1.

Basics of Heat load : Heat gain to the building:

Sensible heat: mostly from sun, heat dissipation from machines,
electric lighting, electrical panels, people, outside fresh air.
Latent Heat: From people, outside fresh air.
2. Types of HVAC units:
Window A/C Units
Mini Split A/C Units (Wall mount or ceiling mount or cassette type)
Ducted split A/C Units
Package A/C Units
Air cooled water chillers
Water cooled water chillers
Vapour Absorption Machines
3. Selection of Package A/C, Duct Split A/C Units,: Based on;
Cooling capacity (Total & sensible heat), Total heat = Sensible heat +
Latent heat
Heating capacity for Electric Heater (if heater is required)
Air flow
External static pressure
Ambient air condition: Dry bulb temperature
Power supply for the A/C Unit
Vapour Absorption Machines
4. Selection of Chilled Water AHU
Cooling capacity (Total & sensible heat), Total heat = Sensible heat +
Latent heat
Heating capacity for Electric Heater (if heater is required)
Air flow (CFM)
Chilled water flow (GPM)
Entering & Leaving Chilled Water Temp into cooling coil
External static pressure
Power supply for the A/C Unit
5. Difference between DX-AHU and Chilled water AHU

DX-AHU: It is the indoor unit if split A/C Unit where the refrigerant flows
into the cooling coil.

Chilled water AHU: The chilled water flows into the cooling coil coming
from the chiller.

6. Main components of Package A/C Unit :

Blower
Evaporator (DX-cooling coil) made of copper tubes and aluminum fins
Compressor
Condenser coil made of copper tubes and aluminum fins. (For coastal
and corrosive
environment, the condenser coil should be made of Copper tubes and
copper fins)

7. Main components of Ducted split A/C Unit :

 It is splitted into outdoor unit and indoor unit and they are connected
through
Refrigerant piping.
Outdoor unit: Compressor and condenser coil
Indoor Unit: DX-Cooling coil and blower.
8. Critical Facilities: All critical facilities like Operation theatre rooms, Control
rooms, data centres, communication rooms, switchgear rooms and electric
substations should have duty & standby A/C Units.
9. Installation of Roof top Package A/C Units: Need to check the following before
installation;
Location of the unit as per approved drawings
Readiness of concrete foundation and inspection clearance from civil
Arrangement of proper crane with proper documents
Should have the approved method statement for the installation of
unit.
10.Fabrication of HVAC Ducts: Before stating the fabrication, make sure it is as
per approved drawings and site conditions.
11.Installation of ducts : Need to check the following before starting the
installation
Should have approved shop drawing & coordination drawing and
method statement for the installation of ducts.
Cross check as per the site condition
Material inspection to be done
Duct s to insulated (leaving the joints for smoke testing) before
installation in order to save time.
12.Access doors: For all motorized dampers, fire dampers, duct heaters.
13.Identify the supply and return diffusers: Supply diffusers will be with inbuilt
damper and return diffuser will be without damper.
14.Back draft damper: It is like a check valve and required in case of duty &
standby units connected to common main supply & return duct to backflow in
standby unit.
15.Types of most commonly used VAV : By pass VAV and Shut off VAV
By pass VAV: It is controlled through room thermostat and depending
upon the room temperature setting, supplies the required air flow to
the room and by pass the applicable amount of air to the ceiling and
will return back to AHU.It varies the air flow in room and keeps the
constant air flow in ducting. It is similar to 3-way modulating valve in
chilled system which in installed in return piping of the chilled water
AHU.

Modulating VAV: It is controlled through room thermostat and

depending upon the room temperature setting, supplies the required
air flow to the room and shut off the VAV which increases the air
pressure inside the ducting. It varies the air flow in room and also
inside the ducting. With modulating VAV,the AHU blower motor should
be with VFD in order to vary the air flow. It is similar to 2-way
 modulating valve in chilled system which in installed in return piping of
the chilled water AHU.

16.Coordination for A/C Units;

Civil: Concrete foundation for A/C Units
Electrical: Power supply to the A/C Units
HVAC Control: Interfacing with control system
Fire Alarm: Interfacing with Fire Alarm system
17.Types of duct insulation
Fiberglass insulation
Rockwool insulation
Closed cell rubber insulation
18.Types of Chilled water piping insulation
Fiberglass insulation
Rockwool insulation
Polyurenated Foam
Closed cell rubber insulation
19.Material take-off for;
Ducting & insulation
Grills & Diffusers, dampers
Duct & Pipe supports
Piping, Valves, Flanges, Nuts & Bolts
20.Battery Room: The ducting & Grills should be stainless steel and exhaust fan
(1 duty + 1 standby) should be explosion proof.
21.Chilled Water Primary & secondary pumps :
Primary Pumps: Mostly constant flow and pumps the return chilled
water through chillers and up to the suction of secondary pumps.
Secondary Pumps: If the AHUs are with 2-way modulating valves, the
this pump motor should be with VFD to vary the flow to the
AHUs.Usually it is installed after the chiller.
If the AHUs are with 3-way modulating valves, then no need of VFD,it
will give constant water flow.
22.Chilled Water Piping connections, Valves to AHU:
Inlet : Isolation Valve (Butterfly Valve),Strainer,drain,locating pressure
& temperature gauges
outlet : Balancing Valve,2-way/3-way modulating valve, Isolation Valve
(Butterfly Valve),,drain, locating pressure & temperature gauges
23.Material Inspection: Before installation, all the material has to get inspected
by consultant for approval.
24.Site Installation inspection: All the site installation has to be inspected by
consultant for approval.
25.How to prioritize the site activities to give clearance to other services
26.Smoke test : to check air leakage in ducting
27.Testing, Adjusting & Air Balancing (TAB)

28.Commissioning of A/C Units : Make sure that the;

 All the ducting is completed and duct connection to the unit.
All refrigerant piping is completed and leak tested
Power supply to the unit
All the dampers are fully open

29.Commissioning of Chillers : Make sure that the;

All the piping is completed and piping connection to the Chillers,
Pumps & AHU.
All the chilled water piping is completed and leak tested and flushing
and chemical treatment is done
Water balancing
Power supply to the Chillers