20/21 Mar09

Different types of Steering Systems

& Examples

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM 20/21 Mar09

Steering systems/mechanisms in use

STEERING

MANUAL POWER

RACK & PINION WORM & ROLLER HYDRAULIC ELECTRICAL /

PREV ELECTRO-HYD

RECIRCULATING BALL & NUT RACK & PINION WORM & ROLLER RACK & PINION

RECIRCULATING HYDROSTATIC COLUMN PINION

BALL & NUT ( GEROTOR ) DRIVEN EPS DRIVEN EPS

RACK
NEXT DRIVEN EPS

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM 20/21 Mar09

Steering systems/mechanisms in use

STEERING SYSTEM STEERING RATIO

SL. NO STEERING MECHANISMS IN USE POWER-ASSISSTED
MANUAL CONST ANT VARIABLE
Hydrau lic Electro-hyd Electric

1 SCREW & NUT X X

2 CAM & LEVER X X

3 WORM & ROLLER X X X

4 RECIRCULATING BALL SCREW & NUT ? ?

5 RACK & PINION

6 GEROTOR X X

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20/21 Mar09

MANUAL STEERING SYSTEMS

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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

Typical Mechanical Steering Systems

( for on-road vehicles )

Cars / UVs

Trucks / Bus

UVs/LCVs

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POWER-ASSISSTED STEERING SYSTEMS

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Need for Power Steering

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20/21 Mar09

NEED FOR POWER STEERING

The need to achieve the greatest possible road safety under :

PREV

NEXT
INCREASING TRAFFIC DENSITY 8
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 20/21 Mar09

NEED FOR POWER STEERING

The need to achieve the greatest possible road safety under :

PREV

NEXT
HIGH AXLE LOADS 9
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20/21 Mar09

NEED FOR POWER STEERING

The need to achieve the greatest possible road safety under :

PREV

POOR ROAD CONDITIONS 10

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NEED FOR POWER STEERING

All of the above situations force the driver to

operate the vehicle at slow speeds ,increasing
steering effort causing FATIGUE TO DRIVERS.

Judgment of a fatigued driver will be poor.

PREV

Poor judgment in driving means increased

potential for accidents.

LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT

NEXT
OF POWER STEERING
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Benefits of Power Steering

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BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING

15 mkg

STEERING EFFORTS AT PARKING

3 mkg
2 mkg
1 mkg

HCV CAR HCV CAR

MANUAL POWER
STEERING STEERING

EFFORTLESS STEERING 13
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20/21 Mar09

BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING

LOCK TO LOCK MANUAL STEERING

TOTAL TURNS 6 TO 7

LOCK TO LOCK POWER STEERING

TOTAL TURNS 3 TO 4

40
OUTPUT ANGLE (DEG)

30

20

10

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

INPUT TURNS
LH TURN RH TURN
SAP

PRECISE & QUICK RESPONSE 14

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BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING

Vehicle fitted with Vehicle fitted with

Manual Steering Power Steering

ABSORBS ROAD SHOCKS 15

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BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING

GREATER SAFETY AND

CONTROLLABILITY UNDER CRITICAL SITUATIONS
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HYDRAULIC POWER STEERING SYSTEMS

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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

SYSTEM LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL POWER STEERING

Power Steering
Reservoir
Retur
n
Line
PREV

Suction
Line re
ssu
Pre ne
Li

NEXT
Power Steering
Pump Power Steering
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FI Gear
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Typical Box-type Power Steering System for CVs

( Tie rod behind the axle )

Steering Column

Reservoir

Intermediate Shaft
Power Steering Pump

Integral Power Steering Gear Tie Rod Tube

Pitman Arm Tie Rod End

Draglink

Integral (Box type) Power Steering System 19

SRK 1

Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

Typical Cylinder-type Power Steering System for CVs

( Tie rod behind the axle )

(Manual)

Cylinder type Power Steering System

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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

Typical Box-type Power Steering System for UVs

( Tie rod behind the axle )

Integral (Box type) Power Steering System

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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

Non-typical Cylinder-type Power Steering System for UVs

( Tie rod behind the axle )

(Manual)

Cylinder type Power Steering System

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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

Typical R&P Power Steering System for Cars

( Tie rod ahead of the axle )

Steering Wheel
Rack &Pinion
Steering Gear

Steering Column

Tie Rods Intermediate Shaft

Steering Lever

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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

Typical R&P type Power Steering System for Cars / UVs

Integral Rack & Pinion type Power Steering System

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HYROSTATIC STEERING SYSTEMS

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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

Typical Hydrostatic Steering System

(for off-road vehicles)

Farm Tractors / Earthmovers

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Need for Electro-Hydraulic / Electric

Power Steering Systems

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Need for EHPS / EPS

Fuel efficiency.

Emission control @ engine idle.

Control flexibility thro S/W change instead of H/W change.

Integration with other electronic controls on vehicle

e.g., ABS, TCS, ESP, etc.

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Energy Consumption of
Different Power Steering Systems

100%
90% 100%

80%
Energy Consumption

70%
60%
50%
40%
30% 25%

20% 15%
10%
0% 10%

HPS
belt-driven-pump EPHS
two-speed EPHS
multispeed EPS

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Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering Systems

(EHPS)

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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

Electro-hydraulic Power Steering System

Steering Gear
Motor-Pump-Unit

Feed & Return

Lines
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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

Principle of EHPS Systems

Steering Maneuver Vehicle Speed

Steering
Rate

Steering
Wheel Feed Line
Steering
Valve

+ Return
- Line E-Motor

Pump
M ECU

Control
Load
Rack &
Cylinder
Pinion

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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

EHPS Benefits
Vehicle Performance / Safety

Steering Feel Tuning i.e. Vehicle and/or Driver Setting

Energy Saving
Reduced Fuel Consumption (1 to 3 % Reduction)
High System Efficiency
Flow on demand and according to Vehicle Speed ( speed-pro feel )
Low energy consumption, in idle less than 50 Watt
Engine independent operation (Engine Shut Off)

Future Application Criteria

Interaction with other Chassis/Vehicle Control and Driver Assist Systems

Migration of EPHS-technology into EHS- and SBW-Applications
MPU-Utilization beyond Steering Applications (e.g. Active and Semi active
Chassis, Braking, Power Train (Automated Clutches and Transmissions)

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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

EPHS Benefits (contd)

Cost & Quality

Component Assembly (HPS ) Module Assembly (EPHS)

Final Test in Car (HPS) Pre-tested System (EPHS)
Engine Independence (vs. Belt-Drive-Pump@ HPS)
Fail-Safe Operation incl. Protection Measures
System Responsibility lies with one Supplier
Simplified Supply Chain
Lower Maintenance and Warranty Cost

Time to Market

Steering System Tuning Flexibility in Development Process

Similar Packaging to existing Steering
Variable Position of Motor-Pump-Unit

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Electric Power Steering Systems

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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

EPS - Scheme

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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

Electric Power Steering Systems

Electric Motor
Electric Motor

Rack Drive Column Drive Pinion Drive

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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

Column Drive EPS

Motor / Reduction Gear/ ECU / Bracket - Assy

Manual R&P Stg Gear

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Steering Systems 20/21 Mar09

Rack ( Belt ) Drive EPS

Motor & ECU Belt drive

RCB- Nut

RCB- Screw

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END OF THE SESSION

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