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A.BEAMS:
OVERALL DEPTH OF
BEAMS:
SL. MEMB SPAN/OVE
NO ER RALL
DEPTH
RATIO
1. PLINT 15 TO 18
H
BEAM
2. TIE 18 TO 20
BEAM
3. FLOO 12 TO 15
R
BEAM
S
4. GRID 20 TO 30
BEAM
S
EFFECTIVE DEPTH:
Sl.n SLAB SPAN/EFFE.DEPTH
o
1. One- way simply supported slab 30
2. One-way continuous slabs 35
3. Two-way simply supported slabs 38 for L/B=1.5
35 for L/B>1.5
4. Teo-way continuous slabs 40 for L/B=1.5
38 for L/B>1.5
1. Whenever the slab thickness is 150mm, the bar diameter shall
be 10mm for normal spacing.(It can be 8mm at very closely
spaced).
2. Slab thickness can be 10mm,110mm,120mm,125mm,150mm,
etc.
3. The maximum spacing of Main bar shall not exceed 200mm(8)
and the distribution bars @ 250mm(10).
4. If the roof slab is supported by load bearing wall(without any
frames) a bed block of 150/200mm shall be provided along the
length of supports which will aid in resisting the lateral forces.
5. If the roof is of sheet(AC/GI) supported by load bearing wall
(without any frames) a bed block of 150/200mm shall be
provided along the length of supports except at the eaves. The
bed block is provided to keep the sheets in position from WIND.
6. For the roof slab provide a min. of 0.24% of slab cross sectional
area reinforcement to take care of the temperature and other
weathering agent and for the ponding of rain water etc since it is
exposed to outside the building enclosure.
COLUMN:
1. Section should be designed for the column moment values at the
beam face.
2. Use higher grade of concrete when the axial load is predominant.
3. Go for a higher section properties when the moment is
predominant.
4. Restrict the maximum % of reinforcement to 3.
5. Detail the reinforcement in column in such a way that it gets
maximum lever arm for the axis about which the column
moment acts.
6. Position of lap shall be clearly mentioned in the drawing
according to the change in reinforcement. Whenever there is a
change in reinforcement at a junction, lap shall be provided to
that side of the junction where the reinforcement is less.
7. Provide laps at midheight of column to minimize the damage due
to moments(Seismic forces).
8. Avoid KICKER concrete to fix column form work since it is the
weakest link due to weak and non compacted part.
FOOTING:
1. Never assume the soil bearing capacity and at least have one
trial pit to get the real site Bearing capacity value.
2. Check the Factor of Safety used by the Geotechnical engineer for
finding the SBC.
3. SBC can be increased depending on the N-value and type of
footing that is going to be designed. Vide IS-1893-2000(part-I).
4. Provide always PLINTH BEAMS resting on natural ground in
orthogonal directions connecting all columns which will help in
many respect like reducing the differential settlement of
foundations, reducing the moments on footings etc.
5. Always assume a hinged end support for column footing for
analysis unless it is supported by raft and on pile cap.
The Common assumption of full fixity at the column base may
only be valid for columns supported on RIGID RAFT foundations or
on individual foundation pads supported by
short stiff piles or by foundation walls in Basement. Foundation
pads supported on deformable soil may have considerable
rotational flexibility, resulting in column forces in the
bottom storey quite different from those resulting from the
assumption of a rigid base. The consequences can be unexpected
column HINGES at the top of lower storey
columns under seismic lateral forces. In such cases the column
base should be modeled by a rotational springs. (Ref:page 164-
Seismic design of Reinforced concrete and
Masonry buildings by T.Paulay & M.J.N.Priestley.)
Also refer the Reinforced concrete Designers Handbook by
Reynold where it is clearly mention about the column base support.
R.C.C.WALLS:
3. VIERENDEEL GIRDER:
4. CABLE:
Let us now invert the shape of a cable under a given load, that is
the sag at any point is turned into a rise. The point is now above
the chord joining the end points by the
same amount it was previously below it. A structure built
according to the funicular shape in COMPRESSION is termed as
an ARCH.
The optional rise to span ratio for an arch is in the range of 1/6-
1/4. The depth to span ratio of an arch is usually in the range of
1/40 -1/70.
5. FOLDED PLATE:
The typical depth /span ratio is in the range from 1/15 to 1/10.
6. FLATE PLATE:
A typical depth of a solid FLAT PLATE is 1/22 -1/18 of the effective
span.
Typical depth of flat plate ribbed slabs are in the range of 1/20-
1/17 of the lesser effective span.
9. DOMES:
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