V2 0雅思冲刺段写作教材

雅思标准化教程
写作
第三阶段
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美联出国考试产品中心编著
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总策划：吴艳
编委：美联出国考试产品中心教材编委会写作组
陈振龙（厦门）方庭鑫（东莞）郭浩源（广州）黄艺晴（中山）
梁国斌（佛山）　刘晨（成都）王悦（深圳）吴昊（北京）
耿杉（产品中心）刘楠（产品中心）
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坦率的讲，出国考试事业部的同事找到我，让我给新出版的教材写序，我还是有点为难的，
毕竟不是我曾经教授过的科目，怕写错了，误人子弟，但反过来又怕因为推卸，影响大家的
感受，也就只有勉为其难了。
其实说起来，我也是和今天的很多学子一样，十几年前经历过托福与 GRE 考试的人，至今

回想那一个个三点以后才能入睡的夜晚以及码齐满桌的参考书与练习册，依旧历历在目。即
使今天，时常国外出差，看到或者聊到某个单词，还是会神经质的反应，嗯，这是个托福词
汇，那是个 GRE 词汇。所以首先我想说的是雅思这个考试真的绝不仅仅是一个考试而已，
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而确实是国外生活与学习的必修语言内容，很多词汇、语法与句型将会终生受用，确实是一
个名副其实的能力测评考试，这个考试不仅是必须考，也值得学。
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考试其实这是出国的一个条件，不是目的，如果要正确面对和理解考试，我们首先就应该了
解现在的留学这件事无论是学校，社会与学习者都发生了什么样的变化，事实上一切都在
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变，学校的考察维度在变，学习者的学习目的在变，教学的形式也在变，十几年前，可以说
是一个几乎唯分数论的时代，而今几乎所有的大学尤其是优秀的大学对中国考生的录取更倾
向于全面的考察，过去的学习者的目标更多的是名校，全奖不在乎专业，希望能借出国这件
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事情来改变人生，而今几乎人人都明白出国并不是件很难的事情，而且专业从某种程度上来
说，比名校更重要，更不要指望仅仅通过出国这件事就能改变人生，光宗耀祖，那只是一种
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经历而已。过去的学生与现在的学生所期望的教学形式也在经历巨变，大班、演讲、说教与
权威已经成为过去式，个性化的内容，亦师亦友老师，高品质的学校环境越来越成为主流。
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在这样的大环境下，美联出国考试这个品牌，正是带着对这个时代留学趋势与走向的思考而
诞生的，从中心环境，到师生关系，到教材编写、到教辅流程、到教学班型与方法，我们都
是为新时代而生，为新时代的学子而生，也正是因为这样的基因设计，有这样一批心怀理想
的事业部的同事专业而投入的奋斗，过去的 5 年里，我们的出国考试事业部取得令人瞩目的
成绩，得到了广大学子与家长的好评，而且奋斗至今，我们也更加坚信，我们所走的道路是
正确的，光明的，我们也必将继续为之而奋斗，更加彻底的拥抱这个新时代！
美联国际教育科技集团总裁
彭斯光
前言
“博观而约取，厚积而薄发。”
美联出国考试全新标准化雅思考试教材凝聚了美联出国考试教师们丰富的教学经验、长期的
教研沉淀，对雅思考试的听、说、读、写各个科目的考点进行了系统化、结构化的梳理。由
易到难的知识点讲解、简单明了的方法论阐述、循序渐进的模块化教学，既符合英语语言学
习本身的特点，又符合学生准备考试的实际需求。
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本套教材内容全面，包括《雅思听力基础标准教材》、《雅思写作基础标准教材》、《雅
考
思口语基础标准教材》、《雅思阅读基础标准教材》等 12 本教材，适合考生在准备雅思考
试时使用。希望本套教材能帮助更多的考生顺利通过考试，实现求学梦想。
美联出国考试，培养学习能力，助力提分梦想！
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目录
Unit 1 雅思写作 Task1 动态图........................................................................................ 1
Unit 2 雅思写作 Task1 静态图...................................................................................... 18
Unit 3 雅思写作 Task1 地图和流程图.......................................................................... 28
Unit 4 雅思写作 Task2 论证方法.................................................................................. 41
Unit 5 雅思写作 Task2 题目类型一同意与否和双边讨论类....................................54
Unit 6 雅思写作 Task2 题目类型二优缺点和报告类................................................ 65
Unit 7 雅思写作 Task2 社会类...................................................................................... 81
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Unit 8 雅思写作 Task2 教育类...................................................................................... 89
Unit 9 雅思写作 Task2 环境类...................................................................................... 98
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Unit 10 雅思写作 Task2 科技类.................................................................................. 106
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Unit 11 雅思写作 Task2 政府类...................................................................................117
Unit 12 雅思写作 Task2 文化类.................................................................................. 123
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ANSWER KEY...............................................................................................................131
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Unit 1 雅思写作 Task1 动态图
Objectives ：
1. 熟练掌握动态图写作思路
2. 掌握四种动态图写法异同
3. 掌握 7 分+范文写作要点
4. 积累优化表达
PART 1 动态图讲解
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雅思小作文数据类图表共有四种类型，分别是表格、柱状图、饼状图和线图。其中，
具有时间（或年龄等）变化的图表称为动态图，如下图：
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动态图
1. 动态图：图表内数据信息包含时间线，写作重点在于描述数据的变化，主要包含
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四种趋势：上升、下降、波动、平衡。
2. 动态图类型：线图属于动态图，是动态图分析的基础。另外，包含时间变化的柱
状图、饼状图和表格也属于动态图。
3. 动态图写作思路
在进行动态图的分析和写作时，可将不同的动态图转换为线图去理解，并根据线的
数量确定题型，灵活运用下列相对应的数据分析方法，进行合理的分段和写作。
(1) 单曲线图：往往出现于混合图题目中（包含两种不同类型图表的题目）。
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写作要点：一线一段，按照时间顺序描述数据变化，注意句型多样。
范文：
In 1960, the number of cases stood at approximately 100. That number rose
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steadily to 200 by 1970 and then increased more sharply to 500 in 1975. At this
point the number of cases remained stable until 1980 before plummeting to zero
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by 1990. From 1990 to 1995 Someland was free of the disease.
(2) 双曲线图：往往以柱状图或混合图形式出现，分为两类题型：趋势差异较大，
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或趋势有同有异。
 趋势差异较大的双曲线题型：两根曲线趋势呈相反或不相关状。
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写作要点：一线一段，主体段由两段构成，注意段落间转折。
范文：
The data indicated that radio listeners increased substantially before 8 am, when
the percentage reached to a peak of 27%. Then, it…
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However, during the same period of time, the percentage of TV viewers
experienced a remarkably different trend. A moderate increase was shown
during the period from 6 am to 8:30….
 趋势有同有异的双曲线题型：两根曲线的趋势有明显的相似部分。
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写作要点：趋势相似部分一段，趋势相差较大的部分一段，注意不同段落间
的转折，以及在描述趋势差异部分的段落内部的转折。
范文：
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According to the line graph, the young population showed a downward trend in
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1950, falling from 30% to around 12% in 2010. By contrast, during the same
period of time, the older population kept rising from 5% in 1950 to 15% in 2010.
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However, ever since 2010, the percentages of people from two age groups
shared the same trend, stabilizing at 15% and 12% respectively. Up till now, the
percentage of older people has been higher than that of younger ones and it will
maintain the higher position till 2040.
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(3) 三曲线图：往往会出现在线图或柱状动态数据图题中。
写作要点：三曲线题型往往会有两根曲线具有双曲线图特征，将这两根曲线
写成一段，剩下的一根曲线的趋势跟另外两根差异较大，单独成段。
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范文：
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From 1940 to 1990, the percentages of people aged 65+ in the US and Sweden
were similar and followed the same trend. In 1940, the figures were 9% and 7%
respectively, rising to 15% and 14% in 1980, before dipping to 14% and 13% in
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1990. Thereafter, American's proportion of people over 65 years old leveled out
and is forecast to remain at 14% until 2020, after which it is expected to increase
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to 23% in 2040. However, Sweden's proportion of people aged 65+ began to rise
until 2010 when the proportion was 20%. Then, there is expected to be a slight
drop to 18% in 2030, followed by a rapid growth to 25% in 2040.
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By contrast, the situation in Japan differed considerably, with a fall in the
percentage of people aged 65+ between 1940 （ 5% ） and 1960 (3%). The
percentage remained steady until 1985, where it began to climb. This rise is
projected to continue until around 2030, when the proportion of Japanese aged
65+ is expected to reach 10%. Thereafter, within just a few years, the proportion is
forecast to rise dramatically to 25%, with a less dramatic rise to 27% in 2040.
(4) 多曲线图：包含四根或以上曲线的动态图为常考的动态图题型，可以分为趋势
差异较大型和量级差异较大两类题型，可以分别按趋势和量级分段，同时需要注意
无论哪一种题型，量级较大的对象都应重点描述。
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 趋势差异较大的多曲线题型：趋势类别较多，曲线复杂交错。
写作要点：根据起点和终点确定曲线趋势，同趋势曲线写一段，分为 2 到 3
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段，量级较大的曲线先描述。
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As can be seen in the graph, UK remained the country with the largest amount
of CO2 emission, although there was a decline to 9 metric tons in 2007. Sweden
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CO2 emission also experienced a remarkable drop, yet with a peak above 10
metric tons in 1977 before decreasing swiftly to 5.5 metric tons in 2007.
By contrast, Italy and Portugal showed an opposite trend during the four
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decades…
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 量级差异较大的多曲线题型：趋势类别较少，曲线大致呈分层状。
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写作要点：根据数量级对曲线进行分段，优先描述量级较大的曲线变化。
范文：
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Petrol and oil are the dominant fuel sources throughout this period, with 35
quadrillion (35 q) units used in 1980，rising to 42q in 2012. Despite some initial
fluctuation, from 1995 there was a steady increase. This is expected to continue,
reaching 47q in 2030.
Consumption of energy derived from natural gas and coal is similar over the
period. From 20q and 15q respectively in 1980, gas showed an initial fall and coal
a gradual increase, with the two fuels equal between 1985 and 1990. Consumption
has fluctuated since 1990 but both presented 24q in 2015. Coal is predicted to
increase steadily to 31q in 2030, whereas after 2014, gas is expected to remain
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stable at 25q.
In 1980, energy from nuclear, hydro- and solar/wind power was equal at only
4q...
不同类型动态图写法异同
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动态数据图包括了线图以及数据随时间发生变化的柱状图、饼图和表格四种类型。
1. 不同类型动态图写法的相同点
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不同图表类型虽然数据表现形式不一样，但本质均是为了呈现不同对象在一定时间
内的数据变化，因此不同图表类型之间可以相互转换，一般建议转换成线图，这是
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动态数据图的共性。
以下列柱图为例，转换方法：连接同对象的柱子顶点，构成曲线：
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分析：分别连接四个国家的柱子顶点构成四线图，发现不同曲线趋势差异较
大。因此根据同趋势曲线写一段且优先描述量级较大的曲线变化原则，主体
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段落应分三段，即下降曲线（China）
、波动曲线（America）、上升曲线（Japan
and Russia）。
范文：
There were over 25000 Chinese applicants in 2004 which was the highest record
among the four countries. Then a gradual decrease started after that year,
eventually falling to 15000 in 2008.
Clearly, we can see the fluctuation in the number of American applicants,

starting from 20000 in 2004 and dropping to 10000 in 2007. Surprisingly, the
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number soared up to about 27000 applicants in 2008, which was even higher than
the record in 2004.
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For Japanese applicants, there was a continuous increase over the period of five
years. Japan had 10000 applicants in 2008, which doubled the number in 2004.
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The number of Russian applicants experienced a similar trend, yet after
reaching 8000 students in 2007 from about 1000 in 2004, the figure decreased
back to fewer than 5000 students. During these 4-year period Russia was lower
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than those of the other three countries over the five years.
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2. 不同类型动态图写法的差异
虽然动态图表之间可以相互转换，但不同的图表具有一定各自的特征，因此出题方
式略有差异，对应的写法也需要根据题型进行调整。
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(1) 曲线图：曲线图是唯一形式只能是动态图的图形，特点是直观呈现数据的趋势
变化，因此写作中应对重点对象的数据变化进行详细描述。
Body 1: Car theft generally had the highest record over the 35-year period. There
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were 0.4 million cases in 1970, and then the increase continued until 1995 which
was a peak record with 1.6 million cases. However, the figure drastically dropped
all the way to 1 million.
(2) 柱状图：柱状图是高频写作题型，特点是直观比较不同对象同一时期的数据高
低，因此在写作中需要进行更多的比较。
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Body 1: The main users of the Internet in Taiwan are young adults between 16 and
30 years old. In 1998, they represented more than half of all users. In 1999 the
number decreased slightly to 45%, but even in 2000 they were the biggest group.
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Body 2: The second biggest group of users is aged between 31 and 50. They took
up 41% in 1998, falling slightly to 37% in 2000. When combined with the 16-30
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age group, over 94% of users in 1998 were between 16 and 50.
Body 3: However this number is dropping steadily as more children and older
users log on. In 1999, the number of children online increased from 2% to 8%, and
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it continued to increase in 2000. There were similar increases for older users,
rising from 4% in 1998 to 10% in 2000.
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另外，柱状图也容易出现以递增年龄层取代时间线的情况，此时可将柱状图理解为
数据随年龄的增加而变化的动态图。
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Body 1: The graph shows that there is a gradual decrease in study for career
reasons with age. Nearly 80% of students under 26 years old study for their career.
This percentage gradually declines by approximately 15% every decade. Only
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40% of 40-49 year olds and 18% of over 49 years old study for career reasons in
late adulthood.
Body 2: Conversely, the graph shows that study stemming from interest increases
with age…
(3) 饼状图：单一饼状图不可能是动态图，因此动态题目往往包含两个及以上的饼
图，特点是直观呈现不同对象占整体的比例大小，因此在写作中需要注重占比的表
达和不同对象之间的比较的描述。
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Body 1: The percentage of contaminant from air accounted for the largest amount
in both years, decreasing slightly from 50% in 1997 to 38% in 2007. The figures for
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domestic sewage and offshore oil also experienced an upward trend and grew
dramatically from 18% to 32% and 5% to 15% respectively in this period.
Body 2: However, the same period of time witnessed a considerable drop in the
proportion of the other three types of pollutants. In 1997, marine transport waste
represented 25% of the total pollutants and the percentage of contaminant coming
from industrial waste and farm waste took up 17% and 4% respectively. However,
by 2007, the figures for all of these three kinds of waste dropped to 8%, 7% and 2%
respectively.
(4) 表格：特点是直观呈现研究对象具体数值，因此会出现具体数据过多的题型，
写作中需要注意对重点数据（数值较高）进行描述，部分数据可以省略不计。
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Body 1: In 2001, over 43 thousand residents of inner London commuted by
bicycle, and this figure rose to more than 106 thousand in 2011, an increase of
144%. By contrast, although outer London had the second highest number of
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cycling commuters in each year, the percentage change, at only 45%, was the
lowest of the twelve areas shown in the table.
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Body 2: Brighton and Hove saw the second biggest increase (109%) in the
number of residents cycling to work, but Bristol was the UK’s second city in terms
of total numbers of cycling commuters, with 8,108 in 2001 and 15,768 in 2011.
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Figures for the other eight areas were below the 10 thousand mark in both years.
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PART 2 动态图表常用表达
6 分常用表达 7-8 分优化表达词性

on the whole overall adv.
in these 25 years during this 25-year period
about / around approximately adv.
decrease decline / dwindle / dip / slip vi.
increase show an upward trend
go up and down fluctuate vi.
experience undergo / witness vt.
become more than exceed / surpass / overtake
grow fast grow dramatically / soar / rocket v.
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fall fast fall drastically / plunge / plummet
much higher considerable / substantially / significantly
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a little higher marginally higher / slightly higher /
fractionally higher
take up account for / represent / constitute / occupy
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the rest of the remainder / the remaining
two times twice as many ( or much) as / double
three times threefold / a threefold increase adj.
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finally eventually
in an opposite way conversely adv.
compared with by contrast, ... / in contrast, ... / in
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comparison with... / by comparison with...
just like ... , ... similarly, ... / likewise, ...
clearly it is noticeable that...
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the data of the corresponding data / the data of their
counterparts
reach the highest point at peak at... v.
reach ... amount to v.
A will ... A is expected / projected to
group category
always consistently / continuously / invariably adv.
Then, From this point onwards,
huge massive adj.
kind of relatively adv.
We can see that ... We can discern that ...
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PART 3 7 分范文赏析
The graph below shows radio and television audiences of United Kingdom
throughout the day in the year 1992.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
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The graph shows the change of percentage of TV and Radio audiences over
4-years old throughout the day during the period October-December 1992.
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The data indicates that the percentage of radio listeners started at 8% at 7 am and
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increased substantially before 8:00 am, when the percentage amounted to a peak
of 27%. The percentage then declined steadily to 11% at 4:00 pm, which was
followed by a slight increase to 15% at 5:00 pm. However, from then on, there
was again a gradual decrease to 2% until 4:00 am, when the percentage bottomed
out. The period from 4:00 am to 6:00 am saw another slight rise to 4% in radio
listeners.
Similarly, the percentage of TV viewers went up from 6:00 am to 8:30 am, when
there was a leveling off at 8% for the next one hour and a half. After a slight
decrease, the percentage rose sharply to 15% between 12 pm and 2 pm with
surpassing that of Radio in 1 pm, before it dropped slightly. The peak (45%) was
reached at 8:00 pm after a massive rise from 14% since 3:00 pm. However, the
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period between 8:00 pm and 3:00 am saw a slump in television viewers. The
percentage reached the bottom of 3% at 3:00 am, when there was a slight rise
afterwards.
In conclusion, the popularity of Radio was higher in the morning while the
reverse was true for TV at night. (239 words)
范文分析：
TA： This answer sufficiently presents and illustrates the key points of the information.
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The writer groups the data effectively and draws clear comparisons.
CC：The information is well organized. The writer manages all aspects of cohesion well,
and uses paragraphing appropriately.
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LR ： The answer uses a wide range of vocabulary flexibly but the attempt to use
sophisticated lexical items is not sufficiently achieved.
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GRA：A variety of structures is used with some fluency and the majority of sentences are
error-free.
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Practice
1. 文章分析
OGT8
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chart below shows the annual number of rentals and sales (in various
formats) of films from a particular store between 2002 and 2011.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
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The bar chart demonstrates the number of rentals and sales of films in varying
formats (VHS, DVD and Blu-ray) per year in a shop over a nine year period from
2002 to 2011.
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As the information shown in the chart demonstrates, most people preferred to rent
movies at the beginning of the period. The number of rentals was just over 180,000
in 2002, while the numbers of VHS and DVD sales were only 85,000 and 48,000.
After that, the number of rented films and VHS sales showed downward trends,
falling dramatically to just below 60,000 in 2011 and 10,000 in 2005 respectively
and it is noticeable that on one bought VHS after 2006.
On the other hand, there was a rise of DVD sales, peaking at 215,000 in 2007. And
then the figure experienced a gradual decline to nearly 180,000 in the final year.
Blue-ray, a new movie format, which appeared in 2007, gained in popularity
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rapidly from 2,000 sales in 2007 to 13,000 in 2011.
Overall, it is clear that renting and buying DVDs were the two most popular ways
to watch movies over the given period. (188 words)
Review：What have we learned so far?

1.动态图写作思路
2.四种动态图写法异同
3.7 分范文写作要点
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4.记忆优化表达
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Homework
1. 完成以下题目
C8T2
The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular
UK school in 1981, 1991 and 2001.
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2. 记忆本章单词表达
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Unit 2 雅思写作 Task1 静态图
Objectives ：
1. 掌握静态图写作思路
2. 掌握 7 分+范文写作要点
PART 1 静态图讲解
与雅思小作文动态图相比，静态图不涉及到数据趋势变化的描述，而是重点描述某
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个时间节点下，数据之间的大小对比，无时间变化。
静态图主要包括：柱图、饼图、表格图。静态图重在比较关系上，三种静态图写作
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思路如下：
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静态柱图写作思路：(1) 按颜色来分类；(2) 按特征来分类
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main reason for migration to/from the UK-2007
Immigration
Emigration
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静态饼图写作思路：(1) 若饼图不相关，分别写然后总结；(2) 上图中两饼图间可以
比较同一相关事物。
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静态表格写作思路：(1) 先分类；(2) 找到极值；(3) 描述剩余数值
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PART 2 静态图表表达
1. 衔接手段
概括段开头 Overall, …
It is clear that …
从概括段过渡到主体段 To be more specific, …
In particular, …
Looking the chart more closely, …
It can be seen from the chart that…
变换描述对象 In terms of…/ Regarding…/ As for…
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Turning to (the table/ the chart), …
对比信息句间信息对比 By contrast, …/
In comparison, …/ However, …
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句内信息对比 whereas/ while/ yet
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2. 比较句型
描述最大、最小值
 The number [C]/ amount [U]/ percentage of +主题+图例信息+ was the highest/
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largest/ lowest/ smallest, at +数字.
 人/机构/国家 + V. + the highest/ smallest number/ amount/ percentage of +主题
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+图例信息, at 数字.
 The highest/ smallest number/ amount/ percentage of +人（描述对象）+ V +主
题, at 数字.
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 类别+ took up/ occupied/ represented/ accounted for + the largest/ smallest
percentage of the total+表示某类数量的词(e.g. sales/ production/ emission 等),
at +百分比.
对比大小
 The number/ amount/ percentage of +比较对象 A + is + 差额 + larger/ higher/
smaller/ lower than + that + 介词 +比较对象 B
 The number/ amount/ percentage of +比较对象 A + is + larger/ higher/ smaller/
lower than + that +介词+比较对象 B, at + 数字.
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倍数比较
The number/ amount/ percentage of + 比较对象 A + is + (twice/ double/ three
times/…) + that + 介词 + 比较对象 B.
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PART 3 7 分范文分析
静态饼图
The pie charts below show how dangerous waste products are dealt with in three
countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparison where relevant.
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The pie charts compare the methods used in Korea, Sweden and the UK to dispose
of harmful waste.
It is clear that in both the UK and Sweden, underground burial is the most
important method of waste disposal. By contrast, most hazardous materials in the
Republic of Korea are recycled.
To be more specific, the largest percentage of dangerous waste is buried
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underground in the UK (82%) and in Sweden (55%), while only 22% of such waste
go to landfill sites in Korea. The most important waste disposal technique in Korea
is recycling, used to handle nearly 70% of its waste. In comparison, the Swedish
recycle just a quarter of their waste whereas the British do not recycle at all.
In terms of the other three methods, incineration is employed to deal with the
harmful waste in all three countries, with 20% burnt in Sweden, 9% in Korea and a
mere 2% in the UK. Dumping at sea and chemical treatment, however, are only
used in the UK to handle 8% of its total waste separately. (176 words)
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范文分析：
TA ： This response reports all the data on the pie charts accurately, with an extended
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overview.
CC：The information is logically organised with a clear progression throughout. Cohesive
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devices are used flexibly. Referencing and substitution are well managed.
LR： A range of vocabulary is used without spelling errors. The response also displays
good control of word formation.
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GRA：A range of complex structures is used accurately and sentences are free of errors.
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静态表格/柱图
The table shows the percentage of journeys made by different forms of transport in
four countries. The bar chart shows the results of a survey into car use.
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The table shows the percentage of transport modes used in four countries, namely
the Canada, Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands. Meanwhile, the bar graph
explains why people choose cars for travelling to work in Canada.
Overall, cars are the most popular means of transport in all four nations. And
most people in Canada have no choice but to drive to work.
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It can be seen from the table that the largest proportion of people travel by car in
all these countries, ranging from 90% in the Canada to 47% in the Netherlands.
Whereas public transport is slightly more favoured by Germans (18%), bicycling
and walking are significantly more common in the Netherlands than in the other
countries, with 26 percent and 18 percent respectively.
As for why most Canadians commute by car, around 38% of the respondents
choose to drive as there are no other means of transport. Nearly a third are
required to use a car at work. Another quarter prefer cars for the convenience they
provide. For the rest of the surveyed, they either value speed or they have to work
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at night. (185 words)
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范文分析：
TA：The answer summarises the data of both charts by carefully selecting key features.
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CC ： The information is well organised, with clearly signalled progression. Linking
devices are used accurately and paragraphing is appropriate. Referencing is used to avoid
repetition.
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LR：A good range of vocabulary is used to describe the information accurately to avoid
repetition. The answer shows a good control of word formation.
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GRA：A combination of simple and complex structures is used with accuracy.
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Practice
The pie charts below show the average household expenditures in Japan and
Malaysia in the year 2010.
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1. 静态图写作思路
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Homework
1. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The table below shows social and economic indicators for four countries in
1994 according to United Nations statistics. Describe the information shown
below in your own words. What implications do the indicators have for the
countries?
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Unit 3 雅思写作 Task1 地图和流程图
Objectives ：
1. 掌握地图题/流程图写作思路
2. 掌握 7 分范文写作写法
PART 1 地图题和流程图讲解
Task 1 的题目中，地图题和流程图题属于非数据类图表。
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地图题常考察某地（室内/户外）的变迁，流程图主要考察生产流程，辅以考察自然
流程。
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地图如下：
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流程图如下：
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地图题写作思路：（1）按时间顺序；（2）对比变化前后区别（大变化-小变化-无变
化）
流程题写作思路：按各步骤的先后顺序
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PART 2 地图和流程图表达
地图
1. 方位表达
 方向
南北东西 south/ north/ east/ west
东南/西南/东北/西北 southeast/ southwest/ northeast/ northwest
在……的南面（内部） in the south of
在……的南面（外部） to the south of
在……的东南角 in the southeastern corner of +地点
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 位置
位于…… be located/ situated +介词
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在……对面 opposite/ across from +地点
在……旁边 next to +地点
沿着……（马路、河流等） along +地点
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被……围着 be surrounded by…
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2. 建筑物相关动词
拆除 be demolished/ knocked down/ removed
建造 be built/constructed/ erected
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改造为 be turned into/ changed into/ developed into/
transformed into/ converted into/ redesigned
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as
为……挪出位置 make way for
被……取代 be replaced by/ with
面积变化：变大 expand
面积变化：变小 shrink
3. 树木相关动词
被砍倒；被移植 be cut down/ chopped down/ removed
4. 区域功能
居住的 residential
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工业的 industrial
商业的 commercial
教育的 educational
农业的 agricultural
娱乐的 recreational
5. 衔接句型
There are some noticeable changes in…
One of the most obvious changes is (that)…/ One obvious change is (that)…
Looking to the north of the river, we can see…
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Further development can be witnessed in…
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流程图
1. 顺序表达
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首先 First(ly), + 句子
At the first stage in the process, + 句子
The process begins with + n/ V-ing
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其次 Secondly, + 句子
Next, / Then, / then/ After that, + 句子
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At the following stage, + 句子
The second/ following step involves + n/ V-ing
最后 Finally,.../Eventually, ...
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2. 常见工序动词及过去式
生产
放置
收集
加热/融化
produce – produced
lay – laid
gather/ collect – gathered/ collected
heat/ melt – heated/ melted
冷却/冷冻 cool/ freeze – cooled/ frozen
碾碎 grind – ground
倒入/注入 pour – poured
混合 mix – mixed
转动涡轮（发电） turn the turbine to generate electricity
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运输 transport/ deliver/ send – transported/ delivered/ sent
（电）传输 transmit – transmitted
移除 remove – removed
包装 package/ pack – packaged/ packed
塑形 shape/ mould – shaped/ moulded
3. 常用表达句型
图表共有……步骤， It is clear from the diagram that there are …steps
始于……， in the process, beginning with … and ending
终于……。 with ...
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某材料先被……， (某材料) is …(工序一) before it is … (工序二)
后被…… (某材料) is …(工序一) before being … (工序二)
(某材料) is sent to … (某设施/设备) where it will
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某材料被送到……，
在这被…… be …(工序)
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PART 3 7 分范文分析
地图
The maps below show the changes experienced by the town of Lakeside at the
beginning of the 21st Century.
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The maps illustrate how the town of Lakeside developed over a 9-year period from
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2000 to 2009.
Overall, the town underwent mass industrialization, with less accommodation and
more modern facilities.
Several major changes took place in the northwest of the town. While the old town
made way for an office and a university, the derelict warehouse was converted into
a car park. In addition, the residential area near the town center was replaced by the
emergence of a shopping centre and the original art centre was developed into a
cinema. Despite these developments, the school on the western bank of the river
and the residential area in the northwestern corner of the town remained unchanged
throughout the period shown.
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In the southeast of the town, the accommodation area was demolished to make way
for the expansion of the industrial complex. Furthermore, the lake at the end of the
river in the town shrank in size and became a pond in 2010. (161 words)
范文分析：
TA ： This response presents the key features of the maps. The description is accurate
enough, and the summary clearly identified the differences between the two maps.
CC ： The organisation of information can be followed easily, though some aspect, the
position of the buildings could have been put in the first place, with a clear progression
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throughout. Cohesive devices are used adequately.
LR： A range of vocabulary is used without spelling errors. The response also displays
good control of word formation although the attempt to use sophisticated lexical items is
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not sufficiently achieved.
GRA：The answer shows a variety of grammar structures, and sentences do not contain
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errors.
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流程图
The diagram below shows the process of milk production.
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The flow chart illustrates how wasted glass bottles are recycled.
Overall, there are three main stages including collecting, processing and bottling in
the process of milk production before being sold in the supermarkets. In addition,
there are several steps in each stage.
Initially, wasted glass bottles are gathered at a collection point before being
transported to a glass factory. The bottles are then subjected to high-pressure water
and sorted out according to their colours, including clear, green and brown.
Afterwards, the categorized bottles are processed in the glass factory in which it is
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broken into pieces and melted in a furnace at between 600 and 800 degrees Celsius.
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The next step is to pour both new and recycled molten glass into a mould where it
will be cooled and turn solid into new glass bottles. These containers will then be
bottled and labelled. Eventually, these products will be shipped for sale on
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supermarket shelves. (154 words)
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范文分析：
TA ： This answer describes all the key features on the chart appropriately, with an
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extended overview.
CC： The description is well organised, and a smooth progression is achieved by using
linkers and referencing flexibly.
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LR：A range of vocabulary is used and most are relevant to this task. The response also
displays good control of word formation.
GRA：A mix of sentence structures is used, with some simple sentences, which limit the
range.
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Practice
The pictures below show the changes that took place at Laguna Beach from 1950
to 1990.
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The diagram below shows the process of milk production.
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1. 地图和流程图写作思路
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Homework
The maps below show how the town of Harborne changed from 1936 to 2007.
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The diagram illustrates the process that is used to manufacture bricks for the
building industry.
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Unit 4 雅思写作 Task2 论证方法
Objectives ：
掌握 Task2 论证方法：
1. 因果论证
2. 举例论证
3. 对比论证
4. 事实论证
5. 综合使用
PART 1 Task 2 论证方法概述
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雅思写作大作文的论证方法多种多样，归纳起来一共有如下几种。分别是：
1. 因果论证 (development by reason)
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2. 举例论证 (development by giving examples)
3. 对比论证 (development by contrast)
4. 事实论证 (development by facts)
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5. 综合使用
在不同情况下，可以使用不同的论证方法来拓展自己的论点，不用拘于一格甚至可
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以综合使用多种论证方法。下面将对每种论证方法一一分析说明。
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PART 2 Task 2 论证方法讲解
因果论证 (development by reason)
因果论证是根据客观事物之间具有的普遍和必然的因果联系规律，通过提示原因来
论证结果。
当你写分论点时，如果能有效地提供清晰的内在因果逻辑，读者就可以更好地理解
文章。请看下面的例证。
In many countries, more and more people can buy a wide range of household goods
like television, microwave oven and rice cooker. Is it a positive or negative
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development? Discuss both views and give your opinion.
例证 1
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A well-functioned television is likely to be cast aside because of a high-definition
TV which can give viewers a more thrilling experience and a computer may sink
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into obscurity with the invention of a portable laptop.
试分析本段是如何运用因果关系来论证分论点的。
例证 2
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The obsession with purchasing and replacing household goods, indeed, indicates
that there are some advantages. If we live in a modern and automatic home, our
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living standard is definitely improved. The convenience brought by domestic
appliances can also free us from time-consuming family trivia which bothers most
of housewives, thereby giving people more time to do something they think
valuable.
试分析本段是如何运用因果关系来论证分论点的。
表示因果关系常用的词汇：
连词 because/since/for/as...（+句子）表“由于......”
副词/短语 as a result /therefore /hence /consequently /so... + 句子表 “ 因
此……”
介词 due to/ owing to/ because of... +名词/ 动名词表“由于……”
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动词 result in, create, lead to, bring about, give rise to, contribute to, be
responsible for, attribute... to... 表“导致”
名词 reason/factor/cause; result/consequence/effect
Practice 1 句子翻译练习
1). 我认为尽管这个趋势在就业和经济方面带来了一些效益，但缺点更是显而易见的，
因为包含风险，而且对进出口国都有负面影响。
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2). 我认为有这样的观点可能是因为当地人没得到经济利益，或是因为当地的传统和
生态也许正在经受威胁，以及可能由于误解而产生了冲突。
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3). 然而，如果没有外部的因素，想象力是不会自动转化成创造力的，而其中一个最
重要的外界因素就是科技的发展。
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4). 我坚决同意年轻人应该去社区义务劳动的观点，因为这种活动会带来双重好处。
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Practice 2 段落写作
That advertising has a negative impact.
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举例论证 (development by giving examples)
举例说明是，用人们熟悉易懂的具体事例来阐释陌生难懂的事物或事理。一个抽象
的道理可以通过具体形象、浅显易懂的例子说得明白易懂。请看下面的例证。
例证 1
Governments should make people responsible for looking after their own local
environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Initially, local civilians, if work together, can realize their full potential to protect the
local environment. As residents always greatly outnumber civil servants, even small
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amounts of each individual’s effort may have dramatic effects on the environment.
For example, local dwellers are able to keep their community clean by not throwing
trash randomly on the road. And it results in a virtuous cycle since less people tend
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to leave small pieces of unwanted trash on such a clean block.
试分析本段是如何运用举例论证来论证分论点的。
例证 2
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Some people believe that the range of technology available to individuals is
increasing the gap between the rich people and the poor people. Others think this
has an opposite effect. Discuss both view and give your own opinion.
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On the one hand, it is true that the richer a person is, the more he benefits from the
technology enhancement. There is no doubt that those with more possession focus
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more on the cutting-edge technology’s impacts on people’s life. By doing this, they
smell the trend of the future market right from the beginning and buy relevant stocks
accordingly. For example, they had, since five years ago, held the stocks of Amazon
and Apple, which have tripled the stock price since a significant amount of people
have purchased their products, long before other people even saw their potential.
试分析本段是如何运用举例论证来论证分论点的。
举例说明常用表达：
For example;
For instance;
Take... for example;
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Take... as an example;
A case in point is...
1). 例如，如果他们喜欢写作，那么他们可能就想强迫孩子也跟着这样做。
2). 除此之外，乘坐地铁时，乘客可以控制到达目的地的时间。例如，工作时间从 9
点开始的员工乘地铁几次后应该可以确定出门的确切时间。
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3). 最直观的是，在离职后，他们的月薪往往会更高。例如，具有一年编程工作经验
的毕业生可能会在另一家公司赚取双倍的薪水，因为整个市场都需要熟练的程序员。
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4). 拆除一些老建筑将破坏一个国家的美学独特性，因为文化认同的最重要组成部分
之一被摧毁了。例如，如果紫禁城被拆除，北京将与任何外国大都市一模一样。
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5). 解决此问题的有效方法是学校课程增加更多的团队合作和小组作业。这种做法会
鼓励学生之间的合作。例如，要求他们一起在短时间内就给定主题进行演示。
Traditional games can greatly assist in the development of important skills.
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对比论证 (development by contrast)
对比论证，是正反对比论证的简称，也称比较法，是把两种事物加以对照、比较后，
推导出它们之间的差异点，映衬出结论的论证方法。当我们对自己的分论点进行了
2-3 句的扩展却仍感不足时，我们可以使用对比论证来续写，使论证更长且更加有力。
此外，当正面论证不足时，可以采用反面对比论证。
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常用的对比论证有三种：
1. 与反面事物对比 However/On the other hand/ By contrast/ In contrast 等
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2. 假设对比 If/Provided/Without/Lack of...等
3. 时间今昔对比 In the past....But nowadays...
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例证 1
Some people argue that building the underground railway system can ease the
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pressure on the transport system, while others think building or broadening roads
can achieve this. Discuss both views and give your own opinion?
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Even though building wider roads and new lanes may have positive effects on traffic
congestion, it merely solves the problem for a short time, as the same issue occurs
when the continuous increasing number of cars overwhelm the road capacity. The
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metro system, however, can significantly relieve the traffic congestion by channeling
more people to take the public transport instead of driving.
试分析本段是如何运用对比论证来论证分论点的。
例证 2
Some countries spend a lot of money preparing competitors to take part in major
competitions such as Olympic Games or football World Cup. Some people say that it
would be better to spend this money encouraging children to take up sports from a
young age. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
America is the unbeaten leader in many of these events and it is not surprising.
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Annual government reports show that the US investments in its sports clubs are one
of the highest. By contrast, African government spends much less of their budget on
sport. This fact easily explains why America outperforms most other countries in
sports.
例证 3
Some groups, such as poor people and people from rural areas, think universities
should make it especially easy for them to get access to university education. To
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what extent do you agree or disagree?
It is undeniable that the education in poor or rural areas lacks the ability to compete
with that of the big cities; thus, to help such students, that the universities lower the
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standards could lose the nature and specialty of their education. However, without
the chance for the group, they would never have motivation to change their mobility
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of social status, which also exert negative influence on the country.
例证 4
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Many people today prefer socialize online to spend time with friends in local
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community, do advantages outweigh disadvantages?
In the past, the geographical barrier took its toll on the number and scope of friends
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individuals can make, which means that the interpersonal relation was made only in
the proximity of where we live and work and therefore the diversity of interpersonal
relationship will be reduced. However, based on the Internet, a variety of social
networking such as Facebook, Twitter and Linked in enable individuals to make new
friends and build business connections.
1). 然而，得出此结论并不等同于我们就可以忽视体育和音乐的重要性，在求职的过
程中它们并非没有用处。
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2). 然而，这种观点应根据收入的不同而做相应的调整，从而能更有效地使用公共资
金。
3). 如果禁养宠物，所有与宠物相关的从业人员将失去工作，从而使经济恶化。
4). 换句话说，学习知识需要扎实的基础。没有铺就的基石，大学和学术研究将像空
中城堡一样不切实际。
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5). 相反，如果在校学生受到司法系统中一些经验丰富人员的教育，则学生可能会对
他们专业知识记忆深刻全面，并意识到法律的威慑力。
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One of the best ways to solve environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuels for
cars and other vehicles.
事实论证 (development by facts)
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雅思议论文中很重要的一个扩展方式是用事实说话。事实论证是从一般实例中提取
出来的理论作为依据，概括性强而且更加具有说服力。
常用的事实论证的短语：
One research group finds that...
A study/research conducted by... shows that...
According to one recent survey, ...
例证 1
Some people say modern children's games do not develop a wide range of skills,
while traditional games can be much better for developing such skills. To what
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extent do you agree or disagree?
It is true that spending much time on video or mobile games enhances some skills.
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When children play video games in groups, they often take turns leading and
following, depending on who has specific skills needed in that game. A study shows
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that teens who had played group games online felt they had gained leadership skills
such as persuading and motivating others.
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试分析本段是如何运用事实论证来论证分论点的。
例证 2
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With the development of market economies advertising has become a dominant
feature in the television industry. Despite the wealth of information that is brought
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to us by television, there still exists strong criticism against TV advertising. What is
your opinion?
In fact, TV advertisers are well aware that children are captive audiences who are
vulnerable to the hard sell, the flashy images, and the recurring images that implant
messages into their receptive minds. Research has shown that there is a direct
association between television commercials for junk foods, snacks and candies and
mounting levels of obesity among children.
试分析本段是如何运用事实论证来论证分论点的。
Practice 7 句子翻译
1). 研究表明，暴饮暴食与吸烟一样有害。因此，应禁止某些食品的广告，就像在许
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多国家禁止香烟的广告一样。
2). 最新的研究调查显示，大多数人都在乎私家车带来的舒适性和便利性，而不是交
通成本。
3). 根据最新调查，过去活跃的稀有动物中有 60％以上消失了，这绝对是人类的悲
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剧性损失，因为某些濒临灭绝的动物可以作为珍贵的科学证据，对人类及整个动物
界进行研究。
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4). 最近的一份调查指出，大多数人认为家长太过溺爱自己的孩子。
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5). 根据最近的一项调查，只有十分之二的美国人非常信任他们从本地新闻机构获得
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的信息，无论是在线还是线下。
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综合使用
有时候，我们单独使用前四种扩展方法无法取得较为充分的论证，或者段落仍然太
短，建议同学们综合考虑四种方法：可以将两种或两种以上的方法进行综合使用。
下面，我们通过翻译来提升多种方法并用的能力。
例证 1
Some people think that in the modern world we are more dependent on each other,
while others think that people have become more independent. Discuss both views
and give your own opinion.
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However, I would agree with those who believe that people are more independent
these days. In most countries, families are becoming smaller and more dispersed,
which means that people cannot count on relatives as much as they used to. We also
have more freedom to travel and live far away from our home towns. For example,
many students choose to study abroad instead of going to their local university, and
this experience makes them more independent as they learn to live alone. Another
factor in this growing independence is technology, which allows us to work alone
and from any part of the world.
试分析本段是如何运用综合论证来论证分论点的。
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Practice 8
造成这种趋势的原因可能是人们认识到，直接从学校进入大学的年轻人，在对于世
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界的常识和经验方面非常受限。相反，那些花了一段时间去谋生或者去其他地方旅
行的人，拥有更广阔的视野和更多的个人资源去运用。他们倾向于更加独立，这是
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学术研究中的一个非常重要的因素，并且在应对学习生活挑战方面给了他们优势。
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Practice 9
但是，使用技术进行教育教学也存在一些弊端，因此，传统教学的意义不容忽视。例
如，当学生坐在笔记本电脑前独自学习时，他们可能不会集中注意力，而在教室中
时，由于讲师和学生之间的气氛更加活跃且有更多的互动，他们的学习效率可能会
更高。
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1. 四种拓展方法的运用方法
2. 四种拓展方法的常用表达
3. 记忆拓展方法的好词好句
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出
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Homework
Write about the following topic:
environment.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
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Some people say modern children’s games do not develop a wide range of skills,
while traditional games can be much better for developing such skills.
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出
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Unit 5 雅思写作 Task2 题目类型一
同意与否和双边讨论类
Objectives ：
1. 熟知同意与否类思路与框架
2. 熟知双边讨论类思路与框架
PART 1 题目类型介绍
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Task 2 是议论文，按题目类型，Task 2 分为五类：同意与否、双边讨论、优缺点、
报告、混合。每种题目类型对写作思路、文章框架均有不同要求。
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本章介绍考试频率最高的两种题型：同意与否、双边讨论。
1. 同意与否 (Agree or Disagree)
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本类题目会在问题句中出现标志字眼 agree or disagree.它要求考生回答“（在多少程
度上）同意或是反对某个观点”，给出有关论点并进行论述。
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此外，按自 2017 年起国内雅思考试的写作出题数据统计，这种题型在大作文的考查
比重最高。因此，如果单纯从题型出发，在复习时间极为紧迫的情况下可考虑重点
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练习这种题型。
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2. 双边讨论 (Discuss and Give)
题目会在问题句中出现标志字眼 Discuss…and give…这种题目对于国内考生来说可
能稍显陌生：题目会给出两个相异的观点（常用 Some… Other…句式），要求考生同
时讨论这两个观点，另外还要给出自己的观点。
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PART 2 题型例题展示
以下给出的是这两种题型的例题：
1. 同意与否题 (Agree or Disagree)

 Living in big cities is bad for people’s health. To what extent do you agree or
disagree? (2017-06-03)
 Some people believe that it is a good idea to continue to work at their old age.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2017-11-02)
 Some people believe that employers should not be concerned about the way
their employees dress, but the quality of their work. To what extent do you
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agree or disagree? (2018-02-10)
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2. 双边讨论题 (Discuss and Give)
 Some people want government to spend money on life on other planets,
however, others think it is a waste of public money when the earth has so
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many problems. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (2017-02-25)
 Some people think advertising has many positive economic effects, but others
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think it has some negative effects on the society, because it will make people
feel dissatisfied about who they are and what they have. Discuss both views
and give your opinion. (2017-04-22)
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 Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing
the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little
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effect on public health and that other measures are required. Discuss both
these views and give your own opinion. (C9 Test 3)
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PART 3 同意与否题(Agree or Disagree)思路
首先看一下这个题型的典型问题句：To what extent do you agree or disagree?
有 to what extent 表示程度，回应思路总体有以下三种：

1. 完全同意
完全同意的态度需要提供 2-3 个同意原因（论点）支撑。但因为写作 Task 2
常在题目观点里加上像 all, always, every, must, never, not at all, no 一类极端表
达，或者观点本身非常奇葩，这时写完全同意的风险相当高。务必注意审题。
2. 完全反对
完全反对的态度需要提供 2-3 个反对的原因支撑。奇葩观点比较适合这种方
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式，这种方法在素材库充实起来之后会更好用。
3. 部分同意/部分反对
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这个方法实际上是批判性思维的体现，它要求学生将讨论对象提取出 AB 两
组再分别展开讨论，随后可以按情况用以下三个方法展开：
转折让步：先论述 A 的合理性，转折弱化 A 强化 B。
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
 设置条件：选择 A 还是选择 B，要取决于某个条件。
 两者共存：AB 都有用，分别论证两者重要性，以此说明两者不可或缺。
Example:
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Some people believe that it is a good idea to continue to work at their old age. To
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what extent do you agree or disagree? (2017-11-02)
此题没有极端表达，所以这一题可以选择的应对范围很大：
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1. 完全同意：理由可以是“工作可以让不少独居老年人避免孤独”或者“工
作能让部分经济来源有限的老年人能更好维持生活”等。
2. 完全反对：理由可以是“老年人更容易造成工作损失”、“老年人更容易
受到工作事故的威胁”等。
3. 转折让步（部分赞成）：
4. 转折让步（部分反对）：
5. 制造条件：
但是，这个题目不能使用“两者共存”的回应方式，因为这条题目的讨论对
象 A“继续工作很好”与 B“继续工作不好”互斥，不可同时发生。
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只有不互斥的讨论对象才能共存，比如：
Some people believe that employers should not be concerned about the way their
employees dress, but the quality of their work. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
(2018-02-10)
这题里面 A 的“员工衣着”与 B 的“工作质量”很明显不互斥，因此可共存，
此时只需要分别论证 AB 的重要性，点明 AB 共存比只取一个更合理即可。
6. 两者共存：
分析以下题目可否使用下列回应方法，并给出支撑观点用的论点。
Practice 1
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Art classes, like painting and drawing, are not as important as other subjects, so
some people think that it should not be a compulsory subject at high school.
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完全同意：
完全反对：
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转折让步（部分反对）：
转折让步（部分同意）：
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制造条件：
两者共存：
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Practice 2
Lectures were used in the past with many students. With modern technology
available for education, there is no justification for this way of teaching.
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完全同意：
完全反对：
转折让步（部分反对）：
转折让步（部分同意）：
制造条件：
两者共存：
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PART 4 双边讨论题(Discuss and Give)思路
首先看一下这个题型典型的问题句： Discuss both these views and give your own

opinion。
这种题型会在题目中给出 A 方观点与 B 方观点(both these views)，再结合问题的要

求，回应方式应按照如下结构：
A 方观点（的合理原因）+B 方观点（的合理原因）+个人观点
其中，个人观点部分可以按如下两种思路进行操作：
1. 转折让步：
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非常常用的方法。在 AB 双方中选择一方支持作为个人观点，随后可弱化不支
持的一方。
2. 设置条件：
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论述完两者合理性后，以“选择 AB 应取决于某个条件”作为个人观点并两边
都展开论述，不过这个回应方式在这种题型里比较少用。
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3. 二者共存：
这个方法通常只在遇上 AB 最好共存的时候才会使用。在论述完两者合理性后，
以“我认为 AB 应该共存”作为个人观点，而实际上用这种方法的个人观点部
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分会变成对 AB 各自合理性的简单合并汇总。
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Example:
Some people want government to spend money on life on other planets, however,
others think it is a waste of public money when the earth has so many problems.
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Discuss both views and give your opinion. (2017-02-25)
1. 转折让步（赞成 A）：个人观点可以是“寻找外星生命比尝试解决地球上的
问题会更有价值”+“虽然地球上有很多问题，但是如果能把资金优先投入到
寻找外星生命，可能会找到这些问题的解决方式”等。
2. 转折让步（赞成 B）：个人观点可以是“地球上确实很多问题应该优先于探
索外星生命”+“虽然探索外星生命可能会带来更多的生物学发现，但是只有
把迫在眉睫的问题缓解了，探索外星生物的可能成果才有机会在未来派上用
场。”等。
3. 设置条件：
4. 二者共存：
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分析以下题目可否使用下列回应方法，并试给出支撑观点用的理由。
Practice 3
Some people think education is to prepare individuals useful for society, some people
think education is for preparing individuals to achieve personal ambitions.
转折让步（赞成 A）：
转折让步（赞成 B）：
设置条件：
二者共存：
Practice 4
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Some people believe that a country can benefit a lot from university education. Others
believe that sending a large number of young students to go to university leads to
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unemployment. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (2017-06-17)
转折让步（赞成 A）：
转折让步（赞成 B）：
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设置条件：
二者共存：
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PART 5 题型结构框架
议论文的结构
雅思写作 Task 2 和其他议论文一样，采取总-分-总的结构。
一共由以下三大部分构成：引入段、主体段、结尾段。
1. 引入段：常用于介绍题目出现的背景、引入题目、表明观点；
2. 主体段：讨论观点。主体段常以论点（总）- 论证（分）来构成；
3. 结尾段：主要以总结方式重申前文的观点与论点。
而从段落数目来看，雅思写作 Task 2 中常见有两种标准：四段式与五段式，其差异
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主要体现在主体段到底写两个还是三个。
下面会给出通用结构（五段式）
开头段
背景：给出题目出现的背景
引入题目：给出题目要讨论的观点
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个人观点：给出考生所选观点
论点 1：持有的观点或者理由
主体段 1
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论证部分：展开上面的理由进行论证，一般 2-3 句话
论点 2：持有的观点或者理由
主体段 2
论证部分：展开上面的理由进行论证，一般 2-3 句话
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主体段 3 论点 3：持有的观点或者理由
（可选）论证部分：展开上面的理由进行论证，一般 2 句话
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重申个人观点
结尾段
重申论点 1 与论点 2
如果是四段式的话，只需要把主体段 3 删除，相应延长主体段 1、2 即可。
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同意与否题的结构
1. 表示完全同意/完全反对的四段式结构框架
开头段引入题目：给出题目要讨论的观点
个人观点：完全同意 / 完全反对
论点 1：同意/反对的理由
主体段 1
论证部分：展开上面理由进行论证，一般 2-4 句话
论点 2：同意/反对的理由
主体段 2
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重申个人观点：完全同意 / 完全反对某观点
结尾段
重申论点：原因是论点 1 与论点 2
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2 表示让步转折的四段式结构框架
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个人观点：虽然…，但是…
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主体段 1 论点 1：不可否认的是…
（弱）论证部分：展开上面理由进行论证，一般 2-4 句话
主体段 2 论点 2：然而…
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（强）论证部分：展开上面理由进行论证，一般 2-4 句话
重申个人观点：部分同意/部分反对某观点
结尾段
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重申论点：因为即使论点 1，但是论点 2
3. 表示设置条件的四段式结构框架
个人观点：是否做某事应该取决于…
论点 1：一方面，条件…的情况下…
主体段 1
论点 2：另一方面，条件…时就应该…
主体段 2
结尾段重申个人观点：是否做某事应考虑某条件
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重申论点：条件…时，就应该…
4 表示双方共存的四段式结构框架
个人观点：双方同等重要
论点 1：不可否认的是…
主体段 1
论点 2：然而，…也应该纳入考虑
主体段 2
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结尾段重申个人观点：虽然…，但是…也是非常有必要
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双边讨论题的结构
1. 表示让步转折的四段式结构框架
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开头段引入题目：有人认为…，而其他人则认为…
个人观点：虽然…，但是…
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主体段 1 论点：同意 A 的理由
（A）论证部分：展开上面理由进行论证，一般 2-4 句话
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主体段 2 论点：同意 B 的理由
（B）论证部分：展开上面理由进行论证，一般 2-4 句话
主体段 3 论点：同意 A/B
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（自己）论证部分：虽然…，但是…
2. 表示设置条件的四段式结构框架
个人观点：是否做某事应该取决于…
主体段 3 论点：是否做某事应考虑某条件
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（自己）论证部分：如果条件成立时…；否则….
3. 表示双方共存的四段式结构框架
个人观点：双方同等重要
主体段 3 论点：我认为 AB 应该共存
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（自己）论证部分：应该 A，同时也应该 B
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1. 熟知同意与否类思路与框架
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2. 熟知双边讨论类思路与框架
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Homework
1. 列出以下题目的写作思路与结构：
(1) Traffic and housing problems in major cities can be solved by moving large
companies, factories and their employees to the countryside.
(2) Some people believe arts like painting and music do not directly improve the quality
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of life, and therefore they think government’s money should be spent on other things.
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(3) Some people think governments should spend money on measures to save languages
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with few speakers from dying out completely. Others think this is a waste of financial
resources.
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(4) Some people think young people are not suitable for important positions in the
government. While other people think it is a good idea for young people to take on these
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positions.
2.回答问题：什么时候题目的讨论对象不能应用“双方共存”的写法？试为这种情
况尝试找到最少三个剑桥题目或者真题案例。
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Unit 6 雅思写作 Task2 题目类型二
优缺点和报告类
Objectives ：
1. 熟知优缺点思路与框架
2. 熟知报告类思路与框架
3. 熟知混合类思路与框架
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PART 1 题目类型介绍
Task 2 是议论文，按题目类型，Task 2 分为五类：同意与否、双边讨论、优缺点、
考
报告、混合。每种题目类型对写作思路、文章框架均有不同要求。
本章介绍另外三种题型：优缺点、报告类和混合类。
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1. 优缺点 (Outweigh or Pos/Neg)
本类题目一般要求考生按优点、缺点展开讨论，实际上分成两种：
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 Outweigh
优缺点题目最常见的形式，常在问题句出现 outweigh 这个词，前后表示优缺点的词
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会变。而其欺骗性在于，事实上考生必须对优点与缺点分别展开讨论。
 Pos/Neg
与前一种不同，这类题目的问题句比较固定，一定有 Positive or negative，一般只对
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其中一方展开讨论。
2. 报告类 (Report)
本类题目是大陆地区雅思考试的罕见题型，每年 5 次左右。特征是会在问题句中出
现特殊疑问句。报告类一般要求考生回答以下问题的组合：
 问题的原因 (Reason/Cause/Why)
 问题的解决方式 (Solution/Measure/How)
 导致的问题或后果 (Result/Effect/Problem/What)
3.混合类 (Report + Other)

同样，混合类也是大陆地区雅思考试的罕见题型，频率与报告类相仿。本类题目实
际上只有两种题型组合，相当于两问：
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 报告类+同意与否
 报告类+优缺点，值得注意的是近年来这类考察比例较高。
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PART 2 题型例题展示
以下给出的是这两种题型的例题：
1. 优缺点 (Outweigh or Pos/Neg)

 In some countries, it's possible to buy a wide variety of foods transported from
other countries. To what extent the benefits outweigh its drawbacks? (2017-05-13)
 Online shopping is replacing shopping in stores. Do you think this is a positive
or negative development? (2017-11-11)
 New technologies have changed the way children spend their free time. Do you
think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? (2019-02-14)
2. 报告类 (Report)
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 As the major cities continue to grow, what kind of problems may the young
people face? How to solve these problems? (2017-11-25)
Figures show that in some countries, there is an ever-increasing proportion of
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
population aged 15 or younger. What do you think the effect of current and future in
those countries? (2018-02-01)
出
 In some countries, people waste a lot of food which is bought in shops and
restaurants. What do you think are the reasons? What can be done to solve this
problem? (2019-01-17)
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3. 混合类 (Report with Other)
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 Today many young people change their jobs or careers every few years. What do
you think are the reasons for this? Do you think the advantages outweigh its
disadvantages? (2018-06-07)
 Newspapers have an enormous influence on people’s view. Why is this？Is it a
positive or negative development? (2019-3-14)
 Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and
pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures
do you think might be effective? (C8 Test 3)
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PART 3 优缺点(Outweigh or Pos/Neg)思路
Outweigh 思路
Outweigh 类通常会问：Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

必须分别提及好坏处双方，偶有比较，所以这种题型只有转折让步的思路，
它要求先提及其中一方，随后转折到另一方。必要时弱化前者。
Example:
In some countries, it's possible to buy a wide variety of foods transported from other
countries. To what extent the benefits outweigh its drawbacks? (2017-05-13)
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1. 转折让步（好转坏）：论点可以是“不可否认进口食品能丰富食谱，提升生活
质量”+“但是引入的竞争可能会增加本地供应商面临的风险”等。
2. 转折让步（好转坏，弱化好）：论点可以是“不可否认进口食品会让本地供应
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商产生竞争意识进而可能提高本地食品质量”+“但是食品供应商更可能会通过
降价提升竞争力（弱化前文好处），一旦长期发展下去，最终将对本地农民与部
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分小供应商带来严重损伤”等。
3. 转折让步（坏转好）：
4. 转折让步（坏转好，弱化坏）：
出
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Pos/Neg 思路
这类通常会问：Is it a positive or negative development?

这种题目不存在中间态度，正负只能二选一，故以下两种思路更稳妥：
1. 正面 (Positive)
正面的趋势需要提供 2-3 个优点支撑。
2. 负面 (Negative)
负面的趋势需要提供 2-3 个缺点支撑。
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Example:
Online shopping is replacing shopping in stores. Do you think this is a positive or
negative development? (2017-11-11)
1. 正面：论点可以是“随时随地都可以购买想要的商品”+“小商户可以通过网
络打开市场”等。
2. 负面：
分析以下题目可否使用下列回应方法，并给出支撑观点用的论点。
Practice 1
试
Vehicle free day means the private cars, trucks and motorcycles are banned in city centres.
Only the bus, bicycles and taxis are permitted in the city centre. Do you think the benefits
outweigh the disadvantages? (2017-01-12)
考
转折让步（好转坏）：
转折让步（好转坏，弱化好）：
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转折让步（坏转好）：
转折让步（坏转好，弱化坏）：
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Practice 2
In many countries, more and more people buy a wider range of household goods like
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television, microwave oven and rice cooker. Do you think this is a positive or negative
development? (2018-01-20)
正面：
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负面：
Practice 3
In some countries, the government has tried to reduce traffic. For instance, they imposed a
congestion tax during rush hour. Do you think this development is positive or negative?
(2016-01-30)
正面：
负面：
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PART 4 报告类(Report)思路
由于报告类考题只需针对问题展开论述，故只需考虑问题组合即可：
原因+解决方式 (Cause & Solution)
通常的答题思路是提供 1-2 个原因，随后针对这些原因给出对应措施。这是最常见

的问题组合，必须注意原因与措施对应，否则文章前后会不连贯。
Example:
In some countries, people waste a lot of food which is bought in shops and restaurants.
What do you think are the reasons? What can be done to solve this problem?
试
(2019-01-17)
原因：“生活水平提升，人们变得富足而不再节制”+“广告诱导”
解决方法：
考
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原因+结果 (Cause & Effect)
通常的答题思路是提供 1-2 个原因，随后给出 1-2 个进一步的结果。原因与结果不
出
一定对应。
Example:
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Nowadays people always throw old things away, what causes this problem? What effects
does the phenomenon lead to? (2018-09-08)
原因：
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结果：“促进消费”+“但是也会增加垃圾，造成污染与浪费”
结果+解决方式 (Effect & Solution)
通常的答题思路是提供 1-2 个进一步的结果或问题，随后针对这些给出对应的措施。

必须注意，措施应与前面的结果/问题对应，否则文章前后会不连贯。
Example:
A rise in standard of living in a country only seems to benefit cities rather than rural areas.
What problems might this difference cause? How might these problems be solved?
(2017-12-09)
进一步结果/问题：“城乡差距越来越大，加深相互不理解甚至会撕裂社会”
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解决方法：
原因+任意问题 (Cause & Other)
极为罕见的情况，最近几年国内过百次纸笔考试暂未出现过。
Example:
Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it so difficult to define? What
factors are important in achieving happiness? (C4 Test 2)
原因：“每个人对幸福的定义都不一样”
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实现的因素：“知道自己想追求什么”
分析以下题目，给出适合的论点。
考
Practice 4
These days, an increasing number of people in many cities know little about their
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neighbours and do not have a sense of community. What do you think are the causes and
what solutions can you suggest? (2018-07-19)
原因：
解决方式：
出
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Practice 5
Some businesses find that new employees who just finish their education lack basic
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interpersonal ability such as work with others as a part of team. What do you think the
causes of this problem? And how to solve this problem? (2018-07-21)
原因：
解决方式：
Practice 6
As the major cities continue to grow, what kind of problems may the young people face?
How to solve these problems? (2017-11-25)
进一步结果/问题：
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解决方式：
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PART 5 混合类(报告类+Other)思路
混合类基本只有两种可能：报告类+同意与否、报告类+优缺点。这种题型分开作答
问题即可，所以只需将报告类、同意与否、优缺点三种回应思路分别使用即可：
报告+同意与否 (Report + Agree/Disagree)
报告部分与同意与否部分在文章的内容比例合理即可。另外建议用完全同意或者完
全反对的思路。
Example:
Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution
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problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think
might be effective? (C8 Test 3)
完全同意：“现代社会城市人口增长，城市范围扩大，对个人交通工具需求急速
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增长，导致道路上交通工具以汽车为主，因此加油价会阻止人们购买汽车，减轻
交通与环境问题”
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完全反对：“油价上升同时会影响公交车等公共交通工具加价，可能会让不打算
买车甚至是贫困户出行也会受到不必要的影响”+“对于富人来说，油价上升的
幅度总会有限，他们不太会因为油价上升而不买车或不开车”
解决方法：
出 +
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报告+优缺点 (Report + Outweigh)
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因为 Outweigh 必须同时提及好坏双方，因此内容一般占多。
Example:
In some countries around the world men and women are having babies late in life. What
are the reasons? Do the benefits outweigh the drawbacks? (2017-04-08)
原因：
坏转好（弱化坏）：“不可否认年老养育后代的代沟更大”+“但实际上年老退休
会有更多时间建立亲子关系（弱化了前面的坏处）”
好转坏：
“不可否认条件稳定时养育后代环境很好”+“但老了才开始要小孩，可
能后代很年轻父母却过早离开后代”
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报告+优缺点 (Report + Pos/Neg)
优缺点部分如果是 Positive or Negative，就可以只提好处/坏处其中之一。

Example:
Newspapers have an enormous influence on people’s view. Why is this？Is it a positive or
negative development? (2019-3-14)
原因：
“报纸是人们获取信息的重要途径，而信息是人们作出判断与发表观点必
需的素材，因此报纸可以通过发布信息从而对人的观点产生巨大影响”
正面：
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负面：
考
分析以下题目，给出适合的论点。
Practice 7
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It is important for children to learn the difference between right and wrong at an early age.
Punishment is necessary to learn this distinction. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
What sort of punishment should parents and teachers be allowed to use to teach good
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behaviour to children? (C10 Test 1)
同意/反对：
What：
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Practice 8
In the past, people lived in the same place in their life. However, it is common that now
people change their places where they live several times during their life. What are the
reasons for this? Is it a positive or negative development? (2017-04-20)
原因：
正/负面：
Practice 9
Today many young people change their jobs or careers every few years. What do you
think are the reasons for this? Do you think the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?
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(2018-06-07)
原因：
让步转折：
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PART 6 题型结构框架
优缺点(Outweigh)的结构
1. 表示转折让步的四段式结构框架：
个人观点：优点大于缺点 / 缺点大于优点
主体段 1 论点 1：不可否认有某种缺点 / 优点
（弱）论证部分：对于上面优缺点展开论证，一般 2-4 句话
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主体段 2 论点 2：但实际上也有优点 / 缺点
（强）论证部分：对于上面优缺点展开论证，一般 2-4 句话
重申个人观点：优点大于缺点 / 缺点大于优点
考
结尾段
2. 表示转折让步（有弱化）的四段式结构框架：
开头段
引入题目：给出题目要讨论的观点
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个人观点：虽然…，但是优点大于缺点 / 缺点大于优点
主体段 1 论点 1：不可否认有某种缺点 / 优点
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（弱）论证部分：对上面优缺点展开论证，一般 2-4 句话
论点 2：但实际上前文缺点有办法解决 / 前文优点无法达成
主体段 2 论证部分：对上面优缺点展开论证，一般 1-2 句话
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（强）论点 3：而且也有优点 / 缺点，是…
论证部分：对上面优缺点展开论证，一般 1-2 句话
重申个人观点：优点大于缺点 / 缺点大于优点
结尾段
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优缺点(Pos/Neg)的结构
表示完全正面/完全负面的四段式结构框架：
个人观点：完全正面 / 完全负面
论点 1：优点 / 缺点
主体段 1
论证部分：对于上面优缺点展开论证，一般 2-4 句话
论点 2：优点 / 缺点
主体段 2
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重申个人观点：完全正面 / 完全负面
结尾段
报告类的结构
考
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1. 表示原因+解决方式的四段式结构框架：
背景：给出题目出现的背景（可不写）
出
开头段引入题目：给出题目要讨论的问题
个人观点：原因是… 为了解决这个问题，需要… （或二选一）
主体段 1 回应 1：原因
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（原因）论证部分：对于上面原因展开论证，一般 2-4 句话
主体段 2 回应 2：对应措施
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（措施）论证部分：对于上面措施展开论证，一般 2-4 句话
重申原因：总之，问题的成因是…
结尾段
重申措施：而…可以有效解决这个问题
2. 表示原因+结果的四段式结构框架：
个人观点：我认为原因是…；造成的结果是…（或二选一）
主体段 1 回应 1：原因
（原因）论证部分：对于上面原因展开论证，一般 2-4 句话
主体段 2 回应 2：结果
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（结果）论证部分：对于上面结果展开论证，一般 2-4 句话
重申原因：总之，…….的成因是……
结尾段
重申结果：而……会进一步导致......
3. 表示结果+措施的四段式结构框架：
个人观点：结果是… 为了解决这个问题，需要… （或二选一）
主体段 1 回应 1：结果
（结果）论证部分：对于上面结果展开论证，一般 2-4 句话
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主体段 2 回应 2：对应措施
（措施）论证部分：对于上面措施展开论证，一般 2-4 句话
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重申问题：总之，…会导致……
结尾段
重申措施：而……可以有效解决这个问题
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混合类的结构
1. 表示报告+同意与否(Report & Agree/Disagree)的四段式结构框架：
出
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个人观点：原因/措施/问题是…；我同意/反对… （或二选一）
主体段 1 回应 1：原因/措施/问题
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（报告）论证部分：对于上面原因/措施/问题展开论证，一般 2-4 句话
主体段 2 回应 2：同意/反对的理由
（同/反）论证部分：对于上面理由展开论证，一般 2-4 句话
重申观点 1：原因/措施/问题是…
结尾段
重申观点 2：而我因为…，同意/反对…
2. 表示报告+优缺点(Outweigh)的四段式结构框架：
引入题目：给出题目要讨论的问题
开头段
个人观点：原因/措施/问题是…；而我认为优点/缺点多于缺点/
优点（或二选一）
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回应 2：不可否认有…缺点/优点
主体段 2 论证部分：对于上面优缺点展开论证，一般 1-2 句话
（优/缺）回应 3：但是...有…的优点/缺点
结尾段
重申观点 2：因为回应 3，我觉得优点/缺点大于缺点/优点。
3. 表示报告+优缺点(Pos/Neg)的四段式结构框架：
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个人观点：原因/措施/问题是…；我同意/反对… （或二选一）
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主体段 2 回应 2：优点/缺点
（正/负）论证部分：对于上面优缺点展开论证，一般 2-4 句话
出
结尾段
重申观点 2：而我因为…，认为…是正面/负面的
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以下题目要改写五段式的时候，注意：
 Outweigh：应该在强的一方，也就是个人观点倾向的一方安排两个主体段；
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 报告：应该在容易展开的问题上安排两个主体段
 混合：报告、同意与否、优缺点这三部分任意一个均可安排两个主体段。建议
遇上优缺点的 outweigh 时，给 outweigh 安排两个主体段，分别用来写优点、缺
点。

1. 熟知优缺点的思路与框架
2. 熟知报告类的思路与框架
3. 熟知混合类的思路与框架
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Homework
1. 列出以下题目的写作思路与结构：
(1) As countries have beendeveloping, more and more people buy and use their own cars.
Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages for the environment?
(2019-06-22)
(2) Young people are leaving their homes from rural areas to study or work in the cities.
试
What are the reasons? Do the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?
(2019-04-25)
考
(3) Some countries achieve international sporting success by building specialized
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facilities to train top athletes instead of providing sports facilities that everyone can use.
Do you think it is a positive or negative development? (2016-12-03)
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(4) Not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries.
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What are the reasons for this problem? What are the effects on the society? (2013-02-23)
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2. 回答问题：“弱化”这种写法什么时候可以使用？请找最少三个相关的剑桥题目
或者真题，并思考如何运用“弱化”的方式表达论点。
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Unit 7 雅思写作 Task2 社会类
Objectives ：
1. 了解社会类高频真题
2. 掌握真题解析思路并积累相关表达
3. 分析高分范文并掌握写作要点
PART 1 社会类真题集锦
试
 Men should take on household tasks such as cleaning or taking care of children as
women. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2014-05-10)
 Nowadays, older people who need employment have to compete with younger
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people. What problems does this cause? What are the solutions? (2015-04-01)
 In some countries around the world men and women are having babies late in
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life. What are the reasons? Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
(2017-04-08)
 Some people think young people are not suitable for important positions in the
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government, while other people think it is a good idea for young people to take on
these positions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (2017-10-21)
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 Some people believe that employers should not be concerned about dress, while
others think the working quality is the most important. To what extent do you agree
or disagree? (2018-01-13)
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 Some people argue that the fittest and strongest individuals and teams can
achieve the greatest success in sports. But other people think the success is much
related to the mental attitude. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
(2019-01-05)
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PART 2 真题思路解析和表达补充
我们结合以下具体的题目、相关论点论据，来理解社会类话题的写作思路，审好题
再写作。重点是形成有逻辑的论点及支撑的论据。
1. Some people believe that employers should not be concerned about dress, while
others think the working quality is the most important. To what extent do you agree
or disagree?
Dress
 Topic Sentence: Professional dressing increases the chances of business
cooperation.
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 Reason: Studies indicate that the first-sight impression is crucial. People are
more willing to contact and cooperate with companies whose employees present
professional appearance.
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 Topic Sentence: It can enhance work efficiency.
 Reason: Appropriate dresses and good looking in work place can create a
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positive and active atmosphere, which is likely to make workers feel passionate
and work efficiently.
出
Working quality
 Topic Sentence: The performance of employees should always be in prior of
their looking.
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 Reason: The competitiveness of a company is based on the quality of products or
services it provides, which is directly related to the quality of employees’ work.
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 Topic Sentence: It can inspire workers to keep improving their working skills.
 Reason: Companies’ emphasis placed on the quality of work will stimulate
employees to take professional courses to remain competitive in their job.
2. The restoration of old buildings in major cities in the world costs numerous
government expenditures. This money should be used in new housing and road
development. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Governments should not use money to restore old buildings

 Topic Sentence: Some old buildings fail to satisfy the growing needs of the
contemporary society.
 Reason: These obsolete constructions are overshadowed by new ones in lighting,
safety, sanitation and ventilation.
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 Topic Sentence: Some old buildings have retarded the development of cities.
 Reason: They occupy a large amount of land, thus hindering the development of
transportation networks.
Governments should use money to restore old buildings

 Topic Sentence: Some old buildings are a country’s cultural heritage.
 Reason: They have withstood the test of time, highlighting their aesthetic and
cultural values.
 Topic Sentence: They have the values of further researches and analyzing.
 Reason: The interpretation of a piece of classical architecture is unlimited. As
the technologies is being improved and perfected, future generations will obtain
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much profound comprehension and discoveries from these historical relics than
us.
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3. Some people believe that people who read books can develop more imagination
and language skills than those who prefer to watch TV. To what extent do you agree
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or disagree?
Advantages of reading books
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Advantage 1: People reading books are more likely to be immersed in a peaceful
environment to do some thinking or reflections, and thus have a deeper understanding
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of the language.
Advantage 2: When people read books, they usually put themselves into the plots of
articles and follow the directions of the author. This means they always produce a live
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scene of the story in their minds according to the words they read, which contributes
to the improvement of their comprehensive ability as well as the imaginative skills.
Disadvantages of watching TV
Disadvantage 1: Those who prefer to watch TV instead of reading books tend to rely
too much on the audio and visual information coming from actors’ performance, and
therefore, are less likely to have a deep thought about a certain thing.
Disadvantage 2: Because of actors’ performance, it is hard for people to imagine
about a different scene of the plot. As a result, people’s imagination and language
skills will be compromised.
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4. In some countries, people waste a lot of food which is bought in shops and
restaurants. What do you think are the reasons? What can be done to solve this
problem?
Reasons of wasting
Reason 1: This is because people having more money than before are prone to buy
more food based on their preference instead of their real needs, which is likely to
bring about the exceeded expense spent on food, and thus cause the tremendous waste
of food.
Reason 2: The development of electronic commerce is also blamed for this
phenomenon. Various products from different areas can be brought to people’s life
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through online sale promotion and advertisements. Such temptation and convenience
easily make individuals place order impulsively and purchase much more food than
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they actually need, which results in waste in the end.
Measures to solve this problem
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Measure 1: The Government can formulate strict principles and implement them
seriously to prevent people from wasting food.
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Measure 2: The Government should increase the awareness of saving food in the
society and help people build a right conception of consumption, thereby eliminating
food waste at its root.
请用下面一道题做审题练习。
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Practice 1
Some people think the public libraries only provide books, and they needn't waste limited
resources and spaces on providing Hi-tech, such as computer software, audio DVDs. To
what extent do you agree or disagree of this opinion?
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PART 3 7 分范文及评分标准解析
Employers should give their staff at least a 4-week holiday a year to make employees
better at their jobs.
The working population has always been fighting for better working entitlements
including annual paid vacations, though the welfare policy varies in different
countries.
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It is obvious that the benefits of statutory vacations are not only restricted to
employees but also to employers. First and foremost, holidays are essential for
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families to strengthen their bonds. Studies support that those who manage to
achieve the balance between work and family would be more likely to focus on
work than those who fail to do so. Moreover, physical health could be promoted
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through taking a vacation. Increasing evidence shows that overtime results in
increasing absenteeism rate, sick leave and a high turnover of staff, which is
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anti-productive. The last but not least supporting factor for a paid leave is
innovation and creativity which is believed to be seen in those refreshed from an
extensive period of time off in many businesses, particularly in the fields of
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information technology and other ‘brain-intensive’ domains.
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However, it has to be admitted that vacation decreases working hours, hence
reducing working outcome. A four-week holiday is nearly a twelfth of a year,
which is not a short period of time and a month’s wage is not a small outlay for a
business. For some companies, a consecutive 4-week leave is not practical.
Besides the economic consideration, the connection between working efficiency
and paid day off is under suspicion in some labor-intensive occupations. It is
impossible that a post deliver worker would perform faster after a one-month
vacation.
From my own perspective, annual leave for a month is positive to work

performance in most cases, especially in those positions where innovation is
critical. But in some others, it can be negative and the loss of time cannot be
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compensated by higher work efficiency or effectiveness. Therefore, 4-week
should not be the mandated minimum paid vacation. (306 words)
范文分析：
TR: This is a well-developed answer that responds to the topic sufficiently and effectively.
Points are well-argued and supported with examples. The candidate examines both sides
of the argument and expresses a clear position. However, the answer fails to respond to
the topic in the first paragraph.
CC: The answer is well-organised and the message is easy to follow with clear
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paragraphing and linking of ideas.
LR: A wide range of vocabulary is used accurately and precisely, in spite of some rare
errors.
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GRA: A variety of structures are used in the answer with accuracy and fluency. There is
one grammar mistake in the second paragraph [in those refreshed].
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文章词汇和句型总结
entitlement n. 权利，资格
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statutory adj. 法定的
outlay n.开支，费用
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mandate n./v. 授权
absenteeism rate 缺勤率
fight for… 为……作斗争
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annual paid vacations 带薪年假
welfare policy 福利政策
It is obvious that… 显然，……
be restricted to… 限于……
strengthen one’s bonds 增进某人的关系
the balance between work and family 工作与家庭的平衡
fail to do sth. 不能干某事
It has to be admitted that… 需要承认的是……
work performance 工作表现
It is impossible that… ……是不可能的
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1. 社会类高频真题
2. 真题解析思路并记忆相关表达
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Homework
As major cities continue to grow, so do the problems.
What are the problems that young people living in cities are facing with? How
could these problems be solved?
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Some people think job satisfaction is more important than job security, while
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others think people cannot always enjoy jobs and a permanent job is more
important. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
出
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It is better for people to be unemployed rather than to be employed without a job
they enjoy.
4. 记忆社会类单词表达
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Unit 8 雅思写作 Task2 教育类
Objectives ：
1. 了解教育类高频真题
PART 1 教育类真题集锦
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在大陆考区，教育类大作文属于高频题型。
 Nowadays in many countries after leaving school, the youngsters are hard to
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find jobs. What problems would the youth unemployment cause for the
individual and for the society? What measures should be taken to reduce the
level of youth unemployment? (2012-08-11)
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 Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range of subjects
and develop knowledge, other people think that they should only learn a small
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number of subjects in details. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
(2013-04-27)
 Some people believe that the country would benefit a lot from a large number of
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young people entering into university; however, others think that the large
amount of people receiving the education of university only leads to graduate
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unemployment. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (2016-06-16)
 Today, more and more full-time university students should spend a lot of time
in studying, but some people think it is also essential to be involved in other
activities. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2017-08-26)
 Some people believe the purpose of education is to prepare people to be useful
members for society. Others say that the purpose of education is to achieve
personal ambitions. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (2017-10-14)
 Lectures were used to be a way to teach a large number of students, but with the
technology available for education, there is no longer justification for lectures.
 In some countries, increasing number of parents choose to educate their
children at home by themselves instead of sending them to school. Do you think
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the advantages of this outweigh its disadvantages? (2018-04-26)
 Some people think that schools should stop teaching children by using books,
because children find them boring and that children can learn from films, TV,
video games and computers instead. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
(2018-08-18)
 As part of education, students should spend a period of time studying and living
in a different county to learn language and culture. To what extent do you agree
or disagree? (2019-03-09)
 In some countries, secondary schools aim to provide a general education across
a range of subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects
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related to a particular career. For today's world, which system is appropriate?
(2019-09-12)
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PART 2 真题思路解析与表达补充
1. Today, more and more full-time university students should spend a lot of time in
studying, but some people think it is also essential to be involved in other activities.
Extracurricular activities
Advantage 1: Properly arranged extracurricular activities are beneficial to students’
mental health in that it can play a role as a therapy to relieve their pressures.
Advantage 2: As a supplementary training method to common educational
programmes, extracurricular activities can provide chances to develop a range of
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skills for students.
Disadvantage 1: These activities may consume lots of time and energies from
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students, reducing their efforts in studies.
Disadvantage 2: These activities are very likely to distract students from their study
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and result in a drop in their efficiency of learning in class.
2. Some people believe that the country would benefit a lot from a large number of
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young people entering into university; however, others think that the large amount
of people receiving the education of university only leads to graduate unemployment.
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Education of university
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Advantage 1: Higher education can undoubtedly equip students with knowledge and
skills necessary for their future careers and even for running their own business.
Advantage 2: There are a range of promising careers asking for satisfying
behaviours in higher education as a prerequisite from students, with some even
looking for those owning higher degrees.
Disadvantage 1: The pressures resulted from the increasing number of graduates can
be overwhelming to students due to the much fiercer competition in job markets.
Disadvantage 2: Because of the limited number of jobs, it is unquestioned that a part
of the flood of graduates will be unable to find suitable jobs, posing potential threats
to society.
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3. Lectures were used to be a way to teach a large number of students, but with the
technology available for education, there is no longer justification for lectures. To
Advanced technology for education
Advantage: Classes equipped with more advanced technology can activate students’
focus through stimulating more senses, enabling their higher efficiency to absorb
what they are supposed to learn.
Disadvantage: The new technology applied for the educational purpose may distract
students’ attention from the class, for the high-tech presentations may lead to their
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minds lost in irrelevant stories.
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请用下面三道题做审题练习。
Practice 1
Some say the purpose of education is to prepare individuals to be useful to society. Others
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say the purpose of education is to achieve personal ambitions. Discuss both views and
give your opinion. (2014-04-12)
Practice 2
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In some countries, secondary schools aim to provide a general education across a range of
subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to a particular
career. Which is appropriate in today's world? (2015-10-08)
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Practice 3
As part of education, students should spend a period of time studying and living in a
different county to learn language and culture. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
(2019-03-19)
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Some people say History is one of the most important school subjects. Other people
think that, in today’s world, subjects like Science and Technology are more
important than History.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Differed opinions towards certain school subjects have come to people’s concern
recently. Some highly evaluate the importance of History, a subject which,
considered by others, however, is not as crucial as those like Science and
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Technology in this modern world. From my perspective, although History offers
advice from the past, the usefulness of natural science should be more respected in
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today’s world.
On the one hand, it is undeniable that through studying History, students would be
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able to learn to avoid repeating mistakes. Naturally, this subject conveys the
stories of historical figures and the details in historical events, including the
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records of misbehaviours and vicious ideas. For example, students who learn the
catastrophic consequences of racism in the Civil War or the Second World War
would find it extremely harmful to agree to racial discrimination. Therefore,
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historical accounts provided in the class of History may be able to deter students
to err alike.
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On the other hand, there has been an increasing need for advanced technology in
modern society. Considering that the natural resources are so limited on this earth,
any waste of them could even be regarded as causing damages to the next
generations. Hence, due to the great need for new technology to optimise the use
of resources, it would be a great task to develop students’ interests and talents in
natural science. Eventually, turning more students into scientists by education will
benefit society and its future.
As for me, I believe that subjects of natural science are more beneficial to the
whole society rather than to individuals. In spite of the guiding function of the
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subject of History, it should also be noticed that many helpful suggestions from
history have been rearranged into other subjects, like Politics or Sociology. (292
words)
范文分析：
TR: This essay has sufficiently responded to all parts of the task. Some small but
restrictive parts of the task should be noticed and addressed, like ‘the most important’, ‘in
today’s world’ and ‘more important’. In spite of providing no new opinion and therefore
the lack of distinctiveness in the fourth paragraph, the writer shows a clear idea consistent
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with the thesis statement. Students should notice that failure in showing distinctive ideas
does not necessarily contribute to loss of scores in Task Response.
CC: Reasonable paragraphing is deployed in this essay, information is well sequenced
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and the functions of all sentences can be easily recognised. Most of the contents are
logically organised, with an eye-catching exception in the first sentence of the last
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paragraph.
LR: The writer shows a wide range of vocabulary to avoid repetitions in phrasing. There
are a few uncommon words like ‘evaluate’, ‘undeniable’, ‘convey’, ‘vicious’, ‘disastrous’,
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‘derive’ in this essay, and all of them are properly used. This essay can win more scores if
the author can effectively put more uncommon lexical items in it.
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GRA: The writer has displayed good control in grammar by the successful attempts in
applying a range of sentence patterns and structures in this essay. Almost all sentences can
be considered error-free and the punctuations are mostly appropriate.
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文章词汇总结
A come to people’s concern
evaluate
crucial
undeniable
A 受到人们的关注
v. 评估
adj. 极为重要与必要的
adj. 不可否认的
historical figure(s) 历史人物
vicious adj. 恶毒的、带恶意的
disastrous adj. 灾难性的
historical account(s) 历史记载
optimise v. 优化、充分利用
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derive A from B 从 B 取得 A
rearrange A into B 将 A 重新整理为 B

1. 教育类高频真题
试
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出
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Homework
Some say the purpose of education is to prepare individuals to be useful to society.

Others say the purpose of education is to achieve personal ambitions.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (2014-04-12)
试
考
In some countries, secondary schools aim to provide a general education across a
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range of subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to
a particular career.
出
Which is appropriate in today's world? (2015-10-08)
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University students should develop specialists in one subject area rather than
develop wider range of different subjects.

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Today, more and more full-time university students should spend a lot of time in
studying, but some people think it is also essential to be involved in other activities.
5. 记忆教育类单词表达
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Unit 9 雅思写作 Task2 环境类
Objectives ：
1. 了解环境类高频真题
PART 1 环境类真题集锦
试
 Some people think governments should focus on reducing environmental
pollution and housing problems to help people prevent illness and disease. To
考
 Human activities have negative effects on plants and animal species. Some
people think it is too late to do anything about this problem. Others believe that
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effective measures can be taken to improve this situation. Discuss both views
and give you own opinion. (2016-02-18)
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
environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2018-04-14)
 Some people hold that we should spend amount of time and money on the
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protection of wild animals. Some people argue that they should be spent on
human populations. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2019-02-23)
It is a natural process that animal species such as dinosaurs become extinct.
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
There is no reason for people to prevent this from happening. To what extent do
you agree or disagree? (2019-09-25)
 Some people think that companies and private individuals, not the government,
should pay to clean up the environment in proportion to the amount of pollution
they have produced. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2019-10-26)
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1. It is natural process of animal species to become extinct (e.g. dinosaurs, dodos etc.).
There is no reason why people should stop this happening. Do you agree or disagree?
Disagree
Topic Sentence: Human beings should stop the extinction of species to some extent.
It is true that natural selection exists and the fittest will survive. We do find that
animal species in certain regions had been wiped or even eliminated regionally. But
this doesn't mean humans can do nothing about it.
 Reason 1:
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the significance of saving animals, that is, the important role played by different
species in the whole food chain.
 Reason 2:
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Homo sapiens occupy an absolutely dominant situation around the world in modern
times, and are entitled to assign space like nature reserves and to spare resources.
 Reason 3:
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Stable ecosystem may guarantee a promising future of our race.
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2. Some people hold that we should spend amount of time and money on the
protection of wild animals. Some people argue that they should be spent on human
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populations. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Spend amount of time and money on the protection of wild animals
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Topic Sentence: Some people think that investing time and money to protect wild
animals is beneficial.
Sub-topic Sentence: Man should work harder to safeguard wild animal species from
being extinction, so as to ensure that they do not die out.
Reason: Animal is the key component of the whole food chain, exert a profound
impact on the sustainability of an ecosystem and play a crucial part in the nature
balance, for example, the decline of the owl population will lead to a decrease in food
production.
Spend amount of time and money on human populations

Topic Sentence: Some people believe that issues such as education and technology
are far more important than animal protection.
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Reason: These areas can be essential for human further development economically
and environmentally, and the economic development of society can be conducive to
the protection of wildlife in turn. The government can invest more to construct more
conservations for diverse animals to cultivate people’s awareness.
3. As countries developing, more and more people buy and use their own cars. Do
the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages for the environment?
Disadvantages
Topic Sentence: The use of cars can exhaust greenhouse gases to lead to
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environmental problems.
Reason: Fossil fuels such as gasoline causes green house gas levels to spike thus
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causing global warming.
4.Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What
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can governments do to address these problems? What can individuals do？
Government
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Topic sentence: The government can solve the environmental problems, mainly by
introducing laws to limit emissions from factories, forcing companies to use
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renewable energy from solar, wind or water power, and imposing “green taxes” on
drivers and airline companies.
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Individuals
Topic sentence: Individuals can also be responsible for environmental problems by
using public transport, choosing products with less packaging, and reducing waste via
reusing and recycling.
请用下面两道题做审题练习。
Practice 1
Some people think that one of the best ways to solve environmental problems is to
increase the cost of fuels for cars and other vehicles. To what extent do you agree or
disagree with this statement.
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Practice 2
Some people think it is necessary to use animals for testing medicines intended for human
use. Others, however, think it is cruel to do that. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.
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Individuals can do nothing to improve the environment; only governments and large
companies can make a difference.
Environmental problems, such as global warming, excessive waste production or

air and water pollution all seems so overwhelming that individual person cannot
deal with them.
This argument sounds reasonable. Addressing environmental problems requires
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professional knowledge, national legislation, enterprise coordination and many
other social resources, and these surely go beyond individual power. As a
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consequence, not only are the government and large companies blamed for the
environment deterioration, but they are also imposed full responsibility for
environmental issues. However, this claim is short-sighted, failing to identify the
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link between what an average person does on a daily basis and the influence he or
she can exert on the globe.
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The challenge of environmental improvement does not necessarily exempt
individuals from their obligation. If we insist on prioritizing the private car over the
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bus or subway, the policy of limiting private car use would be made in vain. When
we enjoy the convenience of one-off products such as chopsticks and throw them
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away with no hesitation, we are actually encouraging mass production of such
commodity and wasting precious natural resources. Actually, ordinary people can
play a significant role in making the world a better place to live in. We can be an
integrated force when we make efforts towards a common goal. Therefore actions
should be taken by ordinary people.
To sum up, regardless of the arduousness of environment problems, individual

people can make significant differences by changing their lifestyles. Without
involvement and commitment of individuals, no major change would be made.
(250 words)
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范文分析：
TA：All parts of the prompt are addressed and a clear position is presented throughout the
response. Main ideas are extended and supported, even if there may be a tendency to
overgeneralise in the sense that some points made seem to be too categorical.
CC：A range of cohesive devices is used flexibly even if there may be some overuse of
linking devices [actually], while each paragraph has a clear central topic which is
developed. Information is logically organized and a clear progression can be observed
throughout the response.
LR ： The lexical resource is sufficient to allow some flexibility and precision. Less
common lexical items are used with some awareness of style and collocation such as
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“national legislation” “one-off products” and “environmental deterioration”, yet with a
mistake [individual people]. No spelling error can be observed.
GRA ： The author uses a variety of sentence structures such as participles( Addressing
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environmental problems ) , subjunctive mood ( Without involvement and commitment of
individuals, no major change would be made) and inversion-sentence(not only are the
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government and big companies ). The author has good control of grammar and is skillful
at producing frequent error-free sentences.
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excessive waste production 过度的垃圾产出
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overwhelming adj. 让人感受到压力的
national legislation 国家法案
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enterprise coordination
environment deterioration
exempt A from B
be made in vain
企业统筹
环境恶化
使 A 免于 B
徒劳
one-off products 一次性产品
be an integrated force 通力合作
arduousness n. 艰辛
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mass production 量产
involvement and commitment 参与和承诺

1. 环境类高频真题
试
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Homework
Some people think that governments should focus on reducing environmental

pollution and housing problems to help people prevent illness and disease.
试
考
Some people think that it is acceptable to use animals in medial research for the
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benefit of human beings, while other people argue that it is wrong.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (2013-04-18)
出
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3. 记忆环境类单词表达
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Unit 10 雅思写作 Task2 科技类
Objectives ：
1. 了解科技类高频真题
PART 1 科技类真题集锦
 People today can shop, work and communicate with others via the Internet. They
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don't need to do these face to face. Is it a positive or negative development?
(2018-4-21)
考
 Nowadays, children spend too much time watching TV and playing computer
games. Some people believe this has negative effects on children's mental
abilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2019-2-16)
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 Research says more and more business training and business meeting taking
place online. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? (2019-7-6)
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 More and more parents are allowing their children to play on computers and
tablets as they think that children should learn technology skills. Do the
advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages? (2019-8-17）
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 Nowadays, some people claim that public museums and art galleries will not be
needed because people can see historical objects and works of art by using a
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computer. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
(2019-8-31)
 Some people think that printed books are no longer needed in a digital era
because all writing can be stored electronically. Others think that printed books
will still play an important role. Discuss both and give your own opinion.
(2019-10-12)
 In modern age, some people think it is unnecessary to teach children the skill of
handwriting, to what extent do you agree or disagree? (2019-11-23)
 Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships
people make? Has this become a positive or negative development? (C8T2)
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在科技类大作文题目中，通常是比较现代科技与传统做法，可以得出现代科技的优
缺点以及带给生活带来的改变。考生平时要注意积累这些素材，在考试时对应题目
中关键词以及涉及的对象套用相应的素材。
People today can shop, work and communicate with others via the Internet. They
don't need to do these face to face. Is it a positive or negative development?
Advantages of this phenomenon

Advantage 1: From emails to instant messaging to Skype to social media, the
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Internet has made our communication faster and easier than ever before.
Advantage 2: Besides, the cost of the Internet communication is significantly lower
than the traditional means of communication like face-to-face meetings. The
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technology connects us to our online suppliers, colleagues in the workplace, families
and friends from all over the globe for just a small fraction of the cost required of an
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offline meeting.
Disadvantage of this phenomenon
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Topic sentence: That being said, scientific evidence is mounting that the advent of
digital technology is having a detrimental effect on interpersonal relationships.
Reason 1: Everything from body language and facial expressions to attentiveness and
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engagement can indicate different thoughts and feelings—each of which can only be
truly observed through face-to-face communication. So, despite the clear upsides of
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digital communication, there are circumstances under which there is no substitute for
face-to-face communication.
Reason 2: Meanwhile, the complete dependence on the Internet for communication
may result in the sense of alienation and depression which will keep us apart from the
rest of the real world.
1. 不论是哪种题目，可以通过如下几点来体现科技带来的优势：
打破空间的约束，扩大接触范围:
 Online courses enable students in remote and rural areas to access to more
educational resources.
 Online shopping websites provide consumers with choices of a wider range of
products than physical shops.
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 Managers on business trip can assign work to their subordinates through online
meetings, which makes it easier to operate a multinational company.
节省时间，使效率更高：
 Online courses and online shopping save us time on travelling.
 Searching for information on the Internet is far more efficient than looking
through books or asking friends for it.
 The prevalence of social networking applications and portable electronic devices
has made communication with friends and family more convenient.
减少耗材，更环保：
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 We can reduce the use of paper by working on electronic documents.
 Distance education and working at home can alleviate transport burden and cut
carbon emission.
2. 通过如下的几点来体现科技带来的劣势：
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信息管理不完善：
 Minors may easily be exposed to vulgar and violent video which is usually
misleading.
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 A variety of Internet firms are collecting users’ personal information, including
our preference, which poses a risk of personal information leakage to everyone
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of us.
减少锻炼和互动：
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 The convenience from Internet and electronic devices is likely to make us lead a
sedentary life and reduce our outdoor activities, thus our physical health may get
worse.
 The reduction of face-to-face social interaction which is a channel for releasing
negative feelings may put greater stress on one’s mental health.
易影响工作和学习：
With portable electronic devices and access to Internet, we may be interrupted by
messages from friends at anytime during our work.
Since children do not need to physically come to their friends for gaming, it would be
easier for them to get addicted to and harder to get rid of the games.
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Practice 1
In modern age, some people think it is unnecessary to teach children the skill of
handwriting, to what extent do you agree or disagree?
Practice 2
Nowadays, the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make?
Has this become a positive or negative development?
试
考
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出
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使用电子产品带来的影响
More and more parents are allowing their children to play on computers and tablets
as they think that children should learn technology skills.
Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
In the era of advanced technology, the use of computers has been expanded into all
walks of life; gradually, the educational function is targeted at the group of parents
试
who attach more expectations to creating a better studying environment for their
descendants. But following is the controversial opinion which emphasize the
significance of negative impacts.
考
The revolution brought by computers and tablets changes the traditional concept of
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education especially for parents who used to believe that the schooling is the only
proper way to learn, while, due to the multi-function in a variety of applications,
such electronic devices have been regarded as an efficient alternative to acquire
出
more knowledge even during playing games. Besides, the vivid animation and
simplified explanations attract youngsters’ attention easily, by which they can
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remember a lot of new things and the duration is considerable.
However, the disadvantages are looming. The top concern for the public is that
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most researches have reflected the addiction of playing rather than learning.
Although the apps contain something educational, the main purpose is entertaining.
As a result, they could never satisfy the need of a great amount of knowledge
students should have, and unless enough supervision and guidance are provided,
what they do is just a waste of time. Meanwhile, the health problem should also be
taken into consideration. There is a common knowledge that staring at the shining
screen frequently could affect the youth’s eyesight, which can be more serious
when using the portable Ipads on the moving vehicles or walking.
In conclusion, we cannot ignore the effectiveness of applying computer and tablets

to education field, which actually would be a useful tool, but parents need to
110
understand the drawbacks and give sufficient support for their children. (288 words)
范文分析：
TR：All parts of the prompt are addressed and a clear position is presented. The argument
in the response is well supported while some extension to the argument would achieve
higher score. For example, explanation of what skills children can learn from playing
games or what benefits these skills would bring to them would improve this answer. Ideas
are logically organized and there is a clear progression throughout the response.
CC：There is a logic organization of paragraphs while each paragraph has a clear central
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topic which is developed. A range of cohesive devices are used accurately and flexibly
[besides| however| as a result| meanwhile| in conclusion| while| they]. The word [they] in
the third paragraph is not clear.
考
LR： There is a wide range of word choice to allow some flexibility and precision and
control over spelling is very good. For instance, descendant, youngster and youth are used
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to avoid repetition of children.
GRA：The candidate uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms, and control over
grammar and punctuation is nearly accurate yet there are some mistakes [emphasize].
出
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be targeted at 以...为目标
the controversial opinion 有争议的观点
used to do sth 过去常常做某事
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the top concern 最关心的问题
give support for 给...帮助/支持
科技手段代替传统方法
Some people think that printed books are no longer needed in a digital era because
all writing can be stored electronically. Others think that printed books will still play
an important role.
Discuss both and give your own opinion.
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In the era of information technology, many traditional ways of life have turned into
virtual ones, and the advent of electronic-books is a typical example. Young readers
no longer restrict their reading to printed materials. Instead it is common to see
them reading on their mobiles or ipad screens on a bus or in the street.
Consequently, some suggest that printed books have become out of date and can be
substituted by their electronic counterpart.
This sounds reasonable in this modern society. Despite the cut of cost on paper
pulp, printing machines and transportation of products, electronic books are still
much more economic. If we take the environmental impact into consideration,
e-books would show another advantage over traditional ones which consume
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abundant plants. In addition, in the globalized world, easy and fast access to
knowledge and information becomes increasingly significant, and this requirement
考
can be best met by e-books which spread faster and more widely via the internet.
However, these advantages of electronic books do not necessarily mean that printed
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version will be completely replaced soon. Printing is a safe way of saving
knowledge because it is not easy to modify the original words once they are printed
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on paper, which is where the authority of published paper books comes in. As a
traditional way of life, reading books plays an important part in the elderly
population who are used to thumb through a book from cover to cover. If printed
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books are not available any more, they would be the most frustrated group of
people. There is also the health issue to take into account. Reading printed material
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is healthier than reading on shining screen for eyesight. Therefore, e-books are not
suitable for children as well.
In conclusion, the fact that all writing can be stored electronically does not
necessarily suggest the extinction of printed books. The two forms of books can
co-exist to cater for different groups of people. (321 words)
范文分析：
TR：All parts of the prompt are addressed and a clear position is presented. A number of
relevant, extended and supported ideas are used to produce a well-developed response to
the question though some parts are more developed than others. Ideas are logically
organized and there is a clear progression throughout the response.
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[consequently| despite| In addition| however| therefore| in conclusion| electronic
counterpart| they].
LR：There is a wide range of word choice to perform flexible and precise expression and
avoid repetition. There is use of a few less-frequent expression [thumb through a book
from cover to cover]. Control over spelling is very good.
GRA：The candidate uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms, and uses a range
of complex structure fluently. Control over grammar and punctuation is accurate.
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in the era of 在...的时代
economic adj. 经济的，实惠的
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take sth. into consideration 把...考虑在内
thumb through a book 翻书
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co-exist v. 共存
cater for 迎合，为...提供所需
通信技术的影响
出
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People today can shop, work and communicate with others via the Internet. They
don't need to do these face to face.
Is it a positive or negative development?
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The advent of Internet has shaped many facets of our lives, such as the way we do
the shopping, work and connect with each other. It is unjustifiable to assert that this
change is favorable or not, and case-to-case analysis is required.
The advance in technology, by and large, brings some benefits at first glance, so
does the Internet. The geographical barrier has been shattered because we are linked
with signals which are transmitted by satellites and cables, facilitating the efficiency
of work and daily life. With the platform of Internet, multinational companies can
easily hold some cross-border teleconferences and the information or the policies
can be more efficiently circulated between the headquarters and subsidiary
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companies. The individuals can also enlarge their social network via some social
websites such as Twitter and Facebook, on which they are more likely to make
friends from all walks of life and different corners of the world. Besides, online
shopping websites also provide accessibility and affordability for people, with a
wide range of goods to choose from.
At second thought, the downsides of Internet cannot be cast aside. Working staff are
more separated than ever before, a phenomenon that will erode the sense of
belongings and bonding between employees. The interpersonal relationship, on one
hand, is expanded, on the other hand, it is maintained in a quite superficial and
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loose way, because individuals are bereft of the chance to have face-to-face
communication. In this way, their subtle emotions can be hardly conveyed through
考
their body languages and the words on the Internet cannot express some feelings. In
terms of shopping, the customers have fat chance to have a touch with the physical
commodities, needless to say detect whether the goods are fake or not.
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In conclusion, it is irrational for us to label the attribution of the Internet, because
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technology is, on most occasions, a means we can resort to, not a sage we can
praise or a scapegoat we can blame. (328 words)
联
范文分析：
TR：All parts of the prompt are addressed and a clear position is presented. A number of
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relevant, extended and supported ideas are used to produce a well-developed response to
the question (for instance, the benefits brought by Internet are discussed from the aspects
of the running of multinational companies, social networking and shopping). Ideas are
logically organized and there is a clear progression throughout the response.
(such as: besides/ on one hand/ on the other hand/ at second thought/ in conclusion/ their/
it).
LR：There is a wide range of word choice to perform flexible and precise expression and
avoid repetition. There is use of plenty less-frequent expressions (geographical barrier/
cross-border teleconferences/ subsidiary companies/ cast aside/ erode/ sense of belonging/
fat chance/ resort to/ sage/ scapegoat). Control over spelling is very good.
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GRA：The candidate uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms, and uses a range
of complex structures fluently (Working staff are more separated than ever before, a
phenomenon that will erode the sense of belongings and bonding between employees).
Control over grammar and punctuation is accurate.
assert v. 断言，坚持
by and large 大体上，总的来说
at first glance 初看
shatter n./v. 粉碎
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facilitate v. 促进，帮助
the platform of Internet 网络平台
cross-border teleconference
考
跨国电话会议
enlarge their social network 扩大他们的社交网络
all walks of life 各行各业
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cast aside 抛弃，废除
bereft adj. 失去的，被剥夺的
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resort to 依靠，求助于
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1. 科技类高频真题
美
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Homework
Nowadays, children spend too much time watching TV and playing computer
games. Some people believe this has negative effects on children's mental
abilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2019-2-16)
试
考
Nowadays, some people claim that public museums and art galleries will not be
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needed because people can see historical objects and works of art by using a
computer.
出
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (2019-8-31)
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美
3. 记忆科技类单词表达
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Unit 11 雅思写作 Task2 政府类
Objectives ：
1. 了解政府类高频真题
2. 掌握政府话题目的写作思路与表达
3. 掌握高分范文得分要点
PART 1 政府类真题集锦
试

environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2018-04-17)
 When new towns are planned, it is important to build more public parks or sports
考
facilities than shopping centers for people to spend their free time. To what
extent do you agree or disagree? (2019-1-12)
Some people hold that we should spend amount of time and money on the
国

protection of wild animals. Some people argue that they should be spent on
human populations. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2019-2-23)
出
 Individuals can do nothing to improve the environment; only governments and
large companies can make a difference. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
(2019-6-13)
联
 Governments should spend money on railways rather than roads. To what extent
do you agree or disagree with this statement? (C11T1)
美
 Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They
say that the only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal
requirement. To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people
recycle more of their waste? (C11T2)
 Many governments think that economic progress is their most important goal.
Some people, however, think that other types of progress are equally important
for a country. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (C11T4)
 In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums
of money on constructing new railway lines for very fast trains between cities.
Others believe the money should be spent on improving existing public transport.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (C12T7)
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PART 2 真题思路解析与表达补充
Many governments think that economic progress is their most important goal. Some
people, however, think that other types of progress are equally important for a
country. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Reasons of why economic progress is most important

Topic sentence: There are three key reasons why economic growth is seen as a
fundamental goal for countries.
Reason 1: Firstly, a healthy economy results in job creation, a high level of
employment, and better salaries for all citizens.
试
Reason 2: Secondly, economic progress ensures that more money is available for
governments to spend on infrastructure and public services. For example, a
考
government with higher revenues can invest in the country's transport network, its
education system and its hospitals.
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Reason 3: Finally, a strong economy can help a country’s standing on the global
stage, in terms of its political influence and trading power.
Reasons of why other progress is most important
出
Topic sentence: However, I would argue that various other forms of progress are
just as significant as the economic factors mentioned above.
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Reason 1: In particular, we should consider the area of social justice, human rights,
equality and democracy itself. For example, the treatment of minority groups is
often seen as a reflection of the moral standards and level of development of a
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society.
Reason 2: Perhaps another key consideration when judging the progress of a
modern country should be how well that country protects the natural environment,
and whether it is moving towards environmental sustainability.
Reason 3: Alternatively, the success of a nation could be measured by looking at the
health, well-being and happiness of its residents.
不论是哪种题目，可以通过如下几点来分析政府类题目：
环保方面：
 Government is able to enforce some environment-protective policies through
enacting it as a law.
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 Impose pollution fine on factories that emit excessive pollution.
 Compared with companies and individuals, government can make use of a larger
amount of fund and labour to tackle environmental problems.
教育方面：
 Most governments throughout the world have implemented compulsory
education from grade 1 to 9.
 Government has set up volunteer teaching project, sending teachers to rural and
remote areas to provide free schooling to children from disadvantaged groups.
 Government can provide study loan to students from poor families.
试
医疗方面：
 If government does not provide free health care, many poor people may choose
not to receive treatment when being ill.
考
 The grant for the research and the subsidy for purchase of certain medicine and
vaccine can, to a great extent, alleviate the pain diseases cause to people.
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交通方面：
 The government is obliged to ensure a smooth traffic in the city. Traffic jams
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would generally lower our efficiency for it prolongs the commute time. And
traffic congestion aggravates the air pollution by making vehicles emit more
pollutant and greenhouse gas.
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 The construction of high-speed railway between cities facilitates the cross-city
business and in turn accelerates the economic growth.
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Practice 1
When new towns are planned, it is important to build more public parks or sports
facilities than shopping centers for people to spend their free time. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
Practice 2
environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
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Some people hold that we should spend amount of time and money on the protection
of wild animals. Some people argue that they should be spent on human populations.
In these days, with many resources spent by governments due to some improper
human activities such as hunting rare animals and the extinction of some
endangered animals, there has been an intense debate about whether too many
试
resources, including time and money, are allocated to preserve wild animals.
考
Proponents of this opinion may argue that human beings could have done more to
safeguard wild animals from being extinct, so that less animals would have died out
or diminished. After all, animals, as a key component of the whole food chain, exert
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a profound impact on the sustainability of an ecosystem. And every existent animal
plays a crucial part in the nature balance. For example, the decrease of owls will
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lead to the multiplication of voles which are big eaters of crops. If the importance of
protecting wildlife is underestimated, we human beings would be affected adversely
in the end.
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However, considering the allocation of the taxes levied from citizens, opponents
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believe that the government has more issues related to human rather than animals to
place priority on, among which are education and technology, and there is no doubt
that these two aspects are essential for human further development economically
and environmentally, which will be conducive to the protection of wildlife in turn.
As long as the government has the ability to construct more nature reserve for
diverse animals, and the awareness of valuing animals is cultivated among more
residents, better living environment can be guaranteed for all the wildlife.
From my perspective, considerable significance should be attached to the

preservation of wildlife, but in the meantime, other crucial projects should not be
ignored, especially education and technology. (277 words)
120
范文分析：
TR：All parts of the prompt are addressed and a clear position is presented throughout the
response. Main ideas are extended and supported. Ideas are logically organized and there
is a clear progression throughout the response.
CC ： A range of cohesive devices are used properly (so that| after all| for example|
however| as a result| from my perspective), while each paragraph has a clear central topic
which is developed.
LR：The lexical resource is sufficient to allow some flexibility and precision, and there
are also some less common words (proponents| multiplication| levy| impetus| conducive).
GRA ： The author uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms. Control over
试
grammar and punctuation is very good.
考
be allocated to 被分配给...
a key component of 一个关键的组成部分
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exert a profound impact on 产生深远的影响
plays a crucial part in 在……中起着至关重要的作用
place priority on 把重点放在...
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construct more nature reserve 建设更多自然保护区
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1. 政府类高频真题
美
121
Homework
Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say
that the only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal
requirement.
To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their
waste? (C11 Test 2)
试
考
国
Public transport should be funded by the government so that it can be free for the
出
people who use it.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (2018-11-2)
联
美
3. 记忆政府类单词表达
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Unit 12 雅思写作 Task2 文化类
Objectives ：
1. 了解文化类高频真题
PART 1 文化类真题集锦
Tourism has not only benefited but also harmed the development of many
试

countries. What problems does it bring about? What are the solutions?
(2011-2-12)
考
 Nowadays, people prefer to watch foreign films much more than the locally
produced ones. Why is the case? Should the government give financial support to
the local film industry? (2011-8-27)
国
 We live in cities or towns which have museums displaying historical and cultural
importance, but people do not visit them. Why do people not visit museums in
出
their local areas? What is the importance of museums to society? (2012-12-15)
 Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy
the same products anywhere in the world. Is it a positive or negative
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development? (C10T3)
 Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can cause serious
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problems, as well as practical problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree
with this statement? (C13T1)
 In many countries traditional foods are replaced by international fast foods. Some
people believe that this trend has a negative effect on families and societies. To
what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
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1. We live in cities or towns which have museums displaying historical and cultural
importance, but people do not visit them. Why do people not visit museums in their
local areas? What is the importance of museums to society?
Reasons of local museums’ unpopularity

Reason 1: People are overfamiliar with the local culture.
Reason 2: Much information is available on the Internet.
Importance of museums
试
Importance 1: Museums are beneficial for cultural protection, like cultural heritage
in the museums can house our cultural soul and represent accumulated wisdom.
Importance 2: The cultural relics tell the stories of our ancestors who survived
考
poverty, famine, racial discrimination and carnage, and evoke a sense of pride and
help us understand our cultural identity.
国
Importance 3: Museums can educate the future generation. Museums provide
firsthand experience while the internet provides secondhand experience which is
more impressive.
出
2. Nowadays, people prefer to watch foreign films much more than the locally
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produced ones. Why is the case? Should the government give financial support to
the local film industry?
美
Reasons of the preference of foreign films
Reason 1: Cultural globalization promotes cultural exchange between countries,
thus lowering the barriers of foreign films.
Reason 2: Foreign films have better quality, because the foreign film giants who
has strong financial support can design very attractive plots and produce stunning
visual and acoustic effects.
Reasons of the government giving financial support

Reason 1: The government should give financial support to the local film industry
to preserve local culture. Foreign films are full of cultural elements such as foreign
language, which can make people unconsciously affected and lead to the loss of our
cultural identity.
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Reason 2: There will be an increase in employment in the film industry and income
from film sales.
3. Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the
same products anywhere in the world. Is it a positive or negative development?
Negative/detrimental
Reason 1: This trend can lead to the loss of cultural richness and diversity, because
the history, language and echos have inextricable links with artefacts.
Reason 2: This trend will lead to the unemployment of traditional craftsmen.
试
Reason 3: This trend will hurt tourism because people want to travel to see different
cultures, not the same ones; So if people see that everything they buy is the same no
matter where they are, they will lose interest in traveling.
4. Tourism has not only benefited but also harmed the development of many
考
国
countries. What problems does it bring about? What are the solutions?
Problems that tourism brings
出
Problem 1: Tourism can cause environmental pollution of water and vegetation
because too many tourists can lead to too much waste.
Problem 2: This can lead to cultural conflict. What is deemed normal in one culture
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may be unacceptable in another.
Measures
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Measure 1: The government should take measures to prevent overdevelopment of
tourism and increase tourists’ awareness of environmental protection.
Measure 2: The government should increase tourists’ awareness of cultural
difference and encourage tourists to respect different cultures.
5. In many countries traditional foods are replaced by international fast foods. Some
people believe that this trend has a negative effect on families and societies. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
注意一下题干中的关键字（families and societies），考生可以选择在很大程度上同意

题目中的观点：
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Reason 1: From the perspective of family, the popularity of international fast food
takes a toll on the health of family members, because international fast food contains
excessive amounts of oil and grease and is largely junk food.
Reason 2: From the perspective of society, the popularity of international fast food
can lead to the loss of our cultural identity. Traditional food, a label of a nation and its
ethnic groups, is loaded with traditional culture. Forgetting traditional food will make
people lose their sense of cultural belonging.
请用下面一道题做审题练习。
Practice 1
试
Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can cause serious
problems, as well as practical problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this
statement?
考
国
出
联
美
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Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the
same products anywhere in the world.
Is it a positive or negative development?（C10 Test 3）
It is said that countries are becoming similar to each other because of the global
spread of the same products, which are now available for purchase almost
anywhere. I strongly believe that this modern development is largely detrimental
to culture and traditions worldwide.
A country’s history, language and ethos are all inextricably bound up in its
试
考
manufactured artefacts. If the relentless advance of international brands into
every corner of the world continues, these bland packages might one day
completely oust the traditional objects of a nation, which would be a loss of
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richness and diversity in the world, as well as the sad disappearance of the
manifestations of a place’s character. What would a Japanese tea ceremony be
出
without its specially crafted teapot, or a Fijian kava ritual without its bowl made
from a certain type of tree bark?
联
Let us not forget either that traditional products, whether these be medicines,
cosmetics, toys, clothes, utensils or food, provide employment for local people.
美
The spread of multinational products can often bring in its wake a loss of jobs, as
people turn to buying the new brand, perhaps thinking it more glamorous than
the one they get used to. This eventually puts old-school craftspeople out of
work.
Finally, tourism numbers may also be affected, as travellers become disillusioned

with finding every place just the same as the one they visited previously. To see
the same products in shops the world over is boring, and does not impel visitors
to open their wallets in the same way that trinkets or souvenirs unique to the
particular area do.
Some may argue that all people are entitled to have access to the same products,
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but I say that local objects suit local conditions best, and that faceless uniformity
worldwide is an unwelcome and dreary prospect. (300 words)
范文分析：
TR: The article fully addresses all parts of the task: The author expressed his opinion in
the second sentence of the first paragraph, then the article presents a fully developed
position in answer to the question with relevant, fully extended and well supported ideas.
CC: The author uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention and skillfully
manages paragraphing.
试
LR: The author uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated
control of lexical features [ethos| inextricably| relentless| manifestation| utensil|
disillusioned| impel| trinkets| souvenir| dreary] There are rare minor errors except for
考
‘slips’.
GRA: The author uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy
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(non-restrictive attributive clause, adverbial clause, object clause).
出
available adj. 可获得的，可找到的
detrimental adj. 有害的，不利的
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inextricably adv. 密不可分地
relentless adj. 不停的，持续的，严格的
oust v. 剥夺，罢免
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glamorous adj. 特别富有魅力的
disillusioned adj. 大失所望的，不再抱幻想的
souvenir n. 纪念物，纪念品
be bound up 专心于，热衷于
a loss of richness and diversity 丰富性和多样性的丧失
provide employment for 为......提供就业
put sb. out of work 使......失业
impel sb. to do sth. 促使/鞭策某人做某事

1. 文化类高频真题
128
试
考
国
出
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美
129
Homework
Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can cause serious
problems, as well as practical problems.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
试
2. 记忆文化类单词表达
考
国
出
联
美
130
ANSWER KEY
Unit 4
1). 我认为尽管这个趋势在就业和经济方面带来了一些效益，但缺点更是显而易见的，
因为包含风险，而且对进出口国都有负面影响。
I think although this trend brings some benefits in terms of employment and economy, the
drawbacks are more obvious because of the risks involved and the adverse effects posed
试
to both the exporting and importing countries.
考
2). 我认为有这样的观点可能是因为当地人没得到经济利益，或是因为当地的传统和
生态也许正在经受威胁，以及可能由于误解而产生了冲突。
I think this view is held because local people may not get the economic gains, because the
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local traditions and ecosystem may be under threats, and because conflicts may arise due
to misunderstanding.
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3). 然而，如果没有外部的因素，想象力是不会自动转化成创造力的，而其中一个最
重要的外界因素就是科技的发展。
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However, imagination can not automatically lead to creativity without some external
factors, the most important of which is the development of technology.
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4). 我坚决同意年轻人应该去社区义务劳动的观点，因为这种活动会带来双重好处。
I definitely agree with the idea that young people should undertake unpaid work to help
people in the community, because this practice can bring about a twofold bonus.
That advertising has a negative impact.
One possible version.
This is because advertising sometimes gives false information and extreme consumption
is encouraged by a high quantity of advertisements on radio, TV and internet.
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Consequently, children could be persuaded and influenced by unreal and overacted
behavior showed on them.
1). 例如，如果他们喜欢写作，那么他们可能就想强迫孩子也跟着这样做。
If they love writing, for example, they might try to force their children to follow suit.
2). 除此之外，乘坐地铁时，乘客可以控制到达目的地的时间。例如，工作时间从 9
点开始的员工乘地铁几次后应该可以确定出门的确切时间。
Apart from that, when taking underground railway, passengers have the control over the
time they arrive at their destinations. For example, a staff whose working hour begins at 9
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o’clock can determine the exact time when he should step out of his home after taking the
subway for several times.
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3). 最直观的是，在离职后，他们的月薪往往会更高。例如，具有一年编程工作经验
的毕业生可能会在另一家公司赚取双倍的薪水，因为整个市场都需要熟练的程序员。
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The most intuitive one is that their monthly pay tends to be higher after a shift of
company. For example, graduates with one-year work experience in programming are
likely to earn double the amount of salary in another company because the whole market
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is in need of proficient programmers.
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4). 拆除一些老建筑将破坏一个国家的美学独特性，因为文化认同的最重要组成部分
之一被摧毁了。例如，如果紫禁城被拆除，北京将与任何外国大都市一模一样。
The demolishing of some old buildings will erode a nation’s uniqueness in aesthetic, as
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one of the most essential parts of cultural identity is destroyed. For example, if the
Forbidden City were dismantled, Beijing would be identical with any other foreign
metropolis.
5). 解决此问题的有效方法是学校课程增加更多的团队合作和小组作业。这种做法会
鼓励学生之间的合作。例如，要求他们一起在短时间内就给定主题进行演示。
An effective approach to the problem is that more team work and group assignments
should be added into the school curriculum. This would encourage students to work with
each other. For example, they should be required to do a presentation together on a given
topic in a short amount of time.
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Traditional games can greatly assist in the development of important skills.
One possible version
Traditional games can, on the other hand, greatly assist in the development of important
skills. It is believed that many board and card games promote skills such as
problem-solving. For example, those young people who try their hands on Monopoly
usually analyse their current status and make full use of resources at hand, even when
they face a bankrupt in the game. Such skill is learnt and is highly likely to be applied in
their future job.
1). 然而，得出此结论并不等同于我们就可以忽视体育和音乐的重要性，在求职的过
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程中它们并非没有用处。
However, reaching that conclusion does not necessarily mean the same as assuming that
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we should attach less importance to sports and music, which are a far cry from being
useless in terms of job hunting.
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2). 然而，这种规定应根据收入的不同而做相应的调整，从而能更有效地使用公共资
金。
联
The provision, however, needs to vary according to income so as to make efficient use of
public money.
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3). 如果禁养宠物，所有与宠物相关的从业人员将失去工作，从而使经济恶化。
If keeping pets were to be banned, all the people involved in these industries would lose
their jobs, worsening the economic situation.
4). 换句话说，学习知识需要扎实的基础。没有铺就的基石，大学和学术研究将像空
中城堡一样不切实际。
In other words, acquiring knowledge needs a solid foundation. Without the paved
footstone, university and academic study would be as unrealistic as a castle in the air.
5). 相反，如果在校学生受到司法系统中一些经验丰富人员的教育，则学生可能会对
他们专业和全面的知识印象深刻，并意识到法律的威慑力。
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In contrast, if school students are educated by some experienced officers from
judicial systems, students may be more impressed by their professional and
well-rounded share and realize the deterrence of law.
One of the best ways to solve environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuels for
cars and other vehicles.
One possible version
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One reason why this approach may not work is that there is not just one environmental
problem the world faces today. If governments did make fuel more expensive, it might
well help reduce the amount of carbon dioxide we produce and so slow down the speed of
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global warming and air pollution. However, it would not help with other major problems
such as intensive farming, overpopulation, the hole in the ozone layer or water pollution.
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For these problems we need to find other solutions.
Practice 7 句子翻译
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1). 研究表明，暴饮暴食与吸烟一样有害。因此，应禁止某些食品的广告，就像在许
多国家禁止香烟的广告一样。
联
Research shows that over-eating is as harmful as smoking. Therefore, advertising for
certain food products should be banned, in the same way as cigarette advertising is
banned in many countries.
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2). 最新的研究调查显示，大多数人都在乎私家车带来的舒适性和便利性，而不是交
通成本。
The latest poll shows that the majority of people care more for comfort and convenience
brought out by private cars than transportation cost.
3). 根据最新调查，过去活跃的稀有动物中有 60％以上消失了，这绝对是人类的悲

剧性损失，因为某些濒临灭绝的动物可以作为珍贵的科学证据，对人类和整个动物
进行研究。
According to the latest survey, more than 60 percent of rare animals which were active in
the past have vanished, which is definitely a tragic loss for mankind, for some endangered
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animals serve as precious scientific evidence to research both humans and animals as a
whole.
4). 最近的一份调查指出，大多数人认为家长太过溺爱自己的孩子。
A recent survey highlighted the fact that most people feel that parents are too permissive
with their children.
5). 根据最近的一项调查，只有十分之二的美国人非常信任他们从本地新闻机构获得
的信息，无论是在线还是线下。
According to a recent survey, only about two-in-ten Americans trust the information they
get from local news organizations a lot, whether online or offline.
Practice 8
造成这种趋势的原因可能是人们认识到，直接从学校进入大学的年轻人，在对于世
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界的常识和经验方面非常受限。相反，那些花了一段时间去谋生或者去其他地方旅
行的人，拥有更广阔的视野和更多的个人资源去运用。他们倾向于更加独立，这是
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学术研究中的一个非常重要的因素，并且在应对学习生活挑战方面给了他们优势。
The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes
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directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and
experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or
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traveling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw
on. They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study
and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges
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of student life.
Practice 9
但是，使用技术进行教育教学也存在一些弊端，因此，传统教学的意义不容忽视。例
如，当学生坐在笔记本电脑前独自学习时，他们可能不会集中注意力，而在教室中
时，由于讲师和学生之间的气氛更加活跃且有更多的互动，他们的学习效率可能会
更高。
However, there are also some disadvantages caused by using technology for educational
teaching, and as a result, the significance of traditional lectures should not be neglected.
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For example, students may not be so concentrated when they sit in front of their laptops
and study on their own whereas they could be more study-efficient when they are in the
lecture room as there are more alive atmosphere and interactions between the lecturer and
students.
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出
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V2 0雅思冲刺段写作教材

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雅思标准化教程

梁国斌（佛山） 刘晨（成都） 王悦（深圳） 吴昊（北京）

其实说起来，我也是和今天的很多学子一样，十几年前经历过托福与 GRE 考试的人，至今

Unit 2 雅思写作 Task1 静态图...................................................................................... 18

Unit 3 雅思写作 Task1 地图和流程图.......................................................................... 28

Unit 4 雅思写作 Task2 论证方法.................................................................................. 41

Unit 5 雅思写作 Task2 题目类型一 同意与否和双边讨论类....................................54

Unit 6 雅思写作 Task2 题目类型二 优缺点和报告类................................................ 65

Unit 7 雅思写作 Task2 社会类...................................................................................... 81

Unit 9 雅思写作 Task2 环境类...................................................................................... 98

Unit 12 雅思写作 Task2 文化类.................................................................................. 123

Clearly, we can see the fluctuation in the number of American applicants,

6 分常用表达 7-8 分优化表达 词性

Review：What have we learned so far?

To be more specific, the largest percentage of dangerous waste is buried

The diagram below shows the process of milk production.

PART 1 Task 2 论证方法概述

1. 因果论证 (development by reason)

因果论证 (development by reason)

1. 与反面事物对比 However/On the other hand/ By contrast/ In contrast 等

事实论证 (development by facts)

3). 根据最新调查，过去活跃的稀有动物中有 60％以上消失了，这绝对是人类的悲

2. You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

1. 同意与否 (Agree or Disagree)

1. 同意与否题 (Agree or Disagree)

首先看一下这个题型的典型问题句：To what extent do you agree or disagree?

有 to what extent 表示程度，回应思路总体有以下三种：

首先 看一 下 这 个 题型典 型 的问 题 句： Discuss both these views and give your own

这种题型会在题目中给出 A 方观点与 B 方观点(both these views)，再结合问题的要

雅思写作 Task 2 和其他议论文一样，采取总-分-总的结构。

而从段落数目来看，雅思写作 Task 2 中常见有两种标准：四段式与五段式，其差异

如果是四段式的话，只需要把主体段 3 删除，相应延长主体段 1、2 即可。

Task 2 是议论文，按题目类型，Task 2 分为五类：同意与否、双边讨论、优缺点、

3.混合类 (Report + Other)

1. 优缺点 (Outweigh or Pos/Neg)

Outweigh 类通常会问：Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

这类通常会问：Is it a positive or negative development?

原因+解决方式 (Cause & Solution)

通常的答题思路是提供 1-2 个原因，随后针对这些原因给出对应措施。这是最常见

通常的答题思路是提供 1-2 个原因，随后给出 1-2 个进一步的结果。原因与结果不

结果+解决方式 (Effect & Solution)

通常的答题思路是提供 1-2 个进一步的结果或问题，随后针对这些给出对应的措施。

原因+任意问题 (Cause & Other)

报告+同意与否 (Report + Agree/Disagree)

优缺点部分如果是 Positive or Negative，就可以只提好处/坏处其中之一。

1. 表示报告+同意与否(Report & Agree/Disagree)的四段式结构框架：

Review：What have we learned so far?

Governments should not use money to restore old buildings

Governments should use money to restore old buildings

Advantages of reading books

Measures to solve this problem

From my own perspective, annual leave for a month is positive to work

2. You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Advanced technology for education

Review：What have we learned so far?

Some say the purpose of education is to prepare individuals to be useful to society.

In some countries, secondary schools aim to provide a general education across a

4. You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Spend amount of time and money on the protection of wild animals

Spend amount of time and money on human populations

Environmental problems, such as global warming, excessive waste production or

This argument sounds reasonable. Addressing environmental problems requires

To sum up, regardless of the arduousness of environment problems, individual

梁国斌（佛山）　刘晨（成都）王悦（深圳）吴昊（北京）

Unit 5 雅思写作 Task2 题目类型一同意与否和双边讨论类....................................54

Unit 6 雅思写作 Task2 题目类型二优缺点和报告类................................................ 65

6 分常用表达 7-8 分优化表达词性

首先看一下这个题型典型的问题句： Discuss both these views and give your own