CBSE Class 8 Hindi Collection of Assignments For 2014 PDF

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DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL Assignment Booklet

Indirapuram, Ghaziabad (Class - VIII : HINDI)
vad foHkktu F.A.1 & F.A.4

F.A.&1
cgqoSdfYid ijh{kk & 30
Jqrys[k & 05
xzh"ekodkk x`gdk;Z & 15
50
F.A.&2
fyf[kr ijh{kk & 30
f;kdyki & 10
50
F.A.&3
fyf[kr ijh{kk & 30
f;kdyki & 10
50
F.A.&4
Jqrys[k & 05
ukV~; eapu & 10
mRrj iqfLrdk, & 05
dfork opu & 05
50
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orZuh ds vuqlkj kCn ys[k
iqjkuh fof/k ubZ fof/k iqjkuh fof/k ubZ fof/k

1- fo|ky; fon~;ky; 11- fooy fog~oy
2- fo|kFkhZ fon~;kFkhZ 12- fp fpg~u
3- }kj n~okj 13- ck ckg~;
4- cqf) cqn~f/k 14- x~xk xaxk
5- o`f) o`n~f/k 15- ppy papy
6- fo}ku fon~oku 16- M.Mk MaMk
7- yEck yack 17- lEcU/k laca/k
8- czk.k czkg~e.k 18- izl izlUu
9- fpUrk fpark 19- ikk iRrk
10- xh @ xf;k xn~nh @ xn~fn;k 20- Nqf;k NqV~fV;k
orZuh ds vuqlkj kCn ys[k
iqjkuh fof/k ubZ fof/k

1- blfy;s blfy,
2- x;s x,
3- vk;s vk,
4- u;h ubZ
5- x;h xbZ


i= ys[ku ds izk:i
d + fk{k.k kqYd ekQ djus ds fy, [k + LokLF; vf/kdkjh dks xyh eksgYys dh
iz/kkukpk;kZ dks izkFkZuk i= fyf[k,A xanxh ds ckjs esa i= fyf[k,A
ijh{kk Hkou ijh{kk Hkou
ubZ fnYyh ubZ fnYyh
fnukad% 27 tqykbZ 2007 fnukad% 27 tqykbZ 2007
lsok esa lsok esa
iz/kkukpk;kZ th LokLF; vf/kdkjh
v c l fon~;ky; uxj fuxe fnYyh
d [k x uxj fnYyh
fok;&fk{k.k&kqYd ekQ djus ds fy, i= fok;& vius eksgYys dh lQkbZ gsrq i=
egksn;k] egksn;]
lfou; fuosnu gS fd eSa ------------------------------------------------ lfou; fuosnu gS fd eSa -----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------A --------------------------------------------------A
l/kU;oknA l/kU;oknA
vkidk vkKkdkjh fk;
d +[k +x + Hkonh;
d{kk & uoh ^v* d +[k +x
x + viuh Hkwy ds fy, {kek ekxrs gq, ?k + vius fe= dks vius HkkbZ ds fookg esa
vius firkth dks i= fyf[k,A lfEefyr gksus ds fy, fuea=.k i=A
ijh{kk Hkou ijh{kk Hkou
ubZ fnYyh ubZ fnYyh
fnukad% 27 tqykbZ 2007 fnukad% 27 tqykbZ 2007
vknj.kh; firkth] fiz; l[kh
lknj pj.k LikZ lLusg ueLdkjA
vkidk i= feyk ------------------------------------------------------------ rqEgkjk i= feyk -----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------A --------------------------------------A
vkidk vkKkdkjh iq= rqEgkjh l[kh
d +[k +x + d +[k +x


vn~/kZ okfkZd ijh{kk okfkZd ijh{kk

l= % & 2012&2013 l= % & 2012&2013
ôlar* ôlar*
1- ckt vkSj lki 1- ikuh dh dgkuh
2- dchj dh lkf[k;k 2- Hkxoku ds Mkfd;s dfork
3- D;k fujkk gqvk tk, 3- vdcjh yksVk
4- lqnkek pfjr nksgs 4- lwjnkl ds in
5- dkepksj dgkuh 5- cl dh ;k=k
^cqn~/k pfjr* ^cqn~/k pfjr*

1- vkjafHkd thou 1- /keZ p izorZu
2- vfHkfue.k 2- egkifjfuokZ.k
3- Kku izkfIr
^lfp= fgUnh O;kdj.k* ^lfp= fgUnh O;kdj.k*

1- Hkkkk vkSj o.kZ fopkj 1- f;k deZ vkSj lajpuk ds vk/kkj ij
2- kCn fopkj] vkqn~f/k kks/ku kCn] okD; 2- vO;;
3- foykse kCn 1-65 3- eqgkojs 46-90] yksdksfDr 26-49
4- milxZ rFkk izR;;
4- OkkD; fopkj okD; ds vax] vFkZ ds vk/kkj ij
5- fojke fpg~u
5- vusd kCnksa ds fy, ,d kCn lHkh
6- i;kZ;okph kCn 1-30
6- foykse 65-135
7- vusdkFkhZ kCn lHkh
7- i;kZ;okph 31-58
8- foksk.k Hksn lfgr
8- laf/k o`f)] ;.k] lekl Hksn lfgr
9- Loj laf/k nh?kZ] xq.k
9- i= vkSipkfjd rFkk vukSipkfjd
10- eqgkojs 1-45] yksdksfDr 1-25
11- vifBr xn~;kak] in~;kak 10- vuqPNsn ys[ku] jpukRed ys[ku
12- laokn ys[ku] vuqPNsn ys[ku 11- vifBr xn~;kak] in~;kak
13- i= vkSipkfjd rFkk vukSipkfjd 12- laokn ys[ku


MODULES
Module 01
olar% 1 ckt vkSj lki
O;kdj.k% 1 Hkkkk rFkk o.kZ fopkj 2 vifBr xn~;kak
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- ftanxh ds gj [krjs dk cgknqjh ls lkeuk dj fuMj o lkglh cuukA
2- dgkuh ds ek/;e ls Nk=ksa esa lqudj le>us dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
3- Hkkkk dh vko;drk vkSj mlds ego ij izdkk MkyukA
4- kqn~/k mPpkj.k rFkk kqn~/k ys[ku {kerk dk fodkl djukA
5- vifBr xn~;kak i<+dj izuksa ds mkj nsus dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
jpukRed dk;Z%
1- vkt euq; mM+us dh bPNk fdu lk/kuksa ls iwjh dj ldrk gS fok; ij d{kk esa ifjppkZ djkbZ tk,xhA
2- kCn dksk dk mi;ksx djus dh vknr MkyukA
Module 02
olar% dchj dh lkf[k;k
O;kdj.k% 1 kCn fopkj 2 i= vukSipkfjd 3 vuqPNsn ys[ku
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- nksgks dk jlkLoknu djus dh rFkk blds lLoj okpu dh {kerk dk fodklA
2- Hkkkk dh lcls egoiw.kZ bdkbZ & o.kksZa ds fok; esa tkuuk rFkk buds mPpkj.k dks kqn~/k djukA
3- vuqPNsn ys[ku n~okjk vius fopkjksa dks lqO;ofLFkr :i esa fy[kus dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
4- kCn&HkaMkj esa o`nf~/k dj dYiuk&kfDr dk fodklA
jpukRed dk;Z%
1- o.kksZa dk lqanj pkVZ cukukA
2- dqN izsjd nksgks dk ladyu djukA
Module 03
cqn~/pfjr% vkjafHkd thou
O;kdj.k% 1 foykse 2 i;kZ;okph 3 laokn ys[ku
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- egkRek cqn~/k ds izkjafHkd thou ls ifjfpr djkukA
2- ikB ds Jo.k & okpu ds le; chp&chp esa iwNs tkus okys izuksa ds mkj nsus dh {kerk dk fodklA
3- fofHkUu dkYifud ?kVukvksa dks vk/kkj eku dj laokn fy[kus dh {kerk dk fodklA
4- kCn HkaMkj esa o`n~f/kA


jpukRed dk;Z%
1- egkRek cqn~/k dk laiw.kZ thou ifjp; izkIr djukA
2- kCndksk dk iz;ksx djus dk vH;kl djukA
Module 04
olar% D;k fujkk gqvk tk,
O;kdj.k% 1 milxZ] izR;; 2 vifBr in~;ka'k 3 vuqPNsn&ys[ku
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- thou esa vkkkoknh n`fVdks.k viukus ds fy, izsfjr djukA
2- thou esa lPpkbZ] bZekunkjh tSls ln~xq.kksa dk fodkl djukA
3- vfHkO;fDr {kerk dk fodkl djukA
4- kqn~/k ys[ku {kerk dk fodkl djukA
jpukRed dk;Z%
1- ^Hkkjr dk Hkfo; mTToy fdl izdkj cuk ldrs gSA* fok; ij d{kk esa okn&fookn djukA
2- kCn HkaMkj esa o`nf~/k djukA
Module 05
olar% lqnkek pfjr nksgs
O;kdj.k% 1 vkqnf~/k kks/ku kCn rFkk okD; 2 vifBr xn~;kak
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- ekuo thou esa lnSo fe=rk dk fuokZg djus dh izsj.kk nsukA
2- lPph fe=rk ds y{k.kks ls ifjfpr djkukA
3- vius fopkjksa dks ecn~/k rFkk lqO;ofLFkr :i o kq) ys[ku fy[k ldus dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
4- vifBr xn~;kak i<+dj izuksa ds mkj Lo;a fy[kus ds fy, izsfjr djukA
jpukRed dk;Z%
1- dqN izsjd nksgksa dk ladyu dhft,A
2- lPph fe=rk ds fok; ls lacaf/kr dgkfu;ksa dk ladyu djukA
Module 06
cqn~/pfjr% vfHkfue.k
O;kdj.k% 1 fojke fpg~u 2 vusdkFkhZ kCn 3 i= vkSipkfjd
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- jktdqekj fln~/kkFkZ ds thou esa vk, ifjorZuksa ds dkj.kksa ls ifjfpr djkukA
2- kCn&HkaaMkj esa o`n~f/k djukA


3- fojke&fpg~uksa dk mfpr LFkku ij mfpr <ax ls iz;ksx djukA
4- ljy Hkkkk esa fopkjkfHkO;fDr dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
jpukRed dk;Z%
1- fofHkUu i= & if=dkvksa esa izdkfkr] jktuSfrd rFkk lkekftd fok;ksa ij ys[k o vuqPNsn i<+ukA
2- ^cqjs Qls* fok; ij jpukRed ys[k fyf[k,A
Module 07
olar% dkepksj dgkuh
O;kdj.k% 1 foksk.k Hksn lfgr 2 jpukRed ys[ku
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- dgkuh n~okjk deZ vkSj ifjJe dk egRRo le>kukA
2- Hkkkk ds euksjatd rFkk izHkkokkyh :Ik ls ifjfpr djkukA
3- foksk.k kCnksa dk iw.kZ Kku izkIr dj mUgsa mi;qDr :i ls iz;ksx djus dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
jpukRed dk;Z%
1- îfjJe* ;k ^dke* ls lacaf/kr ikp eqgkojksa rFkk yksdksfDr;ks dh vFkZ lfgr lwph cukukA
2- foksk.k o mlds Hksnksa ij ,d pkVZ cukukA
Module 08
cqn~/pfjr% Kku izkfIr
O;kdj.k% 1 Loj laf/k Hksn lfgr 2 laokn ys[ku
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- ikB i<+dj mlds eq[; mn~ns; dks le>us dh {kerk dk fodklA
2- kCn fuekZ.k esa laf/k dh lgk;rk ysdj u, & u, kCn cukukA
3- ljy Hkkkk esa Hkkoksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus dh {kerk dk fodklA
jpukRed dk;Z%
1- Loj laf/k ds Hksnksa dk lqanj&lk pkVZ cukukA
Module 09
vc rd i<+h gqbZ lkexzh dk iqujkoyksdu dj ijh{kk esa iz'uksa ds mkj fy[kus dh
{kerk dk fodkl djukA


Module 01
ckt vkSj lki
1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;kak dks i<+dj fn, x, izuksa ds mkj fyf[k, &
viuh xqQk esa cSBk gqvk lki lc dqN ns[k djrk & ygjksa dk xtZu] vkdkk esa fNirh gqbZ igkfM+;k] Vs<+h&es<+h
cy [kkrh gqbZ unh dh xqLls ls Hkjh vkokt+saA og eu gh eu [kqk gksrk Fkk fd bl xtZu&rtZu ds gksrs gq, Hkh
og lq[kh vkSj lqjf{kr gSA dksbZ mls nq[k ugha ns ldrkA lcls vyx] lcls nwj] og viuh xqQk dk Lokeh gSA u
fdlh ls nsuk] u fdlh ls ysukA nqfu;k dh Hkkx&nkSM+] Nhuk&>iVh ls og nwj gSA lki ds fy, ;gh lcls cM+k
lq[k FkkA
d ikB rFkk ys[kd dk uke crkb,A
[k lki eu gh eu D;ksa [kqk gks jgk Fkk\
x lki fdlls nwj Fkk\
?k ^xtZu* kCn dk o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,A
^Lokeh* kCn dk foykse fyf[k,A
2- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj la{ksi esa fyf[k, &
d lki mM+us dh bPNk dks ew[kZrkiw.kZ D;ks ekurk Fkk\
[k ys[kd us bl dgkuh ds fy, ckt vkSj lki dks gh D;ksa pquk\
x ?kk;y ckt dks ns[kdj lki [kqk D;kas gqvk gksxk\
Hkk"kk rFkk o.kZ fopkj

1- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, &
d og lk/ku ftlds n~okjk ge vius eu ds fopkjksa dks cksydj ;k fy[kdj vfHkO;Dr djrs gSa] mls -------
------------------ dgrs gSaA
[k Hkkkk ds nks eq[; :i gSa ------------------------- vkSj -------------------------A
x fopkjksa dks fy[kdj izdV djus ds fy, fufpr fd, x, fpg~uksa dks ------------------------- dgrs gSaA
?k Hkkkk ds kqn~/k :i laca/kh fu;eksa dk Kku djkus okys kkL= dks ------------------------- dgrs gSaA
------------------------- gekjs nsk dh jkVHkkkk gSA
p fgUnh fnol ------------------------- dks euk;k tkrk gSA
2- fuEufyf[kr kCnksa dk o.kZ&foPNsn dhft, &
d d`kd [k fon~;ky; x deZB ?k vkkhokZn fi=kKk
3- fuEufyf[kr o.kksZa dks feykdj kCn cukb, &
8


d v $ r~ $ ;~ $ v $ /k~ $ b $ d~ $ v
[k l~ $ v $ g~ $ vk $ ;~ $ v $ r~ $ vk
x k~ $ v $ d~ $ r~ $ b $ e~ $ vk $ u~ $ v~
?k n~ $ $ j~ $ v $ n~ $ v $ j~ $ k~ $ bZ
4- tc ,d jkr LoIu esa esjh eqykdkr iafMr tokgj yky usg# ls gqbZ -------------------------A fn, x, fok; ds vk/kkj
ij jpukRed ys[ku dhft,A
vifBr xn~;ka'k
5- fuEufyf[kr xn~;kak dks i<+dj fn, x, fodYiksa esa ls lgh fodYi pqfu, &
nqfu;k ds fofHkUu nskksa ds fodkl ij fogaxe n`fV Mkyus ls ;g LiV gks tkrk gS fd vkt ^ftl nsk us
oSKkfud miyfC/k;ksa ds lgkjs viuk vkSn~;ksxhdj.k dj fy;k] mlh dks mUur nsk dgk tkrk gSA ftl nsk esa
vkSn~;ksxhdj.k dk Lrj uhpk gS] og fiNM+k gqvk nsk dgk tkrk gSA oSKkfud vkfodkjksa vkSj vkSn~;ksxhdj.k ds
vk/kkj ij gh fdlh nsk dh izxfr dks vkdk tk jgk gSA foKku us ekuo dks iwjh rjg cny fn;k gSA
d vkt mUur nsk fdls dgk tkrk gS\
i ftldk vkS|ksfxdj.k dk Lrj ij gSA ii fiNM+k nsk iii vfodflr nskA
[k vkt fdlh nsk dh izxfrkhyrk ds D;k ekunaM gSa\
i oskHkwkk ds vk/kj ij ii vkfFkZd Lrj ij
iii oSKkfud vkfodkjkas o vkS|ksfxd Lrj ij
x oSKkfud kCn esa izR;; gS &
i fud ii vd iii bd
?k mi;qZDr xn~;kak ds fy, mi;qDr khkZd gSA
i nsk&iznsk ii fiNM+k nsk iii mUur nsk
izxfr kCn esa milxZ gS &
i iz ii ij~ iii i
Module 02
dchj dh lkf[k;k
1- fuEufyf[kr in~;kak dks /;kuiwoZd i<+dj iwNs x, izuksa ds mkj fyf[k,A
ekyk rks dj esa fQjS] thfHk fQjS eq[k ekfgA
euqok rks ngq fnfl fQjS] ;g rks lqfeju ukfgaAA
d dfo rFkk dfork dk uke fyf[k,A
[k izLrqr nksgs ds ek/;e ls dfo us fdldh vkykspuk dh gS\


x ^ngq fnfl fQjS* iafDr dk D;k vFkZ gS\
?k ^dj* kCn dk fganh i;kZ; fyf[k,\
js[kkafdr iafDr dk Hkko LiV dhft,A
'kCn fopkj
1- fuEufyf[kr kCnksa ds rRle :i fy[ksa &
d kke [k ?kh x lkr ?k lkS
eD[kh
2- fuEufyf[kr kCnksa ds rn~Hko :i fy[ksa &
d daVd [k o`n~/k x vJq ?k dwi
e;wj
3- fuEufyf[kr kCnksa ds fganh i;kZ; fyf[k,A
d gsM ekLVj [k ikfyZ;kesaV gkl x Mkboj ?k xouZj
Q+hl
4- fuEufyf[kr kCnksa esa ls :<+] ;kSfxd vkSj ;ksx:<+ kCn NkfV, &
ladYi] fxfj/kj] ;Kkkyk] nhuca/kq] ifjokj] T;ksfr] d`kd] iztkifr] iadt] uhydaBA
vuqPNsn ys[ku
1- fuEufyf[kr fok; ij ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k, & ^HkzVkpkj ,d leL;k*
2- vius NksVs HkkbZ dks ^lRlaxfr dk egRRo* crkrs gq, i= fyf[k,A
Module 03
cqn~/kpfjr%vkjafHkd thou
d egkek;k dh cgu --------------------------------- ftls --------------------------------- Hkh dgrs FksA
[k kqn~/kksnu us iqjksfgr --------------------------------- ls ijkekZ ysdj --------------------------------- lkalkfjd fok;ksa dh O;oLFkk
djok nh FkhA
x fln~/kkFkZ ds --------------------------------- HkkbZ dk uke --------------------------------- FkkA
?k egfkZ --------------------------------- dks vuqHkwfr gqbZ fd thou e`R;q ds p ls eqDr djus okys -------------------------------
eqfu us tUe ys fy;k gSA
egkek;k --------------------------------- x.kjkT; dh --------------------------------- FkhA
2- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj fyf[k, &
10


d jkuh us D;k LoIu ns[kk\ LoIu lqudj jktk dh D;k izfrf;k gqbZ\
[k fln~/kkFkZ dks oSjkX; u gks blds fy, jktk kqn~/kksnu us D;k fd;k\
x jktdqekj fln~/kkFkZ ds eu esa laosx dh mRifk ds D;k dkj.k Fks\
^foykse 'kCn rFkk i= ys[ku* vkSipkfjd
1- fjDr LFkkuksa esa js[kkafdr kCnksa ds foykse kCn Hkfj, &
d vkt d{kk esa pkyhl Nk= mifLFkr Fks rFkk nl Nk= --------------------------------- FksA
[k ftruh vk; gS mruk gh --------------------------------- djuk mfpr gSA
x efgek us xko dh fuj{kj vkSjrksa dks ,df=r dj --------------------------------- cukus dk chM+k mBk;kA
?k eSa rqEgkjk _.kh gw] irk ugha dc bl _.k ls --------------------------------- gksxkA
lTtuksa dh laxfr ls mUufr laHko gS] --------------------------------- dh laxfr ls ughaA
2- vius iM+ksl esa gqbZ pksjh dh fkdk;r djrs gq, Fkkuk/;{k dks i= fyf[k,A
î;kZ;okph*
1- vuqi;qDr kCnksa dks dkfV, &
d czkg~e.k & n`fot] Hkwifr] foiz
[k ckny & es?k] tyf/k] okfjn
x vkHkwk.k & t+soj] ekyk] vyadkj
?k lalkj & foo] nsk] nqfu;k
dey & iqi] tyf/k] uhjt
2- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dksBd esa fn, kCn ds mi;qDr i;kZ;okph ls dhft, &
d jko.k ds nl fljksa dh dYiuk dh xbZ gS blfy, mls --------------------------------- dgk tkrk gSA
jko.k
[k --------------------------------- ij lokj jktdqekj dh kksHkk ns[krs gh curh FkhA vo
x dkSjoksa us nzkSinh dk Hkjh lHkk esa --------------------------------- gj.k fd;kA oL=
?k vkt laiw.kZ --------------------------------- Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dh egkk dks Lohdkjrk gSA nqfu;k
jktk ds ihNs & ihNs] jktk ds --------------------------------- py jg FksA ukSdj
Module 04
olar & ^D;k fujk'k gqvk tk,*
1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;kak i<+dj iwNs x, izuksa ds mkj nhft,A
nkskksa dk inkZQ+kk djuk cqjh ckr ugha gSA cqjkbZ ;g ekywe gksrh gS fd fdlh ds vkpj.k ds xyr i{k dks
mn~?kkfVr djds mlesa jl fy;k tkrk gS vkSj nkskksn~?kkVu dks ,dek= drZO; eku fy;k tkrk gSA cqjkbZ esa jl
11


ysuk cqjh ckr gS] vPNkbZ dks mruk gh jl ysdj mtkxj u djuk vkSj Hkh cqjh ckr gSA lSdM+ksa ?kVuk, ,slh ?kVrh
gSa] ftUgsa mtkxj djus ls yksd & fpRr esa vPNkbZ ds izfr vPNh Hkkouk txrh gSA
[k ys[kd nkskksa dk inkZQkk djrs le; fdl ckr ls cpus ds fy, dgrk gS\
x cqjkbZ esa jl ysuk cqjh ckr gS] vPNkbZ dks mruk gh jl ysdj mtkxj u djuk vkSj Hkh cqjh ckr gSA vkk;
LiV dhft,A
2- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj la{ksi esa fyf[k,A
d ys[kd dks ,slk D;ksa yxrk gS fd nsk esa dksbZ Hkh bZekunkj O;fDr jgha jg x;k\
[k dkuwu dks /kks[kk fn;k tk ldrk gS] /keZ dks ughaA D;ksa\
x bZekunkjh dks ew[kZrk dk i;kZ; D;ksa le>k tkrk gS\
?k lekpkj i= esa HkzVkpkj ds izfr vkksk D;k O;Dr djrk gS\
milxZ&izR;;
3- fn, x, kCnksa ls milxZ o ewy kCn vyx dhft,A
d vfHk;ku [k vR;qke x vidhfrZ ?k fudiV
laokn
4- fuEufyf[kr milxksZa dks yxkdj u;k kCn cukb,A
iquj~] fu] varj] nql~] [kqk
5- fuEufyf[kr kCnksa esa ewy kCn vkSj izR;; vyx dhft,A
d e/kqjrk [k cukoV x uedhu ?k fcNkSuk
Lej.kh;
6- ^Je dk egRo* fok; ij vuqPNsn fyf[k,A
Module 05
lqnkek pfjr
1- fuEufyf[kr in~;kak dks /;kuiwoZd i<+dj izuksa ds mkj nhft,A
,sls csgky fctkbu lksa] ix daVd tky yxs iqfu tks,A
gk;! egknq[k ik;ks l[kk] rqe vk, brS u fdrS fnu [kks,AA
nsf[k lqnkek dh nhu nlk] d#.kk dfjdS d#ukfuf/k jks,A
ikuh ijkr dks gkFk Nq;ks ufga uSuu ds ty lks ix /kks,AA
d dfo rFkk dfork dk uke crkb,A
[k lqnkek dh nkk ns[kdj d`.k us D;k dgk\
12


x in~;kak esa ls vuqizkl vyadkj ds nks mnkgj.k NkVdj fyf[k,A
?k L=hfyax kCn fyf[k, & l[kk
2- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj la{ksi esa fyf[k,A
d ^?kj&?kj vksM+r fQjs* ;g dFku fdlus fdlds fy, rFkk D;ksa dgk\
[k lqnkek dks d`.k ds ikl fdlus vkSj D;ksa Hkstk\
^v'kqn~f/k 'kks/ku ,oa vifBr xn~;ka'k*
1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks kqn~/k djds iqu% fyf[k,A
d fe= lPpk iFk iznkZd ds leku gksrk gSA
[k ,d fnu ge gkWdh [ksydj vk;kA
x ikuhir dks ;qn~/k esa vCnkyh ls ejkBk gkj x;kA
?k Nk=koLFkk esa fe=rk dk /kqu lokj jgrh gSA
rsjs dks esjs firkth us cqyk;k gSA
2- fuEufyf[kr kCnksa dh orZuh kqn~/k dhft,A
d jpbZrk [k Jàxkj x fi;k ?k vkfkZokn T;ksrluk
3- fuEufyf[kr xn~;kak i<+dj iwNs x, izuksa ds mkj fyf[k,A
gekjs lekt esa cgqr ls yksx HkkX;oknh gksrs gSa vkSj lc dqN HkkX; ds Hkjksls NksM+dj deZ ls fojr gks cSBrs gSaA
,sls gh O;fDr lekt dks izxfr ds iFk ij vxzlj ugha gksus nsrAs vkt rd fdlh HkkX;oknh us lalkj esa dksbZ
egku dk;Z ugha fd;k A cM+h & cM+h [kkstsa] cM+s & cM+s vkfodkj vkSj cM+s & cM+s fuekZ.k ds dk;Z Je ds n~okjk gh
laiUu gks lds gSaA gekjh izfrHkk gesa izsfjr dj ldrh gS] gekjk iFk & iznkZu dj ldrh gS] tcfd y{; rd
ge deZ n~okjk gh igqprs gSaA tc ge ifjJe ls vius drZO; dk ikyu djrs gSa] rks gekjs eu dks vykSfdd
vkuan feyrk gSA ,sls O;fDr ds fy, mldk ifjJe gh mldh iwtk gSA ;fn ge vius dk;Z esa bZekunkjh ls Je
ugha djrs] rks gekjs eu esa ,d izdkj dk Hk; lek;k jgrk gSA dHkh&dHkh rks ge Xykfu dk vuqHko Hkh djrs
gSaA
d gekjs lekt esa cgqr ls yksx dSls gksrs gS\
i deZB ii HkkX;oknh iii vkylh iv bZekunkj
[k vkt rd fdlh HkkX;oknh us lalkj esa dSlk dk;Z ugha fd;k\
i egku dk;Z ii fuEu dk;Z iii lkglh dk;Z iv fuekZ.k dk;Z
x y{; rd ge dSls igqp ldrs gS\
i vkyL; ls ii deZ ls iii pkykdh ls iv pkiywlh ls
?k bZekunkjh ls Je ugha djus ls dSlk vuqHko gksrk gS\
i Hk; o Xykfu ii vykSfdd vkuan iii Fkdku iv thr dk vuqHko
ifjJe kCn esa milxZ gS\
13


i vfj ii ij~ iii ifj iv ij
Module 06
cqn~/k pfjr & ^vfHkfu"e.k*
d fln~/kkFkZ --------------------------------- ds lkFk --------------------------------- ls ckgj fudysA
[k --------------------------------- dh iztk kksd ds dkj.k --------------------------------- gks xbZA
x ,d ckj fln~/kkFkZ --------------------------------- dh jkt/kkuh --------------------------------- ds ikl ioZr ij vdsys fuokl
dj jgs FksA
?k --------------------------------- ujsk ------------- vius jFk ij lokj gksdj py fn,A
---------] -----------] ------------ gh euq; ds rhu iq#kkFkZ gSaA
2- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj nhft, &
d fln~/kkFkZ ls vyx gksus ij daFkd dh D;k nkk gqbZ\
[k fln~/kkFkZ us viuh ckr ij vVy jgrs gq, ex/k ujsk ls D;k dgk\
x fln~/kkFkZ us riLoh lk/kdksa ls D;k dgk\
vusdkFkZd 'kCn rFkk laokn ys[ku
1- fuEufyf[kr kCnksa ds nks&nks vusdkFkhZ kCn fy[ksa&
d mkj [k xq#
x o.kZ ?k ny
Qy p ij
N Hksn
2- d`.k vkSj lqnkek ds chp gqbZ ckrphr dks laokn ys[ku ds ek/le ls fy[ksaA
fojke fpg~u
1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa mi;qDr fojke fpg~u yxkb,A
d D;k rqe fQ+Yeksa esa vfHku; djksxs
[k ek us dgk Fkk ;fn rqe ijh{kk esa vPNs vad ykvksxs rks rqEgsa lkbfdy ysdj nwxh
x et+nwj {kek ekxrk jgk ekfyd mls MkVrk jgk
?k lqys[kk us dgk ugha eSa rqEgkjs lkFk ugha vk ldrh
eSMe vki rks fy[krh gSa esjh ;s dfork, nsf[k, dqN ne gS buesa
14


Module 07
dkepksj
1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;kak i<+dj iwNs x, izuksa ds mkj fyf[k,A
;k rks cPpk&jkt dk;e dj yks ;k eq>s gh j[k yksA ugh arks eSa pyh ek;ds vEek us pqukSrh ns nhA vkSj
vCck us lcdks drkj esa [kM+k djds iwjh cVkfy;u dk dksVZ ekkZy dj fn;kA vxj fdlh cPps us ?kj dh fdlh
pht dks gkFk yxk;k rks cl] jkr dk [kkuk can gks tk,xk
;s yhft,! bUgas fdlh djoV kkafr ughaA ge yksxkas us Hkh fup; dj fy;k fd vc pkgs dqN Hkh gks tk,]
fgydj ikuh Hkh ugha fi,xsA
[k vEek us xqLls ls D;k dgk\
x vCck ds MkVus ij cPpksa dh D;k izfrf;k Fkh\
2- la{ksi esa izuksa ds mkj nhft,A
d njh dh lQkbZ djus ij D;k gqvk\
[k ukSdjksa dks fudkyuk D;ksa r; gqvk\
x cPpksa ds dk;Z djus dk <ax dSlk Fkk\
^fo'ks"k.k o mlds Hksn] jpukRed ys[ku
1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa foksk.k NkVdj muds Hksnksa ds uke fyf[k, &
d nhu lqnkek dgk gS\ [k eaSus mls lkS #i;s fn,A
x esjs firkth nks fdyks vkVk yk,A ?k ;g ?kj esjs fe= dk gSA
ehBs Qy lcdks vPNs yxrs gSaA
2- fuEufyf[kr kCnksa ls foksk.k cukb, &
d /keZ [kiqjk.k xI;kl ?kHkwy
deZ prdZ NmRlkg tuko
jpukRed ys[ku
1- fuEufyf[kr fok; ij ,d jpukRed ys[k fyf[k, &
^NqV~Vh ds le; vki viuk dqN lkeku d{kk esa Hkwy x,A okil ysus d{kk esa x,] tc ykSVs rks ns[kk fon~;ky;
[kkyh gks pqdk Fkk vkSj vki fon~;ky; ds xfy;kjs esa vdsys FksA vpkud vkidks ,d vkokt vkbZA ihNs eqM+dj
ns[kk &
dksbZ ugha FkkA vkids dne vkSj rst gks x,] fQj vkokt vkbZ] fQj dksbZ ugha--- vpkud lkeus ,d vkd`fr
fn[kkbZ nh vkSj -------------ys[k iwjk dhft,A
15


Module 08
cqn~/k pfjr & ^Kku izkfIr*
d ------------------------- eqfu ds vkJe esa fln~/kkFkZ ds izosk ls iwjk vkJe ------------------------- gks x;kA
[k ;g lalkj ------------------------- vkSj ------------------------- ds p #Ik esa pyrk jgrk gSA
x dqekj ------------------------- dk vkJe NksM+dj jktfkZ ------------------------- ds ------------------------- vkJe x,A
?k dqekj dks ------------------------- fogkj dh bPNk gqbZA mUgsa ------------------------- unh ds rV ij fuokl djuk vPNk
yxkA
cqn~/k dh vk[ks nks ------------------------- ds leku ------------------------- FkhaA
2- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj nhft, &
d ekj dkSu Fkk\ mlds iq= rFkk iqf=;ksa ds uke crkb,A
[k kkD; eqfu ds cqn~/kRo izkIr djrs gh D;k gqvk\
x uanckyk dkSu Fkh\ cqn~/k ds [khj lsou djus ij ikpksa fHk{kqvksa us D;k fd;k\
Loj laf/k] laokn ys[ku
1- fuEufyf[kr kCnksa esa laf/k dhft, vkSj mldk Hksn Hkh crkb,A
d Lo$bPNk [k fo/kq$mn; x fon~;k$vky; ?k ije$vkst
ps$vu p vfr$vkpkj
2- fuEufyf[kr kCnksa dk laf/k foPNsn dhft, &
d jktfkZ [k lwfDr x Hkou ?k fi=kKk
;ksxhoj p xaxsoj
3- c<+rs gq, iznwk.k dks ysdj nks fe=ksa dh ckrphr dks laokn :i esa fyf[k,A
Module 09
^vn~/Zokf"kZd ijh{kk ds leLr ikB~;e dh iqujko`fk*
16


vkn'kZ izu&i=
vn~/kZokfkZd ijh{kk
le; % 2 ?k.Vs 30 feuV vf/kdre vad % 80
funsZk %&
d bl izu&i= ds pkj [kaM gSa & ^d*] ^[k*] ^x* vkSj ^?k*
[k pkjksa [kaMksa ds izuksa ds mkj nsuk vfuok;Z gSA
x ;FkklaHko izuksa ds] miHkkxksa ds mkj ek% fyf[k,A
1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;kak dks i<+dj fn, x, izuksa ds mkj nhft, &

u, okZ dh iwoZla/;k ij fnYyh dh lM+dksa ij dkQh gqM+nax gqvkA yksx kjkc ihdj uks esa [kqys vke >wes vkSj
vifjfprksa ij QfCr;k dlhA gkykfd VSfQd ds vusd izfrca/k yxk, x, Fks ysfdu yksxksa us bldh dksbZ ijokg
ugha dhA yksxksa ds te?kV ds dkj.k Lohd`r jkLrksa ls Hkh xkfM+;ksa dks xqtjus esa dkQh le; yxkA vusd txgksa
ij tke FkkA fnYyh ds iqfyl dfeuj us fnu esa crk;k Fkk fd lM+dksa ij kkafr vkSj O;oLFkk cuk, j[kus ds
fy, mUgksaus iwjh rS;kjh dj j[kh gS ij bartke ds ckotwn yksx izfrca/kksa dh /kfTt;k mM+krs ut+j vk,A mRlo rks
eukuk gh pkfg,] ysfdu e;kZnkghu rjhds ls tu eukuk jkt/kkuh ds lH; ukxfjdksa dks kksHkk ugha nsrkA DukWV
Iysl tSls dsUnzh; LFky ij NsM+[kkuh dh ?kVuk, fup; gh fpark dk fok; gaSA lokZf/kd vkifktud ckr rks ;g
gS fd yksxksa us vk/kh jkr rd rst /kekds okys iVk[ks tyk,A bruk Hkh [;ky ugha j[kk x;k fd chekj vkSj
vf/kd mez ds yksxksa dks ijskkuh gks ldrh gSA
d uookZ dh iwoZla/;k ij jkt/kkuh esa D;k gqvk\ 1
i ukp&xkus ii gqMnax iii twywl
[k fdl ij izfrca/k yxk, x, Fks\ 1
i ckgj fudyus ij ii gYyk djus ij iii VSfQd ij
x vusd txgksa ij D;k yxk Fkk\ 1
i tke ii esyk iii mRlo
?k lH; ukxfjdksa dks D;k kksHkk ugha nsrk\ 1
i kkafr cuk, j[kuk ii tu eukuk iii e;kZnkghu O;ogkj djuk
jkt/kkuh dk dsUnzh; LFky gS\ 1
i lhek iwjh ii dukV iSysl iii ut+Qx+ <+
p chekj o vf/kd mez ds yksxks dks fdlls ijskkuh gks ldrh gS\ 1
i rst /kekds okys iVk[ks ls ii iwtk ikB ls iii mRlo eukus ls
N lokZf/kd kCn esa iz;qDr milxZ gSA 1
i lokZ ii l iii loZ
17


t fuEufyf[kr kCn es ls fonskh kCn gS\ 1
i okZ ii VSfQd iii ukxfjd
> lH; dk foykse gSA 1
i folH; ii vlH; iii lH;rk
mez kCn dk rRle :i gSA 1
i oxZ ii Js.kh iii vk;q
2- ^Hkfo; ds Ldwy dSls gksa*fok; ij nks fe=ksa ds chp gq, ckrphr dks laokn #Ik esa fyf[k,A 5
vFkok
jsy esa ;k=k ds le;] vR;ar lqUnj n`;] [kks ls tkuk] vpkud uhan dk >ksadk] xgjh uhan] LVsku fudy x;k
vkSj xkM+h ;kMZ esa igqp xbZ ,d /k.Vs ckn vpkud vkidh vk[k [kqyh vkSj rc ----------- jpukRed ys[ku
3- fonskh fe= dks i= fy[kdj vius fon~;ky; dh fokskrk, crkb,A 5
vFkok
voS/k :Ik ls dCt+k dh xbZ t+ehu dh lwpuk nsrs gq, iqfyl v/kh{kd dks i= fyf[k,A
4- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj dksBd esas fn, funsZkksa dks i<+dj nhft,A
d vO;ogkfjd] vekuoh; milxZ o izR;; NkfV, 2
[k fcekjh] fpUg] Jaxkj] dfo;=h kqn~/k dhft, 2
x ckj ckj er i<+ks fojke fpg~u yxkb, 1
?k vkx] y{eh nks&nks Ik;kZ;okph fyf[k, 2
mi;ksxh] lRlaxfr] vfro`fV] d`rK foykse kCn fyf[k, 2
5- funsZkkuqlkj mkj nhft,A
d mn~;ksx] jkV foksk.k cukb, 2
[k ,d$,d] fir`$vky; laf/k dhft, 2
x kCnkFkZ] Hkkstuky; laf/k foPNsn dhft, 2
?k xq.k] Qy nks&nks vusdkFkhZ kCn fyf[k, 2
FkksFkk puk ckts ?kuk] feV~Vh esa feyk nsuk yksdksfDr o eqgkojs dk okD; iz;ksx dhft,A 2
6- d rRle :Ik crkb,A 1
i ukd ii kDdj
[k rn~Hko :Ik crkb,A 1
i xnZHk ii lw;Z
18


x fuEu kCnksa ls :<+] ;kSfxd vkSj ;ksx:<+ kCn NkfV,A 2
iqLrdky;] fgEer] tyt] nkkuu
7- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,A 2
d Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa ------------------------------------------- Hkkkkvksa dks Lohd`fr nh xbZ gSA
[k fganh Hkkkk dk orZeku :i ------------------------------------------- cksyh gSA
x fganh Hkkkk esa dqy ------------------------------------------- o.kZ gSA
?k ------------------------------------------- ds fcuk O;atu dk mPpkj.k ugha gksrkA
8- fuEufyf[kr in~;kak dks i<+dj fn, x, izuksa ds mkj nhft, &

Tkkfr u iwNks lk/k dh] iwN yhft, KkuA
Eksy djks rjokj dk iM+k jgus nks E;kuAA
Tkx esa cSjh dksbZ ugha] tks eu lhry gks;A
;k vkik dks Mkfj nS] n;k djS lc dks;AA
d izLrqr iafDr;k fdl ikB ls yh xbZ gSa 1
i jghe ds nksgs ii dchj dh lkf[k;k ii ehjkckbZ ds in
[k izLrqr in~;kak ds dfo gSa 1
i lwjnkl ii jghe ii dchjnkl
x dfo us lk/kq dh dkSu ls xq.k dks viukus ds fy, dgk gS\ 1
i tkfr ii oskHkwkk ii Kku
?k dfo us D;k R;kxus ds fy, dgk gS\ 1
i pfj= ii Kku ii ?ke.M
dSls O;fDr dk tx esa dksbZ cSjh ugha gksrk 1

i nqtZu ii lTtu ii pfj=ghu
p ^cSjh* kCn dk vFkZ gS & 1
i k=q ii fe= ii l[kk
euq; dh cukbZ fof/k;k xyr urhts rd igqp jgh gSa rks bUgsa cnyuk gksxkA oLrqr% vk, fnu bUgsa cnyk gh tk
jgk gSA ysfdu vc Hkh vkkk dh T;ksfr cq>h ugha gSA egku HkkjrokZ dks ikus dh laHkkouk cuh gqbZ gS] cuh
jgsxhA
d ikB rFkk ys[kd dk uke fyf[k,A 1
19


[k euq; dh cukbZ fof/k;k fdl izdkj xyr urhts rd igqp jgh gSa\ 2
x egku HkkjrokZ dks ikus dh laHkkouk cuh gqbZ gS] cuh jgsxhA ys[kd ds bl dFku ls gesa D;k lansk feyrk
gS\ 2
?k ^vkkk* kCn dk foykse fyf[k,A 1
10- fuEufyf[kr izuksa esa ls fdUgha rhu ds mkj nhft, & 3 3 9
d lki mM+us dh bPNk dks ew[kZrkiw.kZ D;ksa ekurk Fkk\
[k lqnkek dh nhu nkk ns[kdj Jh d`.k dh D;k euksnkk gqbZ\
x dkepksj dgkuh D;k lansk nsrh gS\
?k dfo us dsoy ekyk Qsjus dks Hkxoku dk Lej.k D;ksa ugha ekuk gS\
11- vk'k; LiV dhft, & 2 2 4
d rqeus viuk thou cfynku dj fn;k fdarq fQj Hkh rqe vej gks\
[k egku HkkjrokZ dks ikus dh laHkkouk cuh gqbZ gS vkSj cuh jgsxhA
12- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj ^cqn~/k pfjr* iqLrd ds vk/kkj ij nhft,A 1 5 5
d fln~/kkFkZ ds iq= dk D;k uke Fkk\
[k thou ds mn~ns; D;k ekus x, gS\
x mnzd us fln~/kkFkZ dks lekf/k dh fdruh voLFkk, crkbZA
?k fln~/kkFkZ vkSj nsonRr us fdl ckr ij cgl gqbZ\
fln~/kkFkZ viuh iRuh dks I;kj ls D;k cqykrs Fks\
13- d fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,A 3
1 ---------------------- us jktdqekj ls dgk ;g ---------------------- gS tks #Ik vkSj kfDr dk ukk djrh gSA
2 fln~/kkFkZ ---------------------- ds lkFk ---------------------- ls ckgj fudysA
3 ---------------------- cksf/klRo ---------------------- ls vR;ar nqcZy gks x, FksA
[k fdlus] fdlls dgk& 2
1 gs lkSE;! igys vki gekjk fln~/kkar lqfu,A
2 vkidk mn~ns; fcuk ck/kk ds lQy gksA
20


vkn'kZ izu&i= vn~/kZokfkZd ijh{kk
gy lfgr
funsZk %&

fkVkpkj dk igyk xq.k gS fouezrkA gekjh ok.kh esa] O;ogkj esa fouezrk ?kqyh gksuh pkfg,A fouezrk dsoy cM+ksa
ds izfr gh ugha gksrh vfirq cjkcj okyksa vkSj vius ls NksVksa ds izfr Hkh uezrk vkSj Lusg dk Hkko gksuk pkfg,A
lHkh ls cksyrs le; gekjh ok.kh esa feBkl jguh pkfg,A dVqrk ;k ddZkrk ughaA fouezrk dsoy Hkkkk dh oLrq
ugha gSA gekjs deZ esa Hkh fouezrk gksuh pkfg,A ;g /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd fouezrk vkSj nhurk esa varj gSA
fouez gksrs gq, Hkh ge vius LokfHkeku dh j{kk dj ldrs gS] nhurk esa ughaA
d fkVkpkj dk igyk xq.k gS\ 1
i fouezrk ii mxzrk iii vlH;rk
[k NksVks ds izfr dSlk Hkko gksuk pkfg,\ 1
i ddZkrk ii Jn~/kk iii Lusg o uezrk
x cksyrs le; gekjh ok.kh dSlh gksuh pkfg,\ 1
i ddZk ii feBkl;qDr iii dVqrkiw.kZ
?k fouezgksrs gq, Hkh ge fdldh j{kk dj ldrs gS\ 1
i nhurk ii vfHkeku iii LokfHkeku
ewy kCn o izR;; vyx dhft, &^dVqrk* 1
i dVq] mrk ii dVq] rk iii d] Vqrk
p Hkkookpd laKk NkfV,A 1
i Hkkkk ii oLrq iii feBkl
N xn~;kak ds fy, mi;qZDr khkZd crkb,A 1
i ?keaM ii ddZk iii fouezrk
t feBkl kCn dk foykse gSA 1
i fouez ii dVq iii uez
21


> fouez kCn dk o.kZ foPNsn gSA 1
i o$b$u~$v$e~$j~$v ii o$b$u~$v$e~$j~ iii o~$b$u$e~$v$j~$v
vfirq kCn dk vFkZ gSA 1
i ysfdu ii cfYd iii ojuk
2- fn, x, fok; ij yxHkx 80&120 kCnksa esa vuqPNsn fyf[k, &ufn;ksa esa JsB % xaxk 5
vFkok
fdsV foo di esa Hkkjrh; Vhe dh thr dks ysdj nks fe=ksa ds chp gqbZ ckrphr dks laokn :Ik esa fyf[k,A
3- vius fe= dks mlds cM+s HkkbZ ds fookg ij u igqp ikus dk vQlksl O;Dr djrs gq, i= fyf[k,A 5
vFkok
voS/k :Ik ls lM+d ij py jgh rksM+&QksM+ dh lwpuk nsrs gq, yksdfuekZ.k foHkkx ds vf/kdkjh dks Ik= fyf[k,A
4- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj dksBd esas fn, funsZkksa dks i<+dj nhft,A
d viekfur] fuMjrk milxZ rFkk izR;; NkfV, 2
[k izFkd] iwT;uh; kqn~/k dhft, 1
x xaxk] gok nks&nks Ik;kZ;okph fyf[k, 2
?k mifLFkr] d`r?u foykse kCn fyf[k, 2
ekrk firk dk drZO; Fkk fojke fpg~u yxkb, 2
5- funsZkkuqlkj mkj nhft,A
d O;ogkj] ks/k foksk.k cukb, 2
[k fgr$minsk] lq$vkxr laf/k dhft, 2
x fi=kKk] egfkZ laf/k foPNsn dhft, 2
?k dj] o.kZ nks&nks vusdkFkhZ kCn fyf[k, 2
dybZ [kqyuk] eu paxk rks dBkSrh esa xaxk eqgkojs o yksdksfDr dk okD; iz;ksx dhft,
6- d rRle :Ik crkb,A 2
i dku ii eD[kh
[k rn~Hko :Ik crkb,A 2
i ?k`r ii nw/k
x fuEu kCnksa ls :<+] ;kSfxd vkSj ;ksx:<+ kCn NkfV,A 2
ikuokyk] ihrkEcj] iqLrd] fon~;ky;
22


d ----------------------------------- ds n~okjk Hkkkk ds kqn~/k :i dk Kku gksrk gSaA
[k ----------------------------------- fcuk fdlh vU; o.kZ dh lgk;rk ls cksys tkrs gSaA
8- fuEufyf[kr in~;kak dks i<+dj fn, x, izuksa ds mkj nhft, &

vkxs puk xq:ekr n, rs] y, rqe pkfc gesa ufga nhusA
L;ke dg;ks eqldk; lqnkek lksa] ^^ pksfj dh cku esa gkSa tw izohus**
iksVfj dka[k esa pkafi jgs rqe ] [kksyr ukfga lq/kk jl Hkhus
ikfNyh ckfu vtkS u rtkS rqe ] rSlbZ HkkHkh ds rUnqy dhUks**
d izLrqr iafDr;k fdl ikB ls yh xbZ gSa\ 1

i dchj dh lkf[k;k ii lwjnkl ds in iii lqnkekpfjr
[k izLrqr ikB ds dfo gSa & 1
i lwjnkl ii rqylhnkl iii ujkskenkl
x ^^pksfj dh cku esa gkS tw izohus** iafDr;ksa dk vFkZ gS & 1
i izoh.k pksjh djusa es dqky gS ii pksjh djus esa fuiq.k gSa
iii pksjh djus esa vukM+h gSa
?k izLrqr dfork esa fduds chp ckrphr gks jgh gS & 1
i ujkskenkl vkSj d`.k ii ujkskenkl vkSj lqnkek iii lqnkek vkSj d`.k
^lq/kk* kCn dk i;kZ;okph gS & 1
i lalkj ii jksVh iii ve`r
p ^rtkS* kCn dk vFkZ gS & 1
i R;ksgkj ii R;kxuk iii rqEgkjk

HkkjrokZ us dHkh Hkh HkkSfrd oLrqvksa ds laxzg dks cgqr vf/kd ego ugha fn;k gS] mldh n`fV ls euq; ds Hkhrj
tks egku vkarfjd xq.k fLFkj Hkko ls cSBk gqvk gS] ogh pje vkSj ije gSA yksHk&eksg] dke&ks/k vkfn fopkj
euq; esa LokHkkfod :i ls fon~;eku jgrs gSa] ij mUgsa iz/kku kfDr eku ysuk vkSj vius eu rFkk cqf) dks mUgha
ds bkkjs ij NksM+ nsuk cgqr cqjk vkpj.k gSA HkkjrokZ us dHkh mUgsa mfpr ugha ekuk] mUgsa lnk la;e ds ca/ku ls
ck/kdj j[kus dk iz;Ru fd;k gSA
d ikB rFkk ys[kd dk uke crkb,A 1
23


[k dkSu ls fopkj euq; esa LokHkkfod :i ls fon~;eku jgrs gSa vkSj ys[kd us cqjk vkpj.k fdls ekuk gS\ 2
x js[kkafdr iafDr dk vkk; LiV dhft,A 2
?k ^mfpr* kCn dk foykse fyf[k,A 1
10- fuEufyf[kr izuksa esa ls fdUgha rhu ds mkj nhft, & 3 3 9
d thou ds egku ewY;ksa ds izfr vkt gekjh vkLFkk D;ksa fgyus yxh gS\
^D;k fujkk gqvk tk,* ikB ds vk/kkj ij mkj nhft,A
[k dchj ?kkl dh fuUnk djus ls D;ksa euk djrs gSa\
x ckt ?kk;y gksrs gq, Hkh vkdkk esa mMuk D;ksa pkgrk Fkk\
?k ukSdjksa dks fudkyuk D;ksa r; gqvk\
11- vk'k; LiV dhft, & 2 2 4
d êq>s dksbZ fkdk;r ugha gS ^êsjh ftanxh Hkh [kwc jgh] th Hkjdj mls Hkksxk gSA**
[k dkuwu dks /kks[kk fn;k tk ldrk ijUrq /keZ dks ughaA
12- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj ^cqn~/k pfjr* iqLrd ds vk/kkj ij nhft,A 1 5 5
d fln~/kkFkZ dk tUe dc vkSj dgk gqvk\
[k fln~/kkFkZ us vius vkHkwk.k mrkjdj fdls fn,\
x fcafclkj dh ckrksa dk fln~/kkFkZ ij D;k vlj gqvk\
?k fln~/kkFkZ us fdl eqfu ds vkJe esa izosk fd;k\
fln~/kkFkZ dks [khj ls ifjiw.kZ ik= fdlus fn;k\
d xksijkt dh dU;k ------------------------ us cksf/klRo dks ------------------------ ls ifjiw.kZ ik= iznku fd;kA
[k ,d ckj ,d ------------------------ gkFkh egkjkuh ds kjhj esa izosk dj x;k] ,slk mUgkasus ------------ ns[kkA
x egkek;k dh cgu ------------------------ ftls ------------------------ Hkh dgrs FksA
14- fdlus] fdlls dgk & 2
d eSa tyrh gqbZ vkx esa izosk dj ldrk gwA
[k gs lkSE;] eSa rqEgsa ikp vfon~;kvksa ds ckjs esa crkrk gwA
24


vkn'kZ izu&i= vn~/kZokfkZd ijh{kk
gy lfgr
m1- d fouezrk A [kLusg o uezrk dk HkkoA

x feBkl ?kddZkrk & dVqrk] vfirq & cfYd
ewykCn & dVq] izR;; & rk p feBkl
N fouezrk t dVq
> o$b$u~$v$e~$j~$v cfYd
m2- d ufn;ksa esa loZJsB% xaxk

xaxk Hkkjr dh mu izkphure ufn;ksa esa ls gS ftu ij Hkkjrokfl;ksa dks cgqr J)k jgh gSA xaxk dsoy unh gh
ugha gS] cfYd bldk lEcU/k Hkkjr dh laLd`fr rFkk bfrgkl ls tqM+k gSA ;g ifo= unh izR;sd Hkkjroklh ds fy,
vR;ar ifo= rFkk iwT; gSA HkkSxksfyd n`fV ls blh unh us mRrjh Hkkjr ds fokky mitk eSnku dks cuk;k gS
rFkk HkkjrHkwfe dks /ku&/kkU; ls iw.kZ fd;k gSA fgeky; ds xaxks=h uked LFkku ls fudydj og lewps HkkjrokZ
dks vius ve`r ty ls lhaprh gqbZ] gtkjksa ehy dh ;k=k djrh gqbZ caxky dh [kkM+h esa fey tkrh gSA blh unh
ds rV ij izkphu dky esa gekjh lH;rk vkSj laLd`fr dk fodkl gqvk FkkA blh ds fdukjs cSBdj gekjs
_fk&eqfu;ksa us riL;k dh rFkk xzaFkksa dh jpuk dhA HkxhjFk gh xaxk dks Ik`Foh ij yk, Fks blfy, bldk uke
HkkxhjFkh Hkh gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd blesa Luku djus ls O;fDr ifo= gks tkrk gSA
m3- Nk=kokl
Mh ih ,l bafnjkiqje~
Xkkft+;kcknA
13&02&06
fiz; fe= jktsk]
ueLrs
rqEgkjk i= feyk] i= esa rqEgkjs firk th dh e`R;q dk lekpkj i<+k] rks fookl gh ugha gqvkA ,sls nq[kn
vkSj vizR;kfkr lekpkj ij vkf[kj fookl gks Hkh dSls ldrk gS\ eSaus dHkh LoIu esa Hkh ;g dYiuk ugha
dh Fkh fd os bl rjg vpkud ge lc dks NksM+dj pys tk,xsA fe= ;gh fof/k dk
fo/kku gSA ;gha rks euq; vleFkZ gks tkrk gSA bZoj dh bPNk ds vkxs fdlh dk ok ugha pyrkA vc rqEgsa
o rqEgkjs ifjokj dks /kS;Z /kkj.k djuk gh gksxkA rqe fgEer ls dke yksxs rHkh pkph th o eksfgr dks Hkh
25


laHkky ldksxsA rqels bruh nwj cSBs eSa rks bZoj ls ;gh izkFkZuk dj ldrk gw fd bZoj rqEgkjs firkth dh
vkRek dks ln~xfr o kkafr iznku djs rFkk rqEgsa o rqEgkjs ifjokj dks ;g nq[k lgus dh kfDr nsA
eSa xzhekodkk esa rqEgkjs ikl vkus dh dksfkk d:xkA pkph th dks iz.kke o eksfgr dks <sj lkjk I;kj nsukA
rqEgkjk fe=
d- [k- x
m4- d vi $ eku $ br] fu $ Mj $ rk [k i`Fkd] iwtuh;

x xaxk & lqjlfj] nsounh ?k gok & ok;q] iou
mifLFkr & vuqifLFkr p ekrk&firk dk drZO; FkkA
d`rK & d`r/u
m5- dO;ogkfjd] ks/kh tkfrokpd laKk [k fgrksinsk] Lokxr
x fir`$vkKk] egk$_fk ?k dj & VSDl] f;k
o.kZ & jax] v{kj
i lk/kq tc pksjh djrs idM+k x;k rks mldh lkjh dybZ [kqy xbZA
ii foHkhk.k gh jko.k dh e`R;q dk dkj.k cuk] Bhd gh dgk gS& ?kj dk Hksnh yadk <k,A
m6- d i dku & d.kZ ii eD[kh & ef{kdk
[k i ?k`r & ?kh ii nw/k & nqX/k
x :<+ & iqLrd ;kSfxd & ikuokyk] fon~;ky; ;ksx:<+ & ihrkEcj
m7- dO;kdj.k ds n~okjk Hkkkk ds kqn~/k :i dk Kku gksrk gSA
[k Loj fcuk fdlh vU; o.kZ dh lgk;rk ls cksys tkrs gSaA
m8- d dfo &ujksRrenkl [k lqnkekpfjr x pksjh djus esa fuiq.k gSaA

?k lqnkek vkSj d`.k ve`r pR;kxuk
m9- d ikB dk uke & D;k fujkk gqvk tk,
ys[kd dk uke& gtkjhizlkn fn~oosnh
[k yksHk&eksg] dke&ks/k vkfn fopkj euq; esa LoHkkfod :i ls fon~;eku jgrs gSa] ij mUgsa iz/kku kfDr eku
ysuk vkSj vius eu rFkk cqf) dk mUgh ds bkkjs ij NksM+ nsuk cgqr cqjk vkpj.k gSA
x Hkkjrh; laLd`fr eas HkkSfrdrk dk dksbZ egRRo ugha gS fdUrq lR;] U;k;] vfgalk] ln~Hkko tSls ekuoh;
laosnukvksa dk egRRo jgk gS vkSj euq; ds thou esa bUgha xq.kksa dk egRRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA
26


m10- d tc ge ns[krs gSa fd bZekunkjh ls esgur djds thou pykus okys fujhg vkSj Hkksys&Hkkys Jethoh fil jgs gSa
vkSj >wB rFkk Qjsc dk jkst+xkj djus okys Qy&Qwy jgs gSaA rks thou ds egku ewY;ksa ds izfr gekjh vkLFkk
fgyus yxrh gSA
[k dchj ?kkl dh fuank djus ls blfy, euk djrs gSa D;ksafd ;fn dHkh frudk mM+dj vk[k esa iM+ tk, rks
nq[k nqxuk c<+ tkrk gSA vkk; ;g gS fd ;fn ge lekt ds NksVs O;fDr;ksa dks ghu le>saxs rks mis{kk ds
dkj.k os gekjs nq[k dk dkj.k cu ldrs gSaA
x mls vkdkk dh Lora=rk vR;ar fiz; Fkh] og vR;ar lkglh Fkk] mls viuh ekSr ls tjk Hkh Hk; ugh FkkA
vktdy oLrq fofue; ugha gksrkA #i, nsdj dksbZ oLrq [kjhnh tkrh gSA
?k ukSdjksa dks fudkyuk blfy, r; gqvk D;ksafd muds jgrs lHkh cPps dkepksj gks pqds FksA ;gk rd fd os
ikuh Hkh Lo;a ysdj ugha ihuk pkgrs FksA
m11- d ikB dk uke& ckt vkSj lki
ys[kd dk uke &fueZy oekZ
?kk;y ckt us vius thou dh vafre lkls ysrs gq, dgk fd mls thou ls dksbZ fkdk;r ugha gS D;ksafd og
lkglh gS vkSj vius izk.kksa dks gFksyh ij j[kdj vkleku esa mMrk fQjrk gSA mls vkt+nh fiz; gS og ft+nxh
ds gj [krjs dk cgknqjh ls lkeuk djrk gSA
[k ikB dk uke & D;k fujkk gqvk tk,
ys[kd dk uke & gt+kjh izlkn f}osnh
izLrqr iafDr ds n~okjk ys[kd us ;g crkus dk iz;kl fd;k gS fd dkuwu euq;ksa ds n~okjk cuk, x, fu;e
gSa ftudk lekt esa jgdj ikyu djuk vko;d gSA ijarq dHkh&dHkh euq; viuh lqfo/kk vuqlkj mu
fu;eksa dks rksM+ nsrk gSa ijarq /keZ eu dh ,slh vkLFkk gS ftls rksM+rs gq, mldk eu dgha u dgha Mxexk
tkrk gSa D;ksfd vkt Hkh euq; ds eu esa bZojh; rRo fon~;eku gSA
m12- d yqafcuh ds ,d mn~;ku esa oSkk[k iwf.kZek ds fnu
[k Nand
x mUgksaus viuk LFkku cny fn;k D;ksafd mUgsa Hk; Fkk fd os HksV Hkstdj mudh lk/kuk esa
O;o/kku djsxkA
?k vjkM eqfu
xksijkt dh dU;k uanckyk
m13- d uanckyk] ik;l [khj [k lQsn] LoIu x egkiztkifr] xkSreh
m14- d jktdqekj us iqjksfgr ls dgk [k vjkM eqfu us cqn~/k ls dgk
27


Module 10
olar% ikuh dh dgkuh
O;kdj.k% vusd kCnksa ds fy, ,d 'kCn] i=&ys[ku] vifBr xn~;kak
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- ikuh ds tUe vkSj thou&;k=k ds bfrgkl ls ifjfpr djkukA
2- ikB iBu ds fy, iszfjr djukA
3- fopkjksa dks ecn~/k fy[kus dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
4- ifBr xn~;kak ij ifjppkZ ds ckn Nk=ksa dks mkj Lo;a fy[kus ds fy, izsfjr djukA
jpukRed dk;Z%
1- typ ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh izkIr djds dksyktZ rS;kj dhft,A
2- kCn&dksk iz;ksx djus dh vknr dks fodflr djukA
MODULE 11
cqn~/k pfjr% /keZ p izorZu
O;kdj.k & lekl] vuqPNsn ys[ku
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- Nk=ksa ds eu esa n;k&Hkko tkxzr djukA
2- ikB i<+dj iwNs x, mkj nsus dh {kerk dk fodkl djuk
3- vius fopkjksa dks Lora= rFkk O;ofLFkr :Ik ls izdV djus dh {kerk dk fodkl
jpukRed dk;Z%
1- kCn dksk ds iz;ksx dh vknr MkyukA
2- fopkjkas esa o`n~f/k ds fy, fofHkUu i=&if=dk, i<+ukA
MODULE 12
olar% Hkxoku ds Mkfd, dfork
O;kdj.k% f;k Hksn lfgr vifBr xn~;kak] in~;kak
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- dfork dk jlkLoknu djus dh rFkk blds lLoj okpu dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
2- ,d gh kCn ds fofHkUu vFkksZa dks izlax ds vuqlkj le>us dh ;ksX;rk dk fodklA
3- vifBr cks/k ls iwNs x, izuksa ds mkj nsus dh {kerk dk fodklA
4- 'kCn HkaMkj esa o`n~f/k djukA
jpukRed dk;Z%
1- blh fo"k; ij fy[kh xbZ vU; dforkvksa dk ladyu djukA
28


MODULE 13
olar% vdcjh yksVk dgkuh
O;kdj.k% vO;; vfodkjh kCn] f;k&foksk.k] jpukRed ys[ku
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- ifjfLFkfr ds vuqlkj cqn~f/k ds iz;ksx dk egRRo crkukA
2- fofHkUu kCnksa ds :iksa rFkk mudh mi;ksfxrk dk Kku iznku djukA
3- vius fopkjksa dks O;ofLFkr ecn~/k :Ik esa izdV djus dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
jpukRed dk;Z%
1- ^tc eSaus vDy yxkbZ* fok; ij ,d vuqPNsn fy[kukA
2- ,d gh LFkku ij vyx&vyx vfodkjh kCn dk iz;ksx djus ls okD; ds vFkZ esa ifjorZu vkrk gS] ;g
LiV djus ds fy, pkVZ cukukA
MODULE 14
cqn~/pfjr% egkifjfuokZ.k
O;kdj.k%eqgkojs] yksdksfDr;k] vuqPNsn ys[ku
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- egkRek cqn~/k ds laiw.kZ thoudky ls ifjfpr djkukA
2- eqgkojs rFkk yksdksfDr;ksa ds vFkZ le>dj muds iz;ksx ds fy, izsfjr djukA
3- Nk=ksa dh fparu&kfDr rFkk dYiuk&kfDRk dk fodkl djukA
4- ekSfyd Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDRk ds fy, izsfjr djukA
jpukRed dk;Z%
1- fn, x, fok; ij vuqPNsn fy[kukA
2- eqgkojksa rFkk yksdksfDr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij fp= cukdj mUgsa igpkuukA
MODULE 15
olar% lwjnkl ds in in
O;kdj.k% okD; fopkj] vax] vFkZ&Hksn] i=&ys[ku
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- d`.k ds cky&:i ls ifjfpr djkukA
2- lwjnkl dh l[kk&Hkko dh HkfDr ls ifjfpr djkukA
3- vius fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDr djus dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
jpukRed dk;Z%
29


1- dqN ,sls izlxkas] ?kVukvksa vkSj dgkfu;ksa dk ladyu dhft, tks cky&eu dh fuNyrk]
vcks/krk vkSj Hkksysiu dks O;Dr djrs gSaA
MODULE 16
olar% cl dh ;k=k
O;kdj.k% i= vkSipkfjd] vukSipkfjd vifBr xn~;kak] in~;kak
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- thou esa dHkh Hkh gkj u ekuus dh izsj.kk nsukA
2- vius fopkjksa dks izHkkokkyh rFkk jkspd <ax ls O;Dr djus dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
3- vko;drk iM+us ij fofHkUu lwpukvksa dks Hkstus o yxkkus dh ;ksX;rk dk fodkl djukA
jpukRed dk;Z%
1- fn, x, fok; ij vuqPNsn fy[kukA
MODULE 17
cqn~/pfjr% /keZp izorZu
O;kdj.k%i= o vuqPNsn ys[ku
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- ikBksa dks i<+dj muds eq[; mn~ns; o lansk le>us dh ;ksX;rk dk fodkl djukA
2- ljy Hkkkk ds n~okjk Hkkoksa dks izHkkokkyh <ax ls vfHkO;Dr djus dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
3- vius fopkjksa dks O;ofLFkr rFkk ecn~/k :Ik esa fy[kus dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
4- i= ys[ku ds nksuksa izk:iksa dk Kku iznku djds vH;kl djkukA
jpukRed dk;Z%
1- fn, x, fok; ij jpukRed ys[ku rFkk i= fy[kukA
MODULE 18
f'k{k.k mn~ns';%
1- okfkZd ijh{kk ds ckn i<+kbZ xbZ lkexzh dk iqujkoyksdu dj ijh{kk esa izuksa ds mkj fy[kus dh {kerk
dk fodkl djukA
30


Module 10
ikuh dh dgkuh
iz-1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;kak dks i<+dj fn, x, izuksa ds mkj nhft, &
eSa vkxs c<+k gh Fkk fd csj dh >kM+h ij ls eksrh&lh ,d cwn esjs gkFk ij vk iM+hA esjs vk'p;Z dk fBdkuk u
jgk tc eSaus ns[kk fd vksl dh cwn esjh dykbZ ij ls ljddj gFksyh ij vk xbZA esjh n`f"V iM+rs gh og Bgj
xbZA FkksM+h nsj esa eq>s flrkj ds rkjksa dh&lh >adkj lqukbZ nsus yxhA eSus lkspk fd dksbZ ctk jgk gksxkA pkjksa
vksj ns[kkA dksbZ ughaA fQj vuqHko gqvk fd ;g Loj esjh gFksyh ls fudy jgk gSA
d ikB vkSj ys[kd dk uke fyf[k,A
[k ys[kd ds vk'p;Z dk fBdkuk dc u jgk\
x gFksyh ls dSlk Loj fudy jgk Fkk\
?k vFkZ fyf[k, & n`f"V] vuqHko
o.kZ foPNsn djsa &>adkj] cwn
vusd 'kCnksa ds fy, ,d 'kCn fy[ksa
iz-2- vusd kCnksa ds fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,A
d tks dke u djs [k ij dgk x;k
x tks lc dqN tkurk gks ?k nksigj ds ckn dk le;
iz-3- js[kkafdr kCnksa ds LFkku ij ,d kCn dk iz;ksx djds okD; iqu% fyf[k,A
d dqN rF; geskk jgus okys gksrs gSa] mUgsa cnyk ugha tk ldrkA
[k Mk panzk dh chekjh dk bykt ugha gks ldrk FkkA
x esjs nknkth fo.kq ds mikld FksA
?k esjs firkth nwljs nskksa ls lkeku exokus rFkk nwljs nskksa esa lkeku Hkstus dk O;kikj djrs gaSA
eksgu cgqr rst+ cqn~f/k okyk ckyd gS] gj ckr {k.kHkj esa le> ysrk gSA
iz-4- vius fe= dks mlds cM+s HkkbZ ds fookg ij u igqp ikus dk vQlksl O;Dr djrs gq, i= fyf[k,A
Module 11
/keZ p izorZu
iz-1- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,A
d cqn~/k loZizFke -------------------------- x, ogk mudh HksaV ikp fHk{kqvksa ls gqbZ tks -------------------------- ds dkuu esa
jgdj okil ykSV vk, FksA
[k laU;klh dks -------------------------- foykl vkSj -------------------------- ri] bu nksuksa ls cpdj jguk pkfg,A
x dqN le; i'pkr ex/kjkt us tc lquk fd egkRek cqn~/k -------------------------- esa i/kkjs gSaA rks os vR;ar
-------------------------- gq,A
31


?k tc -------------------------- us mnkjrkiwoZd bl Hkwfe dh izHkwr /ku&jkfk iznku dh rks ou ds Lokeh
-------------------------- dk eu Hkh cny x;kA
jktdqekj -------------------------- ik= esa ty ysdj vk,A mUgksaus -------------------------- dh Hkh ppkZ dhA
iz-2- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj nhft,A
d egkRek cqn~/k us ikpksa fHk{kqvksa dks dkSu ls vkVkafxd ekxZ crk,\
[k vaxqfyeky dks egkRek cqn~/k us D;k minsk fn;k rFkk mldk D;k izHkko iM+k\
x vkezikyh dks egkRek c`qn~/k us D;k le>k;k\
lekl
iz-3- fuEufyf[kr leLrinksa dk foxzg djds lekl dk uke fyf[k,A
d p/kj [k uhyxk; x vVk/;k;h
?k nky&Hkkr jkrksajkr p nskHkfDr
iz-4- fuEufyf[kr foxzg ds fy, leLrin rFkk lekl dk uke fyf[k,A

d xq.kksa esa ghu [k ihyk gS tks vacj x le; ds vuqlkj
?k vehj ;k xjhc pkj jkgksa dk lewg p xt ds leku gS eq[k ftldk
iz-5- fn, x, fok; ij ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k, & ukjh vkSj ukSdjh
Module 12
Hkxoku ds Mkfd,
iz-1- fuEufyf[kr in~;ka'k dks /;kkuiwoZd i<+dj uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds lgh fodYi pqudj fyf[k,&
i{kh vkSj ckny]
;s Hkxoku ds Mkfd, gSa]
tks ,d egkns'k ls
nwljs egkns'k dks tkrs gSaA
ge rks le> ugha ikrs gSa
exj mudh ykbZ fpf;k
isM+] ikS/ks] ikuh vkSj igkM+ ckprs gSaA
ge rks dsoy ;g vkdrs gSa
fd ,d ns'k dh /kjrh
nwljs ns'k dks lqxa/k Hkstrh gSA
vkSj og lkSjHk gok esa rSjrs gq,
if{k;ksa dh ik[kksa ij frjrk gq,
32


vkSj ,d ns'k dk Hkki
nwljs ns'k esa ikuh
cudj fxjrk gSA
d dfo us fdldks Hkxoku ds Mkfd, dgk gS &
i Qwyksa dh lqxa/k dks ii isM+&ikS/kkSa dks
iii i{kh vkSj ckny dks iv cknyksa dks
[k Hkxoku ds Mkfd, ,d nsk ls nwljs nsk rd D;k igqpkrs gSa\
i Mkd forj.k lsok ii n;kyq gksus dk Hkko
iii izse vksj ln~Hkkouk iv yM+kbZ djus dk lansk
x dkSu lh izkd`frd laink ^Hkxoku ds Mkfd,* n~okjk yk, x, lanskksa dks /;kuiwoZd i<+dj QSykrh gS\
i Qwy vkSj dfy;k ii ckny
iii ufn;k o >jus iv isM+&ikS/ks vkSj igkM+
?k îsM+ & ikS/ks* kCnksa esa fdl fojke fpg~u dk iz;ksx gqvk gS\
i iw.kZfojke ii ;kstd
iii vYifojke iv v/kZfojke
î{kh* 'kCn ds fy, mfpr i;kZ;okph gS &
i [kx] uHk ii fogx] uHk
iii [kx] fogx iv uHk] vpj
f;k Hksn lfgr
iz-1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ldeZd o vdeZd f;k, NkfV,A
d cPpk xgjh uhan esa lks jgk gSA [k geus edku [kjhnk gSA
x firkth ckgj x, gSaA ?k ekrkth us [khj cukbZA
cPps yM+ jgs gSaA
iz-2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa iwoZdkfyd rFkk izsj.kkFkZd f;k, NkfV,A
d ek ukSdjkuh ls diM+s /kqyok jgh gSaA [k cPpk [kkuk [kkdj lks x;kA
x jke eSp ns[kdj okil vk x;kA ?k v/;kid th i<+kdj pys x,A
firkth ikS/kksa esa ikuh Myok jgs gSaA
iz-3- fn, x, fodYiksa ls mfpr uke/kkrq f;k, cukb, &
d yTtk [k ckr x >wB ?k fQYe
iz-4- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa f;k dks js[kkafdr dj deZ ds vk/kkj ij Hksn crkb,A
d ge izfrfnu ?kweus tk,axsA [k eksgu vius HkkbZ dks lqyk jgk gSA
x firkth ckgj x, gq, gSaA ?k ekrk th us [khj cukbZ gSA
vktdy cPps i<+kbZ ij /;ku ugha nsrsA
33


vifBr xn~;ka'k
iz-1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks /;kkuiwoZd i<+dj uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds lgh fodYi pqudj fyf[k,&
lalkj esa vusd /keZ gSaA lHkh yksx vius& vius fookl ,oa vkLFkk ds vuqlkj vius&vius /keZ ds vuq;k;h gSaA
lHkh /keZ] budh ekU;rk,] jhfr&fjokt+] fookl vkfn bZoj rd igqpus ds fHkUu&fHkUu ekxZ gSaA lHkh /keZ euq;
dks lPpkbZ] bZekunkjh] ijksidkj] lnkpkj] lRlaxfr] isze] fe=rk] lg;ksx ,oa ln~Hkkouk dh izsj.kk nsrs gSaA dksbZ Hkh
/keZZ ?k`.kk] n~osk ;k dVqrk dh ckr ugha djrkA lHkh /keksZa dk xarO; ,d gSA lHkh /keksZa dh vkRek ,d gSA dqN
ladh.kZ fopkj/kkjk ds yksx vius LokFkZ ds fy, /keZ ds uke ij [kwu dh ufn;k cgkrs gaSA ;g vuqfpr gSA gesa
lHkh /keksZa dk lEeku djuk pkfg,A
d mi;qZDr xn~;kak dk mfpr khkZd nhft,A
i lalkj dk egRo ii /keZ dk egRo
iii ekU;rk, iv jhfr&fjokt
[k lHkh /keksZa dk y{; gS &
i vius&vius /keZ dks izeq[krk nsuk ii LokFkZ dks QSykuk
iii [kwu dh ufn;k cgkuk iv lnkpkj] izse] fe=rk dh izsj.kk nsuk
x ladh.kZ fopkj/kkjk ds yksx HksnHkko dh Hkkouk dSls mRiUu djrs gSa\
i izse ds n~okjk ii lHkh /keksZ dk lEeku djds
iii dVqrk dh ckr djds iv /keZ ds uke ij [kwu dh ufn;k cgkdj
?k milxZ NkfV,& ijksidkj]
i dkj ii idkj iii midkj iv ij~
Module 13
vdcjh yksVk
iz-1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;kak dks /;kuiwoZd i<+dj iwNs x, izuksa ds mkj nhft,A
ykyk viuk xqLlk ihdj ikuh ihus yxsA ml le; os Nr dh eqMsj ds ikl gh [kM+s FksA ftu cqtqx+ ksZa us ikuh
ihus ds laca/k esa ;s fu;e cuk, Fks fd [kM+s&[kM+s ikuh u fi;ks] lksrs le; ikuh u fi;ks] nkSM+us ds ckn ikuh u
fi;ks] mUgksaus irk ugha dHkh ;g Hkh fu;e cuk;k Fkk ;k ugha fd Nr dh eqM sj ds ikl [kM+s gksdj ikuh u fi;ksA
tku iM+rk gS fd bl egRRoiw.kZ fok; ij mu yksxksa us dqN ugha dgk gSA
d ikB rFkk ys[kd dk uke fyf[k,A
[k ykyk th dk D;k uke Fkk\ mUgsa fdl ckr ij xqLlk vk jgk Fkk\
x cqtqxksZa us ikuh ihus ds laca/k esa dkSu&dkSu ls fu;e cuk, Fks\
?k fn, x, kCnksa esa izR;; yxkkdj ,d&,d u;k kCn cukb,& viuk] fu;e
nks&nks i;kZ;okph kCn fyf[k, & ikuh] xqLlkA
34


iz-2- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj la{ksi esa nhft,
d fcyoklh th ds pfj= dh rhu fokskrk, fyf[k,A
[k fcyoklh th us vaxzst dks yksVk [kjhnus ds dkSu&dkSu ls dkj.k crk,\
vO;; rFkk jpukRed ys[ku
iz-1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa ls f;k foksk.k NkVdj] Hksn dk uke Hkh fyf[k,A
d bZoj loZ= gSA [k og O;FkZ cksyrk gSA
x b/kj&m/kj D;k ns[krs gks\ ?k >ViV dke djksA
FkksM+k [kkvksA
iz-2- fjDRk LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ funsZkkuqlkj dhft,A
d rqe ml ------------------------ esa D;k tkurs gks\ laca/kcks/kd n~okjk
[k ------------------------ okkZ rks gqbZ ------------------------ xjeh kkar ugha gqbZA leqPp; cks/kd n~okjk
x ------------------------ fdruh cncw gSA foLe;kfncks/kd n~okjk
?k ykyfdys ------------------------ frjaxk Qgjk jgk gSA laca/k cks/kd n~okjk
------------------------ D;k rLohj cukbZ gSA foLe;kfncks/kd n~okjk
iz-3- fkeyk dh ph&ph igkfM+;k vkSj muds chp ls tkrk ladjk yEck jkLrk ml ij vkidh xkM+h rsth ls nkSM+h tk
jgh FkhA vpkud vkius ,d O;fDr dks fpYykrs gq, lquk tks lgk;rk ds fy, fpYyk jgk FkkA kk;n dksbZ nq?kZVuk
?kVh FkhA vki mrjs] ogk rd igqps vkSj rHkh -------------------- ys[k iwjk dhft,A
Module 14
Ckqn~/kpfjr & egkifjfuokZ.k
d ------------------------ lkearksa us tc lquk fd Hkxoku cqn~/k ------------------------ ds mn~;ku esa fojkteku gSaA
[k egkeqfu ------------------------ esa ------------------------ ljksoj ds rV ij o`{k ds uhps cSBs FksA
x cqn~/k us ------------------------ ls dgk fd ------------------------ ds eYy yksxksa dks lwfpr dj nksA
?k Hkxoku cqn~/k dk tUe ------------------------ iwf.kZek dks gqvk Fkk rFkk mlh fnu mUgsa ------------------------ izkIr gqvkA
Hkxoku cqn~/k ds fiz; fk; dk uke ------------------------ Fkk mlus vius xq# dks -----------------------naMor iz.kke
fd;kA
d ekj us cqn~/k ls D;k dgk\
[k vkuan ds nq[kh gksus ij cqn~/k us mls D;k le>k;k\
x cqn~/k dh fprk esa vkx D;ksa ugha yx jgh Fkh\
35


eqgkojs] yksdksfDr;k rFkk vuqPNsn
iz-1- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ds fy, mi;qDr eqgkojs rFkk yksdksfDr;k fyf[k,A
d dk;kZy;ksa esa dke cgqr /kheh xfr ls gksrk gSA
[k ;g rks vfr ljy dke gSA
x bruk c<+k&p<+k dj D;ksa lquk jgs gks\
?k volj chrus ij iNrkuk O;FkZ gSA
tks lPpkbZ ds jkLrs ij gS] mls Mj ughaA
p nwj dh ckrsa vPNh yxrh gSaA
iz-2- fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa rFkk yksdksfDr;ksa ds okD; bl izdkj cuk, fd vFkZ LiV gks tk,A
d t+ehu vkleku ,d dj nsukA [k feV~Vh esa feyk nsukA
x ckr dk craxM+ cuk nsukA ?k /kksch dk dqkk ?kj dk u ?kkV dkA
,d vukj lkS chekj
iz-3- ôrZeku jktuhfr esa efgykvksa dk ;ksxnku* bl fok; ij vuqPNsn fyf[k,A
Module 15
lwjnkl ds in
iz-1- fuEufyf[kr in~;ka'k dks /;kkuiwoZd i<+dj uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds lgh fodYi pqudj fyf[k,&
eS;k dcfga c<S+xh pksVh\
fdrh ckj eksfg nw/k ficr HkbZ] ;g vtgw gS NksVhA
rw tks dgfr cy dh csuh T;kSa gS ykach & eksVhA
dk<+r & xqgr Ugokor tSgS] ukfxuh lh Hkqb yksVh
dkpkS nw/k fi;kor ifp&ifp] nsfr u ek[ku & jksVhA
d izLrqr in~;ka'k dh dfork vkSj dfo dk uke gS &
i /ofu] lw;Zdkar f=ikBh fujkyk ii dchj dh lkf[k;k] dchj
iii lqnkek pfjr] ujkskenkl iv lwj ds in] lwjnkl
[k d`.k us ekrk ;kksnk ls viuh pksVh ds fok; esa D;k fkdk;r dh\
i pksVh cgqr yach gSA ii pksVh cgqr eksVh gSA
iii pksVh cgqr iryh gSA iv pksVh cgqr NksVh gSA
x izLrqr in ds vuqlkj cky&d`.k dh rhu fokskrk, fyf[k,A
i yacs] eksVs vkSj 'kSrku ii Hkksys] I;kjs vkSj Lusgh
iii ks/kh] 'kSrku vkSj yM+kdw iv LokFkhZ] pkykd vkSj 'kSrku
?k mi;qZDr in~;kak dh Hkkkk gS&
i czt ii vof/k
36


iii laLd`r iv nsoukxjh
okD; fopkj rFkk i= ys[ku vukSipkfjd
iz-1- funsZ'kkuqlkj ifjorZu dhft, &
d i`Foh lw;Z ds pkjksa vksj ?kwerh gSA izukFkZd
[k og lcls >xM+k djrk gSA fuks/kkFkZd
x rqe tkrs gksA vkKkFkZd
?k jesk izFke vk;k gSA foLe;kfncks/kd
vkt okkZ gksxhA lansgkFkZd
iz-2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa mn~ns; vkSj fo/ks; NkfV,A
d Hkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h fonsk ;k=k ij tk jgs gSaA
[k ekhuksa ds /kq, us okrkoj.k nwfkr dj fn;kA
x lquhrk dk cM+k HkkbZ fonsk ls dy vk,xkA
?k ihyh lkM+h iguh efgyk us lekjksg esa e/kqj xhr xk;kA
et+nwj isM+ dkV jgk gSA
iz-3- lekt esa gks jgh cqtqxksZa dh gR;k ls voxr djkrs gq, rFkk le>krs gq, vius nknkth dks i= fyf[k,A
Module 16
iz-1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;kak dks i<+dj iwNs x, izuksa ds mkj fyf[k,A
eSaus ml daiuh ds fgLlsnkj dh rjQ+ igyh ckj Jn~/kkHkko ls ns[kkA og Vk;jksa dh gkyr tkurs gaS fQj Hkh tku
gFksyh ij ysdj blh cl ls lQj dj jgs gSaA mRlxZ dh ,slh Hkkouk nqyHZ k gSA lkspk] bl vkneh ds lkgl vkSj
cfynku Hkkouk dk lgh mi;ksx ugha gks jgk gSA bls rks fdlh kafrdkjh vkanksyu dk usrk gksuk pkfg,A vxj cl
ukys esa fxj tkrh vkSj ge lc ej tkrs rks nsork ckg ilkjs mldk bartkj djrsA
d ikB rFkk ys[kd dk uke fyf[k,A
[k ys[kd us fdlds ckjs esa rFkk D;k lkspk\
x js[kkafdr iafDr dk vkk; LiV dhft,A
?k xn~;kak ls ,d eqgkojk NkV dj mldk okD; iz;ksx dhft,A
iz-2- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj fyf[k,A
d cl dks ns[kdj ys[kd ds eu esa D;k fopkj meM+s\
[k ys[kd us cl dh rqyuk lfou; voKk vkanksyuksa ls D;ksa dh\
x ys[kd us cl dh rqyuk o`n~/kk ls djrs gq, D;k dgk\
37


i= vkSipkfjd] vukSipkfjd
iz-1- Mkfd, ds nqO;Zogkj dh fkdk;r djrs gq, vius {ks= ds Mkdiky dks i= fyf[k,A
iz-2- vius fe= dks okf"kZd ijh{kk ds fy, kqHkdkeuk, nsrs gq, i= fyf[k,A
Module 17
Cqkn~/kpfjr iqujko`fk
d Hkxoku cqn~/k ds minskksa dks laxzg djus dk Hkkj fdls lkSaik x;k vkSj D;ksa\
[k os.kqou esa nh{kk fdlus nh vkSj D;ksa\
x cqn~/k iwf.kZek D;ksa eukbZ tkrh gSA
?k vkezikyh dkSu Fkh\ cqn~/k ls mldh HksaV dgk gqbZ\
d cqn~/k dh vfLFk;ksa dks ------------------------------ esa j[kk x;kA bu vokskksa dks --------------------------------- Hkkxksa esa ckVk
x;kA
[k vafre lansk nsdj lR; ds ------------------------------ vkSj lk/kuk esa e/;e ekxZ ds izorZd egkRek cqn~/k
------------------------------ ds vFkkg lkxj esa foyhu gks x,A
x cqn~/k us vius ------------------------------ /keZ esa ------------------------------ lfgr ikpksa fHk{kqvksa rFkk vU; eqfu;ksa dks
nhf{kr fd;kA
?k ------------------------------ dks idM+us ds fy, ------------------------------ us lSfud rSukr dj fn,A
i=&vuqPNsn ys[ku
iz-1- vius fon~;ky; dh iz/kkukpk;kZ dks kqYd ekQ+h ds fy, izkFkZuk i= fyf[k,A
iz-2- NksVs HkkbZ dks le; dk ego crkrs gq, i= fyf[k,A
iz-3 îzkd`frd lalk/ku dk c<+rk nq#i;ksx* fok; ij vuqPNsn fyf[k,A
Module 18
okf"kZd ijh{kk ds ikB~;e dh iqujko`fk
38


vkn'kZ izu&i= okfkZd ijh{kk
funsZk %&
;fn ge fujarj iz;Ru djsxa s rks fup; gh vius lHkh y{;ksa dkss izkIr dj ysaxs fdarq izk;% ns[kk tkrk gS fd
vf/kd vkkkoknh yksx FkksM+k lk iz;Ru djds vf/kd Qy dh dkeuk djrs gS vkSj euksokafNa r Qy izkIr u gksus ij
fujkk gks tkrs gaSA vr% thou es lQyrk izkIr djus ds fy, ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds le{k ?kqVus u Vsdas] cfYd fgEer
ls mudk eqdkcyk djsaA ;kn j[ksa ftruk dBksj gekjk iz;Ru gksxk mldk Qy mruk gh ehBk gksxkA
d y{; izkfaIr ds fy, D;k fd;k tkuk pkfg,\ 1
i vkkk NksM+ ns ii eqdkcyk u djsa iii fujkkk gks tk, iv fujarj iz;Ru djsa
[k thou esa lQyrk dSls izkIr djuh pkfg,\ 1
i gkj ekudj ii FkksM+k lk iz;Ru dj
iii ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds le{k ?kqVus Vsddj iv ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds le{k ?kqVus u Vsddj
x vkkkoknh yksxksa dh D;k fokskrk gksrh gS\ 1
i fujk'k gks tkrs gS ii ?kqVus Vsd nsrs gSa
iii LokFkhZ gks tkrs gSa
iv FkksM+ lk iz;Ru djds vf/kd Qy dh dkeuk djrs gSa
?k eqgkojk NkVdj fy[ksa & 1
i fujarj iz;Ru djuk ii ?kqVus u Vsduk
iii Qy dh dkeuk djuk iv fujk'k gksuk
mi;qZDr xn~;kak dk mfpr khkZd gS & 1
i y{; izkfIr ii eqdkcyk
iii iz;Ru iv vkkkoknh ds ?kqVus
p ^lQyrk* 'kCn esa izR;; gS & 1
i Qy ii yrk iii rk iv l
N êhBk* dk foykse gS & 1
i dBksj ii [kV~Vk iii dM+ok iv uedhu
t îz;Ru* dk i;kZ;okph gS & 1
39


i Qy ii dkeuk iii fu'p; iv dksf'k'k
> ^fgEer* dk lgh o.kZ foPNsn gS & 1
i g~ $ b $ e~ $ e~ $ r~ $ vk ii g~ $ bZ $ e~ $ e $ r~ $ v
iii g~ $ b $ e~ $ e~ $ v $ r~ $ v iv g $ b $ e~ $ r~ $ v
fujarj 'kCn dk vFkZ gS & 1
i dksf'k'k ii yxkrkj iii fgEer iv le{k
iz-2- ijh{kk ds fnu esjh uhan ls vk[k nsj ls [kqyh] tc eSa ijh{kk Hkou igqpk rc --------- jpukRed ys[ku iw.kZ
dhft, 5
vFkok
orZeku ;qx esa ekuo&thou ij ^baVjusV dk c<+rk izHkko* fok; ij vuqPNsn fyf[k,A
iz-3- vius fon~;ky; dh vksj ls ^foo iqLrd esyk izxfr eSnku* ns[kus tkus dh vuqefr gsrq iz/kkukpk;kZ dks i=
fyf[k,A 5
vFkok
c<+rh gqbZ lM+d nq?kZVukvksa ls voxr djkrs gq,] vius NksVs HkkbZ dks /;kuiwoZd pyus dk funsZk nsrs gq, i=
fyf[k,A
iz-4- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj dksBd esas fn, funsZkksa dks i<+dj nhft,A
d gkFk] cM+cM+ uke /kkrq f;k cukb, 2
[k tks de [kpZ djs] tkuus dh bPNk j[kusokyk vusd kCnksa ds fy, ,d kCn fy[ksa 2
x jke rst+h ls pksj ds ihNs HkkxkA f;k foksk.k NkVdj Hksn dk uke Hkh fyf[k, 1
?k dkenso] i{kh nks&nks i;kZ;okph kCn fyf[k, 2
vfro`fV] nqjkxzg foykse kCn fyf[k, 2
iz-5- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds funsZkkuqlkj mkj nhft,A
d cPps nkSM+ jgs gSaA deZ ds vk/kkj ij f;k ds Hksn crkb, f;k js[kkafdr 2
jke Qy [kkrk gSA djrs gq,
[k uhydaB] iatkc leLrinksa dk foxzg djds lekl dk uke crkb,A 2
x fpfM+;k dks ekjus okyk] ty vkSj ok;q leLr in cukb, 2
?k dku dk dPpk] eqgkojs o yksdksfDr ds okD; iz;ksx dhft, 2
eku u eku eSa rsjk esgeku
lq $ vPN] ;Fkk $ mfpr laf/k dhft, 2
p okfkZdksRlo] O;kdqy laf/k fofPNsn dhft, 2
40


N eksrhyky dk HkkbZ ghjkyky fonsk x;k gSA mn~ns;] fo/ks; NkfV, 1
iz-6- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ mfpr vO;; ls dhft,A 2
d -------------------------------- yksxksa dh HkhM+ tek gSA
[k lnhZ -------------------------------- og fBBqj jgk FkkA
x -------------------------------- D;k fp= cuk;kA
?k i<+ yks -------------------------------- Qsy gks tkvksxAs
iz-7- dksBd esa fn, x, Hksn ds vuqlkj okD; ifjofrZr dhft,A 2
d jke cgqr n;kyq gSA foLe;kfnokpd okD;
[k ?kaVh cth vkSj Nk= pys x,A lansgkFkZd okD;
iz-8- fuEufyf[kr in~;kak dks i<+dj fn, x, izuksa ds mkj nhft, &
ge rks dsoy ;g vkdrs gSa
fd ,d ns'k dh /kjrh
nwljs ns'k dks lqxa/k Hkstrh gSA
vkSj og lkSjHk gok esa rSjrs gq,
if{k;ksa dh ik[kksa ij frjrk gS
vkSj ,d ns'k dk Hkki
nwljs ns'k esa ikuh
cudj fxjrk gSA
d izLrqr in~;ka'k ds dfo vkSj dfork dk uke gS & 1
i /ofu] lw;Zdkar f=ikBh fujkyk ii Hkxoku ds Mkfd,] jke/kkjh flag ^fnudj*
iii lqnkek pfjr] ujkskenkl iv lwj ds in] lwjnkl
[k ,d ns'k dh /kjrh nwljs ns'k dks Hkstrh gS & 1
i gok ii Hkki iii ikuh iv lqxa/k
x ,d ns'k dk Hkki nwljs ns'k esa D;k cudj fxjrk gS & 1
i ikuh ii isM+ iii igkM+ iv ikS/kk
?k ^lqxa/k* dk foykse gS & 1
i xa/k ii nqxZa/k iii lqxaf/k iv lqqanjrk
?k îk[kksa* dk vFkZ gS & 1
i if{k;ksa ii isM+kas iii ikS/kkas iv ia[kksa
?k ^ns'k* 'kCn esa milxZ yxkus ls curk gS & 1
i ns'kh ii fons'kh iii fons'k iv ns'kt
41


,d fnu esjs th esa vk;k fd eSa leqnz ds ij rks cgqr ?kwe pqdh gw] Hkhrj pydj Hkh ns[kuk pkfg, fd D;k
gS\ bl dk;Z ds fy, eSaus xgjs tkuk izkjaHk dj fn;kA ekxZ esa eSaus fofp=&fofp= tho ns[ksA eSaus vR;ar /khjs&/khjs
jsaxus okys ?kksa?ks] tkyhnkj eNfy;k] dbZ&dbZ eu Hkkjh dNqos vkSj gkFkksaokyh eNfy;k ns[khaA ,d eNyh ,slh ns[kh
tks euq"; ls dbZ xquk yach FkhA mlds vkB gkFk FksA og bu gkFkksa ls vius f'kdkj dks tdM+ ysrh FkhA
[k ;gk fdlds vkus dh ckr dh xbZ gS vkSj D;k ckr gS\ 2
x ikuh ds vanj D;k&D;k ns[kk x;k gS\ 2
?k vFkZ fy[ksa & fofp=] tho 1
iz-10- fuEufyf[kr izuksa esa ls fdUgha rhu ds mkj nhft, & 3 3 9
d dfo us i{kh vkSj ckny dks Hkxoku ds Mkfd, D;ksa dgk gS\
[k fcyoklh th us #i;ksa dk izca/k dSls o dgk ls fd;k Fkk\
x Jh d`.k viuh pksVh ds fok; esa D;k&D;k lksp jgs Fks\
?k cl dks ns[kdj ys[kd ds eu esa D;k fopkj meM+ iMs+\
iz-11- ikB o ys[kd dk uke fy[krs gq, vkk; LiV dhft, & 2 2 4
d ykyk >kyky us nks vkSj nks tksM+ fLFkfr dks le> fy;kA
[k eSus ml daiuh ds fgLlsnkj dh rjQ igyh ckj Jn~/kk Hkko ls ns[kkA
iz-12- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj ^cqn~/k pfjr* iqLrd ds vk/kkj ij nhft,A 15 5
d dkSky dh jkt/kkuh dk D;k uke Fkk\ [kos.kqou esa ?kaVk Vkxus dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\
x egkRek cqn~/k dk vafre fk; dkSu Fkk\ ?kcqn~/k iwf.kZek D;ksa eukbZ tkrh gS\
cqn~/k dks feyus okyk dqy iq= dkSu Fkk\
iz-13- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,A 3
d -------------------- lkearksa us lquk fd Hkxoku cqn~/k -------------------- ds mn~;ku esa fojkteku gSaA
[k -------------------- dks idM+us ds fy, -------------------- us lSfud rSukr dj fn,A
x cqn~/k us -------------------- ls dgk fd -------------------- ds eYy yksxksa dks lwfpr dj nksA
iz-14- fdlus] fdlls dgk & 2
d vki rks eq>s nh?kZdky ls tkurs gSaA
[k cgqr fnuksa igys rqe ?kj ls fudys FksA
42


gy lfgr
funsZk %&
iqLrdksa dk ego rFkk ewY; jRuksa ls Hkh vf/kd gS D;ksafd jRu ckgjh ped&ned fn[kkrs gSa] tcfd iqLrdsa n;
dks mTToy djrh gSaA vPNh iqLrdsa euq; dks i'kq ls nsork cukrh gSaA mldh lkfRod o`fk;ksa dks tkxzr dj] mls
iFk&HkzV gksus ls cpkrh gSaA JsB iqLrdsa euq;] lekt rFkk jkV~ dk ekxZ&nkZu djrh gSaA iqLrdksa dk gekjs
eu&efLrd ij LFkk;h izHkko iM+rk gSA
d iqLrdksa dks jRuksa ls Hkh vf/kd ewY;oku D;ksa ekuk x;k gSa\ 1
i iqLrdas ped&ned fn[kkrh gSa ii i'kq dks euq"; cukrh gSa
iii iqLrdas jkstxkj fnykrh gSa iv eu efLr"d ij izHkko ugha Mkyrh
[k vPNh iqLrdsa ekuo thou esa D;k ifjorZu ykrh gSa\ 1
i i'kq dks euq"; cukrh gSa ii euq"; dks i'kq cukrh gSa
iii euq"; dks lk/kq cukrh gSa iv euq"; dks i'kq ls nsork cukrh gSa
x jkV~ vkSj lekt ds fuekZ.k esa JsB iqLrdksa dh D;k Hkwfedk gS\ 1
i euq";] lekt rFkk jk"V dk ekxZ n'kZu djrh gSa
ii Js"B iqLrdksa dh fch c<+ tkrh gS
iii euq";] i'kq vkSj jk"V dk ekxZ n'kZu djrh gSa
iv n; dks ihfM+r djrh gS
?k iqLrdksa dk egRRo fdlls vf/kd gS & 1
i n; ls ii jRuksa ls iii euq"; ls iv lekt ls
Js"B 'kCn dk vFkZ gS & 1
i LFkk;h ii mTToy iii vPNh iv mke
p lekt vkSj jkV esa izR;; yxkdj lgh 'kCn pqfu, & 1
43


i lekftd jk"V ii jk"Vh;] lekt
iii lkekftdrk] jk"Vh;rk iv lkekftd] jk"Vh;
N mi;ZqDr xn~;kak dk mi;qDZ r khkZd fyf[k,A 1
i iqLrdksa dk egRro ii jRuksa dk egRro
iii eu&efLr"d ij izHkko iv mTToy n;
t ^lkfRod* 'kCn dk foykse gS & 1
i tkx`fr ii rkefld iii o`fk;k iv rel
> izHkko 'kCn esa milxZ gS & 1
i Hkko ii o iii iz iv izHkk
mTToy dk lgh o.kZ foPNsn gS & 1
i m $ t~ $ t~ $ o~ $ y
ii m $ t~ $ t $ o~ $ y~ $ v
iii m $ t~ $ t~ $ o~ $ v $ y~ $ v
iv $ t~ $ t~ $ o~ $ y
iz-2- okkZ ds fnu Fks] eSa vkSj esjh NksVh cgu ckt+kj ?kweus x, vpkud rst vk/kh vkbZ] eq>s dqN fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgk
Fkk] esjh vk[ks [kqyh rks eSa gSjku jg xbZ vkSj eSus ns[kk ----------- jpukRed ys[k iw.kZ dhft, 5
vFkok
e/kqj opu gS vkSkf/k bl fok; ij vuqPNsn fyf[k,A
iz-3- vius fon~;ky; esa [ksy dk lkeku miyC/k djkus gsrq viuh iz/kkukpk;kZ dks i=
fyf[k,A 5
vFkok
lekt esa c<+rs gq, HkzVkpkj ds ckjs esa crkrs gq, rFkk le>krs gq, NksVh cgu dks i= fyf[k,A
iz-4- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds mkj dksBd esas fn, funsZkksa dks i<+dj nhft,A
d jax] >wB uke /kkrq f;k cukb, 2
[k gkFk ls fy[kk gqvk] 'kj.k esa vk;k gqvk vusd kCnksa ds fy, ,d kCn fyf[k, 2
x cPps /;kuiwoZd i<+rs gSaA fdz;k foksk.k NkVdj Hksn dk uke Hkh fyf[k, 1
?k vkjksg] vuqjDr foykse kCn fyf[k, 2
gkFkh] igkM+ nks&nks i;kZ;okph kCn fyf[k,A 2
44


iz-5- fuEufyf[kr izuksa ds funsZkkuqlkj mkj nhft,A
d cPps fdzdsV [ksyrs gSSaA f;k js[kkafdr djrs gq, deZ ds vk/kkj ij fdz;k ds Hksn crkb, 2
[k vke dk isM+ [kM+k gSA
x leLrinksa esa foxzg djds lekl dk uke crkb,A 2
nkkuu] nky&jksVh
?k e`x ds leku us=ks okyh] m|ksx dk ifr leLr in cukb, 1
eqgkojs o yksdksfDr dk okD; iz;ksx dhft,A 2
nky esa dqN dkyk gksuk] ftldh ykBh mldh HkSal
p pUnz $ mn;] er $ vuqlkj laf/k dhft, 2
N mi;qZDr ] egkSk/k laf/k foPNsn dhft, 2
t ckyd ,dyO; us viuk vxwBk nzks.kkpk;Z dks xq# nf{k.kk esa ns fn;kA mn~ns';] fo/ks; NkfV;sa 1
iz-6- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ mfpr vO;; ls dhft,A 2
d isM+ --------------------------------- Nk;k dk vkuan yksA
[k ?kj --------------------------------- ,d cxhpk gSA
x xehZZ --------------------------------- cqjk gky gSA
?k --------------------------------- rqe vk x, A
iz-7- dksBd esa fn, x, okD; ds Hksn ds vuqlkj okD; ifjofrZr dhft,A 2
d mlus [kkuk [kk;k vkSj og lks x;kA ljy okD;
[k ge bl okZ ?kweus tk,xsaA lansgkFkZd okD;
iz-8- fuEufyf[kr in~;kak dks i<+dj fn, x, izuksa ds mkj nhft, &
rsjSa yky esjks ek[ku [kk;kSA
nqigj fnol tkfu ?kj lwuks] <wf<+&<+<+ksfj vkifg vk;kS
[kksfy fdokfj iSfB efUnj eSa] nw/k&ngh lc lf[ku [kok;kS
[ky pf<+ lhads dkS yhUgkS] vuHkkor Hkqb eSa <jdk;kS
d izLrqr in~;ka'k ds dfo rFkk dfork dk uke gS & 1
i dchj] dchj dh lkf[k;k ii jke/kkjh flag ^fnudj*] Hkxoku ds Mkfd,
iiilwjnkl] lwj ds in iv ujkskenkl] lqnkek pfjr
[k Xokfyu d`.k dh D;k fkdk;r djrh gSa\ 1
i d`".k ek[ku [kk tkrk gS ii i vkSj iii nksuksa
iiinw/k ih tkrk gS iv Xokyksa ds lax [ksyrk gS
45


x ^yky* dk i;kZ;okph 'kCn gS 1
iiq= ii ykyk iii firk iv Xokyk
?k [ky ij p<+dj d`".k D;k ysus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS & 1
ijksVh ii nw/k iii lhads dks iv cklqjh
d`".k fnu izfrfnu fdldh gkfu djrk gS & 1
i[ky dh ii jksVh dh iii xksjl dh iv ek[ku dh
p ^fnol* dk foykse 'kCn gS & 1
ifnu ii eafnj iii ?kj iv jkf=
eSaus ml daiuh ds fgLlsnkj dh rjQ+ igyh ckj Jn~/kkHkko ls ns[kkA og Vk;jksa dh gkyr tkurs gSa fQj Hkh tku
gFksyh ij ysdj blh cl ls lQj dj jgs gSaA mRlxZ dh ,slh Hkkouk nqyZHk gSA lkspk bl vkneh ds lkgl vkSj
cfynku Hkkouk dk lgh mi;ksx ugha gks jgk gSA bls rks fdlh kafrdkjh vkanksyu dk usrk gksuk pkfg,A vxj cl
ukys esa fxj tkrh vkSj ge lc ej tkrs rks nsork ckg ilkjs mldk bartkj djrsA
[k ys[kd us fdlds ckjs esa rFkk D;k lkspk\ 2
x xn~;kak ls ,d eqgkojk NkV dj mldk okD; iz;ksx dhft,A 2
?k ^nqyZHk* 'kCn dk foykse fy[ksa & 1
iz-10- fuEufyf[kr izuksa esa ls fdUgha rhu ds mkj nhft, & 3 3 9
d leqnz ds rV ij cls uxjksa esa vf/kd BaM vkSj vf/kd xjeh D;ksa ugha iM+rh\
[k ^^,d ns'k dh /kjrh nwljs ns'k dks lqxa/k Hkstrh gS**& bl dFku ls dfo dk D;k vk'k; gS\
x vaxzst us ;g iqjkuk yksVk D;ksa [kjhn fy;k\
?k rSa gh iwr vuks[kks tk;kS iafDr esa Xokfyu ds eu esa dkSu&dkSu ls Hkko eq[kfjr gks jgs gSa\
iz-11- ikB o ys[kd dk uke fy[krs gq, vkk; LiV dhft, & 2 2 4
d ^^mRlxZ dh ,slh Hkkouk nqyZHk gS**
[k vius osx esa mYdk dks ytkrk gqvk og vk[kksa ls vks>y gks x;kA
iz-12- fuEufyf[kr izuksas ds mkj nhft, & 1 5 5
d cqn~/k dh fprk esa vkx D;ksa ugha yx jgh Fkh\
[k egkRek cqn~/k ds minsk dk vaxqfyeky ij D;k vlj iM+k\
x cqn~/k ds vokskksa dks fdrus Hkkxksa esa ckVk x;k\
?k cqn~/k ds ikfFkZo kjhj dks dgk ys x,\
ekj us cqn~/k ls D;k dgk\
46


iz-13- fjDr LFkku Hkfj, & 1 3 3
d Hkxoku cqn~/k dk tUe --------------------------------- iwf.kZek dks gqvk Fkk rFkk mlh fnu mUgsa
--------------------------------- izkIr gqvkA
[k tc --------------------------------- us Hkwfe dh izHkwr /kujkfk iznku dhA ou dk Lokeh --------------- FkkA
x jktdqekj --------------------------------- ik= esa ty ysdj vk,A mUgksaus --------------------------------- dh Hkh ppkZ dhA
iz-14- fdlus] fdlls dgk & 2
d eSa viuh izfrKk iwjh dj pqdk gwA vkt ls rhljs ekl eSa fuokZ.k izkIr d:xkA
[k vki rks eq>s nh?kZdky ls tkurs gSaA
47


gy
m1 ifBr xn~;kak
mkj d i'kq dks euq"; cukrh gSa [keuq"; dks i'kq ls nsork cukrh gSa
x euq";] lekt rFkk jk"V dk ekxZ n'kZu djrh gSa ?kjRuksa ls
mke plkekftdrk] jk"Vh;rk
N iqLrdksa dk egRro trkefld
> iz m $ t~ $ t~ $ o~ $ v $ y~ $ v
m2
euq; e/kqjHkkkh izk.kh gSA e/kqj Hkkkk us mls lkekftd izk.kh cuk fn;kA euq; gh ,slk izk.kh gS tks cksydj
viuh Hkkoukvksa dks izdV dj ldrk gSA ok.kh n~okjk ge nwljs yksxksa dks izHkkfor dj ldrs gSaA LokHkkfod
e/kqj ok.kh ls viuk fe= cuk ldrs gSaA e/kqj opu esa cM+h kfDr gksrh gSA blds foijhr dM+os cksyksa esa
foukk dk fok gksrk gSA dBksj opu lqudj nwljs yksx k=q cu tkrs gSaA k=q cukus dk dk;Z foukk&dk;Z gh
gksrk gSA okLro esa e/kqj opu ls k=q Hkh l[kk cu tkrs gSaA e/kqj Hkkkk esy&feyki vkSj izse ls ifjiw.kZ
gksrh gSA e/kqjHkkkh O;fDr lcdk fiz; cu tkrk gSA blls O;fDr dk LoHkko kkafrfiz; gks tkrk gS vkSj og
lcdk lEeku djus okyk fkV iq#k cu tkrk gSA blds foijhr dM+os opu ls O;fDr vgadkjh vkSj vfkV
gks tkrk gSA ml O;fDr dks dksbZ ilan ugha djrkA lc mlls nwj jgrs gSaA vr% gesa e/kqj opu cksyus dh
vknr Mkyuh pkfg, D;ksafd ;g lQyrk vkSj yksdfiz;rk dh dqath gSA
m3
lsok esa]
iz/kkukpk;kZ th
fnYyh ifCYkd Ldwy
bfUnjkiqje] xkft+;kckn
fok;% [ksy dk lkeku miyC/k djkus gsrq izkFkZuk i=A
egksn;k]
eSa fon~;ky; ds [ksy izfrfuf/k ds :i esa lHkh fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh vksj ls uez fuosnu djrk gqvk fon~;ky; esa
[ksy ds lkeku dh vuqiyC/krk ls vkidks voxr djkuk pkgrk gwA
48


[ksy ds ?kaVs esa rFkk fon~;ky; yxus ls igys vkSj ckn esa ge cPps [ksyuk pkgdj Hkh lkeku dh deh ds
dkj.k [ksy ugha ikrs gSaA bl laca/k esa [ksy v/;kid viuh vleFkZrk O;Dr djrs gSaA vr% vkils vuqjks/k gS
fd [ksy v/;kidksa ls lgh fLFkfr vkSj vko;drk tkudj ;Fkkkh?kz ge fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks [ksy dk lkeku
miyC/k djk,A ge lHkh vkids vkHkkjh jgsaxsA
/kU;okn lfgr
vkidk vkKkdkjh
d- [k- x-
[ksy izfrfuf/k
3 tuojh 2011
m4
d jaxuk] >qBykuk [kgLrfyf[kr] 'kj.kkxr
x /;kuiwoZd & jhfrokpd f;k foksk.k ?kvojksg] fojDr
i gLrh] xt ii fxfj] ioZr Nfxfj] ioZr
m5
d i [ksyrs gSa & ldeZd f;k ii [kM+k gS & vdeZd f;k
[k nl gS vkuu ftlds vFkkZr~ jko.k & cgqozhfg lekl
nky vkSj jksVh & n~oan~o lekl
x e`xu;uh] mn~;ksxifr
?k lansg gksuk & lqjsk us jkeyky ds lkFk lk>snkjh rks dj yh ysfdu n+rj ds dkeksa dks ns[kdj mls nky
esadqN dkyk fn[kkbZ fn;kA
kfDrkkyh O;fDr dh fot; gksrh gS & jke xyr dk;Z djds Hkh ;ke ij t+ksj&t+ksj ls fpYykdj nckus
dk iz;kl dj jgk FkkA ;g rks ogh ckr gqbZ ftldh ykBh mldh
HkSalA
panzksn;] erkuqlkj
p mifj $ mDr] egk $ vkSk/k
N mn~ns; & ckyd ,dyO; us] fo/ks; & viuk vxwBk nzks.kkpk;kZ dks xq# nf{k.kk esa ns fn;kA
m6
d isM+ ds uhps Nk;k dk vkuan yksA [k ?kj ds ihNs ,d cxhpk gSA
x xehZZ ds ekjs cqjk gky gSA ?k vjs! rqe vk x, A
m7
d og [kkuk [kk dj lks x;kA [k kk;n ge bl okZ ?kweus tk,xsA
49


m8
mkj d lwj ds in] lwjnkl [k i vkSj iii nksuksa
x iq= ?k lhdsa dks
iq= p xksjl dh
N jkf=
m9
d ikB dk uke & cl dh ;k=k
ys[kd dk uke& gfjkadj ijlkbZ
[k ys[kd us cl&daiuh ds fgLlsnkj ds ckjs esa J)kiwoZd lkspk fd os bruh ttZj cl esa tku gFksyh ij j[kdj
lQ+j dj jgs gSa] mUgsa rks fdlh kafrdkjh vkanksyu dk usrk gksuk pkfg,A
x tku gFksyh ij ysdj pyuk& nskHkDr viuh tku gFksyh ij ysdj pyrs gSa vkSj fdlh Hkh foifk ls Vdjk
tkrs gSaA
?k lqyHk
m10
d leqnz esa ekStwn ty vius vkl&ikl ds LFkkuksa dh tyok;q dks izHkkfor djrk gSA ty vius vkl&ikl dk
rkieku u vf/kd c<+us nsrk gS vkSj u vf/kd ?kVus nsrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd leqnz ds rV ij cls uxjksa
esa vf/kd BaM vkSj vf/kd xehZ ugha iM+rh gSA
[k izLrqr iafDr ls dfo ;g dguk pkgrs gSa fd izd`fr ds fy, lHkh euq"; leku gSaA vius&ijk, dh Hkkouk rks
euq"; j[krs gSaA izd`fr rks euq"; dks ,d leku n`f"V ls ns[krh gSA og izse] ,drk ,oa ln~Hkko dh lans'k
:ih lqxa/k nwljs ns'k dks Hkh Hkstrh gS ftlls izR;sd euq"; esa euq";rk dk fodkl gksA
x ykyk >kyky dh iRuh us muls <kbZ lkS #Ik, dh ekx dh rks os foifk esa Ql x,A mUgksaus vius fe=
fcyoklh feJ ls viuh leL;k crkbZA fcyoklh feJ us ,d lk/kkj.k&ls yksVs dks ^vdcjh yksVk* crkdj
mldh efgek dk ,slk xq.kxku fd;k fd vaxzst cgqr izHkkfor gqvkA mlus mls vdcj dk ,sfrgkfld yksVk
le>dj [kjhn fy;kA
?k bl iafDr esa O;aX; vkSj mikyaHk ds Hkko izdV gks jgs gSaA xksfi;k d`.k dh kSrkfu;ksa ls ijskku gks pqdh gSaA
os ;kksnk dks mykguk nsrh gSaA os fkdk;r djrh gSa vkSj mu ij O;aX; Hkh djrh gSaA ijskku gksdj os ;kksnk
ls dgrh gSa fd rqEgkjk gh iq= vuks[kk iSnk gqvk gS] tks jkst+ uqdlku djrk jgrk gSA vU; fdlh dk iq= rks
bl izdkj nwljksa ds ?kj tkdj mRikr ugha epkrkA
m11d ikB dk uke & cl dh ;k=k ys[kd dk uke & gfjkadj ijlkbZ
50


izfln~/k O;aX;dkj gfjkadj ijlkbZ n~okjk jfpr bu iafDr;ksa dk vkk; ;g gS fd cfynku gksus ds tSlh Hkkouk
mUgksaus cl&daiuh ds fgLlsnkj esa ns[kh] oSlh Hkkouk feyuh dfBu gSA os fdrus egku gaS tks dsoy ,d Vk;j
ds fy, vius izk.k ns ldrs gSaA
[k ikB dk uke & vdcjh yksVk ys[kd dk uke & vUuiw.kkZuan oekZ
mYdk vkdkkh; fi.M gksrk gS tks pedrk gS u{k= ;k xzg Hkh pedrs gS fdUrq mYdk tyrk gqvk fiaM /kjrh
ij fxj tkrk gSA mlh izdkj og yksVk mYdk ds leku yq<+drk gqvk vk[kksa ls nwj gks x;kA
m12d cqn~/k ds fiz; fk; dk;Ik vHkh ekxZ esa gh FksA mUgha ds vHkko esa fprk esa vkx ugha yx ik jgh FkhA
[k vaxqfyeku gR;k tSls vijk/k R;kx dj mudk fk; cu x;kA
x cqn~/k ds vokskksa dks vkB Hkkxksa esa ckVk x;kA
?k ekdqr ca/ku
vki cgqrksa dk mn~/kkj dj pqds gSa vc fuokZ.k izkIr dhft,A
m13d Hkxoku cqn~/k dk tUe oSkk[k iwf.kZek dks gqvk Fkk rFkk mlh fnu mUgsa cqn~/kRo izkIr gqvkA
[k tc lqnRr us Hkwfe dh izHkwr /kujkfk iznku dhA ou dk Lokeh tsrou FkkA
x jktdqekj vtkrk=q ik= esa ty ysdj vk,A mUgksaus iapkhyksa dh Hkh ppkZ dhA
m14d cqn~/k us ekj ls dgkA [k cqn~/k us fk;ksa ls dgkA
51


fuEufyf[kr xn~;kakksa dks i<+dj fn, x, izuksa ds mkj nhft, &
vifBr xn~;ka'k 01
leLr xzaFkksa ,oa Kkuh] vuqHkoh tuksa dk dguk gS fd thou ,d deZ{ks= gSA gesa deZ ds fy, thou feyk gSA
dfBukb;k ,oa nq%[k vkSj dV gekjs k=q gSa] ftudk gesa lkeuk djuk gS vkSj muds fo#) la?kkZ djds gesa
fot;h cuuk gS vaxzst+h ds ;kLoh ukVddkj ksDlih;j us Bhd gh dgk gS fd ^^dk;j viuh e`R;q ls iwoZ vusd
ckj e`R;q dk vuqHko dj pqds gksrs gSa fdarq ohj ,d ls vf/kd ckj dHkh ugha ejrs gSaA**
foo ds izk;% leLr egkiq#kksa ds thou&o`k] vejhdk ds fuekZrk tktZ okfkaxVu vkSj jkVifr vczkge fyadu ls
ysdj Hkkjr ds jkVfirk egkRek xk/kh vkSj Hkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h yky cgknqj kkL=h ds thou&pfj= gesa ;g fk{kk
nsrs gSa fd egkurk dk jgL; la?kkZkhyrk] vijkts; O;fDrRo gSA bu egkiq#kksa dks thou esa vusd ladVksa dk
lkeuk djuk iM+k ijarq os ?kcjk, ugha] la?kkZ djrs jgs vkSj var esa lQy gq,A la?kkZ ds ekxZ esa vdsyk gh
pyuk iM+rk gSA dksbZ ckgjh kfDr lgk;rk ugha djrh gSA ifjJe] n`<+ bPNk&kfDr o yxu vkfn ekuoh; xq.k
O;fDr dks la?kkZ djus vkSj thou esa lQyrk izkIr djus dk ekxZ izkLr djrs gSA
d bl vuqPNsn dk mi;qDr khkZd nhft, &
i thou&,d deZ{ks= ii lQyrk dk jgL; iii la?kkZ vkSj lQyrk iv c<+rs pyks
[k ^vijkts;* dk foykse gS &
i ijkts; ii ijkftr iii vt; iv vts;
x vuqHkoh tuksa dk dguk gS fd thou ,d deZ{ks= gS & js[kkafdr kCn gS &
i leqPp;ckss/kd ii laca/kcks/kd iii fuikr iv f;kfoksk.k
?k ;g ikB vkidks D;k izsj.kk nsrk gS\
i la?kkZ dh ii deZ dh iii kkafr dh iv ekSt&eLrh dh
ohj ,d ls vf/kd ckj dHkh ugha ejrs & dk vkk; gS &
i ohj ,d ckj gh ejrs gS ii ohj igyh ckj ej tkrs gSa
iii ohj ej&ej dj ugha thrs iv ohj vej gks tkrs gSa
vifBr xn~;ka'k 02
lalkj ds lHkh nskksa esa fkf{kr O;fDr dh lcls igyh igpku ;g gksrh gS fd og viuh ekr`Hkkkk esa n{krk ls
dke dj ldrk gSA dsoy Hkkjr gh ,d nsk gS ftlesa fkf{kr O;fDr og le>k tkrk gS tks viuh ekr`Hkkkk esa
n{k gks ;k ugha] fadarq vaxzst+h esa ftldh n{krk vlafnX/k gksA lalkj ds vU; nskksa esa lqlaLd`r O;fDr og le>k
tkrk gS ftlds ?kj esa viuh Hkkkk dh iqLrdksa dk laxzg gks vkSj ftls cjkcj ;g irk jgs fd mldh Hkkkk ds
vPNs ys[kd vkSj dfo dkSu gSa rFkk le;≤ ij mudh dkSu&lh d`fr;k izdkfkr gks jgh gSaA Hkkjr esa fLFkfr
nwljh gSA ;gk izk;% ?kj esa lkt&lTtk ds vk/kqfud midj.k rks gksrs gSa fdarq viuh Hkkkk dh dksbZ iqLrd ;k
if=dk fn[kkbZ ugha iM+rhA ;g nqjkoLFkk Hkys gh fdlh ,sfrgkfld izf;k dk ifj.kke gS] fdarq og lqnkk ugha]
52


nqjkoLFkk gh gS vkSj tc rd ;g nqjkoLFkk dk;e gS] gesa vius&vki dks] lgh vFkksZa esa fkf{kr vkSj lqlaLd`r
ekuus dk Bhd&Bhd U;k;laxr vf/kdkj ugha gSA
d mi;qDr khkZd fyf[k, &
i fkf{kr O;fDr gh igpku ii Hkkjrh; fkf{kr dh igpku
iii ekr`Hkkkk dk frjLdkj iv Hkkjrh; fkf{krksa dk vaxst
z +h&eksg
[k ^nqjkoLFkk* esa dkSu&lk milxZ gS &
i nq ii nqj~ iii nqj iv vk
x ;gk fdl ,sfrgkfld izf;k dh vksj ladsr gS\
i Hkkjr esa c<+rs HkkSfrdokn dh vksj
ii Hkkjr esa eqlyekuksa ds vke.k dh vksj
iii Hkkjr esa vaxzstksa dh xqykeh dh vksj
iv Hkkjr ds yksxksa dh LokFkZijrk dh vksj
?k Hkkjr esa fkf{kr O;fDr fdls ekuk tkrk gS\
i ftls fganh vkrh gks ii ftls ekr`Hkkkk vkrh gks
iii ftls vaxzsth vkrh gks iv ftlus vaxzst+h esa i<+kbZ dh gks
lalkj ds vU; nskksa esa lqlaLd`r O;fDr fdls ekurs gSa\
i tks laLd`r tkurk gks
ii tks LoHkkkk tkurk gks
iii ftlds ?kjksa esa LoHkkkk dh iqLrdsa gksa
iv ftls LoHkkkk] LolkfgR; vkSj ys[kdksa ls xgjk tqM+ko gks
vifBr in~;ka'k
fuEufyf[kr in~;kakksa dks i<+dj fn, x, izuksa ds mkj nhft, &
01- bnznosrk dksVj esa rksrs ls vkdj ;w cksysA
^lc* i{kh mM+ x, ;gk ls rqeus ia[k u [kksysA
jgus yk;d gjs o`{k ns[kks gSa fdrus bl ou esa\
lw[k x;k oV o`{k fxjsxk] lksp jgs gks D;k eu esa\
rksrk cksyk] banznso! eSaus dksVj esa tUe fy;kA
oV ds Qy [kk,] blus j{kk dh] lEeku fn;kAA
lq[k&laifk ds lkFkh] foink vk, djsa fdukjkA
nsojkt! vc Lo;a crkvks D;k drZO; gekjk\
banz gq, [kqk] cksys ^fiz;! tks ekaxks og ojnku feysA*
rksrk cksyk] nso! dìk ls gjk&Hkjk ;g BwB f[kysAA
53


^rFkkLrq* dgdj nsojkt fQj fn, u dgha fn[kkbZA
gjk&Hkjk oV o`{k gqvk fQj gfj;kyh ykSV vkbZAA
tuuh tUeHkwfe dh [kkfrj fdruk eu cfynkuhA
eu&izk.kksa esa txh jgs] rksrs dh ;g vej dgkuhA
d bl dkO;kak esa dkSu&lk o`{k lw[k x;k gS\
i oV o`{k ii vke o`{k iii uhe o`{k iv ihiy o`{k
[k rksrs us dgk tUe fy;k Fkk\
i uhe ds o`{k ds dksVj esa ii oV ds o`{k ds dksVj esa
iii vke ds o`{k ds dksVj esa iv ihiy ds o`{k ds dksVj esa
x rksrk vius drZO; ds ckjs esa fdlls dgrk gS\
i nsojkt ls ii i`Foh ls iii vkdkk ls iv izd`fr ls
?k banznso us [kqk gksdj D;k dgk\
i lksp jgs gks D;k eu esa\ ii rqeus ia[k u [kksys
iii fiz;! tks ekaxks og ojnku feys iv eSaus dksVj esa tUe fy;k
var esa nsojkt D;k dgdj fn[kkbZ ugha fn,\
i rFkkLrq ii [kqk jgks iii vLrq iv ojnku ekaxks
02- nskizse ds vks erokyks! mudks Hkwy u tkukA
egkizy; dh vfXu lkFk ysdj tks tx esa vk,]
foocyh kklu ds Hk; ftuds vkxs eqj>k,]
pys x, tks khk p<+kdj] v?;Z fy, izk.kksa dk &
pysa et+kjksa ij ge muds iznhi tyk,A
thr x, ge thrk fonzksgh vfHkeku gekjk]
izk.knku&fo{kqC/k rjaxksa dks fey x;k fdukjkA
mfnr gqvk jfo Lora=rk dk O;kse mxyrk thou]
vkt+knh dh vkx vej gS ?kksfkr djrk d.k&d.kA
>a>k rwQ+kuksa us ftl n`<+rk dk yksgk ekuk &
ns'kizse ds erokyks! mudks Hkwy u tkukA
d nskizse ds erokys tx esa lkFk D;k ysdj vk, gSa\
i egkizy; dh vfXu ii bZoj dh HkfDr iii isM+&ikS/ks iv nskizse dh vfXu
[k nsk izse ds erokyksa us fdldk v?;Z fn;k Fkk\
i flrkjksa dk ii ty dk iii izk.kksa dk iv nhiksa dk
x dfo et+kjksa ij D;k tykus ds fy, dg jgk gS\
54


i iznhi ii izk.k
iii ydM+h iv vxjckh
?k bl dkO;kak esa D;k mfnr gqvk gS\
i jfo Lora=rk dk ii jfo nskizse dk
iii jfo egkizy; dk iv jfo foofot; dk
dfo us ^vkt+knh dh vkx* dks dSlk crk;k gS\
i Lora= ii vej iii egkcyh iv izy;adkjh
03- ftldh jt esa yksV&yksVdj cM+s gq, gSa]
?kqVuksa ds cy ljd&ljd dj [kM+s gq, gSaA
ijegal&le ckY;dky esa lc lq[k ik,]
ftlds dkj.k /kwy&Hkjs ghjs dgyk,A
ge [ksys&dwns gkZ&;qDr ftldh I;kjh xks esaA
gs ekr`Hkwfe! rq>dks fuj[k eXu D;ks u gksa eksn esa!
fueZy rsjk uhj ve`r ds le mke gS]
khry ean lqxa/k iou gh ysrk Je gSA
kV~ _rqvksa dk fofo/k n`;;qr vn~Hkqr e gS]
gfj;kyh dk Q+kZ ugha e[key ls de gSA
kqfp lq/kk lhaprk jkr esa] rq> ij panz izdkk gSA
gs ekr`Hkwfe! fnu esa rjf.k djrk re dk ukk gSA
d mi;qZDr dkO;&iafDr;ksa esa dfo us ekr`Hkwfe ds izfr izse dk D;k dkj.k crk;k gS\
i ekr`Hkwfe gesa thou nsrh gS ii ;g leLr lq[kksa dh nk=h gS
iii bldh /kwy eas ludj ge cM+s gq, gSa iv mi;qZDr lHkh
[k dfo us /kwy&Hkjs ghjs fdls dgk gS\
i /kwy esa [ksyrs gq, cPps ii [ksr esa ygygkrh Qlysa
iii dks;ys dh [kku esa feyus okys ghjs iv mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha
x ekr`Hkwfe ds ty dh rqyuk fdlds lkFk dh xbZ gS\
i kcZr ls ii nok ls
iii ve`r ls iv nw/k ls
?k dfo us e[key ds leku fdls dgk gS\
i fofHkUu _rq, ii gjh ?kkl;qDr /kjrh
iii euq; dk LoHkko iv diM+k
55


;gk cgus okyh ok;q dh D;k fokskrk gS\
i BaM+h vkSj rst+ ii lHkh izdkj dh Fkdku dks nwj djus okyh
iii xeZ vkSj /kheh iv lc dqN mM+k dj ys tkus okyh
04- ^^nks U;k; vxj rks vk/kk nks]
ij blesa Hkh ;fn ck/kk gks]
rks ns nks dsoy ikp xzke]
j[kks viuh /kjrh rekeA
ge ogha [kqkh ls [kk,xs]
ifjtu ij vfl u mBk,xsA**
nq;ksZ/ku og Hkh ns u ldk]
vkkhk lekt dh ys u ldk
myVs] gfj dks ck/kus pyk
tks Fkk vlk/;] lk/kus pykA
tc ukk euqt ij Nkrk gS]
igys foosd ej tkrk gSA
d U;k; iwoZd d`.k us fdruk jkT; ekxk\
i vk/kk ii pkSFkkbZ iii iwjk iv frgkbZ
[k d`.k us fdrus xko ekxs\
i rhu ii N% iii vkB iv ikp
x nq;ks/Z ku lekt ls D;k ugha ys ldk\
i t;&t;dkj ii izse iii vkkhk iv le`n~f/k
?k nq;ks/Z ku fdldks ck/kus pyk Fkk\
i izse dks ii vtqZu dks iii gfj dks iv Hkhe dks
ukk ds le; euq; dk D;k ej tkrk gS\
i dqkyrk ii foosd iii Hkkouk iv cqn~f/k
56

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DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL Assignment Booklet

vad foHkktu F.A.1 & F.A.4

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orZuh ds vuqlkj kCn ys[k

iqjkuh fof/k ubZ fof/k iqjkuh fof/k ubZ fof/k

orZuh ds vuqlkj kCn ys[k

iqjkuh fof/k ubZ fof/k

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vn~/kZ okfkZd ijh{kk okfkZd ijh{kk

^cqn~/k pfjr* ^cqn~/k pfjr*

^lfp= fgUnh O;kdj.k* ^lfp= fgUnh O;kdj.k*

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Hkk"kk rFkk o.kZ fopkj

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1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;kak dks i<+dj fn, x, izuksa ds mkj nhft, &

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8- fuEufyf[kr in~;kak dks i<+dj fn, x, izuksa ds mkj nhft, &

dSls O;fDr dk tx esa dksbZ cSjh ugha gksrk 1

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1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;kak dks i<+dj fn, x, izuksa ds mkj nhft, &

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8- fuEufyf[kr in~;kak dks i<+dj fn, x, izuksa ds mkj nhft, &

d izLrqr iafDr;k fdl ikB ls yh xbZ gSa\ 1

9- fuEufyf[kr xn~;kak dks i<+dj fn, x, izuksa ds mkj nhft, &