Basic Integration Formula Sheet Created by MSW

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Basic Integration Formulas Integration Formulas Definite (Riemann) Integral Fundamental Theorem of Calculus I (FTC I)
Z b
f (x) dx = F (b) F (a)
Z
n
Z
du u Z b
0 du = 0 = arcsin +C
X
a2 u2 a lim f (ci )xi = f (x) dx a
||0|| a
i=1
Z Z
du 1 u Fundamental Theorem of Calculus II (FTC II)
du = u + C = arctan +C Partitions of equal width: |||| = x Z x 
a2 + u2 a a d
f (t) dt = f (x)
Z Partitions of unequal width: |||| = max(xi ) dx a
|u|
Z
du 1
k du = ku + C = arcsec +C Z u 
u u2 a2 a a d
Continuity Integrability f (t) dt = f (u)u0 (with chain rule)
Z
un+1 dx a
un du = (for n 6= 1) The Converse is NOT True (see example below)
n+1 Summation Formulas Mean Value Theorem for Integration
Z Z 2 Z b
cos u du = sin u + C n
X Example: bxc dx = 1 f (x) dx = f (c)(b a), where c [a, b]
0
= a1 + a2 + . . . + an a
Z
i=1
sin u du = cos u + C Average Value of a Function on [a, b]
n
X Area of a Region
c = cn Z b
Z 1
f (c) = f (x) dx
sec2 u du = tan u + C i=1
n Area of the region bounded by the graph of f , ba a
X n(n + 1)
i= x-axis, and x = a and x = b
Z 2 Z b
sec u tan u du = sec u + C i=1
Area = f (x) dx Substitution Method for Integration
n
X n(n + 1)(2n + 1) a
i2 =
Z 6 du
csc2 u du = cot u + C
i=1
n Properties of Integration Let u = g(x), then = g 0 (x) du = g 0 (x)dx,
X n2 (n + 1)2 dx
i3 = Z b Z b Z g(b)
4 Z a
f (g(x))g 0 (x) dx
Z
i=1 f (u) du f (u) du
csc u cot u du = csc u + C n 2 1. f (x) dx = 0
X n(2n + 1)(n + 1)(3n + 3n 1) a a g(a)
i4 = a
Z i=1
30 Z a Z b
Numerical Integration
eu du = eu + C 2. f (x) dx = f (x) dx
b a
Area of a Region in a Plane
Z 
1
 Z b Z c Z b Note: Many integrals do not have closed form solutions,
au du = au + C, a > 0 3. f (x) dx = f (x) + f (x) dx so we must use numerical techniques.
ln a n
X a a c
n
I.R. = lim f (mi )x
 
Z Z b Z b
X xi + xi1
1 n Midpoint Rule: f (x) dx f x
du = ln |u| + C i=1 4. kf (x) dx = k f (x) dx 2
u n a a i=1
X
n 
Z
Z C.R. = lim f (Mi )x Z b f (xi ) + f (xi1 )

[f (x)dx g(x) k(x)] dx =
X
tan u du = ln|cos x| + C n 5. Trapezoidal Rule: f (x) dx x
i=1
Z b Z b Z b a i=1
2
n
Z X f (x) g(x) dx k(x) dx
cot u du = ln|sin x| + C Area = lim f (ri )x a a a (b a)3
n
i=1 E [max |f 00 (x)|], for x [a, b]
Z b 12n2
where ri [xi1 , xi ]
Z 6. 0 f (x) dx for f non-negative
sec u du = ln|sec x + tan x| + C a

Left Endpoints: a + b(i 1)x, Z b Z b

7. If f (x) g(x) f (x) dx f (x) dx
Z
for i = 1, . . . , n
csc u du = ln|csc x + cot x| + C a a

Right Endpoints: a + bix,

Z b ba
for i = 1, . . . , n Simpsons Rule: f (x) dx [f (x0 ) + 4f (x1 ) + 2f (x2 ) + 4f (x3 ) + + 4f (xn1 ) + f (xn )]
a 3n
(b a)5
x = (b a)/n E [max |f (4) (x)|], for x [a, b]
180n4