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(Edu - Joshuatly.com) JUJ 2010 Chemistry PDF
(Edu - Joshuatly.com) JUJ 2010 Chemistry PDF
SET
1. The Structure of Atom
2. Chemical Formulae and Equations
3. Periodic Table of Elements
4. Chemical Bonds
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PAPER 2 STRUCTURE
SECTION A
1 Diagram 1 shows the graph for the temperature against time of solid substance X when
heated. Substance X is an organic compound and flammable.
0
Temperature / C
Q R
78
Time/
s
3 36
0 Diagram 1
0
(a) Draw a set-up of the apparatus used to determine the melting point of substance X.
[2 marks]
.................................................................................................................................
. [1 mark]
PQ : ................................................................................................................
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RS :
.......................................................................................................................... [2
marks]
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(iv) State how the movement of substance X particles changes between R and S
during heating.
[1 mark]
(c) If substance X is cooled to the room temperature without stirring, draw the graph of
temperature against time obtained.
[2
marks]
(d) Identify substance X
..............................................................................................................................................
....
[1 mark]
2 Diagram 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.V,W,X,Y and Z do not represent
the actual symbol of the elements.
1
18
2 13 14 15 16 17
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W X V Z
Y
DIAGRAM 2
..............
...[1 mark ]
.
.......................................................................................................................[1 mark ]
................................................................................................................................
[2 marks ]
(b) V and Y are located in the same group in the Periodic Table of Elements.
.................................................................................................................. [1 mark]
............................
..........
............................
..........
............................
..........
[3 marks]
...................... [1 mark]
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[2
marks]
3 Table 3 shows the melting point, boiling point and electrical conductivity of substances P, Q,
R, and T.
Electrical conductivity
Melting point Boiling point
Substance o o
( C) ( C)
Solid Molten
Table 3
.
[1 mark]
..
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain why substance P cannot conduct electricity in solid but can conduct
electricity in molten state.
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.................................................................................................................................
..............
..............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
R : ............................................
T : ......................................
[2 marks]
[2 marks ]
(iii) Explain why the melting and boiling points of substance R and T is low ?
[2 marks ]
__ 2+
__
Y X Y
Diagram 4
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(a) State how are Y ion and X ion formed from their respective atoms?
Y ion:
..
X ion :
[ 2 marks]
....................................................................................................................
... [1 mark]
....................................................................................................................
... [1 mark]
(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between element X and
element Y to form compound J.
.......................................................................................................................
..................
[1 mark]
(c) (i) Write the electron arrangement for atom of elements X and Y
X :.
Y : ..
[2 marks]
(ii) Between the atoms of elements X and Y, which one has a smaller size.
....................................................................................................................
......
[1
mar
k]
Explain your answer in (b) (ii)
.........................................................................................................................
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....................................................................................................................
.....
[
2
mar
ks]
(d) Y can react with carbon to form a compound. Draw the electron arrangement for
the compound formed.
[Given that proton number for carbon is 6]
[2 marks]
5 In an experiment to determine the empirical formula of an oxide of copper , the
combustion tube with the porcelain dish are weighed. Oxide of copper is added into the
porcelain dish and the tube is weighed again. The oxide of copper is heated strongly.
After the set of apparatus cools down to room temperature the combustion tube with its
content is weighed again.
[1 mark]
(b) Draw a set-up of the apparatus for the experiment.
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[2 marks]
[3
marks]
(d) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment.
..............
.................
[1 mark]
(e) Before oxide of copper is heated, hydrogen gas is allowed to pass through the
apparatus until all the air in the combustion tube is completely removed.
Describe the steps that should be taken to ensure that all air in the combustion
tube has been removed.
[3 marks]
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(f) (i) Can the empirical formula of magnesium oxide be determined using the same
method as above? Explain your answer.
.................
..................
.................
..................
[2 marks]
(ii) Draw a labeled diagram of the set-up of the apparatus for the experiment
[2 marks]
35 12 23
17 R 6 S 11 T
Diagram 6
[ 1 mark]
(ii) State the period and the group for element T in the Periodic Table.
Period : ..........
Group : .................... [2
marks]
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(i) Name the type of bond in the compound formed between atoms R and S.
[
1 mark]
..
[
1
m
a
r
k
]
(c) (i) Atoms of R and T can also react to form compound. Draw the electron
arrangement for the
compound formed.
[2 marks]
(ii) Name the force that exists between particles in the compound formed .
.................................................................................................................................
.....
[
1
m
a
r
k
]
(iii) The melting point of the compound formed is 801 C and its boiling points is 1413
C.
What is the state of matter for this compound at 1000 C.
..........................................................................................................................
......
[
1 mark]
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[1
mark]
7 Lactic acid is an acid produced in milk by bacteria that causes the milk to taste sour.
Table 7 shows the percentage of composition by mass of each element in lactic acid.
Element Percentage
Carbon 40.00
Hydrogen 6.67
Oxygen 53.33
Table 7
(a) Based on the information above, calculate the empirical formula of lactic acid.
Given that the relative atomic mass of H = 1 ; C = 12 ; O = 16
[3 marks]
(b) Relative molecular mass of lactic acid is 90. Determine the molecular formula of
lactic acid.
[2 marks]
(c) Calculate the number of hydrogen atom in 1 mol of lactic acid?
23 -1
Given that Avogadro number ,NA = 6.02 10 mol
[2 mark]
(d) Calculate the number of moles of 4.5 g lactic acid.
Given that the relative atomic mass of H = 1 ; C = 12 ; O = 16
[1 mark]
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Name of ions Silver ion Zinc ion Nitrate ion Chloride ion
+ 2+ - -
Formula of ions Ag Zn NO3 Cl
TABLE 8
(b) When silver nitrate solution is added to zinc chloride solution, white precipitate, silver
chloride and zinc nitrate solution are formed.
Reactants
:...................................................................................................
Products :
..................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction occurs in (b).
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) The following equation shows the decomposition of silver nitrate by heat.
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[3 marks]
[2 marks]
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PAPER 2
ESSAY SECTION B
9 (a) Diagram 9 shows the models of atoms which were developed by Ernest Rutherford and
Neils Bohr
and modern atomic model.
Electron
Modern
atomic
Shell
structure
Nucleus contains
protons
Nucleus contains protons
DIAGRAM 9
(ii) What is the difference in the position of electrons between the Rutherfords
model
and Bohrs Model
[2 marks]
(iii) Draw the electron arrangement of an atom that consists of 13 electrons using
the Modern Atomic Model
[2 marks]
(b) Chlorine has two isotopes which are chlorine-35 and chlorine-37.The proton number of
chlorine is 17.
X
(i) Write the symbol for one of the isotopes of chlorine in the form of A
Z
[3 marks]
(ii) Compare the number of sub atomic particles in these two isotopes
[4 marks]
(c) Describe fully the atomic structure for chlorine isotopes that you have stated in 1(b)(i)
[5 marks]
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PAPER 2
ESSAY SECTION C
10 (a)
The volume of 2.2 g of carbon dioxide gas is less than
the volume of 2.2 g of hydrogen at the same temperature and pressure.
Element P Q R
Proton number 8 12 17
TABLE 11
(a) Based on electron arrangement, explain the formation of chemical bond between
(iii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between gas P and element Q.
(ii) State three physical properties of the white solid.
[4 marks]
(c) What is the position of element Q in the Periodic Table of the elements?
Explain how to obtain your answer.
[4 marks ]
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PAPER 3
STRUCTURE
12. The diagram below shows the apparatus set-up for the experiment to determine the freezing
point of
substance X.
thermometer
Substance X
Volumetric flask
The diagram below shows the thermometer reading for the cooling of substance X at
certain time intervals.
95 90 90 90
90 85 85 85
85 80 80 80
90 90 80 75
85 85 75 70
80 70 65
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4th minute 5th minute 6th minute 7th minute
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(a) Record the thermometer readings shown in the diagram above by completing the
table below.
Time(minutes) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
o
Temperature/ C
[3 marks]
(b) Draw the graph of temperature against time on the graph paper provided.
[3 marks]
(i) State the change in temperature of substance X for the whole experiment.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
[
3
mar
ks]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
[3
mar
ks]
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(d) What is the freezing point of substance X? label it on the graph to how you have
obtained the answer.
.............
[3 marks]
...
...
[3 marks]
o
(f) If substance X is heated from room temperature until 100 C, what is the temperature
when substance X starts to melt? Explain your answer.
.......................
[3 marks]
13
Elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table of Elements can be arranged based on the
reactivity of the elements with water.
An experiment is carried out to investigate the statement above.The table below shows
the apparatus set up and the observations for the experiment to determine the reactivity
of the Group 1 elements based on their reactions with water.
Lithium
Lithium moves slowly on the surface of the water
with a hiss sound.
))
water
Potassium
Potassium moves vigorously and randomly on the
))
)))) ) water surface of the water with a hiss sound.
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sodium
(a) State all the variables that are involved for the experiment and the action to be
taken to contol the variables.
.. ..
.. ...
..
..
[6 marks]
[3 marks]
(c) Based on the observations in the figure above, arrange lithium, potassium and
sodium in the descending order of reactivity of metals towards water.
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[3
marks]
(d) Solution X was produced from the reaction of sodium with water. Classify the
ions that exist in solution X into positive ions and negative ions.
[3 marks]
14
When lithium metal is put in water, it moves very slowly on the surface of the water. When sodium
metal is put in water, it moves quite fast and produces hiss sound. When potassium metal is put in
water, it moves very fast and produces small explosions.
Metal
Water
Plan an experiment in the laboratory to investigate the reactivity of lithium, sodium and
potassium with water and describe the effect of the solution produced towards a red litmus
paper.
The planning of your experiment must consist of the following:
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SET
5. Electrochemistry
6. Oxidation and Reduction
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PAPER 2
SECTION A
-3
1 Diagram 1 shows the set-up of apparatus for the electrolysis 2.0 moldm copper(II) chloride
solution using carbon electrodes.
Gas X
-3
Copper(II) chloride solution 2.0 mol dm
Carbon electrode Y
Carbon electrode Z
Diagram 1
(a) Write the formula of all the ions present in the aqueous copper (II)chloride
solution.
[1
mark]
.....
[1
mark]
(ii) Write the half equation for the reaction at carbon electrode Z.
[1
mark]
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.
[1
mark]
(ii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction between gas X and potassium
iodide solution.
.
..
[2
marks]
.
[1
mark]
(d) When electrolysis is carried out after 2 hours , gas W which is a colourless gas is
produced at electrode Y.
[1
mark]
.
[3
marks]
2 Diagram 2.1 shows the set-up of the apparatus for an experiment to construct the
Electrochemical Series through the ability of metals to displace other metals from their
salt solution.
Diagram 2.1
The experiment was repeated using copper and P metals to replace zinc and P nitrate
solution to replace silver nitrate solution.
Table 2.2 shows the result obtained.
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[1 mark]
(b) Based on the results in Table 2, arrange the metals silver, copper, P and zinc in
ascending order of electropositivity.
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
[2 mark]
(iii) What is the change in the oxidation number of zinc?
[1 mark]
(e) Diagram 2.2 shows the set up of apparatus for the reaction between metal P and
copper(II) nitrate solution.
Copper(II) nitrate
Metal P plate solution
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Diagram 2.2
..
..
[2 marks]
(f) State two uses of the Electrochemical Series besides the determining the ability
of a metal to displace another metal from its salt solution.
.............
.............
[2 marks]
Copper plate
Zinc plate
Porous pot
Solution of Y
Zinc sulphate
solution
Diagram 3
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[1
mark]
[1
mark]
(ii) Name the ions exist in the solution you have stated in (b)(i).
[1
mark]
(c) State the electrode acts as positive terminal. Explain your answer
.............
[2
marks]
(d) State the observation at zinc electrode .
..............
[1
mark]
(e) Electrode zinc is replaced by silver metal and zinc sulphate solution is replaced
by silver nitrate solution.
Complete Table 3 to show the differences that happen in voltaic cell before and
after zinc electrode and zinc sulphate solution are replaced by silver electrode
and silver nitrate solution.
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Observation at
solution Y you have
suggested in (b) (i)
Table 3
[4 marks]
(f) Explain why there are differences in observation you have stated in (e) in terms
2+
of the number of Cu in the solution.
[1 mark]
4 Diagram 4 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reaction between potassium
iodide solution and chlorine water through the transfer of electrons at a distance.
Diagram 4
[1 mark]
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(c) (i) What is the colour change in the solution around electrode P?
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Describe a chemical test to identify the product formed in the solution at electrode
P.
........................
........ ...............
[2 marks]
(d) What is the substance that is being oxidised in the experiment? Explain why.
..........
.........
[2 marks]
(e) Write a half equation for the reaction that occurs at electrode Q.
...........
[1 mark]
(f) Suggest another reagent that can replace chlorine water.
............................
[1 mark]
.......................
[1 mark]
2+ 3+
5 Diagram 5 shows a laboratory experiment to change Fe ion to Fe ion.
Chlorine water
Diagram 5
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.............................................................................................................................
[
1
mar
k]
..............................................................................................................................
[
2
mar
ks]
(c) (i) What is the role of chlorine water?
..........................................................................................................................
[
1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer.
......................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(ii) Suggest one reducing agent that can be used .
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) What would you expect to observe when the reducing agent is added to the
solution.
.................................................................................................................................
[
1 mark]
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6. Diagram 6.1 shows the apparatus set-up for the experiment to study the effect of metals
P and Q on the rusting of iron nail. The results are recorded after one day.
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Diagram 6.1
.................................................................................................................................
[
1 mark]
(b) Name the ion which gives the dark blue precipitate in the experiment.
.................................................................................................................................
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[1
mark]
(c) In which experiment, the rusting of iron nail does not occur? Explain your answer.
.................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
[2
marks]
.................................................................................................................................
[
1 mark]
.................................................................................................................
[
1 mark]
.................................................................................................................
.
[
1 mark]
(f) State the ion that causes the solution in test tube C to turn pink.
.................................................................................................................................
...
[
1 mark]
7 Three different powdered metals oxide P, Q and R are heated and hydrogen gas is allowed
to pass over them as shown in Diagram 7. Table 7 shows the results obtained.
Dry hydrogen
gas
Diagram 7
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Metal Observation
oxide During heating After heating
P Glows dimly The brown powder turns shiny grey
It turn yellow when hot and white when
Q Does not glow
cold
R Glows brightly The black powder turns brown
Table 7
(a) Why does metal Q does not glow during the heating?
[1 mark]
(b) Arrange metals P, Q, R and Hydrogen in descending order of reactivity.
[1 mark]
(c) Based on the reaction between P and hydrogen gas, which substance is
reduced?
State your reasons.
..................
[2 marks]
(d) Which substance acts as the oxidizing agent in the reaction between P oxide
and hydrogen?
[1 mark]
(e) Given that the oxide of metal P has the empirical formula of PO, write chemical
equation to represent the reaction between oxide P and hydrogen gas.
[2 marks]
. [1
mark]
(g) The following shows the positions of carbon and metals X, Y and Z in the
reactivity series of metals
X, carbon, Y, Z
Increasing reactivity
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.........
.........
[2 marks]
SECTION B
8 (a) What is the meaning of oxidation and reduction in terms of electron transfer.
[2 marks]
(b) Describe the oxidation and reduction process in terms of the electron transfer that
occurs in each of the following reaction :
(i) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus that you can use to investigate
electron transfer at a distance for the following reaction.
2+ 3+ -
2Fe (aq) + Br2 (aq) 2Fe (q ) + 2Br (aq)
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II Mg + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Table 9
(b) By using a suitable example for each of the reaction below, explain how these
reactions can occur.
2+
(i) Oxidation of Mg atoms to Mg ions. [5 marks]
2- 2+
(ii) Reduction of MnO4 ions to Mn ions [5 marks]
Include half-equations for the oxidation and reduction reactions in your answers.
(c) Diagram 9.1 shows the set-up of the apparatus of the displacement reaction.
Diagram 9.1
State the observation for this reaction and write the half equation for the chemical
changes that takes place. Identify the oxidising agent and reducing agent for this
reaction.
[6 marks]
SECTION C
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Zinc plate
Copper plate
Copper (II) sulphate solution
By using the above substances and suitable apparatus in the chemistry laboratory,
describe an experiment to transform the chemical energy to electrical energy.
In your description, draw a labelled diagram, explain how the transformation
can occur and write the half equation for the reactions.
[8 marks]
(c) (i) One of the factor that affects the discharge of ion at the electrode for electrolysis of
aqueous solution is the position of ion in Electrochemical Series.
State two other factors.
[2 marks]
(ii) Explain the electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate solution using carbon electrodes. In
your description, state the observations and write the half equations for the reaction
at cathode and anode.
[8 marks]
(b) Using lead(II) bromide as an example, explain the ionic theory during the electrolysis is
of molten lead (II) bromide.
[8 marks]
(c) You are provided with copper(II) sulphate solution and all the apparatus needed, describe
an experiment to determine the product of electrolysis at the anode and cathode. You are
required to describe the test to confirm the product at the anode. You should also include
the half equation at the electrodes.
[
10
marks]
[4 marks]
(b) The transfer of electrons takes place in many redox reactions.With the help of a labelled
diagram, describe an experiment that you can carry out to study the redox reaction
through the transfer of electrons.
Predict the observation and explain the reaction that will take place in the experiment.
[12
marks]
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(d) Using a suitable example, explain why double decomposition is not a edox reaction.
Give another example of reaction which is not a redox reaction.
[4
marks]
3
13 (a) A tablespoon of common salt is dissolved in 250cm of water and electrolysed using
carbon electrodes.Name the product at the cathode and write the half equation for the
reaction.
[2
marks]
Metal X Metal Z
Solution Z
Solution P Solution Q
Diagram 12
By naming suitable substances for P,Q,X,Y and Z, describe the reactions that occur in
the voltaic cell. Your explanation should include the observation and half equation for the
reactions that take place at the electrodes.
[8 marks]
(c) A student intends to investigate the redox reaction by the transfer of electrons
at a distance. The chemicals supplied are
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PAPER 3
14 An experiment is carried out to construct an electrochemical series of metals. Diagram 14
shows the set-up of apparatus of voltaic cell .The potential difference between electrode
-3
metal L and metal M measured. An experiment is repeated by replacing metal M with
metal J and Q.
V
Metal L Metal M
Salt solution L
-3
1.0 mol dm
DIAGRAM 14
Diagram 14.1 shows the potential difference of three voltmeters A, B and C for the voltaic
cells
with pair of metal L/M, L/J and L/Q respectively.
A
3.0
0
B
3.0
1.5 2.0
1.0
0.5 V 2.5
C
3.0
Diagram 14.1
Potential Positive
Pair of Metals Voltmeter
difference(V) terminal
L dan M A L
L dan J B L
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L dan Q C Q
Table 14.1
(a) Record the voltmeter reading for the pairs of metals in the table 14.1.
[3
marks]
...................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
[3
marks]
..........................................................................................................
[3
marks]
(d) Iron metal is located between metal M and metal L in the electrochemical series.
State which metals are more electropositive and less electropositive than iron
metal.
.......................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[3
marks]
(e) By using the data from that experiment, suggest the possible voltage, if M and Q
metals is used to construct electrochemical series.
..................................................................................................................
....
[3
marks]
15 The diagram below shows a simple chemical cell that was set up to investigate the
arrangement of metals P, Q, R and S.
Electodes Electode
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The table below shows the pair of metals used for each experiment.
The voltmeter readings for each experiment are shown in the diagram below.
1 2 1 2
0 0
Experiment I Experiment II
1 1 2
2
0 0
(a) Read and record the voltmeter readings in the table above. [3 marks]
.............
(ii) The responding variable
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[3marks]
(c) State the hypothesis for this experiment.
[3
marks]
[3
marks]
(e) Based on the voltmeter reading, arrange the metals of P,Q, R, dan S according
to ascending order of electropositivity.
[3
marks]
(f) What is the inference that can be made for the mass of the negative electrode
and the positive electrode in each experiment after a certain time interval?
..
[3
marks]
(g) Why is the voltmeter reading for experiment II bigger than experiment IV?
[
3
marks]
(h) In experiment I, if Q is copper metal, R is silver metal, and sulphuric acid is used
as the electrolyte,
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[
3
marks]
(ii) write the half equation for the reaction that occurs at the copper metal.
[3
marks]
(i) Classify the metals that can displace and cannot displace metal Q from the salt solution
of Q.
Metals that can displace metal Q Metals that cannot displace metal Q
from salt solution of Q. from salt solution of Q.
[3
marks]
17 The diagram below shows two sets of electrolysis that can be carried out on copper(II)
sulphate solution using different types of electrodes. The two experiments will give two
different results.
Carbon
Carbon electrode
Copper
electrode Copper
Copper(II) electrode
sod electrode
karbon sulphate
solution
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Copper(II)
sulphate
. solution
Before Experiment After Experiment
Intensity of the blue Intensity of the blue
colour decreases colour remains the same
Based on the observations above, plan an experiment to investigate the effect of type of
electrodes in the electrolysis of copper(II) sulphate solution.
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SET
7. Acids and Bases
8. Salts
9. Rate of Reaction
10. Thermochemistry
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PAPER 2
SECTION A
1 Table 1 below shows the description and observation for two experiments involving two
solutions:
Observation
Experiment Description
HCl in solvent X HCl in solvent Y
Reaction of hydrogen
Effervescence
chloride in solvent X and
I occurs. A colourless No change occur
solvent Y with calcium
gas is liberated.
carbonate lumps.
Electrolysis of hydrogen
Reading of the Reading of the
II chloride in solvent X and
ammeter is 1 A ammeter is 0 A.
solvent Y
Table 1
(a) Name a suitable compound for
Solvent X: ........................................................................
Solvent Y: .........................................................................
[2
marks]
(b) (i) Which of the solution shows acidic properties?
...................................................................................................................
[1
mark]
(ii) What is the role of solvent in (b) (i) that enables the solution to show
acidic properties?
....................................................................................................................
.
[2
marks]
(c) (i) Effervescence occurs when hydrogen chloride in solvent X react with
calcium carbonate. Name the gas liberated.
.............................................................................................................
[1
mark]
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(ii) Describe a chemical test to identify the gas liberated in (c) (i)
..............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
[2
marks]
....................................................................................................................
.....
[3
marks]
(d) Hydrogen chloride in solvent X can conduct electricity but hydrogen chloride in
solvent Y cannot conduct electricity. Explain why.
......................................................................................................................
......
......................................................................................................................
......
[2
marks]
3
(e) Calculate the mass of hydrogen chloride gas, HCl to prepare 100 cm of 0.5 mol
-3
dm
HCl acid.
[Given that the relative atomic mass of H = 1, Cl = 35.5 , C = 12, O = 16 , Ca =
40 ]
[3 marks]
2 Diagram 2 shows series of reactions for the preparation of copper(II) chloride from
copper(II) carbonate.
Step I
Copper(II) carbonate Solid X + Carbon dioxide gas
Step II
Excess solid X is added to
dilute hydrochloric acid
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Solution R
Step III
Copper(II) chloride
Diagram 2
[1
mark]
[1
mark]
(iii) Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up that can be used to
produce solid X and identify gas Y in step I.
[2 marks]
(b) (i) Why is excess of solid X added to the heated dilute hydrochloric acid in step II?
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in step II.
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[1 mark]
(c) Describe how copper(II) chloride crystals are obtained from solution R in step III.
[3 marks]
3 The diagram 3 shows the formation of lead(II) nitrate and its changes to other
compounds.
+ compound J
Lead(II) oxide Lead(II) nitrate Brown gas
Diagram 3
(a) (i) Lead(II) oxide has reacted with compound J to form lead(II) nitrate.
Name compound J
....................................................................................................................
.........
[
1 mark]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in (a) (i)
....................................................................................................................
.........
[
1 mark]
....................................................................................................................
.......
[
1 mark]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in (b) (i)
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....................................................................................................................
.........
[
1 mark]
....................................................................................................................
......
[1
mark]
....................................................................................................................
.........
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................
........
[1 mark]
(d) Sodium hydroxide solution is added a little at a time to lead(II) nitrate solution
until in excess. What is the observation?
.................................................................................................................................
...
[2
marks]
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4 10.0 cm of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium iodide is poured to 8 different test tubes. Different
volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate are added to each test tube. The height of
precipitate formed in each test tube is measured.
The graph 4 below is obtained when the height of precipitate is plotted against the
volume of lead(II) nitrate solution.
Height of precipitate/ cm
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Volume of lead(II)nitrate / cm
Graph 4
..................................................................................................................................
[1
mark]
3 3
(b) 10 cm of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate is added to 10 cm of 1.0 mol dm-3
sodium iodide solution. Estimate the height of the precipitate formed.
.................................................................................................................................
[1
mark]
(c) Based on the above graph, what is the volume of lead(II) nitrate needed to
completely react with sodium iodide solution?
.................................................................................................................................
[1
mark]
(d) Calculate
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[1
mark]
(ii) the number of moles of lead(II) nitrate that has completely reacted
with sodium iodide solution
[1
mark]
(e) Write the ionic equation for the formation of the precipitate.
.................................................................................................................................
[1
mark]
(f) The concentration of lead(II) nitrate is changed from 1.0 mol dm -3 to 2.0 mol dm-
3 .
Sketch the graph obtained on the above graph.
[2
mark]
3
5 An experiment is carried out to study the decomposition of 25 cm of hydrogen peroxide at
room temperature with the presence of manganese (IV) oxide as a catalyst.
Table 5
(a) Write the balance equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with
the presence of catalyst.
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...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Draw a graph of volume of gas against time for the reaction.
[3 marks]
(c) Based on the graph in (b),
calculate
(i) the average rate of reaction in the first minute
[1 mark]
[2 marks]
(d) Based on the volume of oxygen gas released, calculate the concentration of hydrogen
peroxide in the experiment.
3
[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm at room temperature and pressure]
[3 marks]
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...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
......................................................[3 marks]
6 An experiment is carried out to determine heat of displacement for the reaction between
3 -3
50 cm of 0.1mol dm copper(II) sulphte solution and zinc powder. Excess of zinc
powder is added to the copper(II) sulphate solution in a polystyrene cup.
The results of the experiment are shown in Table 6 below.
0
Initial temperature / C 28.2
0
Maximum temperature / C 33.4
Table 6
-1 0 -1
[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g C ]
[1
mark]
[1mark]
(c) Calculate
[1 mark]
(ii) the number of moles of copper(II) sulphate that has reacted with zinc.
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[1
mark]
(iii) Heat of displacement .
[2 marks]
[2 marks]
(e) Polystyrene cup A is used in the above experiment . The experiment is repeated
using cup B. Predict the change in temperature. Explain your answer.
Polystyrene
cup
Cup A Cup B
Prediction:
[1 mark]
Explanation:
..........
............
[2 marks ]
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3 -3
7 50 cm of 2.0mol dm sodium hydroxide solution is pour in a plastic cup and initial
3 -3
temperature is recorded. 50 cm of 2.0 mol dm hydrochloric acid is measured and its
initial temperature is also recorded. The hydrochloric acid is added to the sodium
hydroxide in the plastic cup. The mixture is stirred and the highest temperature is
recorded.
The following data in Table 7 was obtained.
Table 7
............................................
[1 mark]
(b) Why is a plastic cup used in this experiment?
..........................................
[1 mark]
(c) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that has taken place.
....................................
[1 mark]
(d) State one precaution that must be taken while carrying out the experiment.
..............................
[1 mark]
(e) Calculate
(i) the heat change in the experiment.
-1 -1
[Given that heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g C ]
[1 mark]
(ii) the heat of neutralization in this experiment.
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[2 marks]
(f) Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction that occurred in this experiment.
[2
marks]
(g) The heat of neutralization calculated in this experiment is less than theoretical
value.
Explain this statement.
..............................................
[1 mark]
Thermometer
Polystyrene cup
Barium chloride solution +Sodium sulphate solution
Diagram 8
Table 8.1
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[1
mark]
..
[1
mark]
(c) Complete the ionic equation for the reaction that occurred.
2+ 2-
Ba + SO 4 .
[1
mark]
(d) Calculate:
[2 marks]
(ii) the heat of precipitation in the experiment.
The number of moles of barium chloride
= the number of moles of sodium sulphate that reacted
= .
...
.
[1
mark]
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PAPER 2
ESSAY
SECTION B
(b) An experiment is carried out to study the rate of reaction between magnesium strip and
different type of acids.
The time taken by magnesium strip to dissolve in acids in each experiment is recorded in
Table 9.
TABLE 9
(i) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between magnesium strip and acid.
[2
marks]
(i) food stored in the refrigerator lasts longer than food stored in
the kitchen cabinet.
[3
marks]
(ii) meat cut into small pieces can be cooked faster compare with
meat in big chunks.
[3
marks]
(iii) food cook in a pressure cooker can save energy and time compared to
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10 Three experiments have been carried out to study the effect of factors affecting the rate
of reaction at room temperature. Table 10 shows the results of the experiments.
Experiment I II III
3 3
10 cm of 10 cm of 3
-3 -3 10 cm of
1 mol dm 2 mol dm -3
2 mol dm
sulphuric acid sulphuric acid
Set-up of apparatus sulphuric acid
Excess of Excess of
magnesium magnesium Excess of
strip strip magnesium
powder
Table 10
(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and sulphuric
acid. Calculate the maximum volume of gas released in experiment I and experiment
II.
3 -1
[Molar volume: 24 dm mol at room condition]
[6 marks]
(b) Sketch the graph for the volume of gas released against time for Experiment I, II
and III on the same axes.
[
3
marks]
3 -1
(c) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I, II and III in cm s .
[3 marks]
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For each of the above cases, explain why there is a difference in the rate of
reaction
based on the collision theory.
[8 marks]
PAPER 2
ESSAY
SECTION C
[4
marks]
(b) You are given zinc nitrate crystals. Describe how you can perform a chemical test
to confirm the presence of zinc ions and nitrate ions in the zinc nitrate crystals.
[6 marks]
(c) You are required to prepare magnesium nitrate salt from the chemical substances
provided below.
Your answer should include all the chemical equations involved in the reactions.
[10
marks]
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12 (a) 11.2 g of solid potassium hydroxide, KOH, is dissolved in distilled water to produce a
solution of
3 -3
1000 cm . The solution produced has the concentration of 11.2 g dm and molarity of x
-3
mol dm .
(i) State the meaning of the molarity for the solution produced. [1
mark]
(ii) Write the formula that represents the relationship between the number of mole
(n),
molarity (M) and volume (V) for the solution.
[1 mark]
(iii) Find the value of x.
[Relative atomic mass of H=1, O=16, K=39]
[3
marks]
(b) Table 12 shows the results of an experiment to compare the strength of acids.
Acid pH value
-3
Hydrochloric acid of 0.1 mol dm 1
-3
Ethanoic acid of 0.1 mol dm 4
Table 12
Explain why the pH values of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid in Table 12 are
different.
[5
marks]
(b) Table 13 shows the values of heat of reaction between different types of acids
and alkalis.
Heat of
Reaction Chemical equation
reaction
I NaOH(aq) +HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) 57 kJ
Table 13
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Explain why,
14. (a) Diagram 14.1 and 14.2 show energy level diagrams.
Energy Energy
Mg(s) + FeSO4
CaCO3 + 2NaCl
H= - 200 kJ H= + 12.6 kJ
CaCl2 + Na2CO3
MgSO4 + Fe
ionic equations
type of chemical reactions
energy content of reactants and products
[6 marks]
(b) Explain why the heat of reaction between 1.0 mole of silver nitrate solution and
1.0 mole of sodium chloride solution is the same as the heat of reaction between
1.0 mole of silver nitrate solution and 0.5 mole of magnesium chloride solution.
[4
marks]
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15 Table 15 shows the molecular formula and heat of combustion of three types of alcohol.
Table 15
(ii) Explain why there are differences in the value of heat of combustion of the
alcohols in
Table 15.
[3 marks]
(b) Describe an experiment that you can carry out in your school laboratory to
determine the heat of combustion of one of the alcohol in Table 15. Your
description should include precautionary steps and the steps involved in the
calculation.
[12
marks]
(c) In another experiment to determine the heat of precipitation of lead (II) sulphate,
3 -3 3
50.0 cm of 2.0 mol dm lead(II) nitrate solution is reacted with 50.0 cm of 2.0
-3
mol dm sodium sulphate solution. Increment of the temperature in the mixture
o
is 10 C.
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Calculate the value of the heat of precipitation of lead(II) sulphate in this reaction.
-1 o -1
[Use the information that the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J g C ]
[4 marks ]
PAPER 3
16 A student carried out a titration process using hydrochloric acid solution to determine the
3
unknown concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution. 25 cm of sodium hydroxide
solution is poured into a conical flask. Three drops of phenolphtalein is added to the sodium
-3
hydroxide solution. The solution is then titrated with 0.1 mol dm hydrochloric acid from a
burette. The titration process is carried out until the end point is obtained. Initial and final
burette reading for the three titrations carried out are shown in Diagram 16 below.
ng
Diagram 16
(a) State the colour change in the conical flask at the end point.
[3 marks]
Number of titrations 1 2 3
3
Final reading/cm
3
Initial reading/cm
Volume of hydrochloric
3
acid solution used/cm
[3 marks]
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(c) What is the average volume of the hydrochloric acid used to neutralise exactly
3
25 cm of sodium hydroxide solution?
[3 marks]
(d) Based on your answer in (c), determine the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution.
[3 marks]
3
(e) Predict the volume of the acid used that can neutralise 25 cm of the same sodium
hydroxide solution if the hydrochloric acid solution is being replaced by:
-3
(i) ethanoic acid 0.1 mol dm
-3
(ii) sulphuric acid 0.1 mol dm
[3 marks]
17 Table 17 below shows the data obtained by a student to investigate the relationship between
the
concentration of acid with the pH value of hydrochloric acid. The standard concentration of
3
each solution is 0.1 mol dm . The solution is then diluted to give solutions with different
concentrations.
pH value for each solution is determined with a pH meter and the value recorded.
-3
Concentration / mol dm 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001
Table 17
..
.... ................
..
..
(iii) Controlled variable: (iii) The way to maintain the controlled variable:
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.... .
[6 marks]
...................................................................................................................................
.................
...................................................................................................................................
.................
[3 marks]
(c) Why does the pH value of hydrochloric acid increase when the concentration decreases?
[3
marks ]
(d) Why hydrochloric acid solution with the same concentration with ethanoic acid solution
has a
lower pH value?
..
[
3
mar
ks]
18 An experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction
-3 -
of sodium thiosulphate solution 0.05 mol dm with hydrochloric acid solution 1.0 mol dm
3
. Time for a certain quantity of sulphur precipitated is recorded as in Table 18 below.
o
Temperature of sodium thiosulphate / C 30 35 40 45 50
Table 18
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.. ...
.. ...
...
...
(iii) Controlled variable: (iii) The way to maintain the controlled variable:
..
..
[6 marks]
..
..
[
3
mar
ks]
(e) From the graph at (c), predict the time taken for a certain quantity of sulphur precipitates
-3
if the concentration of sodium thiosulphate used is 0.01 mol dm .
[3 marks]
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19 Diagram 19 below shows the experiment to determine the heat of combustion of ethanol.
3
200 cm of water used in this experiment.
25 65
20 60
55
15
o
Initial temperature of water: .................. C Highest temperature of water: ....................
o
C
o
Change in temperature: ....................... C
218.5 217.5
Initial mass of spirit lamp and ethanol: Final mass of spirit lamp and ethanol:
........... g ............ g
Diagram 15
(a) Write the initial and final temperature of water and the initial and final mass of the spirit
lamp
with ethanol in the diagram. [3
marks]
(b) Construct a table that can be used to record the data from the experiment for
temperature.
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[3 marks]
(c) (i) Calculate the energy change in this experiment.
-1o
[Given: Energy change = mc, specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.2 Jg C]
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
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(d) The table below shows the heat of combustion of three alcohols.
-1
Name of alcohol Molecular formula Heat of combustion/k mol
Methanol CH3OH 725
Ethanol C2H5OH 1376
Propanol C3H7OH 2015
If ethanol is replaced with methanol for the experiment above, with the same amount of
energy change, predict the mass of methanol burnt.
-1
[Given the molecular mass of CH3OH: 32 g mol ]
...........................
.................
[3 marks]
20
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Projek Jawab Untuk Jaya 2010
SET
11. Carbon Compounds
12. Manufactured Substances in
Industry
13. Chemicals for Consumers
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PAPER 2
STRUCTURE
SECTION A
H H H H
HCCH HCCH
H H H OH
Compound J Compound K
Diagram 1
Compound J: .........
Compound K: .....
[2 marks]
Functional group :
General formula :..
[
2
marks]
(b) Compound K can be produced from compound J under a high temperature and
pressure in the presence of a catalyst.
.......
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the reaction.
............
[1 mark]
(c) Compound L is produced when an acidic potassium dichromate(VI) solution is
added into a test
tube containing compound K.
.......
[1 mark]
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.......
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[3 marks]
.
Reaction II
Reaction I PROPENE PROPANOL
PROPANE
Reaction III
[1 mark]
(b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction I
[1 mark]
(c) State the reagent, temperature and pressure for the reaction II.
....................
.................
[1 mark]
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(d) Draw all the structural formulae and give the IUPAC name for all the isomers of propanol
[4marks]
(e) Combustion of propene produced more soot than combustion of propane. Explain
why.
[Given that relative atomic mass of H ; 1, C ; 12 ]
.
.
..
.
[3 marks]
[1 mark]
(ii) Propanoic reacts with ethanol to form ester. Name the ester formed.
[1
mark]
[1
mark]
3 The diagram below shows the flow chart for the conversion of an organic compound to
other compounds through process I, II ,III and combustion of compound L.
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.
[
1 mark]
[
1 mark]
.........................
[
1 mark]
.......................
[
2
marks]
(iii) 0.5 mole of L burn completely in the air. Calculate the volume of gas X
released.
3
[1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm at room temperature and pressure]
[2
marks]
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..
[1 mark]
[
1 mark]
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[2
marks ]
4. The diagram below shows the flow chart for the conversion of C2H4 and C3H7OH to
other compounds.
C2 H4 C3 H7OH
Polymerization
Compound P C 3 H6
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..........
.
[1
mark]
(b) Draw the structural formulae of C2H4 and compound P in the equation below to
represent the polymerisation of C2H4.
Polymerization
C2H4 Compound P
[2 marks]
...
.....
[
1 mark]
...
.
[1
mark]
[
1 mark]
(e) The products from process 1 and process 2 react to form a sweet smell
compound.
[
1 mark]
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[1 mark]
[
1 mark]
[
1 mark]
(g) The boiling point of C3H6 is higher than C2H4. Explain why.
.
..
..
[3 marks]
5 The diagram shows an industrial preparation of compound X from suphuric acid and
ammonia.
Reaction A
Compound X
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..
.....
[1 mark]
..
.....
[1 mark]
....................................
[1 mark]
......................
[1 mark]
[
1
mark]
(d) (i) Write the chemical equation for the formation of ammonia in Haber
Process
......................................................................................................
..............................
[1
mark]
(ii) State the temperature, pressure and catalyst used in the Haber Process.
....................................................................................................................
........
[1 mark]
(e) In the above diagram, sulphuric acid reacts with aqueous ammonia to form
compound X.
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...........................
.......
[1 mark]
............
................
[1 mark]
(iii) What is the use of compound X in daily lives?
.......................
[1 mark]
6.
Bronze and pewter are two example of an alloy.
Bronze is made up of copper as a major component and other
elements.
Bronze is harder than pure copper.
[1mark]
..
[1
mark]
[1 mark]
(ii) bronze
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[1 mark]
..............................................................................................................................................
................
..............................................................................................................................................
................
..............................................................................................................................................
................
[3 marks]
..............................................................................................................................................
..
[
1 mark]
........................................................................................................................................
.......
[
1
mar
k]
7 The table shows the examples and uses of four types of manufactured substances in
industry.
Type of manufactured
Example Component
substance
Cement, sand,
P Reinforced concrete
small pebbles and steel
.
Alloy Brass
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.......
[1 mark]
..
[
1
mar
k]
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[1 mark]
(b) The diagram below shows an industrial preparation of sulphuric acid by the Contact
Process.
Compound X :.........................................................................
Compound Y : .......................................................................
[2
marks]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between sulphur and oxygen to
produce
sulphur dioxide.
.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
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Detergent Soap
(a) Name part P and part Q of the detergent and soap molecules.
[
1 mark]
(b) Differentiate the detergent and soap molecule the aspect of:
Detergent Soap
Name of part Q
Sources
[3 marks]
(c) Some of detergent are not biodegradable .What is meant by not biodegradable?
..
[1 mark]
9 The following equation shows how soap can be prepared.
[1 mark]
[1
mark]
(c) Sodium chloride solid is added to the soap mixture to complete this
process.Explain why.
[1 mark]
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(d) Two cleaning agents, J and K, are used to wash clothes in sea water and tap
water.Table 9 shows the result obtained.
Table 9
J:
K:
[2 marks]
[1 mark]
(iii) State one advantage of cleaning agent J compared to K.
[1 mark]
10 Soap, detergent, food additive and modern medicine are important chemicals for consumer.
Hydrophobic Hydrophilic
........................................................................................................................................
................
..........
................
[2 mark]
ii) Detergent is more effective cleaning agent in hard water than soap. Explain why.
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..
..
..
[2 marks]
b) Preservative and antioxidant are two types of food additive.
[1
mar
k]
[
1
mar
k]
c) What is the type of medicine should be given to a patient who is stress and depressed .
i) Type of medicine:
[1
mar
k]
ii) Example of medicine:
[1
mar
k]
11. The Table 11 shows the examples of modern and traditional medicines.
Examples of Medicines
i) Aspirin
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ii) Garlic
iii) Aloe Vera
iv) Paracetamol
v) Penicilin
vi) Kuinin
vii) Pudina
Table 11
i) modern medicine: .
[2
marks]
..
[1
mark]
..
[1
mark]
..
[1
mark]
(c) Name one example of disease which can be cured using kuinin.
[1
mark]
[1
mark]
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Table 12
i. Amphetamine:
ii. Barbiturate: ..
iii. Cortisone:
[3
mar
ks]
[1
mar
k]
[1 mark]
d. Name two health problems that can be treated using cortisone?
[2
mar
ks]
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ESSAY
SECTION B
13 (a)
Soap and detergent are two cleansing agents that we used in our daily life.
(ii) Explain why detergent is more effective than soap as a cleansing agent in
hard water.
[5 marks]
(b)
Aspirin is an example of analgesic that should never be given
to children.
14 (a) Alcohol Q contains 52.2% carbon, 13.0% hydrogen and 34.8% oxygen by mass.
(b) Describe how you could produce alcohol Q from glucose, C 6H12O6.
[8 marks]
(c) Describe how you could produce an acid from alcohol Q in the laboratory. In your
answer, include the chemical equation for the reaction involved.
[5 marks]
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15 (a) Two compounds below are most used in daily life as preservative.
* Salt
* Sugar
(b) Two cleansing compounds which are commonly use are soap and detergent.
(i) Explain the cleansing action of soap on the oily stains in soft water.
[5 marks]
(ii)
Ministry of Science Technology and Environment always advice public
to keep our river clean including not to discard waste water from
washing that contain high quantity of detergent into the river.
Discuss how detergent can pollute the environment and suggest how to overcome it.
[6 marks]
(c)
Aspirin is an example of analgesic medicine which cannot be taken
by children below 12 years old.
SECTION C
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(b) .
Steel and stainless steel are examples of alloys and their
major metal is iron.
Describe how you could compare the rate of rusting between iron, steel and
stainless steel. Your answer should include tabulation of data and conclusion.
[10
marks]
Paper 3
17 The diagram below shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to compare the elasticity
properties of vulcanised rubber and unvulcanised rubber.
Clip
Rubber strip
Ruler
Weight
An experiment is carried out using weights of 10g, 20g and 30g to get the increase in length of
the vulcanised rubber and the unvulcanised rubber.
The table below shows the results obtained from the experiment.
Vulcanised Unvulcanised
Types of rubber
rubber rubber
Weights (g) 10 20 30 10 20 30
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....
[
3
marks]
.. ..
.. ...
..
..
[6 marks]
(d) Based on the experiment above, which rubber strip is more elastic?.
Explain your answer.
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..
..
..
[3 marks]
.
[3 marks]
18
Copper wire in an electric cable can be bent with our bare hands.
One cent shilling made from the alloy of copper with tin and zinc
cannot be bent easily.
Referring to the above situation, plan an experiment in the laboratory to investigate the effect
of alloying towards the hardness of pure metal.
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MARK SCHEME
CHEMISTRY
SCORE A
MODULE
Set 1
Set 2
Set 3
Set 4
SET 1 Section A
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1. (a)
Thermometer
water
Substance X
Heat
[Functional diagram ] 1
[ Labeled] 1
o
(b) (i) 80 C 1
(ii) PQ : solid 1
RS : liquid 1
(c )
Temperature / 0C
80
Time/s
0
[The shape of the graph is correct and 80 C on graph] 1
[ Both axis are labeled with unit ] 1
(d) naphthalene 1
------
11
====
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2 (a) 2.8.8
1
(b) (i) Z
1
(ii) Achieve octet electron arrangement // achieve 8
electron in the outermost shell // 8 valence electron
1
(c) (i) V
1
(d) (i) High melting / boiling point// dissolve in water// do not dissolve in
organic solvents // conduct electricity in aqueous solution or molten state
1
(ii) Iron
Y/Chlorine gas
Heat
1. Functional diagram and heating is shown
1
2. Y/Chlorine gas and iron labeled
1
-
-
-
-
-
10
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===
3 (a) Q
1
(b)(i) Ion
1
(b)(ii) 1. solid state : Ions are not freely moving// ions are in a fixed position.
1
2. molten state : Ion can move freely
1
(c )(i) R : Gas
1
T : Liquid
(c )(ii)
2
------
10
===
(c ) (i) X : 2.8.2 1
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Y : 2.8.7 1
(ii) Y
(iii) 1. Atom X and atom Y have the same number of shells
occupy with electrons 1
2. The number of proton in the nucleus of atom Y is
more than X 1
3. Nulcei attraction to the electrons in the shells of atom Y
is stronger than X 1
5 (a) Formula that shows the simplest ratio of the number of atoms
for each element in the compound. 1
Oxide of copper
(b)
Heat
(c) Cu O
CuO 1
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(ii)
Magnesium
Heat
Functional diagram and heating is shown 1
Magnesium is labeled 1
14
(c ) (i)
(ii) Elecrostatic
1
(d) S, R,T
1
7. (a)
Element C H O
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1. Number of mole 1
2. Ratio of mole 1
(b) n [ 12 + 2(1) + 16 ] = 90
90
n =
30
= 3 1
4 .5
(d) The number of mole of lactic acid =
90
= 0.05 mol 1
(f) n (30) = 60
n = 2
Molecular formula of ethanoic acid is C2H4O2 / CH3COOH 1
-------
11
====
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85
(c ) (i) Number of moles of AgNO3 =
170
= 0.5 mol 1
Volume of O2 = 0.25 24
3
= 6 dm 1
------
10
===
SECTION B
(b) (i) 35 37
Cl Cl
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17 17
1. Symbol of an element
1
2. Nucleon number
1
3. Proton number
1
Total:
20
SECTION C
2 .2
10 (a) Number of mole of carbon dioxide = = 0.05 mol
44
1
2 .2
Number of mole of hydrogen = = 1.1 mol
2
1
The number of mole of carbon dioxide is smaller; therefore, its volume is smaller than
the volume of hydrogen
1
(b) (i) formula that shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element
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Procedure:
[Precautions taken]
9. The magnesium ribbon is cleaned with sand paper.
[ Results ]
12. Crucible + lid = a g
Crucible + lid + magnesium = b g
Crucible + lid + magnesium oxide = c g
1
[ Calculation ]
Element Magnesium Oxygen
Mass(g) b-a c-b
Number of moles of atoms b-a/24 c-b/16
Simplest ratio of moles X y
1. Mass 1
2. Simplest ratio of moles 1
2
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-----
20
===
P P
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_ 2+ _
R Q R
(b)(i) 2Q + P2 2QP
1
20
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PAPER 3
Question Rubric
12 (a) Able to record all the readings correctly to 1 decimal place.
Time
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(minute)
Temperature
o 95.0 89.0 84.5 83.0 83.0 83.0 77.0 70.0
( C)
12 (b) Able to draw the graph with the following elements::
o
X-axis is labeled(minute) and y-axis temperature( C) with consistent
scales
Size of the graph is at least half the page of the graph paper.
All the points are plotted correctly
Curve of the graph is correct and smooth
Temperature/ 0 C
Melting point
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Time, minute
Question Rubric
12 (c) (i) Able to explain the change of temperature with time from the graph.
Suggested answer:
In the first 3 minutes, the temperature of substance X will decrease from
o o
95 C to 83 C.
o
Constant temperature at 83 C for 3 minutes.
The temperature decreases again after 83 C
o
12 (d) Able to state the freezing point accurately based on the graph with the
correct unit.
Dotted line is shown on the graph.
Labeling the freezing point at temperature axis.
12 (e) Able to give the meaning of freezing point accurrately.
Suggested answer:
o
Freezing point is the constant temperature at 83 C even though substance X is
let to cool to room remperature.
12 (f) Able to predict the melting point of substance X accurately with unit and with
correct reasons.
o
Suggested answer :83.0 C
Value of melting point substance X is the same as its freezing point.
13 (a) Able to predict the manipulated variable, the responding variable and the
constant variable completely.
Suggested answer:
Manipulated variable : metals of Group 1 elements // sodium, lithium,
potassium.
Responding variable: the reactivity of the reaction with water // the speed of
movement on the water surface
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Suggested answer:
Repeat the experiment by using the metals of sodium, lithium and potassium
Able to state correctly the way to control the manipulated variable
Suggested answer:
To observe how fast the metals move on the surface of water.
Question Rubric
13 (b) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the
responding variable correctly..
14(d) [Able to list the correct and complete substances and apparatus.]
Substances and Apparatus
Lithium, sodium and potassium metals with water, basin, knife, forceps, blue
litmus paper and white tile.
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14(f) [Able to show the accurate tabulation of data with correct title.]
Metals Observations
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
SET 2
2+ + - -
1 (a) Cu , H , Cl , OH
1
(b) (i) Brown solid deposited
1
2+
(ii) Cu + 2e Cu
1
(c ) (i) Chlorine
1
- -
(ii) Cl2 + 2I I2 + 2Cl
The formula of reactants and product correct
1
Balanced
1
(iii) Potassium iodide / iodide ion
1
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2 (a) An arrangement of metal ions based on the tendency of each metal atom to
donate electrons.
1
(b)
silver Copper P zinc
More electropositive
1
(c) Iron //Tin // Lead
1
(d) (i) Zinc is higher than silver in the Electrochemical series//
Zinc is more electropositive than silver
1
(ii) Zn + 2AgNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
1. Correct formula for reactants and products
1
2. Balanced
1
(iii) 0 to +2
1
(e) Blue to colourless / become fade / paler
1
2+
The number / the concentration of Cu becomes lower
1
(f) Determine the terminal of a voltaic cell
1
Compare the standard cell voltages of voltaic cells
1
(e)
Silver electrode and Zinc electrode and
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1+1+1+
1
2+
(f) If silver metal is used, the number of Cu ion increases but if Zn metal is used,
2+
the number of Cu ion decreases.
1
(b)
e e
G
e e
Electrode P electrode Q
Potassium iodide
Chlorine water
solution
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------
10
===
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2-
2Mg + O2 2Mg + 2O
1
(c ) (i) 1. At anode :
2+
Copper(II) ion / Cu gain two electrons to form copper atom
1
2+
2. Cu + 2e Cu
1
3. At cathode :
2+
Zinc atom gains two electrons to form zinc ion / Zn
1
2+
4. Zn Zn + 2e
1
5. Ionic equation :
2+ 2+
Zn + Cu Zn + Cu
1 10
(max:9)
(c )(ii)
Sulphuric acid
Funtional diagram 1
[Lables for :
bromine water 1
iron(II) sulphate solution 1
sulphuric acid 1
Positive and negative terminal 1 5
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----
20
===
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2+
3. Cu + 2e Cu
1
4. Zinc acts as a reducing agent
1
5. Copper (II)ions acts as an oxidizing agent
1
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(c)
Diagram
1. Functional
1
2. Labelled
1
Procedure :
1. Pour the copper(II) sulphate solution into the electrolytic cell
1
2. Fill the test tube with copper(II) sulphate solution and inverted the test
tube on the carbon electrodes .
1
3. Switch on the current.
1
4. Collect the gas produce at the anode. Test the gas.
1
Observation
5. Cathode : Brown solid deposited
1
6. Anode : Colourless gas released
1
7. Place a glowing wooden splinter near the mouth of the test tube
1
8. glowing wooden splinter is lighted up
1
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Equation :
2+
9. Cathode : Cu + 2e Cu
1
-
10. Anode : 4OH 2H2O + O2 + 4e 1
Max 10
(b) 1. [Material : Any suitable oxidizing agent , any suitable reducing agent
and any suitable electrolyte]
1
Observation
9. The colour of bromine water change from brown to colourless
1
10. The colour pf potassium iodide solution change from
colourless to yellow/brown
1
11. The needle of the galvanometer is deflected
1
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-
12. Oxidation reaction : Br2 + 2e 2Br
1
-
13. Reduction reaction: 2I I2 + 2e
1
Max :
12
13 (a) 1. Hydrogen
1
+
2. 2H + 2e H2
1
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Paper 3 :
Question
Rubric
Number
[Able to write potential difference with two decimal correctly]
Pair of metals Potential Positive terminal
difference(V)
14(a)
L and M 1.10 L
L and J 1.80 L
L and Q 0.40 Q
[Able to give the hypothesis accurately]
14(b) The further the distance between two metals in the electrochemical series, the
higher the potential difference / voltage
[Able to arrange the metals in the electrochemical series in descending order
14(c) correctly]
J, M, L, Q
[Able to classify the metals correctly]:
14(d) More electropositive : J, M
Less electropositive : L, Q
[Able to predict correctly]
14(e) Answer: 1.50V
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I 0.60
II 1.00
III 1.60
IV 0.40
(b) Manipulated : Pairs of metals//Different pairs of electrodes
Responding: Voltmeter reading
Fixed: Volume and concentration of the electrolyte.
(c) The further the distance between two metals in the electrochemical series,the
higher the value of the voltage/ voltmeter reading.
(d) S
(e) R, Q, S, P
(f) Mass of negative electrode decreases but the mass of positve electrode increases.
(g) Distance between S and R is further than S and Q in the Electrochemical Series.
(h)(i) Copper strip becomes thinner.
Intensity of blue colour remains the same.
2+
(h)(ii) Cu Cu + 2e
(i) Can displace:P,S
Cannot displace: R
Question
Rubric
Number
16 Problem Statement
How does the type of electrodes affects the products of electrolysis of copper(II)
sulphate solution?
Variables
a) manipulated: type of electrodes / carbon and copper electrodes
b) responding : product of electrolysis
c) fixed: volume and concentration of copper(II) sulphate solution
Substances
-3
Copper(II) sulphate solution 1.0 mol dm
Apparatus
Batteries, connecting wires with crocodile clips,ammeter, rheostat, carbon
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Tabulation of data
Type of Observations
electrodes Anode Cathode
Copper electrode.
Carbon electrode
SET 3
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1 (a) X water
1 Y [organic solvent], example : benzene/ toluene / tetrachloromethane
1
(d) 1. In solvent X / water, hydrogen chloride molecules ionize to produce free moving
ions /
+ -
H and Cl
1
2. In solvent Y / [organic solvent] hydrogen chloride remains in the form of
molecules
/ do not ionize
1
(iii)
1. Functional apparatus 1
2. Label 1
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2.5 5
(b) Graph:
X axis and Y axis are labelled with unit
1
Appropriate scale and consistence.
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29 0 3 -1
(c) (i) = 0.483 cm s
60 0
1
(ii) Tangent at the curve is shown.
1
3 -1
(accept 0.2 0.3) cm s
1
36
(d) Number of mole of O2 = = 0.0015 mol
24000
1
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1. The position and name/formulae for the reactants and products are
correct 1
2 Label for the energy axis and arrow for the two levels are shown.
1
(e) 1. Lower/smaller
1
2. The total surface area exposed to the air is larger
1
3. Heat is lost to the environment
1
7 (a) 1. The heat of neutralization is the energy change when one mole of water
is formed from the neutralization between one mole of hydrogen ions
from an acid and one mole of hydroxide ions from an alkali.
1
(c) stir the solution // carried out in minimum air movement//mix the acid
and alkali quickly
1
1000
1
- -
Heat of neutralization = - 5040 Jmol // -50.4kJmol
1
0.1
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(f) energy
NaOH + HCl
-
H = -50.4kJmol
NaCl + H2O
8 (a) The heat of precipitation is the energy change when one mole of precipitate
is formed from its ions. 1
(b) White precipitate is formed
1
(c) BaSO4
1
9 (a) Collisions which achieve activation energy and with correct orientation.
1
+ 2+
(b) (i) Mg + 2H Mg + H2
1. correct reactants and products 1
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2. balance 1
(ii) Meat in small pieces has larger total surface area, whereas
1
Meat in big chunks has smaller total surface area.
1
Heat can be absorbed faster.
1..3
(iii) In a pressure cooker, the high pressure raises the boiling point of
o
water//above 100 C
1
At high temperature, food can be cooked faster
1..2
20
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(b) Volume of
hydrogen gas
3
/ cm
480
III
II
240
Time / s
3
(c) Average rate of reaction:
240 3 -1
Experiment I =
= 4 cm s 1
60
480 3 -1
Experiment II = = 16 cm s 1
30
480 3 -1
Experiment III = = 48 cm s 1
10
(d) Comparing experiment I and experiment II:
1. The concentration of sulphuric acid in experiment II is higher
than that in experiment I . 1
+
//The number of reacting particles/ H ions per unit volume of
acid increases. 1
+
2. The frequency of collision between H ions and
magnesium atom increases. 1
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Max 8
10 Chemical equations:
(b) 1. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid whereas ethanoic acid is a weak acid
1
2. Ethanoic acid ionise partially in water to produce a low concentration
of hydrogen ions.
1
3. Hydrochloric acid ionise completely in water to produce a high concentration
of hydrogen ions.
1
4. The concentration of hydrogen ions in hydrochloric acid is higher than
that in ethanoic acid.
1
5. Thus, hydrochloric acid has lower value of pH compared to ethanoic acid
1
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1+1
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Max 5
Results:
0
Initial temperature of sodium hydroxide solution = T1 C.
0
Initial temperature of hydrochloric acid = T2 C
0
Highest temperature = T3 C
1
Calculation:
Average temperature of acid and alkali = T1 + T2
2
0
= Tx C
1
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0
Increase in temperature = (T3-Tx) = C
1
20
4. (a)(i)
1+1
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15. (a)(i) The heat given off when one mole of an alcohol is burnt
completely in an excess of oxygen.
1
(ii) 1. As the number of carbon atom increase, the value of heat combustion increase.
1
2. The greater the number of carbon atoms, the more products will be obtained.
1
3. More heat is released for the formation of bonds
1..3
(b) Procedure :
3
1. Measure [100 -250] cm of water and pour it into the
copper container /aluminium can
1
2. Measure and record the initial temperature of the water.
1
3. Fill the small lamp with alcohol* then weigh it and record the initial mass.
1
4. Light the wick of the lamp.
1
5. Place the lamp as near as possible to the copper container.//
[ Diagram : Using wooden block ]
1
6. [The apparatus is protected by a wind shield] // [Diagram]
1
7. Stir the water continuously.
8. Put out / blown out the flame when the temperature rises
o
[ 10 30 ] C and record the highest temperature of the water.
1
9. Weigh the lamp as quickly as possible and record the final mass.
1
Result :
o
Initial temperature of the water/ C = T1
o
Highest temperature of the water/ C = T2
o
Temperature rise of the water/ C = T2 T1
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Calculation :
m1 m2
Number of mole of alcohol =
Mr of alcohol* 1
Energy
Heat of combustion of alcohol*, H = change
Number of mole of
alcohol
200 4.2 (T2 T1)
=
m1 m2
Mr of alcohol* 1
50 x 2
(c ) Number of mole of lead(II) nitrate = 1000 = 0.1 mol
or
50 x 2
Number of mole of sodium sulphate = 1000 = 0.1 mol 1
Ratio of mole :
4200
Heat of precipitation of PbSO4 = 0.1
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---------
20
======
Paper 3
Questio
Rubric
n
16(a) Pink to colourless
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Titration Number 1 2 3
Final reading 24.90 49.50 25.70
(b)
Initial reading 0.10 24.90 1.00
Volume of hydrochloric acid used 24.80 24.60 24.70
17 (a) The higher the concentration of acid, the lower the pH value.
(ii)
+
17 (b) The concentration of the hydrogen ions, H in the acid decreases
17 (c) Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, that will ionise completely in water to give high
+
concentration of H ions.
+
Ethanoic acid is a weak acid, ionise partially in water to low concentration of H ions.
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Question Rubric
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(e) 0.736 g
Question Rubric
20 (i)Problem Statement
Is the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid is affected by the
size of the calcium carbonate chips?
[ accept any suitable reactants]
(ii) Variables
d) manipulated: size of calcium carbonate/marble chips.
e) responding : The rate of reaction
f) fixed: Mass of marble chips ;volume and concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid ;
temperature of reaction mixture.
(iii) Hypothesis
The rate of reaction increases when smaller calcium carbonate chips are used.
(iv)Materials
-3
0.2 moldm hydrochloric acid , small and large marble chips
Apparatus
3
100cm conical flask , basin,burette,delivery tube with rubber stopper , retort stand with clamp ,
stop-watch, measuring cylinder,weighing balance.
(v)Procedures
1. The basin and burette are filled with water. The burette is inverted in the basin and the
3
meniscus is marked at 50.00cm .
2. 6g of large marble chips is weighed and put into the conical flask.
3 -3
3. 50cm of 0.2moldm hydrochloric acid is measured with a measuring cylinder and then
poured into conical flask.
4. Immediately the conical flask is covered with a rubber stopper and shaken.The
stopwatch is started.
5. The volume of gas collected in the burette is recorded every 30 seconds until no more
gas is liberated.
6. The experiment is repeated with 6g of small marble chips.
7. For both experiment, graphs of volume of carbon dioxide gas released against time are
drawn on the same axis.
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(v)Tabulation of data
SET 4
1. (a)(i) J: alkene 1
K: alcohol 1
(a)(ii) Hydroxyl 1
CnH2n+1OH 1
(b)(i) Ethanol 1
(c )(ii) C3H7COOH 1
4 .6
(d)(ii) No of mole C2H5OH =
46
= 0.1 1
1 mole of C2H5OH 2 mole CO2
0.1 mole of C2H5OH 0.2 mole CO2 1
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(d) H H H H OH H
HC C C OH H C C C H
H H H H H H
Propan-1-ol Propan-2-ol
1. Structure formula 1
2. IUPAC name 1
(f)(iii)
H H O H H
HC C C O C CH 1
H H H H
------
12
===
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(e)
Porcelain
Glass wool
damped
with
ethanol gas
Heat
water
1. Functional diagram 1
2. Label 1
13
==
4. (a) Hydration
H H
(b)
n C C
H H n
1
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(c ) (i) Oxidation
1
(ii) Orange of to green
1
(d) Propane
1
(e) (i) Esterification
1
(ii)
H H O H H
H C C C O C C H
H H H H
1
(iii) Ethyl propanoate
1
(f) Polypropane
1
(g) 1. The size of propane molecule is larger than ethane molecule
1
2. The intermolecular forces between propane molecules stronger
than ethane
1
3. More energy is needed to overcome the forces between propane.
1
13
==
(e)(i) Neutralization 1
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6
(a) Tin
1
(b) Atom
1
(c) (i)
- 2
Copper atom
(ii)
Copper atom
Tin atom - 2
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(b) H H
C=C
H Cl 1
Y : Oleum 1
(ii) S + O2 SO2 1
-----
6
===
Soap Detergent
Name of part Q Carboxylate Sulphonate
1+1+1
(c) Cannot decomposed by microorganism 1
9. (a) Saponification 1
(b) Soap/ sodium palmitate 1
(c ) To reduce the solubilty of soap. 1
(d)(i) J : Soap 1
K : Detergent 1
2+ 2+
(d)(ii) Precipitate formed when soap anion react with Ca or Mg 1
(d)(ii) Cleaning agent J is biodegredable 1
----
7
===
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(b) (i) Prevent food from being oxidized by oxygen in the oxygen in the air.
1
(ii) sodium benzoate
1
(b) i) Penicilin
1
ii) To kill the bacteria
1
iii) To avoid bacteria from building resistance towards the antibiotic.
1
.
(c) Malaria
1
(d) Garlic
1
7
12 (a) i) Stimulant
1
ii) Antidepressant
1
iii) Steroid
1
(b) To stimulate positive emotion from the patience like self-confidence, more active
and energetic.
1
(c) Usage of psychotherapeutic drugs can cause many side effects like addiction,
fear, aggressiveness or death in a person.
1
(d) Arthritis
1
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Asthma
1
SECTION B
affecting consciousness
11
(ii) Paracetamol
1
Codeine
12
2. Reduces fever
3. Treat arthritis /reduce inflammation of the joints
4. Reduces blood clotting / prevents stroke / prevents heart attacks
5. Reduces inflammation caused by infection or injury
(any four) 1+1+1+1
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20
14
(a) Element C H O
1. Number of moles 52.2 13.0 34.8 1
of atoms 12 1 16
=4.35 =13.0 =2.175
2. Ratio 2 6 1 1
b. i. Soap molecule/ ions consist of head/ part which have ionic characteristic
and tail/ hydrocarbon part / covalent/ ion/ soap molecule consist of
hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts 1
The tail of the soap enter/ the soap break/ emulsified. Dissolve grease/oil 1
During swirling/ rinse/ scrub, soap ion/ molecule remove dirt/ grease/dirt 1
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Answer scheme:
Dispose water from the detergent encourage the development of algae
and causing the water drainage to be block.
[Prevent sunlight] 1
Answer scheme:
Lots of algae form will prevent the sunlight from reaching the aquatic organism.
[Unbiodegradable detergent] 1
Answer scheme:
Dispose water from the detergent is more stable/ slow
biodegradable
Ways to avoid
ii. Paracetamol 1
Codeine 1........
2
20
SECTION C
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6. Plastics,
7. Clean metals,
8. Pesticides
[any 3 above] 1+1+1....3
(ii) 1. Sulphur is burnt in the air // Zinc sulphide is burnt to produce sulphur dioxide
// Equation S + O2 SO2 //
2ZnS + 3O2 2ZnO + 2SO2 1
2. Sulphur dioxide react with oxygen to produce sulphur trioxide // Equation
2SO2 + O2 2SO3 1
3. Catalyst: vanadium(V) oxide 1
o
4. Temperature: (400 500 C) 1
5. Pressure: 1 atm 1
6. Sulphur trioxide reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid to produce oleum
// Equation: SO3 + H2SO4 H2S2O7 1
7. Oleum is diluted with water to produce sulphuric acid // Equation
H2S2O7 + H2O 2H2SO4 1..7
b) 1. Material: iron nail, steel nail, stainless steel nail, jelly solution,
potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution 1
5. Pour the jelly solution until the nails are fully immersed 1
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Paper 3
Question Rubric
17 (a) [Able to record all the six readings correctly.]
Vulcanised rubber: 2, 4, 6
Unvulcanised rubber: 4, 8, 12
17(b) [Able to relate between the manipulated variable and the responding variable.]
Vulcanised rubber is more elastic than the unvulcanised rubber// Unvulcanised rubber is less
elastic than the vulcanised rubber
17(c)
Variable Action to be taken
(i) Manupilated variable (i) The way to manupilate variable
Vulcanized and unvulcanized Repeat by replacing vulcanized rubber with
rubber// Mass of weight unvulcanized rubber//Use weights with different
masses
(ii) Responding variable (ii) What to observe in the responding variable
Increase in length of rubber To measure length of rubber strip
strip//elasticity
(iii) Fixed variable (iii) The way to maintain the controlled variable
Initial length of rubber strip Use the same length of vulcanized and unvulcanized
rubber strips
17(d) [Able to make the correct inference]
(i) Vulcanized rubber
(ii) Presence of the sulphur cross links between the chain of rubber polymers in vulcanized
rubber makes the small increase in length and can return to its original length after
stretching.
17(e) [Able to make an operational definition correctly:]
Rubber that can stretch a bit and returns to its original length when not stretched.
18 (i) [Able to give the correct problem statement.]
How does alloying affects the hardness of metal?//What is the effect of alloying towards the
hardness of metal?
18 (ii) [Able to state the hypothesis correctly]
The harder the material the smaller the diameter of dent
18 (iii) [Able to state all the variables correctly]
Manipulated variable: metal and its alloy//copper and brass/bronze// iron and steel
Responding variable: size/diameter of dent
Fixed variable : Mass of weight//height of weight//type of metal of ball bearing//
size of ball bearing
18 (iv) [Able to list completely the substances and apparatus]
Metal (named), its alloy(named),Steel ball bearing, weight, ruler, rope/thread, retort stand
18 (v) [Able to state the procedures correctly]
1. Put a ball bearing on a metal block/its alloy.
2. Hang a weight until (50-100 cm) above the metal block/its alloy
3. Let the weight fall.
4. Measure and record the diameter of the dent formed.
5. Repeat the activity a few more times
6. Repeat steps 1 5 by replacing the metal with its alloy// alloy wits metal
18 (vi) [Able to show the correct tabulation of data]
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Example
Diameter Average
(cm) (cm)
1 2
Metal (named)
Alloy(named)
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By
ZULKIFLI MAHMOOD
Guru Cemerlang Kimia
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Example :
One mole
Each 7g lithium, 12g carbon, 56g iron, 64g copper, 197g gold contains
atom
6.02 x 1023 atoms (1 mole atom)
ACTIVITY 1
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Mass of
Symbol Mass of 6.02 x1023 Molar
Substance Ar or Mr
or 1 mole Particles mass
[Bahan]
[Formula] [Jisim 1 [Jisim 6.02 x1023 [Jisim
mol] Zarah] molar]
Carbon
C 12 12g 12g 12gmol-1
[1C]
Aluminium 27g
Helium
He 4g
H2 2x1 2 gmol-1
Hydrogen
[2H]
Carbon 44
Dioxide
17g
Ammonia
Hydrogen
chloride
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x Molar mass
Mass (g)
Number of moles
Molar mass
Or write in formula,
Example 1:
Solution :
mass
Step1 Number of moles =
relative atomic mass
Step 2 28
=
56
= 0.5 mol
Example 2 :
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Solution :
mass
Step 1 Number of moles =
Relative molecular mass
12 + ( 2 x 16 )
0.5 = mass
44
= 22g
Number of particles
[Bilangan zarah] Mass
Number of moles = Number of moles =
[Bilangan mol] NA Ar or Mr
Step 1
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Langkah 1
Step 2
Langkah 2
Example 3 :
Solution :
Number of atoms 28
=
6.02 x 1023 56
28
Thus, the number of atoms = x 6.02 x 1023 atoms
56
Example 4 :
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Solution :
6.02 x 1023
= 177.5 g
ACTIVITY 2:
[ Relatif atomic mass : Ne,20 ; Zn,65 ; H,1 ; Cl,35.5 ; Na,23 ; O,16 ; Al,27 ; S,32 ; C,12 ;
Ba,137 ;
Avagdro Number, NA = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 ]
Number of
Mass Number of
No Element moles
(g) particles
( mol )
Neon,Ne
1 4
25 x 1024atoms
2 Zinc, Zn
Aluminium
5 8.5 x 1022 ions
chloride,AlCl3
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7 Iron(II) oxide 72
14 Sodium nitrate 85
18 Sodium oxide 62
20 Lithium oxide 30
24 Magnesium oxide 40
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26 Carbon dioxide 44
29 Ammonium nitrate 80
30 Copper(II) hydroxide 98
40 Acetic acid 60
41 Sulfuric acid 98
43 Nitric acid 63
44 Magnesium hydroxide 58
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ACTIVITY 4:
1. Calculate the number of moles in each question :
Hitung bilangan mol bagi setiap soalan:
(a) 10 g Sodium hydroxide
Answer:
i. Formula for sodium hydroxide = NaOH
ii. Relative molecular mass for sodium hydroxide = 1(23)+1(16)+1(1)
= 40
iii. Molar mass for sodium hydroxide = 40g
10 g
iv. Number of mole = 40 g = 0.25 mol
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Answer:
1. (a) 0.25 mol (b) 0.0125 mol (c) 0.06 mol (d) 0.05 mol (e) 0.03 mol (f) 0.014 mol (g) 0.013 mol (h) 0.08 mol (i)
0.09 mol
(j)0.005 mol
2. (a) 31.0g (b) 228.0g (c) 31.0 g (d) 33.30 g (e) 19.0 g (f) 59.16 g (g) 46.60 g (h) 51.0g (i) 17.76 g (j)6.80 g
ACTICITY 5 :
Answer:
(c) 3 g magnesium 22
[answer:7.5 x 10 ]
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Answer:
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Answer:
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23
(e) 17 g aqueous silver nitrate [answer:1.2 x 10 ]
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Answer:
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1. 3.1 g of copper(II) carbonate is heated to produced copper(II) oxide and carbon dioxide
gas.
3.1g kuprum(II) karbonat dipanaskan untuk menghasilkan kuprum(II) oksida dan gas
karbon dioksida.
[ relative atomic mass for Cu,64;C,12;O,16; Molar Volume is 22.4 dm3 at STP]
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In this reaction, 300 cm3 carbon dioxide gas are produced when calcium carbonate is
heated.
Dalam tindakbalas ini, 300 cm3 gas karbon dioksida dihasilkan apabila kalsium karbonat
dipanaskan.
[ relative atomic mass for Cu,64;C,12;O,16; Molar Volume is 22.4 dm3 at STP]
Calculate:
Hitung:
When 0.23 g of sodium is added to water, the metal will react vigorously at the surface of the
water.
Apabila 0.23g natrium dimasukkan kedalam air, logam tersebut bertindakbalas dengan cergas
dipermukaan air.
[Relative atomic mass for Na,23;H,1;O,16;Molar volume is 24 dm3 at room temperature]
Calculate:
Hitung:
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4. 2Mg + O2 2MgO
A strip of magnesium has a weight of 1.2 g are being burn with surplus oxygen to produced
magnesium oxide.
Kepingan magnesium seberat 1.2g dibakar dengan campuran oksigen untuk menghasilkan
magnesium oksida.
[Relative atomic mass Mg,24;O,16]
Calculate:
Hitung:
Chemical equation above shows when propane gas was burned in oxygen. If 3.36 dm3 of
carbon dioxide gas are produced in this reaction at STP,
Persamaan diatas menunjukkan apabila gas propane dibakar didalam oksigen. Sekiranya
3.36 dm 3 gas karbon dioksida dihasilkan dalam tindakbalas ini pada STP,
[ relative atomic mass for C,12;O,16;H,1; Molar Volume is 22.4 dm3 at STP]
Calculate:
Hitung:
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1.35g of aluminium powder and copper (II) oxide was heated strongly in laboratory to
produced aluminium oxide and copper.
1.35g serbuk aluminium dan kuprum(II) oksida dipanaskan dengan kuat didalam makmal
untuk menghasilkan aluminium oksida dan kuprum.
[ relative atomic mass for Al,27;O,16;Cu,64]
Calculate:
Hitung:
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Answer
3 3
1. (a) 2 g (b) 0.56 dm 2.(a) 1.25 g (b) 0.7 g 3. (a) 0.4g (b) 0.12 dm
3
4. (a) 2 g (b) 0.8 g 5.(a) 2.2 g (b) 5.6 dm 6.(a) 6 g (b) 2.55 g (c) 4.8 g
1. 4K + O2 2K2O
Calculate:
Hitung:
Calculate:
Hitung:
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3. 2Mg + O2 2MgO
3.84 g of magnesium was burnt in oxygen gas to produced magnesium oxide in a laboratory.
3.84g magnesium dibakar didalam oksigen untuk menghasilkan magnesium oksida didalam
makmal.
[Relative atomic mass: Mg, 24; O, 16; Molar Volume is 24 dm3 at room temperature]
Calculate:
Hitung:
4. 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2
5.05 g of potassium nitrate was heated strongly to produce potassium nitrite and oxygen gas at
standard temperature.
5.05g kalium nitrat dipanaskan dengan kuat menghasilkan kalium nitrat dan gas oksigen pada
suhu piawai.
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[Relative atomic mass: K, 39; N, 14; O, 16; Molar Volume is 22.4 dm 3 at standard
temperature]
Calculate:
Hitung:
Calculate:
Hitung:
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Calculate:
Hitung:
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Calculate:
Hitung:
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Answer
3 3 3
1. (a) 14.1 g (b) 1.8 dm 2.(a) 97.5 g (b) 21.6 dm 3.(a) 6.4 g (b) 1.92 dm
3 3 3
4. (a) 4.25 g (b) 0.56 dm 5. (a) 4.906 g (b) 0.9856 dm (c) 0.2464 dm
3 3
6. (a) 13.14 g (b) 16.02 g (c) 4.32 dm 7.(a) 6.67 g (b) 5 g (c) 4.67 dm
1 The equation below represents the reaction to extract aluminium from aluminium oxide.
Persamaan dibawah mewakili tindakbalas pengekstakan aluminium daripada aluminium
oksida.
2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2
What is the mass of aluminium that can be extracted from 102 g of aluminium oxide?
Apakah jisim bagi aluminium yang boleh di ekstrak daripada 102g aluminium oksida?
[Relative atomic mass: O, 16; Al,27]
A 13.5 g
B 27.0 g
C 54.0 g
D 108.0 g
2 XCO3 XO + CO2
The equation above shows the action of heat on the carbonate salt of metal X.
How many moles of XCO3 are needed to produced 4.0 g of oxide X?
Persamaan diatas menunjukkan tindak balas pemanasan garam karbonat bagi logam X.
Berapa mol XCO3 yang diperlukan bagi menghasilkan 4.0g oksida X ?
[Relative atomic mass: C, 12; O, 16; X, 64]
A 0.03
B 0.05
C 0.08
D 0.09
3 Sulphuric acid used as an electrolyte in a car battery has a concentration of 0.5 mol dm-3.
How many moles of sulphuric acid is there in 100 cm3?
Asid sulfuric digunakan sebagai elektrolit bateri kereta yang berkepekatan 0.5 mol dm-3 .
Berapakah mol asid sulfuric didalam 100 cm 3 asid itu?
A 0.025
B 0.05
C 0.1
D 0.5
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4 Diagram 1 shows the set-up of apparatus for the titration of potassium hydroxide solution with
sulphuric acid.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi pentitratan larutan kalium hidroksida dengan asid
sulfuric.
Sulphuric acid
0.1 mol dm-3
Diagram 1
What is the total volume of the mixture in the conical flask at the end point of the titration in
Diagram 1 ?
Apakah jumlah isipadu campuran didalam kelalang kon pada titik akhir pentitratan pada Rajah
1
A 10 cm3
B 20 cm3
C 30 cm3
D 40 cm3
Energy
-1
H=-220kJmol
J 2+ (aq)+ T (s)
Diagram 2
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Based on Diagram 2, what is the increase in temperature of the solution if excess J powder is
added to 50 cm3 of T salt solution 0.2 mol dm -3?
Berdasarkan Rajah 2, apakah pertambahan suhu terhadap larutan sekiranya serbuk J secara
berlebihan ditambah kepada 50 cm 3 larutan garam T 0.2 mol dm -3 ?
[Specific heat capacity of solution: 4.0 J g-1 0C-1]
A 4.4 0C
B 5.5 0C
C 8.8 0C
D 11.0 0C
I 1.8 g water
II 1.0 g hydrogen gas
III 3.2 g oxygen gas
IV 4.4 g carbon dioxide
A I and II only
B III and IV only
C I, III, and IV only
D I, II, III, and IV
Which of the following are produced when 1 mole of hydrogen peroxide is decomposed
completely?
Manakah antara berikut menghasilkan 1 mol hydrogen peroksida apabila penguraian lengkap
berlaku?
I 2 moles of water
II 12x dm3 of oxygen gas
III 3 x 1023 of oxygen molecules
IV 1.2 x 1024 of water molecules
10. A compound with formula X2CO3 has a relative formula mass of 138.
What is the relative atomic mass of X?
Use the information that the relative atomic mass of C = 12 and O = 16.
Sebatian yang berformula X2CO3 mempunyai jisim formula relative 138.
Apakah jisim atom relative bagi X ?
Gunakan maklumat dimana jisim atom raltif bagi C = 12 dan O = 16
A 39
B 69
C 78
D 110
11. The equation shows the reaction between sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide.
Persamaan menunjukkan tindakbalas antara asid sulfuric dan natrium hidroksida.
What is the volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution which can neutralize 25.0 cm3
of 1.0 mol -3 sulphuric acid?
Apakah isipadu bagi 1.0 mol dm -3 natrium hidroksida yang boleh meneutralkan 25.0 cm 3
asid sulfuric 1.0 mol dm -3 .
A. 12.5 cm3
B. 25.0 cm3
C. 50.0 cm3
D. 75.0 cm3
12. 3.2 g of cooper(II) oxide powder is reacted with excess dilute nitric acid.
What is the mass of cooper(II) nitrate formed in the reaction?
3.2 g serbuk kuprum(II) oksida berttindakbalas dengan asid nitric cair secara berlebihan.
Apakah jisim kuprum(II) nitrat yang terbentuk dalam tindakbalas tersebut?
Use the information that the relative atomic mass of N = 14, O = 16 and Cu = 64.
Gunakan maklumat dimana jisim atom relative bagi N=14, O=16 dan Cu=64.
A. 3.76 g
B. 4.96 g
C. 5.04 g
D. 7.52 g
13. The following equation shows the combustion of heptane, C7H16, in excess oxygen.
Tindakbalas berikut menunjukkan pembakaran bagi heptana, C7H16, didalam oksigen
berlebihan.
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C7H16 (l) + 1102 (g) 7CO2 (g) + 8H2O (l), H = -5 512 kJ mol-1
Use the information that the relative atomic mass of H = 1 and C = 12.
Gunakan maklumat dimana jisim atom relative bagi H=1 dan C=12.
A. 25.0g
B. 36.0g
C. 77.0g
D. 88.0g
14. The diagram shows two balloons filled with oxygen gas and hydrogen gas.
Rajah menunjukkan dua belon yang disikan penuh dengan gas oksigen dan gas hirogen.
C. The number of oxygen gas molecules is greater than hydrogen gas molecules
Bilangan molekul gas oksigen adalah lebih besar berbanding molekul gas hydrogen
D. The number of oxygen gas molecules is fewer than hydrogen gas molecules
Bilangan molekul gas oksigen adalah kurang berbanding molekul gas hidrogen
15. A hydrocarbon compound is burnt completely in air to form 17.6 g of carbon dioxide gas and
7.2 g of water.
What is the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon compound?
Sebatian hidrokarbon terbakar lengkap diudara membentuk 17.6g gas karbon dioksida dan 7.2
g air.
Apakah formula molekul bagi sebatian hidrokarbon tersebut?
A. C2H6
B. C3H8
C. C4H8
D. C4H10
16. The picture shows a waste disposal site. The activity of microorganisms in the waste produces
methane gas.
Gambar menunjukkan kawasan pembuangan bahan buangan. Aktiviti mikroorganisma
terhadap bahan buangan menghasilkan gas methana.
Given that the relative atomic mass of H=1, C=12, and 1 mol of gas occupies 24dm3 at room
temperature and pressure.
Diberikan jsim atom relatif bagi H=1, C=12 dan 1 mol sebarang gas memenuhi 24 dm 3 pada
suhu bilik dan tekanan piawai.
A.12g
B.16g
C.21g
D.27g
17. 5 g of element X reacted with 8 g of elements Y to form a compound with the formula XY2.
What is the relative atomic mass of element X?
5g unsur X bertindakbalas dengan 8g unsur Y untuk membentuk sebatian berformula XY2.
Apakah jisim atom relatif bagi unsur X?
A. 25
B. 40
C. 50
D.100
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18. 0.12 g of magnesium reacts with excess hydrochloric acid to produced hydrogen gas. Given
that the relative molecular mass of H=1, Mg=24, Cl=35.5 and 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3at
room temperature pressure.
Which of the following is true about the reaction?
0.12g magnesium bertindakbalas dengan asid hidroklorik berlebihan untuk menghasilkan gas
hidrogen.
Diberikan jisim atom relatif bagi H=1, Mg=24, Cl=35.5 dan 1 mol sebarang gas memenuhi 24
dm 3 pada suhu bilik dan tekanan piawai.
Manakah antara berikut adalah benar bagi tindakbalas tersebut?
I. Mg + 2H+Mg2+ +H2
II. Volume of gas released is 120 cm3
Isipadu gas yang dibebaskan ialah 120 cm 3
III. Mass of the salt formed is 0.30g
Jisim garam yang terbentuk ialah 0.30g.
IV. This is a redox reaction
Ini merupakan tindakbalas redox
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. I, II and IV only
D. II, III and IV only
19. In an experiment, the decomposition of 25cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide solution
produces oxygen gas.
Didalam eksperimen penguraian 25 cm 3 larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.1 mol dm -3 meghasilkan
gas oksigen.
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A 121
B 199
C 251
D 329
21. If the Avogadro number is represented by the letter x, what is the number of hydrogen gas
particles, H2, with the molar volume of 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature and pressure?
Sekiranya nombor avogadro diwakili oleh huruf x, apakah bilangan zarah gas hidrogen, H2
dengan isipadu molarnya ialah 24 dm 3 mol -1 pada suhu dan tekanan piawai ?
A x
B 2x
C x2
D 1x
2
22. A dibase acid, H2J has the concentration of 0.5 mol dm-3
Letter J is not the actual symbol of the element. What is the volume of potassium hydroxide,
KOH, 1.0 mol dm-3 that can neutralize 25.0cm3 of the H2J acid solution?
Asid dwibes, H2J mempunyai kepekatan 0.5 mol dm -3.
Huruf J bukan merupakan symbol sebenar bagi unsur. Apakah isipadu bagi kalium hidroksida,
KOH, 1.0 mol dm -3 yang boleh meneutralkan 25.0 cm 3 larutan asid H2J ?
A 6.25 cm3
B 12.50 cm3
C 25.00 cm3
D 50.00 cm3
23. Which of the following reactants produces the highest rate of reaction with zinc powder?
Manakah antara berikut bahan tindakbalas yang menghasilkan kadar tindakbalas yang tinggi
bagi serbuk zink ?
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Diagram 2
A I and II only
B III and IV only
C I, II and IV only
D I, III and IV only.
25. Which of the following gases contains 04 mol of atoms at room temperature and
pressure?
Manakah antara gas-gas berikut mengandungi 0.4 mol atom pada suhu bilik dan tekanan
piawai ?
[1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure]
[1 mol gas memenuhi isipadu sebanyak 24 dm 3 pada suhu bilik dan tekanan piawai]
A 4 8 dm3 He
B 4 8 dm3 H2
C 4 8 dm3 SO3
D 4 8 dm3 CO2
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26. The following equation shows the decomposition reaction of copper(II) carbonate when
heated at room temperature and pressure.
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan penguraian bagi tindakbalas kuprum(II) karbonat apabila
dipanaskan pada suhu bilik dan tekanan piawai.
Which of the following is not true when 1 mol of copper (II) carbonate is decomposed?
Yang manakah antara berikut tidak benar apabila 1 mol kuprum(II) karbonat diuraikan ?
[Relative atomic mass: C=12, O=16, Cu=64 and 1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24
dm3 at room temperature and pressure.]
[Jisim atom relative: C=12; O=16 dan 1 mol gas memenuhi isipadu 24 dm 3 pada suhu dan
tekanan piawai]
27. Diagram 13 shows the neutralization reaction between a strong acid and a strong alkali.
Rajah 13 menunjukkan tindakbalas penenutralan diantara asid kuat dan alkali kuat.
Diagram 13
A 0005 cm3
B 0025 cm3
C 5000 cm3
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D 25000 cm3
A -042 kJ mol-1
B -048 kJ mol-1
C -420 kJ mol-1
D -480 kJ mol-1
29. Propane burns completely in oxygen according to the equation shown below.
Propana terbakar dengan lengkap dalam oksigen mengikut persamaan dibawah.
If 1.0 mole of propane gas is burnt completely, which volume of gaseous product is
obtained, measured at room temperature and pressure ?
Sekiranya 1.0 mol gas propana terbakar dengan dengkap, manakah isipadu gas yang
dihasilkan, diukur pada suhu bilik dan tekanan ?
30. A mixture containing 1 mole of ethane and 4 mole of oxygen is ignited, in a sealed
container at 100 0 C. The reaction occurring is shown by the equation below.
Campuran yang mengandungi 1 mol ethane dan 4 mol oxygen dinyalakan didalam bekas
yang tertutup pada suhu 100 0 C . Tindakbalas terbentuk ditunjukkan pada persamaan
dibawah.
What was the total number of moles of gas at the end of the reaction?
Apakah jumlah bilangan mol bagi gas pada akhir tindakbalas ?
A 2 C 4
B 3 D 5
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What is the number of moles of Ag+ ions that reacted with Cl- ions?
Apakah bilangan mol bagi ion Ag + yang bertindakbalas dengan ion Cl - ?
3. When 10cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution is added to excess lead(II) nitrate
solution, a white precipitate lead(II) sulphate is formed.
Apabila 10 cm3 larutan natrium sulfat 0.5 mol dm -3 ditambah kepada larutan plumbum(II)
nitrat berlebihan, mendakan putih terbentuk.
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(ii) 1 mole lead(II) nitrate reacts with 1 mole of sodium sulphate to produce
1 mole of lead(II) sulphate and 2 moles of sodium nitrate
(iii) 0.005 mol
(iv) 1.515g ]
4. Chemical equation below shows how a nitrogen dioxide is converted into nitric acid.
Persamaan kimia dibawah menunjukkan bagaimana nitrogen dioksida ditukarkan kepada
asid nitrik
Calculate :
Hitung:
(b) The maximum mass of nitric acid which can be produce from 720 dm 3 of
nitrogen(II) oxide, NO at room temperature and pressure.
Jisim maksima asid nitric yang dihasilkan daripada 720 dm3 nitrogen(II) okside,NO
pada suhu bilik dan tekanan.
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