SPSS Statistics

Ver. 2016
 SPSS
1-1 SPSS

SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Science

Statistical Products and Services Solutions

SPSS Microsoft DOS SPSS/PC+ Microsoft

Windows 6.17.07.58.09.012..014.0 SPSS
for Windows 22.0
22.0

1-2 SPSS

Real Stats , Real Easy SPSS

SPSS ( Graphical User InterfaceGUI )

( Pull-down Menus ) ( Dialogue Box )

( Tool Bar)
SPSS Excel (
)SASSPSS/PC+ ( )
( ASC ) Dbase ( Aston Tate )Lotus ( IBM
) SYLK

SPSS 50
( Statistical Quality ControlSQC )
( Diagnostic Exploratory Plots )

SPSS T

1
1-3 SPSS

PASW Statistics Base PASW Regression

PASW Advanced Statistics
PASW Forecasting
PASW Conjoint
PASW Missing Values
PASW Decision Trees
PASW Complex Samples
PASW Bootstrapping
PASW Custom Tables
PASW Categories
PASW Exact Tests
PASW Neural Networks
PASW Data Preparation
PASW Direct Marketing

1-4 SPSS
http://www.sinter.com.tw/spss_new/software/statistics.htm
http://www.sinter.com.tw/spss/index.htm

2
 SPSS
2-1 SPSS
SPSS Inc SPSS Statistics

2-1 SPSS

2-2 SPSS
SPSS SPSS Statistics

3
 2-2 SPSS

SPSS

Data Output
Script

2-3

2-3 SPSS
2-4 SPSS
1 4 5
2 3
6
7
8
12
9
13
10

14 11

15

16 2-4 SPSS

4
(1)

2-4-1

(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) SPSS

<1> File

2-4-2

5
<2> Edit

2-4-3

<3> View

2-4-4

6
<4> Data

2-4-5

<5> Transform

2-4-6

7
 <6> Analyze

2-4-7

<7> Graphs

2-4-8

8
 <8> Utilities

2-4-9

<9> Window

2-4-10

<10> Help

2-4-11

9
(7) SPSS

2-4-12

SPSS

()

case

( )

( )

2-1 SPSS

10
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12) ( )
(13)
(14) case
(15)
(16) SPSS SPSS

2-4-12

2-4 Excel
Excel SPSS SPSS
SPSS ( Data Format ) SPSS 14.0 Excel
Excel 4.0 ( 2-5 )
Excel (*.xls) EXCEL
SPSS( 2-6)

2-5 SPSS14.0 -

11
 2-6 SPSS17.0 -

2-5 SPSS
( SPSS Data Editor )
SPSS
( SPSS Viewer )
SPSS

( SPSS Syntax Editor )

SPSS
( SPSS Chart Editor )

12
 Data
3-1
SPSS Var00001
Var00002Var00003 3-1

3-1 SPSS

Data View Variable View

3-2 Data View Variable View

13
 NAME

3-3 NAME

Data View

3-4
14

SPSS
3-5 SPSS

3-5

3-2

(value)
1
2

Data View Variable View

3-6 Data View Variable View

15
 Value

3-7

Value Value Label

Add

OK

3-8

16
 Data View

Value Labels 12

( )

3-9 Value

17
 valuecopy
12345
value

3-10 Value

18
 3-11 valuecopy

(lable)

Data View Variable View

Label

19
 3-12

Data View

3-13

Data View Variable View

3-14

20


Data View Variable View

3-15

3-3 Merge Files

Data Merge
Add Cases

21
 3-16

3-17

Unpaired Variables

Variables in New Working Data File

22
 3-18

OK 121 130

3-19

Data Merge
Add Variables

23
 3-20

3-21

Excluded Data File () SPSS

New

Working Data File

24
 3-22

OK

3-23

3-4 Split File

25
 Data Split File

3-24

Compare groups Groups Based on

26
 3-25

OK

3-26

27
3-5 Select Cases

SPSS
SPSS

18
Data Select Cases

3-27

If condition is

satisfied

3-28

28
 if

Continue

3-29

OK 3-30

3-30

29
() 10

Random sample of cases

3-31
Sample
Continue 120 12
10%

3-32

30
 3-33
OK 12

3-34 ()

31


3-35 ()

3-6 Sort Cases

Data

3-36 (1)

32


3-37 (2)

3-38

33
3-6 Sort Cases
Data

3-39 (1)

3-39 (2)

34
 Transform
4-1 SPSS Compute
SPSS Compute
( 4.1)
Compute

Transform Compute

4-1

35


4-2

OK 4-3

4-3

36
 SPSS

ABS()
COS()
EXP()
LG10() 10
LN()
MAX()
MIN()
RND()
SIN()
SUM()
SQRT()
4-1 Compute
BMI RND

4-4

37
 4-5 BMI

4-5

4-2 Count

Count

38

Transform Count

4-6

Numeric Variables 4-7

4-7

39
 4-8 Range

4 5 Add

Continue

4-8

OK 4-9

4-9

40
4-3 Recode

Recode ( Into Different
Variables )( Into Different Variables )

Transform Into Different Variables

4-10

41


Output Variable Name

Change Old and New Values

4-11

59

RangeLowest 59

Value : 1 Add

4-12

4-12

42
 80 89

Range 80 through 89 Value

4 Add

4-13

90

Range Highest 90

Value 5 Add

Continue

4-14

43
 OK 4-15

4-15

3-2 1 5 4-16

4-16

44
4-4 Categorize Variables
Recode
SPSS (Range)
1 100 4 SPSS
1 25 26 50 51 75 76 100
5

Visual Binning
Transform

4-17

45
 Bin

Continue

4-18

Continue

OK

4-19

46
 Bin

4-20

1 20 21 40 41 60

61 80 81 100

1 4

4-21

47


5 4

4-22

4-23

48
 4-19 SPSS

4-24

49
 2D
5-1 Bar

5-1-1

5-1

50


5-2

5-3 _X

51


5-4 _Y

Output 5-5

5-5

52
5-1-2

Graphs

5-5

53


5-6

X :

X :

X :

54
 5-7

5-8 _Y

55
 Output

5-9

5-9

5-1-3
SPSS
5-5

SPSS

5-10

56
 5-10

5-11

57
 5-12 :

5-12

OK 5-13

5-13

58


5-14
5-15

5-15

59
 5-16

5-16

5-17

5-16 ()

5-17 ()

60

()

(:

5-16

5-16

( 5-17)

5-17

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 5-18

14

5-18

5-19

5-19

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5-20

5-20

5-21

12

5-21

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5-22

5-22

5-23

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 5-24

3-D

5-24

5-25

5-25

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5-2 Pie

5-2-1
()

5-26

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 /

5-27

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 5-28

5-28 _Y

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 Output 5-29

5-29

5-2-2

5-1-3 5-29

SPSS

5-30

69
 5-30

5-31

5-31

70
 5-32

5-32

5-33

5-33

71


5-34

5-34

5-3 Histogram

72
 5-35

73
 5-36

74
 5-37 _X

5-38 _Y

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 Output 5-39

5-39

5-4 Scatter

5-4-1

76
 5-40

77
 5-41

78
 5-42 _X & Y

Output 5-43

79
 5-43

5-4-2

Graphs

5-44

80
 /

5-45

81
 5-46 _X & Y &

Output 5-47

82
 5-47

5-4-3

SPSS

Graphs

83
 5-48

84
 5-49

/ ID/ 5-50

85
 5-50

5-51

(A9)-X (A10)-Y (A9)-X

(A13)-Y (A10)-X

(A9)-Y (A10)-X

(A13) -Y

86
 5-51

5-4-4
5-47

87
 5-52

5-53

88
 5-53

89
 5-54

5-55

90
 5-55

91
 5-56

5-57

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 5-57

5-58

5-58

93


5-59

5-60

94
 5-60

5-61

5-61

95


(Sample)

(Population)

SPSS

6-1

6-1-1 (Mean)
X

n X 1 , X 2 , , X n

n
X + X ++ X
X =1Xi = 1 2 n

n i =1 n

6-1-2 (Median)
Me

n X 1 , X 2 , , X n

n Me = X 1+ n
2

n
X + X n +1
n Me = 2 2

6-1-3 (Mode)
Mo

96
6-1-4 SPSS
SPSS

Analyze Descriptive Statistics Frequencies

6-1

Variable(s):

(S)

6-2

97
 6-3

Central Tendency

Continue

6-3

6-4

120 120

0 0

162.98 63.38

162.00 62.00

169 62

19558 7606

6-4

98
6-2

6-2-1 (Standard Deviation)

S
^ ^
P P P
^
P

(Precision)

( )
n

X i X
2

S= i =1

n 1

6-2-2 (Variance)

S
2
=
(X X )
i
2

n 1

6-2-3 (Range)

Range = Max { X 1 , X 2 ,, X n }- Min { X 1 , X 2 ,, X n }

99
6-2-4 (Quartiles Difference)

(Max) (Min)

(
Q )
1 () (
Q 2 ) (
Q 3 )
QD

QD = Q 2 Q
3 1

6-2-5 SPSS

Analyze Descriptive Statistics Frequencies

6-5

100
 Variable(s):

(S)

6-6

6-7

Continue

6-7

101
 6-8

2550 75

170.75 153.00 72.00 56.25

=8.875 =7.875
2 2

120 120

0 0

13.848 10.605

191.764 112.457

54 45

25 153.00 56.25

50 162.00 62.00

75 170.75 72.00

6-8

6-3

6-3-1 (Coefficient of Variance)

191.764 112.457

CV

S
CV =
X

102
6-3-2 (Z )
X~N( , ) X
2

X
0 1 Z~N(0,1)

X
Z=

XX
Z=
S

6-3-3 SPSS
SPSS 6-16-2
( 6-3-1)

Analyze Descriptive Statistics Descriptives

6-9

103
 Variable(s):

6-10

6-10

6-11 Mean

Std. deviation Variance

Continue

6-11

104
 6-12 ZA9ZA10

6-12

105

7-1 t (One-Sample t-test)

7-1-1

H 0 : = 0

H 1 : 0

X
2 Z =

n
n

X
2 t = ~ t n 1
S
n

S S
2 2

(X X)
n
2
i
S= i =1

n 1
C (Critical Region)

H 0

2 C = Z Z > Z
2

Z
2 Z

P-value P-value< H 0

106
 2 C = t t > t (n 1)
2
t
2 t

P-value P-value< H 0
SPSS Z
t

7-1-2 SPSS t
SPSS
165

Analyze Compare Means One-Sample T Test

7-1 t

107
 Test Variable(s):

Test Value:

7-2
7-3

Continue

7-3

108
 7-4

7-4 t

t t -1.595(n-1) 119 P-value

0.113 0.05 0.113>0.05 H 0 95%

165 95%
{165-4.52 , 165+0.49}={161.42 , 165.49}

7-2 t (Paired-Samples t-test)

7-2-1

H 0 : 1 = 2

H 1 : 1 2

1 2

109
 X1 X 2
t= ~ t n 1
Sd
n

X 1 X 2

n S d

{ X 11 X 21 , X 12 X 22 , , X 1n X 2 n }

X ij
i j

(Y Y )
n
2
j
j =1
Sd =
n 1
Yj = X1j X 2 j
, Y

C (Critical Region)

H 0

C = t t > t (n 1)
2
t
2 t

P-value P-value< H 0

110
7-2-2 SPSS t
SPSS

Analyze Compare Means Paired-Samples T Test

7-5 t

Paired Variable(s):

7-6

111
 7-7

Continue

7-7
7-8

7-8 t

t t
3.024P-value 0.003 0.05 0.003<0.05

112

8-1
X Y

X ~ N ( 1 , 12 ) n1

Y ~ N ( 2 , 22 ) n2

H 0 : 1 = 2

H 1 : 1 2

1 2
2 2

X1 X 2
Z=
12 22
+
n1 n2

1 2
2 2

(1) 12 = 22 = 2

X1 X 2
t= ~ t n1 + n2 2
1 1
Sp +
n1 n2

S p =
(n1 1)S12 + (n2 1)S 22
n1 + n2 2

(2) 12 22
2
S12 S 2
+
X1 X 2 n1 n2
t= ~ 2 2
t
S12 S 22 S12 S 22
+
n1 n2 n1 + n2
n1 1 n2 1

113
 C (Critical Region)

H 0

12 22 C = Z Z > Z
2

Z Z
2

P-value P-value< H 0

1 2
2 2

(1) 12 = 22 = 2 C = t t > t (n1 + n2 2)

2
t
2 t

P-value P-value< H 0

(2) 12 22 C = t t > t (v)

2
t
2 t v
2
S12 S 2
+
1 n2
n
2 2
S12 S 22

n1 + n2
n1 1 n2 1

P-value P-value< H 0
SPSS Z
t

114
8-2 SPSS
SPSS
8-1

8-1

T
Analyze Compare Means Independent-Sample T Test

8-2 t

115
 Test Variable(s):

Grouping Variable:

8-3 Define Groups

8-3

8-4 1

( 1) 2:

( 2) Continue

8-4

116
 8-5

8-5 t

(1) 12 = 22 = 2
() t

0.228P-value 0.820 0.05 0.820>0.05

(2) 12 22
() t

0.228P-value 0.820 0.05 0.820>0.05

117


(United Way)

()

ONLINE GAME

ONLINE GAME

()

40%30% 30%

()

118
9-1

1.

2. fi

3.

ei

4.
kk ( f e ) 2
2
22 = ii ii
ii=
=11 eii

k1

5.

p-

2 2

k1

6.

0.40.3 0.3

()

H0: P =0.4P =0.3 P =0.3

Ha: H0 False

119
 RUN SPSS

9-1

( HO)

9-2

120

=0.05
P-VALUE=0.678 >0.05
HO

(fi) (ei) (fi- ei)
44 48.0 -4.0
40 36.0 4.0
36 36.0 .0

120

.778a

2
.678
P-VALUE
a. 0 (.0%) 5
36.0

RUN fi

(fi)
44 36.7 36.7 36.7
40 33.3 33.3 70.0
36 30.0 30.0 100.0

120 100.0 100.0

121
9-2

1.

2. fij

3. eij
(Row i Total) (Column j Total) (R i ) (Cj )
eij = =
Sample size n
4.

( f ijij eijij ) 22
=
22
ii jj eijij

R C (R1)(C1)

5.

p-

2 2

(R1)(C1)

6.

ONLINE GAME

ONLINE GAME (

)()

H0: ONLINE GAME

Ha: H0 False

122
 RUN SPSS

9-3

ONLINE GAME

9-4

123


9-5

9-6

124

=0.05
P-VALUE=0.539 >0.05
HOonline game

online game? * 120 100.0% 0 .0% 120 100.0%

online game? *

8 7 7 7 7 36
online 7.2 7.8 5.4 6.9 8.7 36.0
game?
online 22.2% 19.4% 19.4% 19.4% 19.4% 100.0%
game?
7 8 1 5 10 31
6.2 6.7 4.7 5.9 7.5 31.0
online 22.6% 25.8% 3.2% 16.1% 32.3% 100.0%
game?
4 7 3 7 8 29
5.8 6.3 4.4 5.6 7.0 29.0
online 13.8% 24.1% 10.3% 24.1% 27.6% 100.0%
game?
5 4 7 4 4 24
4.8 5.2 3.6 4.6 5.8 24.0
online 20.8% 16.7% 29.2% 16.7% 16.7% 100.0%
game?
24 26 18 23 29 120
24.0 26.0 18.0 23.0 29.0 120.0
online 20.0% 21.7% 15.0% 19.2% 24.2% 100.0%
game?

()
Pearson 10.888a 12 .539
11.620 12 .477
.040 1 .841
120
a. 5 (25.0%) 5 3.60

125

10-1
key-in
SPSS

Analyze Descriptive Statistics Frequencies

10-1
key-in

126
10-2
[1] (Cronbachs )

Analyze Scale Reliability Analysis

10-2

: Model

Alpha

10-3

127
 [2] ( Split-half
Reliability)

Analyze Scale Reliability Analysis

10-4

128
 : Model

10-5

129
 Correlation Analysis
11-1 (Bivariate)

SPSS

Analyze Correlate Bivariate

11-1

Variable(s):

Correlation Coefficients Test of

Significance Flag significant correlations

11-2

130
 11-2
Variables
Correlation Coefficients
Test of Significance
Flag significant correlations 0.05
* 0.01**

Options

11-3
11-3
Options
Statistics
Means and standard deviations

Cross-product deviations and covariances

Missing Values
[ 11.1] ( 11.1.sav)
(1) Pearson Spearman
(2) 0.05
(3)

131
11-2 (Partial)

Analyze Correlate Partial

11-4

Variable(s)

Controlling for: Test of

Significance Display actual significance

level

11-5

132
 11-5
Variables
Controlling for
Test of Significance
Display actual significance level
P-value* 0.05
** 0.01

Options

11-6
11-6
Options

Statistics
Means and standard deviations

Zero-order correlations

Missing Values

133
 [ 11.2]
( 11.1)

[ 11.3]
( 10.1)

11-3 (Distances)

Analyze Correlate Distances

11-7

134
 Variable(s):

11-8

11-8
Variables
Label Cases by


Compute Distances(Between
variables)(Between cases)
Measure(Similarities)(Dissimilarities)

135
 Measures

11-9
11-9
Measure
Transform Values

Transform Measures(Absolute
values)(change sign)
0 1

136
[ 11.4] ( 11.1)
(1)
(Euclidean distance)
(2) (1)
(3) 10
10 Pearson

(4) (3) 10 Cosine

137
 Regression Analysis
12-1 (Linear)

Analyze Regression Linear

12-1

Dependent

Independent(s):

12-2

138
 12-2
Dependent
Independent(s)
Method(forward)(backward)
(stepwise)
Selection Variable

Case Labels
WLS


Statistics
Plots
Save SPSS
Options

Statistics

12-3

139
 12-3
Statistics
Estimates BB
(beta ) t p-value

beta beta t p-value

tolerance
Confidence intervals
Covariance matrix

Model fitSPSS RR2adjusted R2 ANOVA

R squared change
Descriptives
p-value
Part and partial correlations
(partial)(part)
Co linearity diagnostics tolerance
VIF
Durbin-Watson Durbin-Watson
Casewise diagnostics
All cases
Outliers outside n standard deviation

140
 Plots

12-4
12-4
Plots
Y
X
Standardized Residual Plots Histogram
Normal probability plot

Produce all partial plots

141
 Save

12-5
12-5
Save SPSS
Predicted Values
(Unstandardized)(Standardized)(Adjusted)
(S.E. of
mean prediction)
Residuals(Unstandardized)
(Standardized)t (Studentized)(Deleted)
t
(Studentized deleted) t

Distances
Predicted Intervals
(Mean)(Individual)
Influence Statistics

142
 Dfbeta(s)
Standardized Dfbeta(s) Dfbeta(s)DfFit
Standardized DfFit DfFit
ovariance ratio

Options

12-6
12-6

Include constant in equation
SPSS
Missing Values

143
 [ 12.1]
( 12.1)
(1) 0.05 (Analyze-
Descriptive Statistics- Explore)
(2) forward

Durbin-Watson (Co linearity
diagnostics)
(3)
(4) (1)~(3)

12-2 (Curve Estimation)

Analyze Regression Curve Estimation

12-7

144
 Dependent

Independent(s):

12-8
12-8
Dependent
Independent(s) Time

Case Labels
Models
Include constant in equation
SPSS
Plot models

ANOVA Display ANOVA table ANOVA

145
 Save

12-9
12-9
Save
[ 12.2]
( 12.1)

146


Nonparametric Method
13-1 (Chi-Square)

Analyze Nonparametric Tests Chi-Square

13-1 _

147


13-2
13-2
Test Variable List
Expected RangeGet from data
Use specified range

Expected ValuesAll categori
es equalValues

Options

13-3

148
 13-3
Options

[ 13.1]( 13.1)=0.05

[ 13.2]
100

10097325332076513580
63467354876809590918
17392927494556619224
80020401636027302452
08426924764896048052
019
=0.01

[ 13.3] 8:00 9:00

30% 32% 34% 4%
8:00 9:00
300 95 100 85
20
(1) =0.05
(2) =0.05

149
13-2 (Binomial)

Analyze Nonparametric Tests Binomial

13-4 _

13-5

150
 13-5
Test Variable List
Define DichotomyGet from data
Cut point

Test Proportion

13-6
13-6
Options

[ 13.4] ( 13.2) 20
(1)=0.05
(2)( 12.3)(1)=0.05

[ 13.5]( 13.4)=0.05

151
13-3 (Runs)
Run Test

Analyze Nonparametric Tests Runs

13-7 _

Run

13-8

152
 13-8
Test Variable List
Cut Point Run Median
ModeMean
Custom

13-9
13-9
Options

[ 13.6]( 13.5) 2000 12

=0.05 2000 12

153
13-4 Kolmogorov-Smirnov (1-Sample K-S)

Kolmogorov-Smirnov

K-S
Analyze Nonparametric Tests 1-Sample K-S

13-10 _ K-S

13-11

154
 13-11
Test Variable List
Test Distribution

13-12
13-12
Options

[ 13.7] 24

0~49.5 1
49.5~59.5 2
59.5~69.5 3
69.5~79.5 10
79.5~89.5 4
89.5~99.5 3
99.5~ 1
=0.05

155
13-5 (2 Independent Samples)
Mann-Whitney U
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z Wald-Wolfowitz runs Moses extreme
reactions

Analyze Nonparametric Tests 1-Sample K-S

13-13 _

13-14

156
 13-14
Test Variable List
Grouping Variable
Test TypeMann-Whitney U
t
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z
Moses
extreme reactions
Wald-Wolfowitz runs

Result Coach

13-15
13-15
Options

157
[ 13.8] ( 13.6)
(1) =0.05
(2) =0.05
(3) =0.05

[ 13.9]

80 60 22 2 3
35 30 10 31 36
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z =0.05 Ho:

[ 13.10] 10 9

90 107 95 106 83 115 85 94 99 93

91 90 90 92 93 92 88 88 86
Moses extreme reactions =0.05
(Ho:)

[ 13.11]

18.1 20.3 11.7 12.7 27.1 18.1 15.1 11.4 11.1 10.3
15.2 11.4 12.7 10.9 12.1 11.4 10.2 10.3 10.2 10.3
Wald-Wolfowitz runs =0.05

158
13-6 k (Crosstab)
K K

Analyze Nonparametric 1-Sample K-S

13-16 _K

12-17

159
 [ 13.12] 13.9

=0.05 Ho:
13.9

13-7

Fisher (Crosstab)

Fisher

Analyze Nonparametric 1-Sample K-S

13-18 _

160


13-19
[ 13.13]

140 5
65 67
Fisher =0.05
(1)Ho:

(2)Ho:

161
13-8 (2 Related Samples)
Me Nemar Wilcoxon

Analyze Nonparametric 2 Related Samples

13-20 _

13-21

162
 13-21
Test Pair(s) List
Test TypeMc Nemar
Sign
Wilcoxon

13-22
13-22
Options

[1] Mc Nemar (Crosstab; 2 Related
Samples)

Mc Nemar

(1) SPSS Analyze Descriptive statistics Crosstabs
Statistics McNemar OK
(2) SPSS Analyze Nonparametric Tests 2 Related
Samples McNemar OK

163
[ 13.14] ( 13.7)
100 3
3

23 18
24 35
=0.05

[2] Sign Wilcoxon

(2 Related Samples):
Sign Wilcoxon

[ 13.15] SPSS SAS

10 SPSS SAS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
SAS 95 79 57 122 70 43 89 78 65 88
SPSS 104 90 42 148 88 72 114 53 79 87

(1) =0.05 Sign SAS SPSS

(2) (1) Wilcoxon

164
13-9 k (K Independent Samples)
K
Median Kruskal-Wallis

K
Analyze Nonparametric Crosstabs

13-23 _K

13-24

165
 13-24
Test Variable List
Grouping Variable
Test Type

13-25
13-25
Options

[ 13.16]( 13.8)

50 69 55 53 19
22 38 36 26 1
23 2 36 23 0
3 0 14 2 12
(1) =0.05
(2) =0.05
(Levene Test)
(3) =0.05
(Run Test)
(4) =0.05 ANOVA

(5) =0.05 Kruskal-Wallis

166