tin hnh thi cng lp che chng ln
hai.
7) Trnh t thi cng:

B MN CU HM
1.6. btng v hm.

Vi bin php chng tm bng BT phun li thp kt hp vi neo tm
nn vic BT v hm s c tin hnh thi im hp l. V hm
c b tng lin khi nh mt vn khun di ng c th thay i
theo tit din gng. S dng my bm b tng, BT c ly t trm
trn b tng lin hp pha ngoi hm nh xe gong chuyn dng tr b
tng
C B
C B

B MN CU HM

B MN CU HM

B MN CU HM
800
1.7. Thi cng cc hm ngang.

Cc hm ngang c thi cng khi c s m rng din tch hm
chnh, sau khi m rng hm chnh tin hng o c v quan trc
nhm nh hng thi cng cho hm ngang. ng thi nh gi li a
cht khu vc xc nh phng php thi cng, kt cu hm ngang cho
ph hp vi a cht ca hm. Khi thi cng hm ngang phi tin hnh gia
c on ni hm ngang v hm chnh. Trong n ny em s dng
phng php khoang n ton gng vi lng thuc n va cho hm
ngang. Kt cu v chng c btng phun v neo ngoi ra cn s dng
gia c bng thp cho phn ni.
1.8. Thi cng h thng rng.

Rnh hng c tin hnh thi cng khun rnh trc, cc t rnh
c thi cng lp ghp, sau khi v hm c thi cng xong tin hnh
B MN CU HM
dng xe cu cu cc t rnh vo v tr ca rnh. Trc khi t t rnh

vo tin hnh dn dp cc vi nham ca khun rnh.
Vi cc h thu nc tin hnh ti ch bng cc s dng btng
gia c b mt. H thu nc c b tr 100m mt h thu, c hai bn
ng hm.
Vi rnh thot nc ngm c tin hnh thi cng trc khi tin
hnh btng che chng ln hai. Sau khi lp xong lp chng thm tin
hnh lp ng thot nc ngm. Khi tin hnh thi cng v che chng ln
hai tin hng lp t cc ng nc kim tra ti v hm.
Rnh thot nc ngm c tin hnh thi cng khi chun b lm
mt ng, rng c o khung hm v tin hnh lm sch mt vi
nham, sau btng y ri mi t ng thot nc chnh sau mi
tin hnh lp ng bng . C 50m tin hnh c mt rnh ngang ni hai
rnh thot nc ngm chnh v bn.
1.9. Thi cng ca hm.

Cng tc thi cng ca hm c tin hnh sau khi to cc dc
ca mi taluy ca hm v phun btng gia c cc taluy nhm trnh m
bo cc an ton khi thi cng ca hm. Dn dp sch phn t ca hm
ri tin hnh p vm thp c cng tit din vi hm. Tin hnh c nh
cc khung thp bng bo ti ct, sau tin hnh nh v v tr cc l mn
trn gng, tin hnh n ph. Khung thp c a su vo trong hm
khong 2m.
Phn o bt taluy dng khoan n do t c cng tng i
cao, khi thi cng phn ca hm s theo trnh t sau:

B MN CU HM
1. O BC ? T T? O
MI TALUY C? A H? M
-S? d?ng my ton d?c di?n t? d?nh v? t?o d? cc v? tr h? mng.
-Dng my do CAT 330C do b? l?p d?t m?t d?n n?n d c?ng.
-K?t h?p v?i khoan n? ph d t?o mi taluy, c?a h?m.
-Dng my do xc d?t ln xe KaMaz chuy?n ra bi th?i.
-o ph t?o mi taluy d?n du ti?n hnh khoan gia c? d?n d.
Ph?n d do b?
My do CAT 330C
2. THI CNG R? I LU? I THP
-S? d?ng sn nng c?a my khoan v d gio xy d? ng l?p d?t

lu?i thp.
-Dng dinh ghim lu?i D16 p st lu?i vo m?t d.
-K?t h?p v?i khoan n? ph d t?o mi taluy, c? a h?m.
My khoan Boomer-352
My bom btng
3. THI CNG PHUN BTNG

GIA C? MI TALUY
-V? sinh s?ch s? mi b?ng phun nu?c.
-Phun btng mi nh?ng v? tr d r?i lu?i.
My v?n chuy?n Btng My khoan Boomer-352

My bom Btng

B MN CU HM
4. THI CNG M? C? A H? M (1)
-Dng my ton d?c di?n t? xc d?nh tim

h?m v chu vi v? h?m, du?ng bin d? b?t
d?u do h?m).
My khoan Boomer-352
5. THI CNG M? C? A H? M (2)

-Dng my do ti?n hnh do ph?n h?m.
-o ph?n vm tru?c, b?c xc v d?ng khung vom.
-Nh?ng ch? khng s? d?ng du?c my do ph?i do b?ng tay.
-Dng my do b?c xc ln t ch? ra bi th?i.
Tn l n sng
dy 1mm
V thp ch? I
Xe hm My do CAT 330C

B MN CU HM
1.10. Trnh t cng ngh.
Chun bthi cng
Xc nh Sa li ph ng n thi cng
Khi cn che chng ph ng php thi cng
tr c hoc ci to
a tng tr c ili ph ng n o
o
iu ho th t
o c iu chnh ng
gimst, khng ch Che chng ln u
C ph h p
v i tiu chun qun l
khng
Tng cch li phng n c
Che chng ln hai
Hon cng
CHNG II - THIT K THI CNG CHI TIT V TNH

TON CNG NGH.
2.1. Dng ng cong quan h p lc - bin dng theo tin o,
bin php quan trc hi t.2.1 Dng ng cong quan h p lc
- bin dng theo tin o, bin php quan trc hi t.
2.1.1.Mc ch ca cng tc trc c hin trng

B MN CU HM
Cc cng tc o c v quan st hin trng v cc c trng ca t

cng nh cc bin i ca kt cu chng l mt c im bn trong
khng th thiu ca phng php NATM. Cng tc ny m bo an ton cho
cng tc xy dng. Cc thng s ca kt cu chng c tnh ton trc
c th c kim tra so snh v nu cn thit c th c iu chnh li cho
ph hp vi nhng kt qu o c thu c. Cng tc o c hin trng
khng ch cho php ti u c cc kha cnh xy dng m cn cung cp
nhng nh gi v iu kin c hc ca t .
Mc ch ca cng tc o c hin trng l: iu khin qu trnh
phn b li ng sut trong t theo hng c li cho cng trnh ngm,
bng cch iu chnh:
- Trnh t xy dng
- Bin php chng gi s b ban u
- Thi gian lp dng kt cu chng sau khi o.
Trng thi ng sut bin dng 3 trc ca t nn c duy tr ngay
khi c th. Nhng st ln, ph hu nguy him cu trc ban u ca khi
phi c khn ch.
Cng tc trc c hin trng cho ta c cc gi tr chuyn v ca
vch hang o v mt gng o. Da vo ng cong Fenner Patcher
tin hnh cc iu chnh trn. y cng chnh l nguyn l c bn ca
phng php NATM
Pi/Po
II
ung c tnh lm
100
vic ca t
90
80
70
V ng r o ri
60 A ung c tnh lm
50 vic ca kt cu chng gh g m
40
30 B
20
10 I
0
10 RA RB Chuyn vca vch hang o R
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Thi gian n nh khng

chng ca t
Hnh 7 : ng cong Fenner Patcher

ng cong Fenner Patcher c:
- Trc ng pha trn l : T l p lc bin o ln kt cu
chng ( hay l p lc b ng ca kt cu chng tc dng vo
vch hang ) v p lc ban u c gi tr bng ng sut hng
tm ln nht
B MN CU HM
- Trc ngang l : Chuyn dch ca vch hang vo pha trong

ng hang
- Trc ng pha di l: Thi gian t ng vng ca hang
o
Nu a kt cu chng vo ti thi im A th h thng t c
trng thi cn bng khi ti trng tc dng ln kt cu khong 55% ng sut
ban u. Nhng nu a kt cu vo ti thi im B th ti trng ch cn
25% v tng ng vi gi tr nh nht. Bi v, sau thi im s xy ra
vng ro ri gh gm, ti trng tc dng ln kt cu cng tng ln mt cch
nhanh chng. G tr Pi ti thi im B ng vi kh nng mang ti cn c ca
kt cu chng hang o. Gi tr chuyn v ca vch hang ti thi im
gi l hi t ca vch hang o.
Vy hi t ca vch hang o, v thi im tng ng c xc
nh bng cng tc trc c hin trng.
2.1.2.Dng c o chuyn v ca vch hang o
2.1.2.1.My thu bnh o ln ca nh vm v ca mt t
S dng my thu bnh c chnh xc cao, quan trc ln ca
nh vm hoc cc im trn mt t ca hm v tnh hnh bin i ca
chng theo thi gian. Cc gi tr chuyn v thu c l chuyn v tuyt i
ca nh vm, mt t b ln, vm y b tri ln.
2.1.2.2.My o bin dng o chuyn v tng i trn chu vi hm
Cc im trn chu vi ng hm ni chung u dng my o bin
dng o chuyn v giahi im trn phn nh ng thi chuyn v
ca vch hang o.
My o bin dng gm cc b phn sau :
- Thc thp c l
- ng h o vi bch phn
- B phn iu tit lc cng
- B phn ni im o
2.1.2.3.My chuyn v o chuyn v ni b ca vch hang o
Chuyn v ca cc im trong ni b vch hang o khng ch phn
nh mc long ri ca t trong ni b vch hang o, m cn c th
phn nh phm vi long ri to hay nh. My chuyn v c 2 loi : c gii v
dng in, gm c cc thit b sau:
(1) Thit b nh v
(2) Thit b chuyn chuyn v
(3) Thit b c nh ti ming l
(4) ng h bch phn hay ng h s
2.1.2.4 Xc nh din tch gng o v phn chia gng o

B MN CU HM
Din tch gng o l 79,207 m2, phn chia gng o thnh hai phn phn
trn v phn di:
- Phn di cao 3 m v c din tch l S 1 = 35,7 m2, chu vi l P1 =
29,8m.
- Phn trn cao h = 5,72 m c din tch S2 = 43,507m2 v chu vi l
P2 = 25,46 m.
Vi vic chia gng thnh hai phn vic thi cng gp nhiu kh khn
nhng m bo n nh th vic chia gng lm hai l cn thit.
y trong gii hn n em xin trnh by tnh ton v lp h chiu
khoan n, thi cng bc d vn chuyn cho lp a cht c fkp = 6
2.2. Tnh ton lng n v lp h chiu n mn cho gng trn t
c fkp=6
2.2.1. Xc nh cng xut bc d.

Tin hnh bc d t bng my co v Halogen-10
Bng:: Thng s k thut ca my bc xc Haggloader 10HR

STT c tnh k thut n v Gi tr
1 Nng sut k thut m3/h 4,8
2 Kch thc c bn
Di mm 9000
Rng mm 2500
Cao mm 1900
3 Din bc d T do
4 Trng lng T 18
5 Cng sut ng c in tng cng KW 94
Nng sut k thut ca my c tnh theo cng thc:

P = z.n.Vtg (m3/pht)
Trong :
z : l s thanh gt , vi my co v ta c z = 2 thanh
n : s lng bc ca mi thanh gt trong mt pht

B MN CU HM
+ vi t nng n = 20 -:- 25
+ vi nh : n = 30
Trong n ny t c = 2,6T/m3 chn n = 20.
Vtg : khi lng t cho mi bc ca thanh gt (m3)
B.d t .hdd
Vtg c tnh theo cng thc : Vtg (m3)
2
Trong :
B : l chiu rng bn B = 1,5 m
dt : khong cch gia cc qu o ca thanh gt , c th ly
dt = d , vi d l ng tnh ca a ch .
ta c c dt = d = 0,7 m
hd : Chiu cao trung bnh ca lp t c co
vi t cng : hdd = (1,2 1,5).htg
vi t nh : hdd = (0,7 1,0).htg
ta c htg = (1/3 1/4).d (m)
htg = 1/4 .d =1/4*0,7 = 0,175 (m)
hdd = 1,3.htg = 1,3*0,175 = 0,23(m)
1,5 * 0,7 * 0,23
thay s ta c: Vtg 0,12 1 (m3)
2
Nh vy ta c:
P = z.n.Vtg = 2*20*0,12 = 4.84 (m3/pht) = 290,4 (m3/h)
Nng sut khai thc ca my bc d c xc nh theo cng thc :
V
P
.(T1 T2 T3 )
Trong : V: Ton b khi lng t cn dn,
V = lk.S = 0,9.1,15.3.43.507= 135,89 m3.
l h s s dng l khoan, = 0,9;
l h s tha tit din, = 1,15;
S l din tch gng o bc trn, S = 43,507 m2;

B MN CU HM
lk l chiu di trung bnh ca l khoan, l = 3 m;

: H s k n s ngng tr ca my, = 1,12.
T1: Thi gian bc d khi lng chnh,
(1 ).V .k o .k p
T1
Pt
Vi : : Phn t cn dn bng tay, ly bng 10%.

ko : H s ti ca sau khi n, ko = 1.5
kp : H s ti ca khi bc d, kp = 1,12.
Pt : Nng sut k thut ca my bc d, Pt = 4,8m3/pht.
(1 0,1) 135, 089 1,5 1,12
Vy T1 4,84
28,134 (pht).
.V .k o .k p
T2
.Pt
Vi : H s k n s gim nng sut, ph thuc vo mc bng

phng ca nn, coi nn phng th = 0,25.
0,1.135, 089.1,15.1,12
Vy T2 0, 25.4,84
= 12,504(pht).
T3 : Thi gian ngng tr do vn chuyn

V .ko .t2
T3
v .v
Vi: t2 : thi gian dng my do vn chuyn, t2 = 10 pht
: H s y thng xe, = 0,95
v : Th tch thng, v = 10 m3.
135,89.1,15.10
Vy T3 0,95.10
= 142,199 (pht)
135,89
Vy c : P 1,12.(28,134 76412,504 142,199) = 0,66 m3/pht = 39,6 m3/h.

B MN CU HM
2.2.2. Trnh t thi cng khoan n:

nh v tim hm bng my o c in t (bng tia laze), t v
tr ca tim hm tin hnh v bin gng v xc nh v tr cc l
khoan trn gng theo nh bn v thit k bng thc dy.
Khoan cc l khoan trn gng bng my khoan CBY 4.
Np thuc n, gy n, thng gi, cy om: S dng thuc n
Amonit No6. Cng tc np thuc c thc hin bng th cng kt
hp vi dn gio lp ghp.
N mn bng phng php vi sai.
Cy om c thc hin sau khi thng gi gng, s dng
my khoan thc hin cng vic ny c s kt hp ca th cng.
2.2.3. Tnh ton lp biu chu k khoan n gng trn.
2.2.3.1. Din tch v chu vi gng o.

Din tch : S = 43,507m2.
Chu vi : P = 27,56 m.
2.2.3.2. Xc nh l khoan trn gng o.

Cng thc Ibraep: N = N1. S
Trong :
N1 S lng l khoan trn mt n v din tch
f kp a. S
N1 = 41.
b.d b*
d *b - ng knh bao thuc, mm : y db*= 32mm
a H s ph thuc loi ng o v tit din gng,
ng hm o ngang, a = 0,25.
b H s ph thuc vo kh nng sinh cng ca thuc n
Amonit N0 6B, b = 1.-Gio trnh thi cng ngm-tr16-Gs.
Nh Trng
B MN CU HM
6 0, 25. 43,507
Khi : N1 = 41. 1,02 (ci), chn 3ci.
1.32
N = 3x43,597=131 (ci)
Cng thc Protodjaconop (cng thc chnh xc)
1 1
N1 = ( 0,2 f kp
s
)2 = ( 0, 2.6 43,507 )2= 1,555 ( ci)
N = 1,555x43,507= 68 ( ci).
Vic quyt nh s lng l khoan n trn gng c th da
theo cc kt qu tnh ton trn. Tuy nhin nu chn s l khoan
n cng cao th cht lng t n ph ra s cao hn thun tin
cho vic bc d, vn chuyn. ng thi khi s lm tng thi
gian khoan. Theo kinh nghim t cc cng trnh ngm th s lng
l mn trn mt n v din tch thng t 2 3 l. V vy y
em chn s l khoan l : N = 103 ci.
Do gng c tit din gn vung B=11,90m, H=5.72 m, iu
kin t cht, ng nht. Cc l khoan t khu chn dng b
tr dng thp, s lng l khoan t khu l 4 l.
C hai phng php n mn to bin : trc do to bng
phng cao hn phng php n mn to bin sau.
PB
S l khoan vin ly theo cng thc : Nv = 1.
b
Trong :
P - Chu vi gng o, m
B Chiu rng gng o, m
b : Khong cch gia cc l khoan vin, b = 0,6 m.
27,56 11.90
Khi : Nv = 1 27(l). Chn Nv= 28 l
0.6

B MN CU HM
m bo to vin chnh xc ta khoan thm 31 l khoan

khng np thuc xen k gia cc l khoan vin.
S l khoan ph l Np = 103 28 4 = 71 ci.
2.2.3.3. Xc nh tc khoan.
Cng thc tnh : Vk= 0,06 k. l. .
Trong :
l Tc my khoan, mm/pht, s dng my khoan bommer
c l = 1000 mm/pht. (s dng my khoan c tc khoan ln
nhm tng tin thi cng).
k - H s iu chnh. k = A.B.C.D = 2,4.1,1.1.1,1 = 2,9.
- T s gia thi gian khoan trc tip v thi gian khoan
chung,
= 0,6.
Khi : Vk= 0,06.2,9.1000.0,6 = 104,544 m/h.
2.2.3.4. Xc nh chiu di l khoan.

Chiu su l khoan l mt trong nhng yu t c tnh cht
quyt nh thnh phn cc loi cng tc khoan n trong o hm v
n xc nh tt c cc khi lng cc cng tc ch yu, do n l
mt thng s t - chc k tht c bn.
Thc t thi cng cng trnh ngm cho thy rng chiu su l
khoan ph thuc vo tit din gng v loi t ph c chn.
Nu chn t ph vng, chiu su khoan ch yu ph thuc vo
kh nng ca thit b khoan. Cn i vi t ph p th nu chiu
su l khoan nu ln hn 4 m s gy ra gim h s s dng l mn
t ph v nh th c ngha l lm gim h s s dng l mn trn
ton gng. Da trn kinh nghim thng k ca Vin
B MN CU HM
Orgenergostroi v Gidrospesproek ca Lin X c cng nh

cc s liu thc t c st n tnh nng ca cc loi my khoan
hin ti th chiu su l khoan trong hm c tit din b l 2
2,5m, i vi hm tit din ln v trung bnh l 3 4 m.
Chn s b theo cng thc :
Lph= 0,5. S = 0,5. 43,507 = 3,29 (m).
Cng thc tnh chiu di l khoan ph :
N .t 2
Tck ( t1 t 3 t 4 )
l ph n
N* S . .K n ,m.
.
m.V k Pbd
Trong :
TCK Thi gian mt chu k khoan n, t chc 3 ca mt ngy
nn ly
Tck = 8h.
N* - S lng l phi khoan, ci. N* = 103 ci.
N - S lng l c nhi thuc, ci ; N = 103 ci.
t1 Thi gian nh giu l khoan, di chuyn, t thit b, h ;
t1 = 0,6h.
t2 Thi gian nhi thuc cho mt l khoan v n, h; t 2 =
0,04h.
t3 Thi gian thng gi, h; t3 = 0,3h.
t4 Thi gian kim tra v a gng v trng thi an ton,
h; t4 = 0,3h.
n S ngi nhi thuc vo n khoan, n= 8 ngi.
M S my khoan ng thi lm vic trn gng, m = 2
ci.

B MN CU HM
VK Tc khoan, m/h. Vk = 104,554m/h.

- H s s dng l mn, = 0,9.
S Din tch gng, m2, S = 43,507m2.
Kn H s tha tit din, Kn = 1,15.
- H s phn phi lm vic gia khoan v vn chuyn, khi
dng trm khoan ta c = 1.
Pbd- Nng xut bc d, m3/ h, nh tnh ton trn P bd =39,6
m3 /h.
103.0, 04
8( 0, 6 0,5 0,3)
6 3,85m .
Khi : lph = 103 43,507.0,9.1,15

2.104,554 39, 6
Kt hp gi tr tnh ton trn vi kinh nghim em chn chiu

di l khoan ph lph = 3 m.
Chiu di l khoan ph chn: lp = 3m.
Chiu di l khoan t khu: ldk = 1,15.lp = 1,15.3 = 3.5 m.
Chiu di l khoan vin: lv = lp = 3 m.
Kim tra chiu di ln nht ca l khoan t khu:
a max 5,13
ldkmax 7,5m
lk < 40 0
2.sin 2.sin
2 2
Trong :
amax l khong cch ln nht t tm gng n mp gng, a = 5,13
m;
l gc gia cc l khoan t khu, = 400.
Nh vy chiu di l khoan t khu tho mn iu kin ny.

B MN CU HM
2.2.3.5. Xc nh ng knh l khoan.

ng knh ng thuc: d0 = 32 mm.
ng knh cui ca l khoan: dc = d0 + 3 = 32 + 3 = 35 mm.
ng knh u l: dd = dc + 5 = 35 + 5 = 40 mm.
Chn ng knh mi khoan l 40 mm.
2.2.3.6. Xc nh trng lng thuc n.

- Trng lng thuc n ca mt ln n ; Q = q.S.1K
Trong :
1K chiu di trung bnh ca l khoan, m;
l tb
l .N
i i

3,5.4 3.28 3.71
3,019 m
N 103
q tiu tn thuc n n v, kg/m3;
2 2
q 0,3 kkp c.k .e. . 0,3 6 .0,95.(1 0,1. 2.00 3 ).1, 05.1,1.0, 75
S 43,507
0.937kg / m3
Trong :
S : din tch gng o. m2
c : h s ph thuc ng knh thi thuc.
d(mm) 32 36 40 42 45
c 1,1 1,0 0,95 0,92 0,9
k=1 0,1 L k Ltv : h s nh hng chiu su l khoan.
Fkp 1-1,5 2-3 4-6 7-9 10-14 15-20
Ltc 3 2,5 2 1,5
K3 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,75 0,8
e: h s ch tiu nh hng n ph thuc vo loi cht n.
Anmt N06 bt c e= 1,05
:h s ph thuc bin php np thuc =1,1
: h s ph thuc mc nt n ca t .
Mc nt n
B MN CU HM
Lin khi, khng nt n. 1,1-1,15

Khng nt n, nhng phn va 1,0
-hng va vung gc vi hng tim hm. 0,95
- hng va chy song song vi tim hm. 0,9
t nt n 0,85-0,9
Nt n va 0,75-0,85
Nt n mnh
Khi : Q =0,937 x 43,507 x 3,019 = 123,09 kg.
- Trng lng thuc n trung bnh ca mt l khoan
Q 123,09
qtb = 1, 2kg .
N 103
- Trng lng thuc n l khoan t khu.
qdk = 1,25 . qtb = 1,5 kg ; b tr 7 bao thuc loi 200g.
- Trng lng thuc n l khoan ph :
qph = 1,0 . qtb = 1,2 kg ; b tr 6 bao thuc loi 200g.
- Trng lng thuc n l khoan vin.
qv = 0,85 . qtp = 1,02 kg; b tr 5 bao thuc n loi 200g.
S dng thuc n Amnit No6 (32x180 mm, nng 200 g)
Bng 3.7: Thng s k thut ca thuc n Amnit N06(theo [16])
1 Cng n Kcal/kg 850
2 Kh nng n cm3 365
3 Uy lc n mm 14
4 Tc truyn n Km/s 3,64,8
5 Mt thuc g/cm3 1,01,2
6 ng knh ng thuc mm 32
7 Chiu di ng thuc mm 180
8 Trng lng ng thuc g 200

B MN CU HM
- Kim tra thuc n theo mc y.1d Kd.1

Trong :
Kd : H s y ln nht, vi fKp = 6, db = 32mm, lb = 0,18m, ta c;
+ L khoan t khu Kd = 0,7.Trang 12-thi cng hm-GS NH TRNG
+ L khoan ph Kd = 0, 65.
- Chiu di thuc n cho php trong l khoan.
(ldk) = 0,7.3.5 = 2,45 m ;
(lph) = 0,65.3 = 1,95m.
- Chiu di thuc n thc t trong l khoan.
Ldk =7.0,18 = 1,26m < (ldk).
Lph = 6. 0,18 = 1,08m < (lph).
Nh vy tho mn iu kin mc y.
- Tng chi ph thuc n cho mt ln n chnh xc;
Q = qdk.Npk+ qph.Nph + qv.Nv = 1,5.4+ 1,2.71+ 1,02.28 = 119,76kg.
2.2.3.7. Cu to lng n.
B tr theo dng ct, c lng n lm di cng quay v pha
t . B tr kp in vo bnh th hai k t y. Vt liu nt mn
bng st trn ct.
2.1.3.8. Xc nh thi gian khoan v bc d t .

- Thi gian khoan chung:
N .l 103 x3.019
Tk = V .m 104,544.2 1,5h
tb
Trong :
N l s l khoan trn gng, N = 103l;
ltb l chiu di trung bnh ca l khoan, ltb = 3,019 m;
vk l vn tc khoan, vk = 104,544 m/h;

B MN CU HM
m l s cn khoan lm vic trn gng, m = 2
- Thi gian bc d t :
Cng thc tnh ton :
Thi gian bc xc t :
S .. .lk . 43,507.0,9.1,15.3,019.0,9
tbx 3,5h
P 39, 6
(4.14)
Trong :
S l din tch gng o, S = 43,507 m2;
l h s kt hp gia khoan v bc d t , = 0,9;
lk l chiu di trung bnh ca l khoan, l = 3,019m;
P l nng sut bc d t , P = 39,6 m3/h.
2.2.3.9. Lp biu chu k khoan n.

Thi gian ca mt chu k ; Tck = t1 + t2 + t3 + tbd+ tcn + tph + tk
Trong :
t1 : Cng tc chun b (nh du l khoan, di chuyn v t
thit b), t1 = 0,4h.
t2 : Thi gian np thuc v n, t2 = 0,4h.
t3 : Thi gian thng gi, t3 = 0,3h.
tk : Thi gian khoan, tk = 1,5h
tbd :Thi gian bc d , tbd =3,5h
tcn : Thi gian cm neo tcn=0.8h.

B MN CU HM
tbt :Thi gian phun b tng, s dng my phun b tng

ALIVA 500, 9 21 m3/h nn c tbt =0,8h
ttd :Thi gian d phng ttd = 0,3 h
Khi :
Tck = 0,4 + 0,4 + 0,3+1.5+3,5+0,8+0,8 + 0,3 =8 h.
Khong cch an ton: LAT 50m
2.2.3.10. B tr l khoan trn gng o
B tr khoan vin.
Khong cch gia cc l khoan vin l 0,4 0,8m,

vi chu vi p = 24,56 m, b tr 31 l vin vi khong
cch 0,60 m.
Do fkp = 6 nn b tr ui cc l khoan vin nm cch mp tit din
gng mt khong 0,2m.
B tr l khoan t khu
B tr l moi dng thp trung tm. Bn l khoan t khu nghing
vi nhau mt gc 85o v khong cch cc l khoan l 1,0m.
B tr khoan ph.
Cc l khoan ph c b tr u trn gng vi khong cch cc
l khoan ti thiu l 0,6m.
Hnh 2.2 : b tr l mn trn gng o trn

B MN CU HM
a
90 89 88
91 87
92 86
93 85
94 84
95 66 65 64 63 62 83
67 61
96 68 82
31 30 29 60
97 69 32 81
33 28 59
70 34 27 58 80
98 71 35 5 4 3 10 26
36 57
99 72 25 79
37 7 6 8 9 56
73 1 2 24 78
100 55
b 101 74 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 54
77 b
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 76
38 53
102
103 75
a
MT CT a-A
MT CT b-b

B MN CU HM
2.2.3.11. Th t n.
B tr th t n t tm ra vin nh s dung kp in vi sai, th t
n trn gng nh sau:
L khoan t khu (1) l khoan ph (2) L khoan vin
(3)
S dng :
Chn kp n vi sai KVD - 8N ca Vit Nam

Bng 3.8: Thng s k thut ca kp n KVD - 8N

B MN CU HM

1 in tr 23,2
2 Cng dng in mt chiu khi n A 1,2
3 Cng dng in xoay chiu khi n A 2,5
4 Cng dng in an ton A 0,05
5 S kp vi sai 8
6 0, 25, 50, 75, 110,
Thi gian vi sai theo cc s 18 s
150, 200, 250

B MN CU HM
2.3. Tnh ton lng n v lp h chiu n mn cho gng di t

c fkp=6
2.3.1. Xc nh cng xut bc d.
Tin hnh bc d t bng my co v Halogen-10
Bng:: Thng s k thut ca my bc xc Haggloader 10HR

1 Nng sut k thut m3/h 4,8
2 Kch thc c bn
Di mm 9000
Rng mm 2500
Cao mm 1900
3 Din bc d T do
4 Trng lng T 18
5 Cng sut ng c in tng cng KW 94
Nng sut k thut ca my c tnh theo cng thc:

P = z.n.Vtg (m3/pht)
Trong :
z : l s thanh gt , vi my co v ta c z = 2 thanh
n : s lng bc ca mi thanh gt trong mt pht
+ vi t nng n = 20 -:- 25
+ vi nh : n = 30
Trong n ny t c = 2,6T/m3 chn n = 20.
Vtg : khi lng t cho mi bc ca thanh gt (m3)
B.d t .hdd
Vtg c tnh theo cng thc : Vtg (m3)
2
Trong :
B : l chiu rng bn B = 1,5 m
dt : khong cch gia cc qu o ca thanh gt , c th ly

B MN CU HM
dt = d , vi d l ng tnh ca a ch .
ta c c dt = d = 0,7 m
hd : Chiu cao trung bnh ca lp t c co
vi t cng : hdd = (1,2 1,5).htg
vi t nh : hdd = (0,7 1,0).htg
ta c htg = (1/3 1/4).d (m)
htg = 1/4 .d =1/4*0,7 = 0,175 (m)
hdd = 1,3.htg = 1,3*0,175 = 0,23(m)
1,5 * 0,7 * 0,23
thay s ta c: Vtg 0,12 1 (m3)
2
Nh vy ta c:
P = z.n.Vtg = 2*20*0,12 = 4.84 (m3/pht) = 290,4 (m3/h)
Nng sut khai thc ca my bc d c xc nh theo cng thc :
V
P
.(T1 T2 T3 )
Trong : V: Ton b khi lng t cn dn,
V = lk.S = 0,9.1,15.3.35,7= 110,848 m3.
S l din tch gng o bc trn, S = 35,7 m2;
lk l chiu di trung bnh ca l khoan, l = 3 m;
: H s k n s ngng tr ca my, = 1,12.
T1: Thi gian bc d khi lng chnh,
(1 ).V .k o .k p
T1
Pt
Vi : : Phn t cn dn bng tay, ly bng 10%.

ko : H s ti ca sau khi n, ko = 1.5
kp : H s ti ca khi bc d, kp = 1,12.
Pt : Nng sut k thut ca my bc d, Pt = 4,8m3/pht.

B MN CU HM
(1 0,1) 110,848 1,5 1,12

Vy T1 4,84
23,086 (pht).
.V .k o .k p
T2
.Pt
Vi : H s k n s gim nng sut, ph thuc vo mc bng

phng ca nn, coi nn phng th = 0,25.
0,1.110,848.1,15.1,12
Vy T2 0, 25.4,84
= 10,26(pht).
T3 : Thi gian ngng tr do vn chuyn

V .ko .t2
T3
v .v
Vi: t2 : thi gian dng my do vn chuyn, t2 = 10 pht
: H s y thng xe, = 0,95
v : Th tch thng, v = 10 m3.
110,848.1,15.10
Vy T3 0,95.10
= 116,683 (pht)
110,848
Vy c : P 1,12.(23, 086 10, 26 116, 683) = 0,66 m3/pht = 39,6 m3/h.
2.3.2. Trnh t thi cng khoan n:

nh v tim hm bng my o c in t (bng tia laze), t v
tr ca tim hm tin hnh v bin gng v xc nh v tr cc l
khoan trn gng theo nh bn v thit k bng thc dy.
Khoan cc l khoan trn gng bng my khoan bommer.
Np thuc n, gy n, thng gi, cy om: S dng thuc n
Amonit No6. Cng tc np thuc c thc hin bng th cng kt
hp vi dn gio lp ghp.
N mn bng phng php vi sai.

B MN CU HM
Cy om c thc hin sau khi thng gi gng, s dng

my khoan thc hin cng vic ny c s kt hp ca th cng.
2.3.3. Tnh ton lp biu chu k khoan n cho gng di .
2.3.3.1. Din tch v chu vi gng o.

Din tch : S = 35,7m2.
Chu vi : P = 29,8m.
2.3.3.2. Xc nh l khoan trn gng o di.

Cng thc Ibraep: N = N1. S
Trong :
N1 S lng l khoan trn mt n v din tch
f kp a. S
N1 = 41.
b.d b*
d *b - ng knh bao thuc, mm : y db*= 32mm
a H s ph thuc loi ng o v tit din gng,
ng hm o ngang, a = 0,25.
b H s ph thuc vo kh nng sinh cng ca thuc n
Amonit N0 6B, b = 1,0.
6 0, 25. 35, 7
Khi : N1 = 41. 1, 224 (ci), chn 3 ci.
1.32
N = 3x35,7=107 (ci)
Cng thc Protodjaconop (cng thc chnh xc)
1 1
N1 = ( 0,2 f kp
s
)2 = ( 0, 2.6 35, 7 )2= 1,594 ( ci)
N = 1,594x35,7= 151 ( ci).

Vic quyt nh s lng l khoan n trn gng c th da
theo cc kt qu tnh ton trn. Tuy nhin nu chn s l khoan
n cng cao th cht lng t n ph ra s cao hn thun tin

B MN CU HM
cho vic bc d, vn chuyn. ng thi khi s lm tng thi

gian khoan. Theo kinh nghim t cc cng trnh ngm th s lng
l mn trn mt n v din tch thng t 2 3 l. V vy y
em chn s l khoan l : N = 120 ci.
Do gng c tit din gn vung B=11,90m, H=3 m, iu kin
t cht, khng b tr l t khu
C hai phng php n mn to bin : trc do to bng
phng cao hn phng php n mn to bin sau.
PB
S l khoan vin ly theo cng thc : Nv = 41 1.
b
Trong :
P - Chu vi gng o, m
B Chiu rng gng o, m
b : Khong cch gia cc l khoan vin, b = 0,6 m.
29,8 11,9
Khi : Nv = 1 30,8 (ci). Chn Nv= 30 l
0.60
S l khoan ph l Np = 120 30= 90 ci.
2.3.3.3. Xc nh tc khoan.
Cng thc tnh : Vk= 0,06 k. l. .
Trong :
l Tc my khoan, mm/pht, s dng my khoan bommer
c l = 1000 mm/pht. (s dng my khoan c tc khoan ln
nhm tng tin thi cng).
k - H s iu chnh. k = A.B.C.D = 2,4.1,1.1.1,1 = 2,9.
- T s gia thi gian khoan trc tip v thi gian khoan
chung,
= 0,6.

B MN CU HM
Khi : Vk= 0,06.2,9.1700.0,6 = 104,544 m/h.
2.3.3.4. Xc nh chiu di l khoan.

Chiu su l khoan l mt trong nhng yu t c tnh cht
quyt nh thnh phn cc loi cng tc khoan n trong o hm v
n xc nh tt c cc khi lng cc cng tc ch yu, do n l
mt thng s t - chc k tht c bn.
Thc t thi cng cng trnh ngm cho thy rng chiu su l
khoan ph thuc vo tit din gng v loi t ph c chn.
Nu chn t ph vng, chiu su khoan ch yu ph thuc vo
kh nng ca thit b khoan. Cn i vi t ph p th nu chiu
su l khoan nu ln hn 4 m s gy ra gim h s s dng l mn
t ph v nh th c ngha l lm gim h s s dng l mn trn
ton gng. Da trn kinh nghim thng k ca Vin
Orgenergostroi v Gidrospesproek ca Lin X c cng nh
cc s liu thc t c st n tnh nng ca cc loi my khoan
hin ti th chiu su l khoan trong hm c tit din b l 2
2,5m, i vi hm tit din ln v trung bnh l 3 4 m.
Chn s b theo cng thc :
Lph= 0,5. S = 0,5. 35, 7 = 2,98(m).
Cng thc tnh chiu di l khoan ph :
N .t 2
Tck ( t1 t 3 t 4 )
l ph n
N* S . .K n ,m.
.
m.V k Pbd
Trong :
TCK Thi gian mt chu k khoan n, t chc 3 ca mt ngy
nn ly

B MN CU HM
Tck = 8h.
N* - S lng l phi khoan, ci. N* = 120 ci.
N - S lng l c nhi thuc, ci ; N = 120 ci.
t1 Thi gian nh giu l khoan, di chuyn, t thit b, h ;
t1 = 0,6h.
t2 Thi gian nhi thuc cho mt l khoan v n, h; t 2 =
0,04h.
t3 Thi gian thng gi, h; t3 = 0,5h.
t4 Thi gian kim tra v a gng v trng thi an ton,
h; t4 = 0,3h.
n S ngi nhi thuc vo n khoan, n= 8 ngi.
M S my khoan ng thi lm vic trn gng, m = 2
ci.
VK Tc khoan, m/h. Vk = 104,554m/h.
- H s s dng l mn, = 0,9.
S Din tch gng, m2, S = 35,7m2.
Kn H s tha tit din, Kn = 1,12.
- H s phn phi lm vic gia khoan v vn chuyn, khi
dng trm khoan ta c = 1.
Pbd- Nng xut bc d, m3/ h, nh tnh ton trn P bd =39,6
m3 /h.
120.0, 04
8( 0, 4 0,3 0, 2)
6 3,8m .
Khi : lph = 120 35, 7.0,9.1,12

2.104,554 39, 6
Kt hp gi tr tnh ton trn vi kinh nghim em chn chiu

di l khoan ph lph = 3 m.

B MN CU HM
2.3.3.5. Xc nh ng knh l khoan.

ng knh bao thuc d0 = 32mm.
dc = d0 + 3mm = 35 mm.
db = dc + 5mm = 40 mm
2.3.3.6. Xc nh trng lng thuc n.

- Trng lng thuc n ca mt ln n ; Q = q.S.1K
Trong :
1K chiu di trung bnh ca l khoan, m;
lK 3, 00m
q tiu tn thuc n n v, kg/m3;
2 2
q 0,3 kkp c.k .e. . 0,3 8 .0,95.(1 0,1. 2, 00 3 ).1,18.1,1.0,9
S 35, 7
0,968kg / m3
Trong :
S : din tch gng o. m2
c : h s ph thuc ng knh thi thuc.
d(mm) 32 36 40 42 45
c 1,1 1,0 0,95 0,92 0,9
k=1 0,1 L k Ltv : h s nh hng chiu su l khoan.
Fkp 1-1,5 2-3 4-6 7-9 10-14 15-20
Ltc 3 2,5 2 1,5
K3 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,75 0,8
e: h s ch tiu nh hng n ph thuc vo loi cht n.
Anmt N06 bt c e= 1,18
:h s ph thuc bin php np thuc =1,1
: h s ph thuc mc nt n ca t .
Mc nt n
Lin khi, khng nt n. 1,1-1,15

B MN CU HM
Khng nt n, nhng phn va 1,0

-hng va vung gc vi hng tim hm. 0,95
- hng va chy song song vi tim hm. 0,9
t nt n 0,85-0,9
Nt n va 0,75-0,85
Nt n mnh
Khi : Q =3 x 0,968 x 35,7 = 103,673 kg.
- Trng lng thuc n trung bnh ca mt l khoan
Q 103, 673
qtb = 0,86kg.
N 120
- Trng lng thuc n l khoan ph :
qph = 1,1 . qtb = 0,46 kg ; b tr 4 bao thuc loi 200g.
- Trng lng thuc n l khoan vin.
qv = 0,85 . qtp = 0,731 kg; b tr 4 bao thuc n loi 200g.
- Kim tra thuc n theo mc y.1d Kd.1
Trong :
Kd : H s y ln nht, vi fKp = 6, db = 32mm, lb = 0,18m, ta c;
+ L khoan t khu Kd = 0,7.
+ L khoan ph Kd = 0, 65.
- Chiu di thuc n cho php trong l khoan.
(lph) = 0,65.3 = 1,95m.
- Chiu di thuc n thc t trong l khoan.
Lph = 4. 0,18 = 0,72 m < (lph).
Nh vy tho mn iu kin mc y.
- Tng chi ph thuc n cho mt ln n chnh xc;
Q = qph.Nph + qv.Nv = 0,86.90 + 0,731.30 = 99,33 kg.

B MN CU HM
2.3.3.7. Cu to lng n.
B tr theo dng ct, c lng n lm di cng quay v pha
t . B tr kp in vo bnh th hai k t y. Vt liu nt mn
bng st trn ct.
2.1.3.8. Xc nh thi gian khoan v bc d t .

- Thi gian khoan chung:
Tk =
Nl i i

90.3, 0 30.3, 0
1, 7 h
Vk .m 104,544.2
- Thi gian bc d t :
Cng thc tnh ton :
(1 ).V .k o .k p
tbd = 60 (h)
P
Trong :
V : khi lng t cn bc d trong mt chu k sau khi
khoan n vi : V = .lk.S = 1,1.1,05.3,0.35,7
=110,848,18m3
: phn t ca V cn dn bng th cng = 0,1-:-0,15
chn = 0,1
Ko : H s ti ca t sau khi n Ko= 1
Kp : H s ti ph ca t khi bc d K p= 1,1 -:- 1,15
chn Kp= 1,12
Pbd- Nng xut bc d (m3/ h), nh chn my trn ta c
nng sut bc d : Pbd = 55,44 m3 /h.
Thay s ta c :
(1 0,1) *11o,848*1*1,12
tbd = 2,8h (h)
39, 6

B MN CU HM
2.3.3.9. Lp biu chu k khoan n.

Thi gian ca mt chu k ; Tck = t1 + t2 + t3 + t4 + tbd+ tcn + tph + tk
Trong :
t1 : Cng tc chun b (nh du l khoan, di chuyn v t
thit b), t1 = 0,4h.
t2 : Thi gian np thuc v n, t2 = 0,6h.
t3 : Thi gian thng gi, t3 = 0,3h.
tk : Thi gian khoan, tk = 1,7h
tbd :Thi gian bc d , tbd =2,8 h
tcn : Thi gian cm neo tcn=1,0h.
tbt :Thi gian phun b tng, s dng my phun b tng
ALIVA 500, 9 21 m3/h nn c tbt =0,9h
ttd :Thi gian thu dn ttd = 0,3 h
Khi :
Tck = 0,4 + 0,6 + 0,3+ 1,7 +2,8+1+0,9 + 0,3 = 8h.
Khong cch an ton: LAT 50m
2.3.3.10. B tr l khoan trn gng o
B tr khoan vin.
Khong cch gia cc l khoan vin l 0,4 0,8m,

vi chu vi p = 35,7m, b tr 30 l vin vi khong cch
0,6m.
Do fkp = 6 nn b tr ui cc l khoan vin nm cch mp tit din
gng mt khong 0,2 m.
B tr khoan ph.
Cc l khoan ph c b tr u trn gng vi khong cch cc
l khoan ti thiu l 0,6m.
B MN CU HM
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
c 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
1
20
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
21 40
42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
d 41
62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
60
61 80
82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
81 100
102 103 104105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112113 114 115 116 117 118 119
101 120
c
Hnh: b tr l mn trn gng o
MT CT c -c
MT CT d-d

B MN CU HM
2.3.3.11. Th t n.
B tr th t n t tm ra vin nh s dung kp in vi sai, th t
n trn gng nh sau:
l khoan ph (1) L khoan vin (2)
Bng. Th t n.
2.3.3.12. Lp h chiu khoan n.(Xem bng)

B MN CU HM
2.4. Chn thit b khoan v b tr thit b khoan.

S dng 2 my khoan Bomer 352, 2 cn khoan.
My khoan Boomer-352

B MN CU HM
2.5. Chn thit b bc xc vn chuyn, t chc dy chuyn bc xc

vn chuyn t thi.
Gng o c kch thc: chiu cao H =8,85 m, b rng
B=12,32m. V vy c th p dng nhng loi my mc c kch c ln vi
cng sut cao tnh nng lm vic linh hot. S dng my co v
Haggloader 10HR d v gom t , my xc Toro T400d kt hp
vi xe ti Volvo BM- A20C hoc xe ti Ma3 xc v vn chuyn.
my co Haggloader-10hr
vo l vo bm a20c
vo l vo bm
Hnh 3.1 : phng tin bc xc, vn chuyn
2.6. Thit k thnh phn hn hp btng phun v bin php thi cng
btng phun.
Vic phun vy b tng s c thc hin bi my phun vy b
tng chuyn dng (ALIVA 500, 9 21m 3/h). Vwax pht vy s c
trn ti trm trn v c chuyn n bng xe chuyn dng c thng trn
ASIA 6m3, v trn trong thng trn ca my phun vy ALIVA 500.
Thn phn hn hp btng phun.
La chn thnh phn hn hp btng phun c cc ch tiu cng
btng phun trong 28 ngy.

B MN CU HM
Loi cng Chu Chu un Chu Bm cht Dnh kt

. nn (MPa) ct (MPa) vi mt
iu kin (MPAa) (MPa) (MPa)
T l trn
1:4
(XM: ct)
Lng gia cht
3
ninh kt(%)
Thnh phn ct(%) 45%-55%
T l N:XM 0,45-0,55
Tr s cng 25 4 3,7 1,2 2
Trnh t phun b tng:

1) Sau khi a thit b vo trong hm, b mt khi sp
phun s c ra sch bng kh nn v nc. Vic ra sch
s c bt u t phn nc ca ng hm v tip tc
xung phn di. Cng tc ny c thc hin nhm m
bo s lin kt tt nht c th gia v b tng.
2) Cng tc phun b tng s c bt u t v tr thp nht v
phun dn ln pha trn trnh vt liu ri ra khi b mt
b phun ngc tr li b mt.
3) B tng s c phun thnh tng lp dy 25 mm.
4) Do mi trng m t trong ng hm nn khng cn c
bin php bo dng b tng c bit.
5) Ph gia lng (Fosroc-Conplast Sprayset) hoc tng ng
s c thm vo trong hn hp b tng ti u vi phun v
t l liu lng ph gia c iu chnh bi 1 my bm c
bit chnh xc.
6) Nh vy s khng c ri ro t pha khi i vi ngi v
thit b, thp gia c s c thc hin chnh xc nh c
B MN CU HM
quy nh trong h thng li thp gia c. Li thp s c

gn c nh bng th cng ln b mt bng cc inh v
cht do nh xe nng.
7) Sau , li thp s c gi chc chn bng cc a m
ca neo c nh m s c lp t. Thng thng, s c
mt lp b tng phun khng c thp gia c c phun trc
khi lp t lp li thp trong b tng phun.
8) Cc phng th nghim b tng s c s dng th
nghim b tng phun.
2.7. Thi cng neo.

Khi b tng phun gia c t c cng (ph thuc vo loi
ph gia c s dng), tin hnh a my khoan Boomer 532 vo khoan
cc l neo. Neo s c cm do hai cng nhn ph trch, vi s h tr ca
dn gio. Hoc do cng nhn ng trn sn cng tc ca my khoan hoc
my cm neo thi cng.
Trnh t thi cng neo:

B MN CU HM
1) o c v tr cc l khoan trn hm theo phng dc hm v

ngang hm ph hp vi thit k.
2) Khoan l neo: a my khoan vo v tr l tin hnh khoan
l neo.
3) Ra l neo: a my bm vo v tr l neo tin hnh bm
nc ra l neo.
4) Lp neo vo l v tin hnh phun p btng vo neo SN, v
bm nc p lc cao (300MPa) vo neo SWELLEX.
5) Kim tra kh nng chu lc ca neo v tin hnh hon thin
cng tc thi cng neo.

B MN CU HM
2.8. Thit k vn khun v hm.

Vn khun v hm c thit k da vo khun hm, vn khun
c th di ng trn ray di chuyn. Mt khc khun to v c th thay i
kch thc nh cc kch thu lc v cc cht ca vn khun.
2.9. Chn thit b cp va v btng v hm.

Do hm c gia c bng neo kt hp vi b tng phun li thp
nn vic thi cng phn v hm lin khi s c tin hnh cch gng
o 100m.

B MN CU HM
B tng c bng xe bm b tng (60m3/h), tc ca b

tng ph thuc vo vng chc ca cp pha. B tng trn sn s c
chuyn ti bng xe b tng chuyn dng (6m 3) t trm trn b tng gn
ng hm.
Vic b tng s hon thnh trong vng hai gi sau khi sn xut.
B tng v hm s c tin hnh t chn tng hm n nh.
m b tng : s dng m rung (di, bn)
trnh b tng b phn tng, hoc tn tht cht liu, b tng phi
c vi vn tc 1.5m/h, chiu cao ti a l 1.5m, chiu dy tng
l 0.5m.
Cp pha s c tho d khi b tng cng . bo
dng, phi ti nc lin tc cho ti khi bo ho trn ton b b mt
ng, i vi cc mt ngang, phi ph bng cc v bao m bo
m thch hp.
Cp pha s c s dng y l b cp pha c th di chuyn trn
ray, c ch to ti xng c kh t cc thp bn lp ghp. Vn khun
c ch to t cc tm thp bn c tng cng bi cc g thp.
2.10. Thit k thng gi trong ng hm.

Trong thi cng ng hm cn c t l thnh phn khng kh theo
yu cu m bo sc kho cho ngi v nng cao nng sut lao ng.
Thnh phn khng kh theo yu cu :
Lng O2 20%, lng CO2 0,5%, nhit t 25oC.

B MN CU HM
2.10.1. La chn s b s thng gi.

m bo thng gi hiu qu v rt ngn thi gian
thng gi sau khi n mn, s dng s thng gi hn hp.
Hm di L=1260km. S dng thng gi p.
2.10.2. Tnh ton thng gi

Cc yu t u vo bao gm:
S dng ng dn gi ng knh 800mm;
Chiu di on ng dn gi ti a 200m
Tnh lu lng khng kh cn thit cung cp ti gng hm.

Lu lng khng kh cn thit cung cp ti gng hm c
tnh trn c s cc yu t sau:
Theo lng ngi ti a trong hm .
Theo tc khng kh ti thiu dc hang.
Theo lng kh c thi cng trong qua trnh n mn.
Theo lng bi c hi do hn in , do n c t trong

v do c thit b khc.

B MN CU HM
- Theo s ngi lm vic ng thi trong hm:

Cng thc tnh ton :
Q1=qn.N m3/pht
Trong :
qn: l lng cp kh tiu chun cho 1 ngi
theo quy trnh ta c :qn =3 m3/pht
N : l s lng ngi ti a c mt trong hm khi thi
cng N=3 ngi
Vy lng khng kh cn thit:
Q1 = 3x 8 = 24 m3/pht
- Theo tc khng kh ti thiu trong ng hm:
Cng thc tnh ton :
Q1=Vmin.S m3/pht
Trong :
Vmin: l tc gi ti thiu trong hm
Theo quy trnh Vmin = 0,15 m/s = 9 m/pht.
S : l din tch tit din gng o m2
Trong n S = 79,207 m2
Q2 = 9x79,207= 712 m3/ph
- Theo lng thuc n trong mt chu k:
Cng thc tnh ton :
6
Q3 QTN .S .(75 QTN ) m3/pht
t

B MN CU HM
Trong :
QTN: l lng thuc n chi ph cho mt ln n khi thi cng
QTN = 134,746 kg.
S : l din tch tit din gng o m2
Trong n S = 79,207 m2
T : l thi gian thng gi . y t = 0,3 h =18 pht.
6
Q3 134, 746.79, 207 .(75 134, 746) 498, 73 m3/pht
18
- Theo tng cng sut ca cc thit b s dng ng c Diezen (ch tnh

cho thit b ang hot ng - di chuyn):
Cng thc tnh ton :
Q1=K.n.q. m3/pht
Trong :
n: l s lng my ng thi lm vic trong hm khi thi cng
n = 3 my
q : l khi lng kh thi do mt ngun to kh c thi ra .
q 6,5 m3/pht cho 1 KW ng c diezen
q 7,8 m3/pht cho 1 KW ng c xng
Cc thit b s dng ng c Diezen ch yu l cc my dng xc

chuyn t :
01 co v : cng sut 151 kW/ci
02 xe vn chuyn: cng sut 45 kW/ci
Tng cng sut cc thit b d kin l:1 x 151 + 2 x45 = 241 kW

B MN CU HM
K : l h s hiu chnh c ly theo s my lm vic
Khi n = 1 ta c K = 1
Khi n =2 ta c K = 0,9
Khi n = 3 ta c K = 0,85
Vy ta c lng khng kh cn thit:
Q4 = 0,85 x 6,5x 241= 834,275 m3/pht
So snh Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 ta ly lu lng khng kh ln nht tnh theo yu
cu tc khng kh ti thiu dc hang (Q2) tnh ton chn qut gi.
Q = 834,275 m3/pht = 13,904 m3/giy
2.10.3. Tnh lu lng qut gi cn thit:

Qq = Q x y
y:
Q - lu lng khng kh cn thit cp ti cho gng hm (m3/pht);
y - h s xt n tn tht gi dc theo chiu di ng gi, c tnh theo

cng thc:
2
1 d
y k L R 1
3 m
Trong :
R - sc cn khng kh ca ng gi, vi ng ng knh D1200, ta c gi tr
R trn 100m ng: R = 0,05. Vi ng di 1260 m, R =0.65**L/d
d - ng knh ng, d = 800mm;
m - chiu di mt t ng, m = 20000mm;
k - h s ni ng n v, k = 0.0008
2
1 1200
y 0.0008 1260 0,125 1 1,15
3 10000
B MN CU HM
Vy ta c
Qq = 13,90 x 1,15 = 15,985 m3/giy
2.10.3. Tnh thng s k thut ca qut.

ng ng cp gi:
Dng ng thp: D=800mm, ng dy 2-3mm, chia thnh cc t di

3m. Cc t ni vi nhau theo kiu mt bch bng bulng c m
giong bng cao su hoc cc tng.
ng ng cp gi c treo trn trn hang o vo cc thanh treo
gn trn trn hang v dn n khu vc gng o.
ng ng thu gi c b tr di tng hang c c nh bng
cc thanh treo trn tng.
p lc cn thit ca qut:
H = 10.R.(Qq)2
Trong :
R - sc cn khng kh ca ng gi, R = 0,819
Qq - Lu lng gi qua hm, Qq = 15,985 m3/s
Ta c :
H = 10x 0,819x15,9852= 2092,7 (Pa)
2.10.4. Chn qut thng gi :

Chn 2 qut : BO 16 ca Lin x
Qut c cc c tnh k thut sau :
Cng sut gi : Qq = 32 m3/s
p lc : H = 3600 Pa
Cng sut N=110Kw
Trng lng : 1,78 Tn .

B MN CU HM
2.11. Thit k chiu sng trong ng hm.

V ng hm di nn khi thi cng phi s dng nh sng nhn
to. Chiu sng tt s m bo an ton, gim nh sc lao ng, k thut
thi cng chnh xc v tng nng sut lao ng ln 15 20%.
- Chiu sng chung s dng n treo RN - 100, cng sut 100 W, s dng
ngun in h th 127 V. cao n h = 5m, khong cch bng l = 10m.
- Chiu sng c nhn, th thi cng v cn b k thut s dng n m v
n sch tay c quy 2,5 V.
2.12. Cp v thot nc trong thi cng.

Cp nc.
Nc sch cung cp cho thi cng ng hm ly t trm x l
nc cp bn ngoi ng hm theo ng ng dn, c van m dc
ng hm.
Thot nc.
Chng nc mt.
chng nc mt qua li ra vo ta b tr cc rnh cch li ra vo
10m v to gc nghing thot nc, ng thi s dng mi nh che
ma ca hm.
Chng nc ngm:
Theo s liu kho st a cht v theo thc t cng trnh hm
ng b Hi Vn ang thi cng th lng nc ngm khu vc ny
l tng i ln. V vy phi ch ti cng tc thot nc trong thi
cng. y ngh bin php thot nc bng cc rnh dc hm a
nc vo cc h t kt hp vi my bm a nc ra khi khu vc
thi cng.
B MN CU HM
CHNG III - T CHC THI CNG NG HM.

T chc thi cng l cng tc v cng trng yu v phc tp trong qu
trnh thi cng. N nhm mc ch: bo m cht lng cng trnh theo yu
cu thit k; bo m tin qui nh ca k hoch v hng thp hn d
ton thit k hoc thp hn gi thnh v n gi khi k hp ng; hon thnh
nhim v thi cng mt cch an ton v thun li. Cng tc ny xuyn sut
ton b qu trnh ca cng trnh t giai on chun b, giai on thi cng n
giai on cui cng hon cng v nghim thu.
Khoa hc k thut l sc sn xut s mt. Nhim v ct li ca cng tc
t chc v qun l thi cng l pht huy y tc dng khoa hc k thut,
sng to iu kin thun li cho thi cng, ci thin iu kin mi trng
khc nghit trong sut qu trnh sn xut, nhm khng ngng nng cao
trnh k thut thi cng thc hin yu cu v mt cht lng v thi hn
cng trnh. V th t chc v qun l thi cng hin i ha l kt hp hu c
gia ba mt: khoa hc k thut tin tin, bin php kinh t hp l v phng
php qun l kinh doanh khoa hc.
3.1. Lp biu chu k o ng hang.

Biu chu k l k hoch t chc lao ng v cng vic phi hp
vi cc qu trnh sn xut trong mt chu k cng tc.Trong mt chu k
cng tc phi s dng hp l cc thit b k thut v t hp cc thit b
ni chung, cng nh khi lng cng vic cho mi ca, mi i trong chu
k ng u. Cc biu chu k nh th c thit k thi cng v t
chc thi cng cho hm.
Thi gian chu k c xc nh sao cho mt ca hay mt ngy m
phi kt thc trn vn mt s chu k hoc mt chu k phi chim mt s
nguyn ln ca lm vic khi khi lng cng tc ln.

B MN CU HM
3.2. Lp dy chuyn t chc thi cng.
3.2.1. Chun b thi cng.

Cng tc chun b trc lc thi cng ng hm l mt ni dung
trng yu trong cng tc t chc v qun l thi cng ng hm. Lm tt
cc loi cng tc chun b trc lc thi cng l bo m quan trng cho
thi cng ng hm vi mt cht lng tt nht, thi gian nhanh nht,
tit kim nht v an ton nht. Cho nn cng tc ny cn c chun b
mt cch k cng, cn thn trc lc thi cng.
Ni dung cng tc chun b thi cng c bn bao gm cc cng vic
sau:
- Xc nh c cu t chc thi cng v nhn vin lm vic
- Nghin cu v tm hiu vn kin thit k
- iu tra i khp v b sung hin trng thi cng
- Tip nhn cc cc ming hm
- Kt hp kinh nghim v iu kin ca n v thi cng xut cc kin
ngh thay i hoc ci tin thit k vi ch u t v bn t vn
- Nghin cu bin son thit k t chc thi cng, ch o chung v chun
b iu kin vt cht cho thi cng.
3.2.1.1. T chc b my thi cng.
Trong thi cng, cn c vo qui m, tnh trng yu cu cng trnh m
b tr b my v cn b cng nhn vin. Nguyn tc ca t chc b my
l: thch hp vi yu cu nhim v, tin cho vic ch huy, qun l, c li
cho vic pht huy tnh tch cc, sng to v tinh thn hp tc ca cn b
cng nhn. B my cn phn cng mt cch r rng, quyn li trch
nhim c th, ht sc tinh gin nhng li c th hon thnh nhim v mt
cch tt nht.
3.2.1.2. Cng tc chun b k thut.
B MN CU HM
- iu tra nghin cu thu thp t liu

+ iu tra x hi: Tm hiu tnh hnh chnh tr, kinh t, dn c v
phong tc tp qun
+ iu tra iu kin t nhin: Cn iu tra cc iu kin a hnh, a
cht, a mo c bit l iu kin a cht ti ni d nh b tr cng
trnh ngm Ngoi ra cn nm vng tnh hnh kh hu, kh tng, thu
vn
+ iu tra iu kin kinh t k thut: Tm hiu hin trng ln cn c
th m bo cho thi cng hay khng, cc cng trnh kin trc phi di di.
Tm hiu kh nng cung ng v vn chuyn vt liu. Tm hiu v nng
lc h tr v phi hp ca a phng v cung ng sinh hot, y t v
sinh, vn ha gio dc v an ninh
- Kim tra cc bn v v ti liu thit k c lin quan.
- Giao nhn t liu v cc cc mc trc a khng ch ng thi lm cng
tc o c li nhm kim tra khp cc s liu.
- xut ci tin, thay i thit k thi cng da vo cc iu tra b sung.
- Bin son thc t chc thi cng
3.2.1.3. Chun b cc iu kin vt cht c bn hin trng.
- Trong phm vi hin trng thi cng th cc iu kin c bn cn phi
chun b thng l: ng giao thng thng sut, ng in, ng
nc, ng thng tin, hin trng thi cng c san i, nh tm.
- Trc lc khi cng, cc thit b trn mt t cn thit phi chun b
y l: h thng cung ng kh nn, cc gian sa cha my, nh gia
cng thuc n, kho v bi cho cc loi my v nguyn vt liu
- Chun b vt t bao gm: chun b nguyn vt liu, chun b thit b gia
cng cu kin, chun b thit b my mc dng c cho xy lp cng trnh
chnh
B MN CU HM
3.2.2. Thit k t chc thi cng.

Thit k t chc thi cng l vn kin c bn ca t chc thi cng.
Thit k phi da vo yu cu ca vn kin thi cng, tnh cht cng
trnh, iu kin c th hin trng, trang thit b thi cng, lc lng thi
cng v cc nhn t kinh t k thut khc. Thng qua thit k t chc thi
cng hp l, nh ra qui hoch cho ton b qu trnh thi cng do lm
cho qu trnh thi cng c tin hnh mt cch thun li nht.
3.2.2.1. Thit k t chc thi cng s b.

- Thit k ny do n v kho st thit k bin son trong giai on
thit k cng trnh cng vi gian on thit k. Ni dung ch yu ca
vn kin thit k t chc thi cng s b thng bao gm:
+ T chc thi cng: Da vo mc kh d ca cng trnh,
xut yu cu i vi cc n v thit k, thi cng , gim st v qun l.
+ Sp t k hn: Ch yu bao gm cng trnh chnh ca ng
hm, cc cng trnh xy dng nh ca cn thit, cc cng trnh lp t
in my c lin quan
+ Phng php thi cng ch yu: xut phng n thi cng
vi cc loi iu kin i cht khc nhau. Ngoi ra cng cn xut
cc bin php thi cng b tr i vi cc loi t c bit.
+ B tr hin trng thi cng v bi t : Da vo c
im a hnh a mo ca khu vc ng hm m la chn b tr
hin trng thi cng v bi t .
+ Thit b my mc ch yu v ngy cng lao ng
- Bn v thi cng ch yu s gm:
+ Bn v thi cng ng hm
+ S cung ng vt liu xc nh ng dc tuyn.
+ Bn v b tr ming vo v ming ra ca ng hm
B MN CU HM
+ K hoch t chc thi cng v bn v tin thi cng ca

ng hm.
3.2.2.2. Thit k t chc thi cng mang tnh ch o.

Khi n v thi cng tham gia u thu, da vo vn kin thit k kt
hp vi iu kin c th ca n v bin san ra vn kin t chc thi
cng. Sau khi trng thu, n v thi cng tin hnh thm tra, xt duyt,
bin son li k hoch t chc thi cng. Thit k t chc thi cng giai
on gi l thit k t chc thi cng mang tnh ch o.
Ni dung ch yu gm c:
+ Tnh hnh cng trnh khc qut
+ T liu v kho st a hnh, a mo, a cht, thy vn
+ S liu bin son v nguyn tc bin son
+ Chun b thi cng v cng trnh tm thi
+ Tnh hnh nhn lc, my mc thit b, nguyn nhin liu
+ Cc bin php thi cng ch yu, cc bin php k thut khc nh
thng gi, thot nc
Bn v thit k bao gm:
+ Bn v b tr mt bng hin trng
+ Bn v tin thi cng
+ Bn v thit k khoan n, thng gi, thot nc, cp nc.
..
3.2.2.3. Thit k t chc thi cng mang tnh thc thi.

Bn thit k ny c bin son cho t chc thi cng trong qu
trnh thi cng. Bn thit k ny do n v thi cng bin son tng t
nh thit k t chc thi cng mang tnh thc thi nhng n c th hn,
chi tit hn.

B MN CU HM
3.3. Lp k hoch tin .

Trnh t thi cng cng trnh c tnh ton xc nh trc, trong c
cng tc ngm. Thi hn ca cng tc ngm c tnh ton lit k tnh
bng s ngy thi cng c gi l tin thi cng, qu trnh trin khai
tin c gi l k hoch tin .
Tin thi cng l mt ti liu quan trng nht ca thit k t chc thi
cng v thit k thi cng. Trong tin thi cng phi ch r s hiu, khi
lng cng vic, trnh t, thi gian, cng thc hin chng, thnh
phn s lng ngi thc hin, n gi
Phng thc thi cng ng hm thng c 3 loi:
Biu ngang.
Biu chu k.
Bi mng.
Trong n ny em xin kin ngh s dng biu tin thi cng
dng ng thng k hoch ho t chc trn th hin qu trnh pht
trin cc loi cng tc v trnh t cng ngh theo dng ng cho vi h
to . Cc ng ca biu s l:
1. Tin t chc mt bng xy dng v o phn ca
hm.
2. o.
3. Btng v hm.
4. Cng tc ximng ho.
5. Gii to thit b hm a vo khai thc.
Ngoi ra trong cc i thi cng th s dng biu dng ngang do
loi ny n gin v khng khc my so vi biu tin chung.
Tin thi cng thng dng bn v tin biu hin. Bn v tin
thng c s ngang, s thng ng v s mng li biu
B MN CU HM
hin. Tin thi cng da trn c s phng n thi cng nh v chiu

theo nguyn l thi cng dy chuyn m bin son. Ni chung thng da
theo cc bc sau tin hnh:
1. Chia cng trnh ra my cng on
2. Tnh ton khi lng cng trnh ca mi cng on
3. Tnh ton lng lao ng hoc lng kp my ca mi cng on
4. Tnh ton chu k sn xut
5. B tr tin thi cng
6. Kim tra v iu chnh tin k hoch
7. K hoch yu cu v nguyn vt liu v cc biu khc
8. Bn v thi cng ca cc on c bit
3.4. B tr mt bng cng trng.

Hin trng thi cng Hm tng i cht hp nhng thit b my mc
nguyn vt liu thi cng hm li rt nhiu v vy cn c qui hoch hp l
khng cn tr ln nhau nhm t c nng sut cao nht.
B tr hin trng thi cng bao gm:
+ B tr bi thi t .
+ B tr ng vn chuyn t vn.
+ B tr kho tng v bi vt liu khi ln.
+ B tr xng sn xut.
+ B tr nh sinh hot

B MN CU HM

B MN CU HM

Bai in Do An Tot Nghiep - Le Dung

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bai in Do An Tot Nghiep - Le Dung

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

N TT NGHIP-2010 GVHD-GS: NH TRNG

Qua 5 nm hc tp ti trng i hc Giao Thng Vn

H Ni, ngy 12 thng 05 nm 2010.

L B DNG 1 NG HM MTRO K46

1.6. btng v hm.........................................................................150

L B DNG 3 NG HM MTRO K46

1.V tr cng trnh.

L B DNG 4 NG HM MTRO K46

Tuyn ng chy theo hng ng Ty. y l khu vc c nhiu

Ch tiu Nhit trung bnh Lng ma m trung Lng bc hi

Bng 1: Cc thng s kh hu trung bnh mt thng trong nm ti khu vc

L B DNG 5 NG HM MTRO K46

mm), m t trung bnh 85%, lng bc hi trung bnh 938 mm/nm.

C cc con sng nh ang hot ng, c ngun gc t nc ma hoc

L B DNG 6 NG HM MTRO K46

hng ng k ti cng tc thi cng, nht l ti vng t thy m tuyn i

Bng: D BO LU LNG GIAO THNG TRN TUYN

L B DNG 7 NG HM MTRO K46

6.Quy nh nng kh c cho php.

Loi xe D bo lu lng giao thng trn tuyn

Bng : QUY NH NNG KH C CHO PHP

CHNG II : TIU CHUN K THUT

4. Tham kho tiu chun thit k hm xuyn ni ca Nht.

ng u tin 100 2000-5000 400 5

L B DNG 9 NG HM MTRO K46

pha ca hm to ra chnh lch p sut v s lun c mt lung go t nhin

chnh dc Bn knh ng Bn knh dng

- Cp ng: vi tuyn ng dn l ng cp III tc 80 km/h.

L B DNG 10 NG HM MTRO K46

Thit k hm ng t 4 ln xe chy thi cng theo cng ngh NATM

I.M T A CHT CNG TRNH KHU VC HM.

L B DNG 11 NG HM MTRO K46

II.PHN LOI A CHT KHU VC HM I QUA.

Bng 1: Bng phn loi theo im s RMR

Loi A B CI CII DI DII E

Hm i qua hai lp a cht nn ta phn loi a cht cho hai loi t

Bng tng hp cch tnh im s RMR ca khi

L B DNG 13 NG HM MTRO K46

cng <5 cng > mm < mm>5m

Ty thuc vo im s RMR ta c th xc nh c thi gian t n

Bng tng hp thi gian t ng vng khng chng ca hang o:

Gi tr RMR < 20 21 - 40 41 - 60 61 - 80 81 - 100

L B DNG 14 NG HM MTRO K46

+ Hm i qua c 2 lp a cht do ta phn loi a cht cho

Vy a cht lp 1 l loi C II. Thi gian t ng vng ca lp ny l

+ Khong khng chng 5m ,thi gian c th t n nh trong 1

L B DNG 15 NG HM MTRO K46

Lp th 2: vi chc, ct kt chc, c f kp= 8, RQD=75-90%. y l

Vy a cht lp 2 l loi B. Lp ny c thi gian t ng vng

+ Khong khng chng 10m ,thi gian c th t n nh trong 1

L B DNG 16 NG HM MTRO K46

III.D kin cu to kt cu v bin php cng ngh thi cng ng

L B DNG 17 NG HM MTRO K46

S la chn ca phng n phi da trn c s phn tch , so snh

Da vo hai im khng ch A-B trn bnh vi cc yu t hnh hc

Trong phng n ny vi s b chn chiu di hm 1260m, nn em

L B DNG 18 NG HM MTRO K46

Trong trng hp ny ta tnh cho trng hp nguy him nht l hm

B: Khu tnh i ca khi t pha trn ng hm (m).

Vy khong cch hai hm cn thit k l:

L B DNG 19 NG HM MTRO K46

Tuy nhin trong n ny m bo an ton cng nh c s thay i

I - THIT K TUYN HM.