Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry

Circle Geometry
Properties of a Circle
Circle Theorems:
! Angles and chords
! Angles
! Chords
! Tangents
! Cyclic Quadrilaterals

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 Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry

Properties of a Circle

Radius
Major Segment

Diameter
Chord
Minor Segment

Tangent

Concyclic points form a Cyclic Quadrilateral

Sector

Arc

Tangents Externally and Internally

Concentric circles

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 Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry

Circle Theorems
! Equal arcs subtend equal angels at the
l centre of the circle.

! If two arcs subtend equal angles at the

centre of the circle, then the arcs are
equal.

O
l = r

l
! Equal chords subtend equal angles at the
centre of the circle.

|| ! Equal angles subtended at the centre of

the circle cut off equal chords.

||

S OB = OC (radius of circle)
A A BOA = COD (vert. opp. Angles)
|| B
S OA = OD (radius of circle)
BOA COD (SAS)
AB = DC (corresponding sides in ' s )

O

D ||
C

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 Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry

! A perpendicular line from the centre of a

circle to a chord bisects the chord.

! A line from the centre of a circle that

bisects a chord is perpendicular to the
chord.
O

| |

R OMB = OMA (straight line)

H OB = OA (radius of circle)
S OM = MO (common)
AOM BOM (RHS)
AM = BM (corresponding sides in ' s )
O

A | | B
M

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 Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry

! Equal chords are equidistant from the

centre of the circle.

! Chords that are equidistant from the

centre are equal.

||
O

A
R ANO = BMO = 90 (A line from the
centre of a circle that bisects a chord is
perpendicular to the chord)
N H AO = BO (Radius of Circle)
S NO = MO (given)
ANO BMO (RHS)
|| M
O

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 Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry

Internally ! The products of intercepts of intersecting

A chords are equal

AX.XB = CX.XD
C

D B

A Prove AXD ||| CXD

A AXD = CXB (vertically opp)

C A XAD = XCB (Angle standing on the
same arc)
X A XDA = XBC (Angle sum of triangle)

Correspond sides
AX CX
=
XD XB
AX . XB = CX . XD
D B

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 Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry

Externally ! The square of the length of the tangent

from an external point is equal to the
product of the intercepts of the secant
passing through this point.

(AX)2 = BX.CX

B X
C

Externally
Prove ACX ||| BAX

A AXC = BXA (common)

A XAC = XBA (Angle in alternate
segment)
A ACX = BAX (Angle sum of triangle)
A
Correspond sides
AX BX
=
CX AX
( AX ) 2 = BX .CX
B X
C

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 Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry

! The angle at the centre of a circle is twice

the angle at the circumference subtended
by the same arc.

Let CAO =
A
Let BAO =
AO = CO = BO (radius of circle)

ACO = (base angles of isosceles )
ABO = (base angles of isosceles )
COD = 2 (exterior angle = two opposite
O interior angles)
BOD = 2 (exterior angle = two opposite
interior angles)
B
CAB = +
C COD = 2(a + )

! Angle in a semicircle is a right angle.

180

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 Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry

! Angles standing on the same arc are

equal.

A Prove AXD ||| CXD

A AXD = CXB (vertically opp)

A XAD = XCB (Angle standing on the
same arc)
A XDA = XBC (Angle sum of triangle)
C
X Corresponding angles of similar triangles are
equal
D

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 Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry

! Tangents to a circle from an exterior

point are equal.

C
Prove OAC OBC

R OAC = OBC (90)

H OC = OC (common)
S OA = )B (radii)

OAC OBC RHS

B
AC = BC (corresponding sides in
A
|| congruent triangles)
O

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 Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry

! When two circles touch, the line through

their centres passes through their point of
contact.

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! The angle between a tangent and a chord

through the point of contact is equal to
the angle in the alternate segment.

X Let XAB =
Let BAQ =
B
C + = 90

AXB = (angle in semicircle is 90,

complementary angle)
ACB = AXB (angle on the same arc)

ACB = BAQ

Q
A

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 Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry

! The opposite angles in a cyclic

A quadrilateral are supplementary.

! If the opposite angles of a quadrilateral
are supplementary, then the quadrilateral
is cyclic.

180 B

180
C

! The exterior angle of s cyclic

A quadrilateral is equal to the interior
opposite angle.

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