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Uniones de Estructuras Metalicas PDF
Uniones de Estructuras Metalicas PDF
Compression:
#Pn " #Fcr Ag " (0.9)(36)(0.5)(8) " 129 kips $ Puf " 112 kips OK
The connection is adequate for the applied moment. Note that the column should also be checked for the need
of stiffeners to support the concentrated flange force (see Example 11-8).
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It is also important to note that some moment connections might provide little or no ro-
tation even though an assumption has been made that an FMC has been used when, in fact,
a more rigid connection exists. For this reason, the designer should select a known flexible
connection when one is required. Figure 11-12 shows common FR and PR connection types.
FR connection behavior would resemble curve 3 in Figure 11-11 and PR connection behav-
ior would resemble curve 2 in Figure 11-11.
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It is also important to note that some moment connections might provide little or no ro-
tation even though an assumption has been made that an FMC has been used when, in fact,
a more rigid connection exists. For this reason, the designer should select a known flexible
connection when one is required. Figure 11-12 shows common FR and PR connection types.
FR connection behavior would resemble curve 3 in Figure 11-11 and PR connection behav-
ior would resemble curve 2 in Figure 11-11.
1 2
Fig. 33: Erecting a steel column
7 8
Fig. 34
Source: Swiss Central office for Structural Steelwork (SZS) (ed.), C8 Konstruktive Details in Stahlhochbau, Zurich, 1973
125
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t
g
Welded flange-plates with projecting sides (see Figure 6.2 (a)) are the
simplest but potentially one of the least attractive forms of
connection, and can be used with any size and shape of member. The
flange plates may be either solid or of ring-form with an opening.
The opening may be required for the passage of internal pipes, or for
concrete infilling, or for galvanizing internally. The external projection
of the flange plate should be kept as small as possible, but the plate
should be of sufficient thickness to resist the tensile force transferred
by the connecting bolts and to avoid distortion during welding.
Similar types of flange connections may be used for CHS or SHS
sections. In close-up these connections may look bulky, but in overall
perspective, their effect is diminished. In multi-storey construction,
connections of this type to tubular columns can normally be
accommodated within the floor depth (or within the raised floor
depth).
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9.3.2 Tornillos de cabeza cilndrica con hueco hexagonal y tornillos de cabeza cilndrica alta hexalobular inter-
na. Estos tornillos deben marcarse con la marca de identificacin del fabricante y con el smbolo de marcado de la clase
de calidad definido en la tabla 14.
El marcado es obligatorio para las clases de calidad iguales o mayores que 8.8 y se hace, preferiblemente, en el costado
de la cabeza por grabado, o en la parte superior de la cabeza por grabado o en relieve (vase la figura 8).
9.3.3 Pernos de cabeza redonda y cuello cuadrado. Los pernos de cabeza redonda y cuello cuadrado de clases de
calidad superiores o iguales a 8.8 deben marcarse con la marca de identificacin del fabricante y con el smbolo de
marcado de la clase de calidad definido en la tabla 14.
El marcado es obligatorio para los pernos con dimetro nominal de rosca d " 5 mm. Este marcado debe hacerse en la
cabeza, en grabado o en relieve (vase la figura 9).
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9.3.4 Bulones. Los bulones de dimetro nominal de rosca d ! 5 mm, de clase de calidad 5.6 y de clases de calidad
iguales o superiores a 8.8, deben marcarse con el smbolo de la clase de calidad definido en la tabla 14 y con la marca
de identificacin del fabricante, en la parte no roscada del buln (vase la figura 10).
Si no es posible el marcado en la parte no roscada, se permite realizar nicamente el marcado de la clase de calidad en
el extremo del buln, lado tuerca (vase la figura 10). Para los bulones de empotramiento, el marcado debe colocarse en
el extremo de la zona con tuerca, y si es posible con la marca de identificacin del fabricante.
Los smbolos de la tabla 16 se admiten como mtodo alternativo de identificacin de las clases de calidad.
Tabla 16
Smbolos de marcado alternativos para bulones
9.3.5 Otros tipos de pernos y tornillos. Por acuerdo entre las partes interesadas, el mismo sistema de marcado defini-
do en los apartados anteriores del captulo 9 se puede utilizar para otros tipos de pernos y tornillos y para los productos
especiales.
El marcado se exige para los pernos y tornillos con dimetros nominales de rosca d ! 5 mm.
El ensayo de dureza Vickers es el ensayo de referencia y, si es posible, se debe aplicar una carga de HV 30.
Si se aplican los ensayos de dureza Brinell o Rockwell se deben utilizar las tablas de conversin de acuerdo con la
norma ISO 4964.
El ensayo de dureza Vickers debe realizarse segn los requisitos de la norma ISO 6507-1.
El ensayo de dureza Brinell debe realizarse segn los requisitos de la norma ISO 6506.
El ensayo de dureza Rockwell debe realizarse segn los requisitos de la norma ISO 6508.
9 MARCADO
9.1 Smbolos
9.2 Identificacin
Las tuercas hexagonales de todo tipo de clases de calidad deben marcarse segn el sistema de designacin descrito
en el captulo 3, mellando el lado de la superficie soporte, o grabando en relieve el bisel. Vanse las figuras 3 y 4.
Las marcas grabadas en relieve no sobresaldrn ms all de la superficie soporte de la tuerca.
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4.1 Representacin sobre los planos de proyeccin normal de los ejes de los elementos de fijacin
Para representar agujeros, tornillos y remaches sobre los planos de proyeccin normal a sus ejes, la representacin
simblica debe de dibujarse con lneas gruesas continuas, tipo A, de acuerdo con la Norma ISO 128. La posicin del
elemento de fijacin se indica con una cruz (vase figura 1).
Fig. 1
La informacin adicional debera indicarse de acuerdo con lo expresado en la tablas 1 y 2 o de acuerdo con la Norma
ISO 5485-2.
Puede colocarse un punto prominente en el centro de la cruz para facilitar el empleo de copias de dibujos como
plantillas (vase un ejemplo en la figura 2). El dimetro del punto debe de ser de cinco veces el espesor de la lnea
utilizada para la indicacin de la cruz.
Tabla 1
Representacin simblica de agujeros, y de los tornillos y remaches que se acoplan en ellos
Agujero
Agujero1) y tornillo
o remache Sin avellanado Avellanado en el Avellanado en el Avellanado en
lado mas prximo lado mas alejado ambos lados
Taladrado y montado
en taller
Taladrado en taller y
montado en obra
Taladrado y montado
en obra
1) Para distinguir los agujeros de los tornillos y remaches, se debe de dar la denominacin correcta del agujero o del elemento de fijacin de
acuerdo con una norma internacional apropiada.
EJEMPLO
La designacin de un agujero de dimetro 13 mm es 13, la designacin de un tornillo de rosca mtrica de dimetro 12 y longitud
50 mm es M12 x 50, mientras que para un remache de dimetro 12 mm y longitud 50 mm es 12 x 50.
4.2 Representacin sobre planos de proyeccin paralelos al eje del elemento de fijacin
Para representar agujeros, tornillos y remaches sobre los planos de proyeccin paralelos a sus ejes, debe de adoptarse la
representacin simblica mostrada en las tablas 2 y 3. La lnea horizontal de esta representacin simblica debe de
dibujarse con una lnea fina tipo B; todas la otras parte deben de dibujarse con lnea gruesa tipo A, de acuerdo con la
Norma ISO 128.
Tabla 2
Smbolos de representacin de agujeros
Agujero
Agujero
Sin avellanado Avellanado slo en un lado Avellanado en los dos lados
Taladrado en taller
Taladrado en obra
Tabla 3
Representacin simblica de agujeros y remaches que acoplan en agujeros
Montado en taller
Montado en obra
Agujero taladrado en
obra y tornillo o
remache montado en
obra
1) Para distinguir los tornillos de los remaches, se debe de dar la denominacin correcta del elemento de fijacin de acuerdo con una norma
internacional relevante.
EJEMPLO
La designacin de un tornillo de rosca mtrica de dimetro 12 y longitud 50 mm es M12 x 50, mientras que para un remache de dimetro 12 mm
y longitud 50 mm es 12 x 50.
proportional to the tension in the bolt (see Figure 9-2). The deformation in the ribs is
measured to determine whether the proper tension has been achieved.
One unique condition pertaining to installation is when bolted connections slip into bear-
ing when the building is in service. When this happens, occupants might hear what sounds
like a gunshot, which is naturally disturbing. However, this event is not indicative of a struc-
tural failure. This is referred to as banging bolts. To prevent this from happening, the bolts
should be snug-tight or, if it is possible, the steel erector should not tighten the bolts until
the drift pins have been released and the bolts are allowed to slip into bearing before tight-
ening (see Section 9.4 for further discussion on bolt bearing).
The final type of joint that we will consider is a slip-critical joint. This type of joint is
similar to a pretensioned joint except that failure is assumed to occur when the applied load
is greater than the friction force and thus slip does not occur between the faying surfaces. As
with pretensioned joints, slip-critical joints are used for joints subjected to cyclical loads or
fatigue loads. They should also be used in connections that have slotted holes parallel to the
direction of the load or in connections that use a combination of welds and bolts along the
same faying surface. The amount of pretension or clamping force for a slip-critical bolt is the
same that was used for pretensioned joints (see Table 9-1). The design strength of a slip-critical
joint is generally lower than that of a bearing-type connection since the friction resistance is
usually lower than any other failure mode for a bolt (such as direct shear or bearing).
The main difference between pretensioned and slip-critical joints is the type of faying
surface between the connected parts. There are three types of faying surfaces identified in
the AISC specification: Class A, Class B, and Class C. Each type has a specific surface
preparation and coating requirement that corresponds to a minimum coefficient of friction.
A Class A faying surface has either unpainted clean mill-scale surfaces, or surfaces with Class
A coatings on blast-cleaned steel. The mean slip coefficient for a Class A surface is ! 0.35.
A Class A coating has a minimum mean slip coefficient of ! 0.35.
A Class B faying surface has either unpainted blast-cleaned steel surfaces or surfaces
with Class B coatings on blast-cleaned steel. The mean slip coefficient for a Class B surface
is ! 0.50, and a Class B coating has a minimum mean slip coefficient of ! 0.50.
A Class C faying surface has the same mean slip coefficient as a Class A surface
( ! 0.35), but has roughened surfaces and a hot-dipped galvanized surface.
The mean slip coefficient for any faying surface can also be established by testing for
special coatings and steel surface conditions.
Another key parameter in slip-critical connections is the probability of slip occurring
at service loads or at factored loads. In some cases, slip between faying surfaces could lead
to serviceability problems, but not necessarily problems at the strength level. In essence, there
is slip between the faying surfaces, but that does not cause the bolt to be engaged in bearing
or to cause yielding or fracture in the connected parts. In other cases, slip between the fay-
ing surfaces could cause problems at the strength level (e.g., a bolted splice in a long-span
roof truss). Slip in the splice connection would cause additional deflection and increase the
potential for undesirable ponding.
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to operate tools (Fig. 3.3.6). Another factor to consider is the steel finish.
Painted or galvanized pieces will have the finish destroyed by welding on site,
and then the original finish will be matched with a can of spray paint. This
tends to be completely unsatisfactory in appearance. Think through the
assembly and finishes carefully to decide how to join steel elements together.
All exterior carbon steel must be finished to avoid corrosion. This goes for
most interior carbon steel as well, but not to the same degree. We have pre-
viously discussed stainless and Cor-Ten, which have corrosion resistance
capabilities, but exterior carbon steel has particular problems with finishes.
The primary problem is the durability of the finish; steel is very dimensionally
active so it tends to move throughout the year. Most paint cannot stretch to
accommodate this movement and eventually cracks and then the degrad-
ation cycle begins. Water penetrating the cracks separates the paint quickly
and in freeze-thaw environments it gets progressively worse. Hidden condi-
tions also cause problems, such as the joint between two steel sections ther-
mally moving, removing the protective coating, trapping the moisture, and
rusting from within. Galvanizing can help protect steel, as the zinc forms a
corrosion resistant coating. However there are two types of galvanizing: elec-
troplating and hot-dip galvanizing. Electroplating is an electrically applied
micro-thin coating that flakes off quickly. Hot-dip galvanizing requires the
entire piece to be dipped in a zinc bath, making a much thicker, more reliable,
and more expensive coating. There is no choice to be made here, long-term
durability requires hot dipping. Electroplating is typically ineffective for exte-
rior building components; you are better off using higher quality paint rather
than spending resources on the electroplating. Keep in mind that galvanizing
tanks are limited in size and will require thoughtful consideration of the size
of individual steel pieces you use. Hot-dipped galvanizing can also warp thin
steel plates due to the temperatures of the molten zinc. Breaking plates with
a minimal cross or v shaped seam can prevent warpage (Fig. 3.3.7). Like many
situations in buildings, you must judge the maintenance capabilities of the
owner and the life cycle of the project. For high abuse projects, like parking
garages or coastal buildings, it is common to use hot-dip galvanized and then
epoxy coated exterior steel pieces, because stainless steel is cost prohibitive.
173
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The method of determining the effective length is illustrated by a simple example for
the plastic yield lines shown in Fig. 7.16(b).
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The method of determining the effective length is illustrated by a simple example for
the plastic yield lines shown in Fig. 7.16(b).
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Cover
Heat shield
Motor Motor speed
control knob
Motor
output pinion Forward/off/reverse switch
Input terminal
Driven wheel block
Chassis
En la figura 1 se puede apreciar una vista esquemtica de la mquina de haz lser de CO2 tpica.
Leyenda
4.3.1 Salud y seguridad. Esta norma no cubre ni la inspeccin de dispositivos de seguridad ni otros aspectos de
seguridad.
NOTA Deberan aplicarse los reglamentos en vigor sobre salud y seguridad, a las reglas sobre prevencin de accidentes, as como a las
especificaciones tcnicas generalmente aceptadas.
4.1.1 Soldeo por friccin rotacional de accionamiento directo. La energa necesaria se suministra por acciona-
miento directo a velocidad o velocidades rotacionales predeterminadas, vanse las figuras 1 y 2.
1 Motor accionador
2 Freno
3a Mordaza giratoria
3b Mordaza estacionaria
4a Pieza giratoria
4b Pieza estacionaria
5 Cilindro de forja
Fig. 2 Diagrama mostrando relaciones tpicas de las caractersticas del soldeo por friccin con velocidad
de giro constante (soldeo por friccin, proceso n 42 de acuerdo con la Norma EN ISO 4063)
N de
Trmino en espaol Trmino en ingls Trmino en francs Trmino en alemn
referencia
1 Soldeo por arco Arc welding Soudage l'arc Lichtbogenschweien
(Lichtbogenschmelzschweien)
101 Soldeo por arco con electrodo de aporte Metal arc welding Soudage l'arc avec lectrode fusible Metall-Lichtbogenschweien
11 Soldeo por arco sin proteccin gaseosa y Metal arc welding without gas Soudage l'arc avec lectrode fusible Metall-Lichtbogenschweien ohne
electrodo de aporte protection sans protection gazeuse Gasschutz
111 Soldeo por arco con electrodo revestido Manual metal arc welding (metal arc Soudage manuel l'arc avec lectrode Lichtbogenhandschweien
welding with covered electrode); enrobe
shielded metal arc welding /USA/
112 Soldeo por gravedad con electrodo Gravity (arc) welding with covered Soudage l'arc par gravit Schwerkraftlichtbogenschweien
revestido electrode;
gravity feed welding /USA/
114 Soldeo por arco con alambre tubular Self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding Soudage l'arc avec fil fourr Metall-Lichtbogenschweien mit
autoprotegido autoprotecteur Flldrahtelektrode ohne Schutzgas
12 Soldeo por arco sumergido Submerged arc welding Soudage l'arc sous flux (en poudre); Unterpulverschweien
-6-
soudage l'arc submerg /B/
121 Soldeo por arco sumergido con un Submerged arc welding with one wire Soudage l'arc sous flux (en poudre) Unterpulverschweien mit
alambre electrodo electrode avec un seul fil; Drahtelektrode
soudage l'arc submerg avec un seul
fil-lectrode /B/
122 Soldeo por arco sumergido con banda Submerged arc welding with strip Soudage l'arc sous flux (en poudre) Unterpulverschweien mit
electrodo electrode avec lectrode en feuillard; Bandelektrode
soudage l'arc submerg avec lectrode
en bande /B/
*123 Soldeo por arco sumergido con Submerged arc welding with multiple Soudage l'arc sous flux (en poudre) Unterpulverschweien mit mehreren
mltiples alambres electrodos wire electrodes avec fils multiples; Drahtelektroden
soudage l'arc submerg avec fils-
lectrodes multiples /B/
124 Soldeo por arco sumergido con adicin Submerged arc welding with metallic Soudage l'arc sous flux (en poudre) Unterpulverschweien mit
de polvo metlico powder addition avec addition de poudre mtallique Metallpulverzusatz
125 Soldeo por arco sumergido con alambre Submerged arc welding with tubular Soudage l'arc sous flux (en poudre) Unterpulverschweien mit
tubular cored electrode avec fil fourr Flldrahtelektrode
13 Soldeo por arco protegido con gas y Gas-shielded metal arc welding; Soudage l'arc avec lectrode fusible Metall-Schutzgasschweien
electrodo de aporte gas metal arc welding /USA/ sous protection gazeuse
131 Soldeo por arco con gas inerte; soldeo Metal inert gas welding; MIG welding; Soudage MIG (soudage l'arc sous Metall-Inertgasschweien;
MIG gas metal arc welding /USA/ protection de gaz inerte avec fil- MIG-Schweien
lectrode fusible)
Cuando sea apropiado, el valor del aporte trmico Q se puede calcular como sigue (vase tambin tabla 1):
U!I
Q=k !10 "3 en kJ / mm
#
Tabla 1
Factor de rendimiento trmico k de algunos procesos de soldeo
Factor
Proceso N Proceso
k
121 Soldeo por arco sumergido con alambre 1,0
111 Soldeo metlico por arco con electrodo revestido 0,8
131 Soldeo MIG 0,8
135 Soldeo MAG 0,8
114 Soldeo por arco con alambre tubular (sin proteccin gaseosa) 0,8
136 Soldeo por arco con alambre tubular (con proteccin de gas activo) 0,8
137 Soldeo por arco con alambre tubular (con proteccin de gas inerte) 0,8
138 Soldeo por arco con alambre tubular con relleno metlico (con proteccin de gas activo) 0,8
139 Soldeo por arco con alambre tubular con relleno metlico (con proteccin de gas inerte) 0,8
141 Soldeo TIG 0,6
15 Soldeo por arco plasma 0,6
Cuando el factor k difiere de los valores indicados en la tabla 1, se dar informacin en las partes relevantes de esta
norma.
20 PROCEDIMIENTOS DE SOLDEO
Cuando se requieran especificaciones de procedimiento de soldeo escritas, deben cubrir todas las operaciones de soldeo
incluyendo dispositivos provisionales y correccin de no conformidades. Los contenidos de los procedimientos deben
cumplir con la Norma EN 288-2. Cuando sea aplicable, la cualificacin del procedimiento de soldeo se debe efectuar de
acuerdo con la norma europea apropiada.
Los soldadores/operadores de soldeo deben disponer de la informacin que les permita llevar a cabo el procedimiento
de soldeo de acuerdo con los requisitos. Cuando sea apropiado, deben ser cualificados de acuerdo con la parte relevante
de la Norma EN 287, en el proyecto de norma prEN ISO 9606 o la Norma EN 1418.
21 TRAZABILIDAD
Cuando est especificado, se debe disponer de medios de identificacin adecuados, bien mediante marcas identificativas
u otros mtodos, que permitan relacionar cada soldadura con el soldador/es o con el operador/es de soldeo que la
efectu. Se debera evitar el troquelado profundo, pero en el caso de tener que utilizarlo se prestar especial atencin
cuando se emplee en zonas muy tensionadas o susceptibles a la corrosin.
22 MARTILLADO
El martillado slo se debe llevar a cabo de acuerdo con la norma de aplicacin o el contrato.
23 INSPECCIN Y ENSAYO
El mtodo y alcance de la inspeccin y ensayo debe estar de acuerdo con la norma de aplicacin o el contrato.
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6.1.8 Fuente de radiacin situada en el exterior del objeto con la pelcula en el otro lado (figuras 13 a 18)
Fig. 13 Disposicin de ensayo para exposicin a doble pared simple imagen de objetos curvos para
interpretacin de la pared del lado de la pelcula, con el IQI situado en contacto con la pelcula
Si se permite mediante especificacin, el valor para Ir 192 puede reducirse a 10 mm y para Se 75 a 5 mm.
Cuando se encuentra alguna imperfeccin debe evaluarse su influencia sobre el examen con haz angular propuesto
y, si es necesario, ajustar las tcnicas apropiadamente. Cuando la realizacin satisfactoria del examen ultrasnico
est afectada seriamente, deben considerarse otros mtodos de inspeccin (por ejemplo radiografa).
Fig. 1 Ejemplo del volumen de examen a cubrir cuando se examinan indicaciones longitudinales
10.1 Generalidades
El ajuste del rango y la sensibilidad debe efectuarse con anterioridad a cada examen de conformidad con esta norma
y el proyecto de Norma prEN 583-2. Las comprobaciones para confirmar estos ajustes deben realizarse, al menos,
cada 4 horas y una vez finalizado el examen. Las comprobaciones deben efectuarse tambin siempre que un par-
metro del sistema se cambie o se sospechen cambios en los ajustes equivalentes.
Cuando el examen se hace con la ayuda de electroimanes o electrodos, habr un rea del componente, prxima a
cada polo o punta que ser imposible de examinar debido a la gran intensidad del campo magntico. Este fenmeno
normalmente se traduce en incrustaciones de las partculas.
Se deben tomar precauciones para asegurar un recubrimiento suficiente de las reas a examinar tal y como se mues-
tra en las figuras 2 y 3.
Medidas en milmetros
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Tabla 1
Smbolos elementales
(Contina)
1) Las soldaduras a tope de chapas con bordes levantados (smbolo 1) sin penetracin completa se simbolizarn como soldaduras a tope con
bordes planos (smbolo 2) indicando el espesor de soldadura s (vase tabla 5).
Tabla 1
Smbolos elementales
10 Soldadura en ngulo
16 Soldadura de canto
(Contina)
Tabla 1 (Fin)
Smbolos elementales
17 Recargue
18 Unin superficial
19 Unin inclinada
20 Unin en pliegue
Los smbolos elementales para el soldeo por ambas caras se combinarn de forma que se siten simtricamente
respecto a la lnea de referencia. En la tabla 2 se dan ejemplos tpicos y en la tabla A.2, aplicaciones para la repre-
sentacin simblica.
NOTA 1 La tabla 2 muestra una coleccin de combinaciones de smbolos elementales para soldaduras simtricas. Para la representacin
simblica, los smbolos elementales estn dispuestos simtricamente respecto a la lnea de referencia (vase tabla A.2). Para el
empleo de los smbolos fuera de la representacin simblica, stos deben representarse sin la lnea de referencia.
Tabla 2
La ausencia de un smbolo suplementario significa que la forma de la superficie de la soldadura no necesita ser
indicada con precisin.
NOTA 2 Aunque no est prohibido asociar varios smbolos, es preferible representar la soldadura en un croquis separado cuando la simboli-
zacin resulte demasiado difcil.
Tabla 3
Smbolos suplementarios
Forma de la soldadura o
Smbolo
de su superficie
a) Plano (normalmente acabado a pao)
b) Convexa
c) Cncava
Tabla 4
Ejemplos de aplicacin de smbolos suplementarios
(Contina)
Tabla 3
Smbolos suplementarios
Forma de la soldadura o
Smbolo
de su superficie
a) Plano (normalmente acabado a pao)
b) Convexa
c) Cncava
Tabla 4
Ejemplos de aplicacin de smbolos suplementarios
(Contina)
Tabla 4 (Fin)
Ejemplos de aplicacin de smbolos suplementarios
1)
1) Smbolo de acuerdo con la Norma ISO 1302; en lugar de ste se puede utilizar el smbolo .
NOTAS
3 La lnea a trazos puede situarse por encima o por debajo de la lnea continua ( ) (vanse tambin apartado 5.5 y
anexo B).
Para soldaduras simtricas, la lnea a trazos es innecesaria y debera omitirse.
4 El espesor de las lneas para la lnea de la flecha, la lnea de referencia, smbolo y anotaciones debe estar de acuerdo con el espesor de las
lneas para acotacin segn las Normas ISO 128 e ISO 3098-1, respectivamente.
La lnea de la flecha y la lnea de referencia forman la marca completa de referencia. Si se dan detalles como por
ejemplo: procesos, niveles de aceptacin, posiciones, materiales de aporte y auxiliares (vase captulo 7) se aadir
una cola al final de la lnea de referencia.
NOTA 5 La posicin de la flecha en estas figuras se ha escogido con el propsito de clarificar. Normalmente, deben situarse adyacentes a la
unin.
NOTA 6 Vase figura 2.
Cada trmino se separar por / (barras). Adems, es posible utilizar una cola cerrada para indicar una instruccin
especfica (por ejemplo, una hoja de procedimiento) mediante un signo de referencia. Vase figura 12.
EJEMPLO:
Soldadura a tope en V simple con pasada de respaldo (vase figura 13), mediante soldeo con electrodo revestido
(nmero de referencia 111 de acuerdo con la Norma ISO 4063), nivel de aceptacin requerido de acuerdo con la Norma
ISO 5817, en posicin plana (PA) de acuerdo con la Norma ISO 6947, electrodo revestido ISO 2560 E51 2 RR 22.
7 INDICACIONES COMPLEMENTARIAS
Con el fin de especificar alguna otra caracterstica de las soldaduras, pueden ser necesarias indicaciones comple-
mentarias. Por ejemplo:
La Norma ISO 4063 incluye la lista de correspondencia entre la numeracin y los procesos de soldeo.
7 INDICACIONES COMPLEMENTARIAS
Con el fin de especificar alguna otra caracterstica de las soldaduras, pueden ser necesarias indicaciones comple-
mentarias. Por ejemplo:
La Norma ISO 4063 incluye la lista de correspondencia entre la numeracin y los procesos de soldeo.
6.2.1 La ausencia de indicaciones a continuacin del smbolo significa que la soldadura debe ser continua en toda
la longitud de la pieza.
6.2.2 Las soldaduras a tope sern de penetracin completa a no ser que se indique lo contrario.
6.2.3 Existen dos mtodos para dimensionar las soldaduras en ngulo (vase figura 7). Por lo tanto, las letras "a"
o "z", se situarn siempre en frente de la dimensin correspondiente como sigue.
Para indicar la profundidad de la penetracin de las soldaduras en ngulo, el espesor de la garganta se representar
por la letra "s". Vase figura 8.
6.2.4 En el caso de soldaduras en tapn o en ojal con los bordes biselados, se considerar la dimensin en el
fondo del agujero.
Cada trmino se separar por / (barras). Adems, es posible utilizar una cola cerrada para indicar una instruccin
especfica (por ejemplo, una hoja de procedimiento) mediante un signo de referencia. Vase figura 12.
EJEMPLO:
Soldadura a tope en V simple con pasada de respaldo (vase figura 13), mediante soldeo con electrodo revestido
(nmero de referencia 111 de acuerdo con la Norma ISO 4063), nivel de aceptacin requerido de acuerdo con la Norma
ISO 5817, en posicin plana (PA) de acuerdo con la Norma ISO 6947, electrodo revestido ISO 2560 E51 2 RR 22.
UNE-EN 22553:1994
Ejemplos de combinaciones de smbolos elementales y suplementarios
Representacin
Simbolizacin
N Smbolo Croquis
Bien O bien
- 38 -
3
(Contina)
Representacin
Simbolizacin
N Smbolo Croquis
Bien O bien
- 39 -
7
UNE-EN 22553:1994
8
UNE-EN 22553:1994
Ejemplos de casos excepcionales
Representacin
Simbolizacin
N Croquis
Bien O bien Incorrecto
- 40 -
3
(Contina)
Representacin
Simbolizacin
N Croquis
Bien O bien Incorrecto
5 No recomendado
6 No recomendado
- 41 -
7 No recomendado
UNE-EN 22553:1994
8
NOTA 1 Cuando la flecha no puede apuntar a una unin, la simbolizacin no puede utilizarse.
Designacin Representacin
Simbolizacin
Smbolo
N (El nmero se Croquis
refiere a la Bien O bien
tabla 1)
Soldadura a tope
de chapas con
bordes levantados
1
- 27 -
Soldadura a tope
con bordes
levantados
3
UNE-EN 22553:1994
4
(Contina)
UNE-EN 22553:1994
Ejemplos de utilizacin de smbolos elementales
Designacin Representacin
Simbolizacin
Smbolo
N (El nmero se Croquis
refiere a la Bien O bien
tabla 1)
5
Soldadura a tope
en V simple
- 28 -
7
Soldadura a tope
en bisel simple
8
(Contina)
Soldadura a tope
en V simple con
11 taln de raz amplio
- 29 -
12 Soldadura a tope
en bisel simple con
taln de raz amplio
13
UNE-EN 22553:1994
Soldadura a tope
en U simple
14
(Contina)
UNE-EN 22553:1994
Ejemplos de utilizacin de smbolos elementales
Designacin Representacin
Simbolizacin
Smbolo
N (El nmero se Croquis
refiere a la Bien O bien
tabla 1)
15
Soldadura a tope
en J simple
16
- 30 -
17
Soldadura
en ngulo
18
(Contina)
Designacin Representacin
Simbolizacin
Smbolo
N (El nmero se Croquis
refiere a la Bien O bien
tabla 1)
19
- 31 -
Soldadura
en ngulo
20
UNE-EN 22553:1994
21
(Contina)
UNE-EN 22553:1994
Ejemplos de utilizacin de smbolos elementales
Designacin Representacin
Simbolizacin
Smbolo
N (El nmero se Croquis
refiere a la Bien O bien
tabla 1)
22
Soldadura
en tapn
23
- 32 -
24
Soldadura
por puntos
25
(Contina)
Designacin Representacin
Simbolizacin
Smbolo
N (El nmero se Croquis
refiere a la Bien O bien
tabla 1)
26
Soldadura
por costura
- 33 -
27
UNE-EN 22553:1994
AENOR AUTORIZA EL USO DE ESTE DOCUMENTO A UNIVERSIDAD DE BURGOS
Tabla A.2
Ejemplos de combinaciones de smbolos elementales
Designacin Representacin
Simbolizacin
Smbolo
N Croquis
(El nmero se refiere
a la tabla 1) Bien O bien
Soldadura a tope
en V doble
5
(soldadura en X)
6 Soldadura a tope
- 35 -
en bisel doble
(soldadura en K)
Soldadura a tope
UNE-EN 22553:1994
en V doble con taln
de raz amplio
8
(Contina)
UNE-EN 22553:1994
Ejemplos de combinaciones de smbolos elementales
Designacin Representacin
Simbolizacin
Smbolo
N Croquis
(El nmero se refiere
a la tabla 1) Bien O bien
Soldadura a tope
en bisel doble con
taln de raz amplio
9
Soldadura a tope
en U doble
10
- 36 -
Soldadura a tope
en J doble
11
Soldadura a tope
en V simple
y soldadura a tope
12
en U simple
(Contina)
Designacin Representacin
Simbolizacin
Smbolo
N Croquis
(El nmero se refiere
a la tabla 1) Bien O bien
Soldadura en ngulo
13
y soldadura en ngulo
- 37 -
14
UNE-EN 22553:1994
AENOR AUTORIZA EL USO DE ESTE DOCUMENTO A UNIVERSIDAD DE BURGOS
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