1

,


-


E-mail:thrasia@agro.auth.gr

,
, , , , ,
. ,

.

,

(,
..)



,


, .



,
.
19 20 ,
. 1960
, ,
,
. ,
.
, ,
. Stradivarious
(Jolly, 1978),
.

.
Kuestenmacher (1912)
,

 2

. Resch (1927)
, ,
. , ,
, .
:
,
.

,
, .

, .

(.1).
,
.

.
,
.

'


.

Apis mellifera. Apis
.
 3

1.

.

(. 2).

.
60.000
, .
(Waren Ogren, 1990).

(pollenbalsam). o ,
.
 4

2.

.
,
.

.


.

.
.



.

,
,
.

.
.
 5

(.
3). ,
,
.
.
,
, ,
. .

, .

.
.
.

3. .

.
8,9 cm
. 8 ,
,
. 2
15 20
.

.
 6

.
:

1. ,
.
.
2.
.
3.
.
4.
5.
.

.

.
150 300

,
, ,
, , .

.
.

.
(Iannuzzi, 1990).

(1992).
5
70 C
. 2-3
.
.
.

.
.


.
(Orgen 1990, Iannuzzi,
1990). (. 4)
. ,
.

,
,

( 2 ).

4.

. ,
, ,

.

:
50-55% ( )
20-35%
2-10%
5% ( )
5% .

.
 8

,
.


.

: ' .

. 22
(Butyric acid, palmitic acid, cerotic acid, succinic acid, crotonic acid, stearic
acid , oleic acid, fumaric acid, linoleic acid, isobutyric acid, acetic acid,
mystiric acid, lignoceric acid, isobutyl acetate ).

.

. 40
(benzoic acid, veratic acid, methyl
salicylate, vanilic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic
acid .). .

. hydroquinone, benzene methanol, prenyl alcohol,

isobutenol, phenethyl alcohol, - , ,
cinnamyl alcohol. , -

, .

. protocatechualdehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde,
vanillin, isovanillin, caproic aldehyde, .
.

.
. pinostrobin, pinocembrin, pinobanksin-3-
acetate, pinobanksin-3-butyrate, pinobanksin-3-hexanoate, pinobanksin-3-
methyl-ether, pinobanksin-pentanoate, pinobanksin-pentenoate, pinobanksin-
propanoate, pinobanksin, marigebib .

. tectochrysin, kaempferol-7,4'-dimethyl
ester, chrysin, galangin-3-methyl ether, apigenin-7-methyl-ehter, galangin,
kaempferol-4'-methyl ether, kaempferol-7-methyl, ether, apigenin,
kaempferol-3-methyl-ether, quercetin 3,7-dimethyl et., kaempferol, fiserin,
rhamnetin, quercetin .
.

.
(, , ).
 9

.
C21--->C33. C25 C27
.

. ' acetophenone p-acetophenol

. benzene,
methyl, cyclohexene, ethylene, phenyl-hexanolactone,4-menthane, 1,8-
epoxy p-naphthalene, sesquiterpene alcohol .

1 (), 5 (
) (1).

.
.


20
2

400 .
,
.

:
)
)
)
) .

.

,
.

, .

, ,
.
.
 10

, .
1,033-1,145 g/ml,
, .

25-450C , .
00 C 150 C, ,
450C . ,
60-700C,
1000 C (2).

. .

,
.

.
, , ,
..

:
,
. ,
.
.

:
:
( )
5
. . 2-3
, .
.

.

:
.

. ' ,
" "
.

,

 11

.

.
.

:
.
1:2 -
.

,
.
.

. , (
) ,
. ,
.

,
. 5
30
Franco Feraboli, Cremona
.

5.
Cremona

.
.
,
,
.
 12

,

.

:
1.
, ,
, bacillus subtilis, proteus vulgaris escherichia coli B.
, ,
.
2. .
, .
3.
.
4. ,
.
5.
.
, .
6. .
7. ,
.
8. .
9.
.
10. -,
.
11. .
.

:
.
1 2000.
.

. ,
.
.
.
,
.
 13

( ).
, .. .
.
, ,
.
, .

. .

3-30%
,
.

,
, ,
.
.
.
1
.

-
:

120 ml o 100 gr
. 8
.
().

.

15-20
.

- after shave
.
,
.

. 150 .
, 240 . - 520 .
( ).
90 . .

.
(12)
 14

after - shave.
(, ).

Jannuzzi J (1983) Propolis: The most mysterious hive element. Am. Bee J.
573-575, 631- 633.
Jannuzzi J (1990) High profits from Lowly propolis, Am. Bee J (4): 237 -
238.
Jannuzzi J (1993) Propolis collectors. Am. Bee J (6):104 - 107.
Potschenkova Pavlina (1999) . ,
(12):511-515.
Warren Ogren (1990) Propolis USA. President of beehive botanicals, Am.
Bee J. (4): 239-240.
(1992)
. 6: 101 - 104.
Franco Feraboli, Apimondia CD. The medicine from bees.