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SUMMARY
The surface viscous liquid is one of fishs resistance reduction elements. The fish surface is covered with viscous liquid,
which is considered to reduce the resistance. As compared with a solvent, a certain polymer solution of several ppm to
several hundred ppm offers substantially reduced turbulent frictional resistance. The relationship between the Toms
effect and reduction of viscosity resistance is described. The purpose of this research is to study the drag reduction in
resistance of catamaran model by slime monepterus albus solution in wall. The catamaran model with hull L = 1.8 m, B
= 0.32m and T = 0.12 m pulled by electric motor which the motor speed can be varied. The ship model resistance is
measured by load cell anemometer. The difference of friction coefficient is expressed as a reduction in friction drag. The
results shows the drag reduction about 4 -7%.
Keyword: dilute biopolymer slime monepterus, drag reduction, catamaran model.
2. EXPERIMENTAL DESCRIPTIONS
A series of model tests were conducted in a basin. The
basin had a length of 50 m and width of 10 m, and the
water depth was maintained at a constant depth of 2 m.
The experiments were conducted for a Froude number of
up to 0.6. The model was connected to the load cell
transducer at a point located amidships and vertically
above the base line, allowing the model to move freely in
the vertical plane. Total resistance was measured for each
run over the test range of Froude numbers. In the
resistance tests, the ship model was pulled by a wire rope
and the total longitudinal force acting on the model was
(1)
measured for various speeds. During the measuring run
the ship model was free to heave and pitch. Fig.1 shows
the experimental setup in the basin.
CT CAT 1 k CF CW (1)
CT CAT 1 k CF CW (2)
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
For a demihull, (wave interference factor) and
(viscous interference factor) =1. A comparison with the bubbles and without the bubbles
applied to the catamaran model was made to evaluate the
resistance characteristics as shown in Figs.4-6.
Where CT is coefficient of total resistance, CW is
coefficient of wave resistance, Cf is coefficient of friction
resistance, and (1+k) is the form factor.
The form factor 1+k is determined experimentally at
very low speed or low Froude numbers (Fr< 0.2), where
Cr must become negligible. The ITTC [14] and Bertram
[15] recommended applying Prohaska's method,
described as:
CT 1 k CF a Fr
n
(3)
1,20 Catamaran without slime the following conclusions can be stated; slime
Catamaran with slime position 1 application to ships is found to have a positive influence
1,15 Catamaran with slime position 2 on catamaran resistance. The applications of slime can
Catamaran with slime position 3
reduce the catamaran resistance significantly for a high
1,10
speed range. The test results show that an effective drag
reduction of up to 7% at Fr = 0.45 can be achieved. The
Ct/Cto
1,05
location of the slime position are significant for
1,00
achieving the maximum drag reduction. Slime position at
the stem area of bottom is the best location for effective
0,95 drag reduction. It is expected that more work will be
carried out in order to gain further understanding on this
0,90 topic, in order to apply the method to full-scale ships
Fr 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Fig.5 Total resistance coefficient ratio between
catamaran model and monohull model This work is supported by the Directorate for Research
and Community Service, University of Indonesia (RUUI
Fig.5 shows the total resistance coefficient ratio as a Research 2012), Jakarta, Indonesia.
function of Froude number. The value of ratio indicate
that drag reduction occured. If the ratio value is lower
than 1, it is indicated that resistance coefficient of the 7. REFERENCES
catamarn model is lower than monohull model. The best
configuration is position 1 because have smallest [1] HOYT, J. W. 1975. Hydrodynamic drag reduction
resistance ratio. due to fish slimes. Pp. 653-673 in T. V. T. Wu, C. J.
Brokaw, and C. Brennon, Eds., Swimming and flying in
Catamaran without slime
nature. Plenum Press, New York.
7,5
Catamaran with slime position 1 [2] JAKOWSKA,S. 1963. Mucus secretion in fish-a note.
Catamaran with slime position 2
Catamaran with slime position 3 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 160: 458-462.
6,0
[3] HOYT, J. W. 1974. Recent progress in polymer drag
reduction. Colloq. Int. Cent. Natl. Rech. Sci. 223: 193-
4,5
215.
DR (%)
Fig. 6 shows the drag reduction that occurred. It is clear 8. AUTHORS BIOGRAPHY
that drag reduction for position 1 is greater than position
1, position 2 and without slime. The drag reduction starts M.A. Talahatu received his B.S. degree in Naval
at a Froude number of about 0.35. As the Froude number Architecture from Hasanuddin University, Indonesia, in
increases, drag reduction also increases for spesific 1982. He then received his Master of Eng. Mechanical
range. The start drag reduction occured is different for Engineering from University of Indonesia, in 2003. Now,
all variation. Catamaran with bubble position 1 has start he is continuing Doctor program in Mechanical
occured at Fr = 0,35. For position 2, 3 and without Engineering at University of Indonesia in Jakarta,
bubble are follow respectively. The maximum drag Indonesia. His research project is about drag reduction in
reduction for this research is 7%. vessel with slime biopolymer.