TIPO®. J{P BUAJAMMP KPHBOKATIVA KPHMHAHAJINCTHKA TAKTHKA TOJMUWICKA Cox AKAJIEMHJA BEOTPAJI, 2005.CAPA TIPEZDOBOP ... TIPBH EO KPHMUHAJIUCTUKA KAO HAYKA 1 TIPAKTHYHA JESATHOCT 1, MOJAM HW 3HAYAJ KPHMMHAJINCTUKE., 1 1.1. Jeduamnuje kpumunanncrue .... 2 Tipeamer, oOjext m saqama KpuMunamuctaKe 8 . Ucrpaxnnarse kpummnantera Kao 3aylataK KpuMHnasucrixe 12 1.4. HayaHn kapaktep KpHMMHasACTHKe H Bena camoctamHoct y omHocy Ha apyre HayKe 13 1.5. Hayanm pa3noj KprMuvannerue....... 18, 1.5.1, Passoj kpumunanucitiure y Cpbuju u pro} aj Fopu 25 1.6. Crpyxtypa KpHMnnannerae . . 28 1.7, Oatioe KpaMumasHcTHxe Tacrue 4 OcTaiTHx rpana kpHMUnaNHCTHKC... 31 1.8. Xeypucrmica m cunornerauxa Kpummanucraxa 35 2. OMHOC KPHMMHAJIMCTHKE CA ]PYTHM HAYKAMA 39 2.1. KpiMunanucraka 1 xpumano-Marepyjaano paso 40 2.2. KpuMunasmcruka 1 KpaBnyHo-npouecuo mpazo . 41 2.3. Kpumuanamcruka 1 osmjcKo tipazo 43 2.4. Kpumunanucraxa n xpumanonoraja 4B 2.5, Kpamananuctuka M4 cyiicka Meznuuna . 44 2.6. Kpumunasucruxa n ricHxosoruja... 45 2.7. Omuoe KPHMHAATMCTHKe MH KPUMAHaTHe NOAMTAKE 46 3. KPHMHHAJIUCTHYKO-ONEPATHBHH MOCJIOBH — ~HOJAM HW HAJVIEXKHOCT HPELY3HMAPDA ... 49 4, JEMMHCTBO KPHMHHAJIMCTHYIKOr U KPHBHYHO- ~TTPOLECHOPr MOCTYNABA Y CYTPOTCTABJBABY KPMMHHATIMTETY .. StVI KPHMVHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA 5, OCHOBHA HAYEJIA KPHMHHAJIMCTHEE .. 5.1, Onmre nanomene 5.2. Haseno 3akonmtoctu. 5.2.1. Haweno saxonuiliociiiu u Aesaapayija sa sa iommajye .. 5.3. Haseno nerane. 5.4, Haveno odjexrusnoctn...... 5.5. Haseno oneparupxocrs u 6p3nit 5.6. Hayeno Meromwanoctu w TakTHaKor Tnanmpara. 3.7. 5.8. 5.9. .7. Hareno remexba oct u ynopHocra .. . Hateno xoopanvanuje w capamipe ........ . Haseno jequucrrenor pykozohewa y ciposohemy KPHMMHAIMCTHYKe JeaTHOCTH.. 5.10. Hayeno uysama cnyx6ene tajre 5.11, Haveso exonomumunocrn y onepaTussom pasty. 5.12, Haueno npesentusor nocryrara ... 5.13. Hayeno crpysuocra 1 cnemajannaannje. 5.14, Hageno xyManocru y mpnmenn onnauihera.. 5.14.1, Haveno xpamanociiiu u sawitiuitia mydckux tipaea. 5.14.2. Haveno xymanociiu u odnocu ca jasHouty. 5.14.3, Haveno xymanociau u tonuyujcKe unimepaenyuje 6, HAYHHUM CA3HAIDA 3A KPHBMYHA JEJIA ONEPATHBHO [JIAHMPAIbE . 6.1. Onmite nartomene .. 6.2. Axtuyoerm opratia yxy 1pammbix nocnopa y MIpKyrubalby casHaHa 0 KPUBHYHMM {CIMA Hi IbHXOBHM YySHHONMA.... . 6.2.1. Hetiocpednu yaud OVIT-a kao navn casHarea 0 Kpusutnium dequna u rouxosum yummuoyuna .. 6.3. [IpujaB/buBawe KpHBHIHHX ella OL CTpake rojeaHux cyGjexara .. in 6.3.1. Hpujase ipahana kao useop casnarea 0 KpusUunom Oe 6.3.2. Jlacho iipujasmusarse u ipuxpusare Kpusunnux dena 6.3.3. Buxitiumonownxu snauaj tpujasouearsa kpueusnol dena 00 cilipane ouitieheno’. 6.3.4. Hpujase iipasnux auya kao useop tiodailiaka 0 kpucurnom deny . 6.3.5. Cpedcitiea jagnoi unpopmucarsa kao useop casnarea 0 Kpuewunom deny. 6.3.6. Jaeno iiojoéaparee Kao use0p casHara o Kpueunom deny... sessecesseeceseentence 6.3.7. JTuya Koja aniaocyje tonuyuja Kao unpopmaitiope 6.4, Kpaminaanermae xnonke kao epenereo. 9 orkpirpasin KPuBHMHOr Jena H M3BpIIHONA.... cose 85 87 88 88 91 94. 94 95 95 96 100CALPIKAI VIL 7. MHDVILWUE 1 BEPSHIE . 103 7.1. Vismmuje — nojan # ananay 103 7.2. Bpere mania... 105 7.2.1, [peilixodne, uc oepenene u naxuadue unduyuje 105 7.2.2. Ouepaitiuene unduyuje. Hasun usapuiewa xpusnusior nena kao MUnULUA..... 107 Cpeuctsa sspuseisa «prsnstior seta kao nAZAEOKja.. 108 Cymipuno monaurase onpeberor summa kao Wuueuja . 108 Moras 3a isapmeme KpHBHaHOr ea KAO MAZIMTA.... 109 Kapaxrep wapwxoua kao amumnunja .... Tenecua cnojerea maapumoue kao wieHULAja.. Tpsteycrao ra wecty kpunusantor xorahaja Kao ananuuja .... 11) Tocegopaise 1 pactypaike npeera epURHHOT eN1a KAO seu Heocsionatio 6orahieme n nepaaymno, rpouletse HOBLIA KAO maja... Victtomapaine nome 3a 1apierse KpHsHsuor J nesta kao aug « Mpodecnowania suaita u peurrane xao munya . Tosuauawe oupelyeux upuuiuxa u oKosHOCTH Kao HHH) 7.3. Bepanje ~ nojam, Bpcre, miaunpare. 73.1. Kpumunanuciiuuxe xuitoiliese 7.4, Taaimparse oneparipHor pasta a ocHORY mnaanja 1 Bepanja.. 8, ,JIATHA TIMTAHA* KPHMHHAJIMCTHEE . 8.1. La ce gecuso’ . Tae ce mecuno? . Kana ce mecw0? .. . Kako ce mecnn0' Tue je Happmieno? C kame je n3epmeno? |. 3amiTo je H3BpuIeHO? . Ham kiime (ame) je u3BpueH0? . Ko je yauaunan?.. 0. Ogronopn Ha ,anarHa nuraisa” a mponepa Bepsita 8. 8. 8. 8 8 8. 8. 8. 8. RebNAuUEwW 9. KPHMMHAJIMCTIHAKA OBPAJIA . 9.1, Orkpipate KpABHEHOT jena H WIBpUNHOLA Kao THAT KPUMMHAIMCTHAKe O6paze oe 10, IPHJABJbMBAILE KPHBMUHMX JJEJIA ~ KPHBIULA TIPHJABA.. 10.1, Tojan 1 apere kpupaaue npujane. 10.2. Canpoxuma kpunvane mpajape 10.3, Oneparaaim 4 npontecin siasaj KpHRHHe npujaB 10.4, TloceSant waneurraj Kao onyHa KpHEIIHe Tpujane . 124 428 131 133 133 134 135 138VIL _ KPHMHHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA. 11, OMEPATHBHE KPAMHHAJIMCTHOKE EBA AEHUMJE 140 11.1. Tlojan a 3Ha9aj onepaTaRHHx esnneuunja 140 11.2. Bpere KPUMAHaMHCTHYKO-OlepaTHBHHX CBHI raja 141 11.2.1. Oinwitia as6yyna kapilioiliexa — undexc 142 11.2.2. Hocuje sa auye.. 142 11.2.3. Heudenuja odpehenux raiieiopuja yuumunaya, odnocno toiienyujannux paununaya. 143 11.2.4. Andya oitioipaduj 143 11.2.5. Eoudennuja eudree 143 11.2.6. Eeudenyuja nadumaxa. 144 11.2.7. Monodaxitiuiocxoticxa s6upKa 144 11.2.8. Kasnena esudenyuja 144 11.2.9. Eaudenyuja xpueurnux dena ca netiosnatiun pUUHUoyUMa.. 145 1.2.10. Eoudenyuja yxpadenux u necilianux cilieapy . 145 112.11. Eaudenyuja owivehenux... 145 11.212. Eeudenyuje neciianx nuya u eaudenyuja neudeniliubuxosanux nemesa .. 146 2, ithe 146 146 1.2.15. Jocujeu axyuja. 146 3. Modus operandi cuctem ( 147 4. 3Ha4aj KpHMMAATHICTHAKHX eBHseHMnja H CTaTHCTHIKO- -anamuruuce cuy2xe 3a OleparuBao maxupame... 150 12. MEBYHAPOHA KPHMHHAJIMCTHUKA CAPATIIBA Y CIPEYABABY H CY3BHJAIbY KPHMUHAJINTETA, 157 12.1, Hacranax m aaann paga mehynapogue opranusauny KpaMudammcruaxe nonmunje — Mereproza ...... 12.2. Capamtba Haninx nosmunjcKx oprana y oxenpy Murepuon 12.3. Kpumnnanncrauko-nommuujcka capagua y oxsupy Esponcxe ysmje ~ Esponon. 165 167 APYTH AEO OMIITE KPHMHHAJIMCTHSKE MEPE Hi PAZIDE CIPEYABABA HM CY3BHJAIBA KPHMHHAJIMTETA A, OIMUTE ONEPATABHO-TAKTHUKE MEPE HW PAA IDE TIPEBEHTHBHO PEIIPECMHBHOr KAPAKTEPA 181 181 182 1, KPHMHIHAJIMCTHYKA IIPOBEPA 1.1, Tojam m nm nposepasama 1.2. Bpere nponepa... 2. TPHKYTJDAIDE OBABELITEIDA. 3. OCMATPAB 191 3.1, Hojan a ppcre ocmatparsa .. 191 3.2. Taxraxa noctymama y ocmaTparby... 192CARPIKAT 4, IETHTUMUCAIBE 4.1, Tlojam w pasnosu sleraTumucarss 4,2. TaxTuka nerHTHMucara ... 5. YIBPBHBAIBE WEHTHTETA 5.1, Hojan # 3nayaj yraphanarsa nexti 5.2. Haman yrephunara agentareta .... 5.2.1. Haxiiunockoiiexe knoiixe kao nawun yiiephuearoa udeniduttieilia nettosHatlor yauHUOYd 2... 6. OTPAHHYEHE KPETABA HA OJ[PEBEHOM MPOCTOPY....... 6.1, Tlojam # uHsb orpannuema xperama Ha o”pelenom upocropy ... 6.2. Hpunpema 1 Takaka npenysmmarba 7. KPHMMHAJIACTUYKA KOHTPOIIA .... 7.1. Kpayomtamacraaka KouTposa H eH OHOC ca KPHMHHaJIMCTHUKOM OOpazoM... 7.2. Kaacubuxanuja kpHMunasialia Kao OCHOBH COB KOHTpOse HHXOBOT HOKalUArsa .. 7.3, Tlojam m4 uiJe nojadanor Haysopa .. 7A. Yctanonmasare Mepe nojauanor nay3opa 7.5, Jnua koja yxectryjy y enponohessy Mepe nojayanor Ham3opa 7.6. Kpnmananacraaca Korrposa w nojavann sags + nat TOTeHUHjamHMM H3BpLIHONMMa KpHBHIHHX Aema.. 7.7, Vorpeba maper apyinrsenior anraxonaiba y nipeqy3HMary nojataHor Haz3opa .... 7.8, Ynosoperse kao mepa KpummnasucTHaKe KOHTpONE . 5B, OMMITE OMEPATHBHO-TAKTHUKE MEPE Mf PAJIIBE PEMPECMBHOT KAPAKTEPA 1. TOTPAXKHA JIEJIATHOCT.. 1.1. Tojam norpasne genary: 1.2. Haena npuene norpaxue zenarnocti.., 1.3. O6smnM NoTpara 3a MAyHMa, Npe¢AMeTHMa H JeuIeBHM: 1.3.1. Toiupaie c yuren tponanasicersa mya u iipedmeitia u touipaie padu yiephusara udentiuiieitia nuya t seuesa 1.4, Bpere norpara no nospyujy tparam: 1.4.1. Jloxana toilpata 4.2. enitipania tioiipata . 1.4.3. Mehynapoona iiotipata . 1.5, Bpcre norpara no npeumety tparars: 15.1. otiepnuya 5.2. O6jaéa ... 5.3. Pactiue 0 itipaiarsy 207 208 212 212 214 216 217 218 220 221 223 229 229 231 234 235 236 236 236 237 238 238 240 241xX _ KPHMMUHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA 1.6, Moxperatse rorpare of crpanc oprauta yerytpaurisix nocsiopa H Apyrux cyGjeKara . 1.7. Honyna a mena norpara 1.8. OGuoxa u o6ycraza norpara 1.9. Herocpeana norpara ~ norepa 2, YIIOTPEBA CIELMJAJIHO JIPECHPAHHX ITACA . 250 2.1, Onurre nanomene 250 2.2. Taxruka ynorpebe noamnnjexux naca 252 2.3. Oneparmano-raxrwake mepe y3 ynlorpedy cnyxcennx niaca .... 255 3, IPAREEBE .. 260 3.1, Hojam 1 nib npahersa . 260 3.2. Bpere mpahema. 261 3.3. Taxraxa npahema 262 3.4. [pumpema u naannpaise mpahera 265 3.5. YOamnpane y xpuntiaamny npyny x20 nocebaii Bu npahera... . 265 4, KPUMHHAJIMCTHUKA TIPHMEHA TOSMTPADA vn 269 4.1, Ommrre ompenGe ....... 4.2. Yenon noaurpadexor HcnaTHBarba OcyMIDTAeHOr 271 4.3, Tawrxa nonurpadexor acmuTHBara, 272 4.4, Hyxxiocr jeanncrnene untepnperanaje pesysrrara TlomMrpadcKor MCTMTHBaIA H OCTAIHX ONepaTHBHO- =TaKTHUKHX pampi 276 4.5, Kpumunanacriaxn 1 kpusqano-npowecin nomarpadexor HomaTHBArbA..... 277 5, IMMIEHE CHOBOUIE.... . 5.1, Tlojan, 1uasb H aaKonckH OcHORH lmiueHa CIOOOE - 5.2. Onurra raxrHuka npasivia anmeta cn060ne.... 53. Taxruxa smmicma cnobomte onacHnx jemmaxeenara 5.3.1. Jauerse cnobode na oilieopenom ipocitiopy ... 5.3.2. JIuuere cno6ode y saileopenum tipocitopujama 294 5.3.3. Jhnueroe cnobode y tipesoznom cpedcilsy 298 5.3.4. JIuuerse croGode na paduom mectliy .. 299 5.3.5. JIuuere cnobode y caysbenum ipocitiopujama .. 300 5.4. Tpancnoprosare sna mMm1eHHx cno60x 300 6. 3ACEJIA KAO METOA JIMIMEA CJIOBOIE... 304 304 6.1. Hojam 1 uumepnt sacene... 6.2. Kpimmnamictaaxa npasiina noctapsbarha 1 peannzozama 3aceme 7. CEKTOPCKH HAWHH BPIIEA MO3OPHHYKE H MATPOJIHE [EJATHOCTH 312 7.1, Hoja a 311a%aj .. 312 7.2. Cexropcxn Hau mpey3HMatea oneparMBHHX TocTOBa 314CAAPIKAS XL 8. MOCIYTA CAOBPARAJHAM, CPEACTBOM u CPEACTBOM BE3E 9. TAKTHYKA YHYTCTBA ¥3 HPHMEHY MEPA HPHHYIE.... 320 319 TPEBM EO KPHMVHAJIMCTHYKO-TAKTHUKE H JIOKA3HE PAJIHSE, METOJIM HW CPEJICTBA 1, HOKA3H KAO CPEHCTBO YTBPBHBAIDA HCTHHE Y KPHBIYHOM MOCTYIKY.... 325 1.1. Tpuxyrisbame oGanemrrema kao ocHORA THIHHX 1 MarepujasmHx 20Ka3a... 327 1.2, Hpouechu Kpyarmaincrmaxn 3Ha4aj npuxymuparba ooasemrrema 329 A. KPHMMIHAJIMCTHYKO-TAKTHYKE H JOKA3HE PA JIBDE, METOJIM H CPECTBA ¥ OBE3BEBELbY JIMYHUX HOKA3A 1. 3HAYAJ MH@OPMMCAIBA O JIMILY 3A OBE3BEBEIBE JIMUHUX TOKA3A 333 2. KPHMUHAJIMCTHUKO-TICHXOJIOWIKA TPABHIA OBABJbABBA PASTOBOPA ~ IICHXOJIOWIKE KAPAKTEPHCTHKE HCKAS3A.... 336 2.1. Tpunpema u oGansaie pasrozopa — kpuMunamcrnyKa mania 339 2.1.1. Vitosacare wu yeoona pasa. 339 Dasa cnosodnoi usnaiaroa.. 340 2.1.3, Basa peitnuxe 340 2.2. OOmana Kao cpescTRo H3HyhuBama UCKa3A . 341 2:3. Cumynuparse 1 TaxtaKa oTKpHBara .. 342 2.4, Haronourka rama HCIMTaHHKa H HHXOBE HCKa3H 344 2.5. Tocedaocrn oGansarba pasroRopa ca rlojemaHnMt xateropyijama auna. 345 2.5.1. Ouitiehenu u aepitiea kao Oagaoyu uckaza. 345 Hacumamnrrro 1 nonoskaj 2xprBe... 349 2.5.2. Cileyudurmocitiu obaavarea pasioopa ca cenana 350 2.5.3. Kpusunaneiiuura iipasuaa u cireyuuemocitiu obaémarea pasiosopa ca deyom t mecroneilinuyuma 353 2.5.4, Taxtliuca obasieatea pastosopa ca cillapum muyuna. 359 3. IPHBABJbAISE MCKA3A OJ OCYMIbHIEHOL. 363 3.1, Tojam ocymmiienor a 3Ha%aj weronor cacay miata. 363 3.2. Tpuxynsbame obazcmrrema of, ocymisnucHOr cacnymiarse ocyMiBmeror . 364 3.3, TIpnipeme 3a OOasbame pasronopa ca OcymrbHeHHM 365 3.4. Taxraca cacrymama ocymmiyeHor.. 368 3.5. Hiexas ocymrsn‘enor u ieroRa CHMITTOMaTCKa CHTHKe 371XIL ___ KPH. JIMCTHKA TAKTHKA 4, CACJIYLUAEBE OKPHBJbEHOT. . 323 4.1, Hojam oxpupusenor u saKoncKa mpabiiia Beronor cacayurama.. 373 4.2, Henosnomena cpezersa npmmxo cacnymarba OKPUBIENOF, MHTaIba Koja My ce MOCTARI5a H sain HCKa3 377 4.3. Kpumanamiernyxo-racriuka upasuna OKPUBICHOP verses 378 4.4, TIpasname oxpassenor 382 5, ANMBH H HEPOBO HPOBEPABAIDE Y TIPETKPHBH4HOM H KPHBHYHOM HOCTYIKY 389 5.1, Hojam a 3nauaj atn6nja, 389 5.2. Bpere annonja ..... 389 5.2.1. Hozuitiusan u neiaidiuean anu 300 5.2.2. Heiiumuiti u neucitiunuiti anu6u. 390 5.2.3. Hoiliiyn u demusvan aiuOu . 391 5.3, Mecto n apeme kao exementy og 3Ha7aja 3a Mponepy asuGnja 391 5.4, Taxtuka nponepanatba amnOuja . 392 5.5. 3Hauaj yeuljaja 3a mponepy aanGnj 395 6. CACIIYINAIBE CBEJOKA .. 398 6.1. 3akonioxa mpania cacityrtiama cnenoxa.. 398 6.2. Bpcre cpeqoxa.. 402 6.3, Kpumanamacrauxa ipasiiia caciymiarea caenoka 1 hopeaswana 36yrcHoct 403 6.4. Hosnomena 1 Hoosnosera Mixrarwa TIPHATAKOM cacmyliara CBeHOKa 1 ApyrHx JHU... 406 6.5. Kpumunaancrimco yraphusaise sepoocrojHocrn Mcka3a CBe0Ka.. 7. TIPEMO3HABABE . 410 7.1, Tlojam u pete npenosnanana. 410 7.2, Tpenosnazase sna. ail 73. [penosuaparse crsapit 417 7-4. TIpenosnanaise sewena 418 7.5. Tipeno3naname Mecta kpumunamior morabaja.. 419 8. CYOUEBBE .. 421 8.1. Taxtwraxa npasuna cyouera. 422 9. 3AKJIETBA — MEPA 3A OBE3BEBEHbE BEPOJOCTOJHOCTH HCKA3A. 424 10. 3ATMMCHUK O CACJIYUIAIbY OKPMBJBEHOr UM CBEJIOKA — ITPABIUIA CAYHIBABAHA KPHMHHASIMCTHYKH 3HAYAS 426 10.1, JloxyMentopare Hcka3a ,.MeXaHMUKHM 3allHCHHKOM 42811. TAJHO JIOPOBAPAIBE KPAMMHAJIAIIA .. 11.1. Haauun rajuor xoroeaparsa 4 TaKtHKa OTKpHBALLA 11.2. Tajuo goronapaise micmenmm nyTem 11,3. Tajne Hapxomanexor rosopa ... LL4, Texauua cpenersa kao Momye onepanjit Kpunoraanor Jorosapatba yu Bpiliera KPUBHYAMX ea YOMMITE ............ 12. WPABRH MW KPHMUMHAJIMCTHYUKM ACNEKTH YHOTPEBE TEXHUUKUX CPEJICTABA 3A TAJHY OTICEPBALIHJY COBOPA .. 5. KPHMHHAJIMCTHYKO-TAKTHYKE H JOKA3HE PAJIbE, METOJIM H CPEJICTBA Y OBE3BEBHBAY MATEPHJAJIHMX JIOKA3A. i, TIPEJ(METH MW TPATOBM KPMBHMYHUX J[EJIA KAO MATEPHJAJIHH JOKA3H . 1.1. Tparosu 1 muxos KpHMMHanucTHAKH 3Ha4aj . 1.2. Tparopa nanunapunx mnja, cromasa u apyrn tparosn KOjM NOTH Of FOBeKa . 1,3. BuonomKu TparoBn sBycKor nopexiia 1.4. Tparosm ynorpese natpenor opyxxja 1.5. Muxporparosn n ocranm TparoBn. 2. KPMMMHAJIMCTHYKA OBPAJIA JIMA MECTA ~ — PAJIE HA MECTY KPHMHHASIHOr AOPABAIA 2.1. Tlojam v 3nataj sma Mecra... 2.2. OGeax6cheme sma MeCTA ......... 2:3. Mpuxymspame oGaneurrema Ha suny Mecta 3. YBHBAJ.. 3.1, Hojam, npeamer u 3xavaj yeuaja. 3.2. Henocpenuo onaxasse kao ocHoBHn eement aedramutje o yeuljajy . 3.2.1. Muxpoitipatoeu u netiocpedno oilanicaree 3.3. Yuecuaun y spmemy yeuhaja 3.4, [Ipanpeme 3a apurere yauhaja. 3.5. ase y apurewy yauhaja... 3.5.1. Ctuaiinnca pasa .. 3.5.2. Junamunxa pas 3.6. Pan Kpumnnannoruuxor rextnaapa a yauhajy 3.7. 3amucauk 0 yBubajy ...... 8. Bpmeme yaubaja na ocnosy noKasmmara sauna Mecra 3.9. Tlonanmatse yanhaja. 445 449 449 452 454 455 456 457 457 459 465 47) 47 475 456 478 479 AT9 48h A82 485 488 489 490 492 492 493XIV _ _KPMMUHAJIACTHKA TAKTHKA 0. Yeuhaj nay aiunMa 4 npezmernna, 1, 3aanaj yeubaja 3a orkprsame anrapannx 1 BpAKpHDeHAX KpHBHUstX JENA 494 3.12. Yeuhaj, maamurje 1 wepsyj 499 3.13. Unamnuje m nenrrarenme naxon yanbaja. 500 EKOHCTPYKIWIA JOTABAJA 4.1, Hojam a use pekoncrpyxaiss} 4.2. Tnanmpame # apmere poxonctpyxstnje. 3. ape PECAIBE.. 5.1. Tojam, snavaj 1 npanen ction nperpecarsa .. 5.2. Bpere nperpecama.... 5.3. Onurra rartusKa npanmiia y oauocy Ha MecTo, HauMA 1 Bpeme mperpecarsa.. Si 5.4. TIpuGop 1 onpema Kost mperpecaria 513 5.5. Tiperpecaise crana u zpyrax mpocropyja 514 5.6. Cxeonn mperpecarsa .. 517 5.7. TIponecuu 4 oneparusHin snasaj mperpecata craria 1 3 51 Apyrax npocropyja. 5.8, Tipympemne paimse 1 Zpyrux mpocropuja. oa 5.9. Tlocedim cayuajeny mperpecama crana 1 ApyrHx KTuka Nperpecama crasa H mpocropuja. 5.10. Lperpecame cro6oauor mpocropa, 531 5.11. Tperpecame mpenosnux cpeytcrana 533 1, Batipeocna eosuna, buyjuwns, momorurcne 535 Tyicrwenca eo3una 535 Ayitio6yeu 53 Kamuonu, yuciiepne, xaadwaue, Konbuu Opyia Mepeitina soxuna 5.11.5, Bozoeu . 5.11.6. devon 5.12. Hperpecame sma 12.1 Henuuino tpeiipecarse nye. . Tloiaiiiyna (deitiarono) tipelapecarse nary 5.13. Santee o mperpecarpy , 6. TIPEMJIE]] OPEBEHUX OBJEKATA VW MPOCTOPHIJA APKABHUX OPTAHA, PAMHUX OPTAHV3AUMJA U APYTUX YCTAHOBA HM OPPAHHB3ALNMIA..... 7. YBUJ Y OJPEREHY JIOKYMEHTAIMIY OPPAHA, OPrAHVB3ANMIA H 3AJEQHUIA.. 8, IPHBPEMEHO OJ[Y3MMAIBE IIPEJIMETA . 8.1, Hocryname ca npmmpemenio ony3erHM penser 8.2. pappemenio onysumarse cnnca : Tipuspesseso onysnntatse nor TOUILDICEE yc seqeensevsertntntnee 560 363 S04 565_ CARPHKAT XV 9. CHELM®UYHOCTH BPUIEIA KPHMHMHAJIMCTHYKUX PAJIH HA TNIOBHOM OBJEKTY 567 9.1. Kpujymuaperse pote muionnum 06) 569 9.2. Hpetpecarse 4 npumpemero oftysuMatke mpenMera Ha TIOBHAM OGjeKTAMA........ 573 93. Kpmaaunatirernaxa oGpasta me Mecra Kpuwuuamuor morabaja Ha 6poyy... 576 10, BELTAUBIDE . 580 10.1, Hojane » xpumimnammernaxn saa} Bemradera 580 10.2. Bpcre pemrrayerba. 582 10.3. 3axoncKa H onurra KpuMMHasIMernaKa Mpasy BenITATeHa .. 584 10.4, Tonoxaj eurraka y kpiswanom noctymx 588 10.5. Beurayere na Mecty Kpumunamnor A0r (caryanmono enrratere) . 10.6, Hpernon Tema ocymapienor Kao yarihaj H netrraderee . 10.7. Beurtauewe jtyniesor sapasma Oxpasbenor 10.8, Henocrann nojeamanx ppcta nemrasersa il. CTPY4HA JIMITA.... 12, CABPEMEHE TEH{EHUMWE Y¥ KPUMMHAJIMCTHI 598 5 13, IPEJUIO3V 3A - YCTIEMIHVE KPHMHHASIMCTHEKO. TIOCTYTIABE Y_CY3BHJABY MH CIIPEYABABY KPHMMHAJUATETA ... 602 13.1. Kpimamasneriixo mipenerrrisiio nocrysarse nommtrje 603 13.2. Kpamunamctako noctytame y KpuBitnioM moctymky. 606 KPMMMHAJIMCTM4KO-TAKTHUKE CHTYALMIE . 615 MCHMTHA TIMTADA......... 627 BUBIMOPPAOHIA....... 635TIPEZVOBOP YuSenme Kpumunanceituxa Maxilura, xojn cxojum canpyajem 20- cUCHHO TpaT MCTOMMeHM HacTaBHM MpeyMer, o6yxBata HajoOumunju, Ga- 3HHH 20 KpUMMHaJMCTHKe y OKBAPy MATHYHUX HacTaBAMX AHCIMTUAHA va Tommpjoxoj axayemuju. Y yroqnom seny yuSenux caspacr onmre unopmayuie o Kpumana- HHCTHIUM KAO HaYUM VW WpakTH4Hoj AMCUMIVIMHM, LOK Ce OCTAIH TeIOBM ON- HoCe Ha KpUMMHasIMICTHAKe Mepe, pajlbe, MeTose H cpencrRa Koju Mporpam- cKH NpHnasajy onoj Ppa KpuMunamncTaKe, Hacrasya Marepyija je npesenTupata y ckalty C MPHHUHTIOM Of on- mer Ka HOjeqMHayHOM Kako 6H CTYAeATH WaKTe CxBATHTH cnerMpHIHO- CIM y NporpamMuMa OcTanHXx KpHMMHaNMCTHYKHX DMclMMMHa. OpakaB Me- TOMONOUIKK UPHCTYM OnpapaH je TPHXOTOMHOM HOseOM KPHMMHAaHCTAKe, KAO Hi OCTANHX MeHHX Tpana, KOje TaKohe umajy Teopujexy ocroBy (xeypa- CHUKa, CHIOPHCTMYKA, TIpeBenTHBHa), ¢ OO3MPOM Ha TO a HaBeyeHe Nosene omoryhanajy weHo CHcTeMaTH4Ho H TeMesHO u3yyaBatse, [pu Tome, He HO- croje ocnone 3a aBame NpHopuera Suro Kojo] Tpanm KpuMuHanncrm«e jep cy one Mehyco6xo ozesane 1 nporpamexa yexnalene. Yocranom, one noye- Ji¢ KPHMHBQIHCTHKe Ha pale, HakO METONOIONIXH OMIpaBIAHe, HMajy BALE TeopajckH H aMyaKTHIKH Hero MpakrH4Hn sHavaj Ha Hemy ce y yyGenMKy m0- ce6Ho HHCHCTMpa, OMHOCHO MaTepHija ce n3llake y cKmay c NoTpebama npak- ce y Kojoj ce NojeuMHOCTH caxKHMajy y jeqMucrBeHy IpakTHany Wewany. VuSeunx Kpuunanucitiuxa taxiiuxa je cBojum canprajem yomepen ka cupevapany M1 OTKpuBamy KpUBMIHNX sea, OSex6ehmBaLby AOKaga, Ma- ‘Tepyjannux n aWOHHX, y3 Hacrojaibe 4a ce HoBexy U yexuaye HOpMe 3aKo- HMKa 0 KPHBHGHOM MOCTYIIKy ¢ KPHMMH@IMCTHIKUM MocTynamem y mpet- KPHBHYHOM H, KesI0M, y Kpu“sHaHOM toctynxy. Luss je 4a ce oBo jemuRCTBO KPHBHUHO-UpONCHOr H KPAMMHAMCTIYKOr HOCTyMatba, Kao gH (opme H Caqpkaja, WTO MOTIyHHje yrpann y KoopaMANpary H ycKuahewy capamy oprava nommuje ca oprauama kpupmanor mpazocy)a. Y yuGeuury je noceOva nana rocnehena oayBarby HW 3alTHTH Jbyy- ckux nmpana # cnoGoma, HayenHMa XyManOCTH H 3aKOHHTOCTH, Kao H mpode- CHOHAMHO} ETHIM, KAO RCONXOZHHM KOMTONCHTAMAa caBpeMere KpHMMHaTH- cTHKe.Xvi _KPHMMHAJINCTHKA TAKTHKA Cpaauno 3axpamyjem tWemeHHM pelen3eHTHMa Ha adupMaTHeHum oljeHaMa, Kao H Maso6pojHum anM BaxKAHM cyrecTHjama. 3nauajHy TexHMH- ay u ctpy4ny tiomoh y UpHipema pykonuca Hpyxkumu cy Mit acucreHT Mp Jlapko Mapanxosuh, xao spenen aqmimncrparasan pamaunn Munojiea Kosauesuhi-3exah u JIparana Cranxosuh. Cauma mma, Kao u ocramma Koju cy Ma moMornu, Hajcpnauanje saxnamyjem. 3a ayTopa he caakaxo OurH snavajHa H oWeHa oBHX ONMX KOjH ce Mpa- XTHUHO, HaySHO-neTpaXMBAGKH WIM Ha GUO KOjM ApyrH Naw Gaze xpn- MHH@IMCTH4KOM MaTepHjOM TOM yCuOBOM, HapaBHoO, Ja OyAy 3amHrepeco- BaHH 3a OBY KmuTy. Hajaparca onena una tie Sura onena cryzenara. Beorpag, éeGpyap 2005. ronuie AYTOPTIPBH EO KPMMUHAJIMCTHKA KAO HAYKA M UPAKTHMUHA JEJIATHOCT 1, TIOJAM VW 3HAYAJ KPHMVMHAJIMCTUKE Cynporeransane KprMmnammrety sHasajan je npeaMer mpoysanama MHoroOpojanx Hayaanx jucuutmHa, Caspemeno sIpyluTBO HoceOHy max my mocsehyje Haysnom pa3nojy m npahemy yocrurnyha y nays o6nac- uma. Jenna on najsvasajanjux Hayxa xoje ce Gaze mpoysanarsem KpUMu- Hammrera jecte Kpummnasuctuxa. Kpumunamnctuka je Hayka Koja cBOjCTBeHMM HaydHHM H UpakTH4HuM MeTonaMa mpovanasi, Hpoyyasa, upastarohjasa u ycaspmasa vajayeKnat- Huje HaqMHe, NOCTYNKe M MeTOe, c IMEM a Ce OTKpHje M pacBeTsH KpH- BUMIHO TeNO, OTKPHje USBpIINEAY YKOAHKO je HerosHaT, UpHKyne u oGe36e- ae Marepyjami 1 aitHH YOKasH, a pagum yraphunarwa Marepujanie uctune, yenlewmor Nokpetawa M OKOHYAaHa KpMBUIHOr HocryrKka, Kao M pam cupe- ‘abaiba KpABHAHX ztena, Kpaunamacraa y OBOM MpaxTHaHoM pearn30- Baby KOPHCTH CBOje HCKyCTBeHe MeTONE, aM H MCTONE ApyrHx HayKa Koje y Mpaxcu npysiarohana caojum norpebama, np semy one, mpunarofene w ycaBpuiene, Hy2KHO AOOnjaiy KPHMMHAaTHCTHUKH KapaKrep. C acnekTa ene TpakTHYHe MpHMeHe, y IpeBeHTHBHOM H perpecuB- HOM CMHCIY, KPHMHMHamMcTHKa je 3acTyTbeHa y Mpakcu opraHa yHyTpa- IX MOCHOBA H KPUBHYHOF NpaBocyha, ay HeuITO MamOj Mepu H ApyrHx oprana. Kpumunanucruxa y upaxrianoj mpuMmenu ycsaja m KopucrH saKonnTo- CTH H Mpapwia ApyrHx Hayka, Npwiarohapa ux HW MpHMeHMyje, C WHJbeM TO0c- ‘Ta3area corierBeHnx pesy.itara. Oa, Takohe, ipuMemyje concraena ncKyc- ‘YBa, NpeHoc HX M ycaspmiaBa y NpakTHuHOM pasy NpH CupesaBawy u Ccy3- Oujamy Kpmmunanureta, Ozaj ersakrnu u emnupujcKu Kapaxtep uMa He caMO IIpeBeHTHBHa Hero H penpecuBKa KpuMuamactuKa. Mehytum, 70K je NpeseHTHBHA KpHMMNaNMCTHKa Ha NOYeTKY pasoja, pepecuBua KpuMua- JIMCTHKA Cé BEOMA pa3BHJIa TAKO Ja NOKPHBa HajBehn We KpHMMAAACTHYKE AearHocTH.KPHMHHASIMCTHKA TAKTHKA _ Uwe npaxrwine Kpumunanctuke jecre cymporcransare Kpummna- TATCTY ca TIpeReHTHBHOT M perpecHBHOr acteKTa, a/IM M Ca acrieKTa noje- AMHAuHUX OGjeKata H Nponeca, KOK ce KpUMMHANMCTH4Ka HayKa Gash Way yabamem OGjeKTMBHNX 3aKONUTOCTH Koje ce OMMOCE HA CHpeTaBarLe H Cy3~ Gujame KpuMuHanmrera na onmTem mmasy. Osa aBa yoxnahena riponeca MehycoOHo ce peammayjy Tako uIro KpuMtunanucrHuxa HayKa npuMeryje OMMUTE, OHOCHO cHenjanne HTH NoceSHe MeTOse Ha eEMNMpHICKH, KPHMH- uanncrnuxn Mavepujas. Ha Taj HadHH KpHMuHancrHKa Kao Hayxa o6aB- sajybu caojy pynxunjy npowasasn, yesaja n ycaspuaa nojemue 1 na na- yaw 3acHOBane TIpHHiune, MeTome H cpelcrsa, KOjH ¢ LWbeM peurazaia Hay4HHX HM lpaKTHYHMX KpHMHHaJIMCTHYKHX 3agjaTaka WOrpHHoce cy36uja- BY KDMMHHasTeTa y IpeTKpHBM4HOM M KPHBM4HOM HOCTyIKy. Tlogena kpymnnamieruxe Ha mpesertunny 1 penpecusny, Mana uma nyHO TeopercKor onpasama, jom Hema uspmther ocnowna y npaxcu, 3aTo ce KpuMmuanncruka Kao Hayka jou usyuaza, Hajpehum jes10M, «ao perpe- cupua genaruocr, Gyayhu na je cKopo uenoKynna y ynxunjy Kpuswsnor nocrymxa n 6e3 o63ipa Wa TO Aa TH Ce HeMOcpenHO NpaKTHsHo peauayje mpe caMor nocTyika WM y TOKY wera. PenpecBHa KpHMMHamucrnKa je yCKO NoBesaHa Ca HayKOM KpMBHUHOr TpouecHor Wpawa jep ce OHA TIpoTexKe He CaMo Y NpeTKpHRMYHOM NocTyTIKy Beli 1 Kpo3 ope haze KpHBMaHOr NOCTynKa, npoxkUMajyhu jenarHoct cBAX Hbe- rosux cyGjexara, Hapasno, kayla je peu 0 KpHBHYHOM HlocTynKy, penpecuBua Kpumunaictuka Hajpehu 3Hadaj uma y UcTpa3H, Maja ce HeeHe MeTOse KOpH- cTe M Ha riaBHoM Mpetpecy, Kana TpeGa cacnymlaTM cBeqoKe, OKPHBsbCHOT, BeulTake, OGaBHTH paslby penosHaBaa H CyOuaBakba, NOCTABHTH BepsHje, msepmmarn yenhaj (ipersem muna mecta, pecosctpyknnja porabaja). Pann yr- pphymama HeTane y KpHBHMHOM HocTyNKy, KpuBMaHONponecum cySjexru (cy- Auja, Opanviau, upxasHH TyKHNAaL), Wa On OCTBapHIH CBOje OCHOBHE :byHK- muje, Mopajy 2a Kopricre He camo Tipasue Beh 1 KpHMHNAICTHaKe MeTOLe. 1.1. Jedmsnunje kpunnasnerince Jena 6poj ayropa medunnure KpumuHamMcrHKy KaO HCKBYINBO TO- SMUMjcKy HayKy, SaneMapyjyhM NpH TOM eH OLlcer H MHOTO MMpa HONpy- ja mpumene y Kpanunom noctynKy on crpane oprana npasocyha, Kao H Yormre meHy IpUMcHy Of crpane ApyTHX APyMITRCHHX H ApaaBHAX cyOje~ Kata KOjM KpUMHNaNMCTHaKe MeTONe Mory UpHMeIbuBaTH 1 H3Bam cyxema- Baia ca KpHMunanretom. Mehytam, nperexan 6po} xedarmmnja xpunm- HAaJHCTHKy HoBe3syje Ca heHOM yOroM y cy30Hjamy KpuMHHannTeTa AC0- Bamem nlommunje win KpABHaHor mpasocyta. Taxo, wmp., Locard (1934) HOA KPHMHNATHCTHKOM HoApasyMeBa ,,yKYMHOCT HaydHHX MeTOsa koje ce TpHMemYyjy Y NOIMIMjH pag ycraHoBIaBaiba KPHBHYHOT Dela M HAeHTH- cuxosama w3npmmona* (crp. 3)w KPHMMHAJIUCTHKA KAO HAYKA H IIPAKT! Y netom cmmcay je uw xedummmuja npema xojoj je xprmenameraxa »CKYM MHcaoHMX rmporleca ~ NoctynaKa ~ Mepa ~ MeToga H MRCTUTynHja, Hj je uum cucremarcKo pazjammazalbe KpHMMHaTHOr HloHaliama y cyan mipanocyha'.. One je, nak, 3aemapena KpHMeMannerayKa ynora romaje Ha pay kpuprasor upasocyha. M ueKe nosuje zebununuje kpumunanncruce Ty yaory noxpehyjy yoxum uactatynHowamamd oxsnpuma. Tipema Geerdsu (1980) ,,kpummnanuctaKa je Hayka 0 HenocpeaHoM penpecuBAOM HM MpeReH- THBHOM cy36ujaxsy KpHMMMaTuTera om crpane oprana KpUBMMHOT TomeMA Ht HBUXOBMX CapaqHHKa y 2HBOTHO} craapHocru (erp. 34). Hpema F. Louwageu (1948) ,,xpumnacnerina je yseme 0 nemehisa- iY kpwBuaHnx aena". Onaj ayrop wctuue nomeny KpaMutamacruKe Ha Tax- ‘Tuky M TeXHUKY H OBa NoCTaBKa Huje ocTaia Ges omjeKa H Ha MehyHapos- HOM many, ¢ O63HpoM Ha TO Na je Louwage 6uo ayrorommmH yHKUHo~ rep up Mebynapoanoj opranmannju xpammuanuctiase aomuunje (Vu repion). Cua6ocr ope nedpunmiutje je y wejacnocrn camor mojMa ,ucsehe- ie H Offa, HeCyMIBHBO, cy7KaBa NOMeH KpHMuRaTHCTAKe y ynKuMoHaN- Hom cmHcay. KprMmnanicraxa kao mpakrautia qenatTHOCT HetIocpemHO ce peammayje y mpakcu nperkpusw4nor w KpHBHaHOr MocTynKa, na je Heon- PABAAHO HeHO BesHBAMe camo 3a NojenMne oprane, HH (base c OGsHpow HA To ma je ona y byaknuju Kaxo donuuuje Tako u oprava KpuByaHor mpaBo- cyba y xoje caso cnajajy oprann xpusuavor rorwena. Pastor oBaKBOr PeCTpHKTHBHOr cxBataHa KpHMUHaMHCTaKe Bama TPakUTH y UueHHIM Wa KPAMHHAIMCTHKA KAO HayKa HeMa Wyry Tpanwyn- Jy, 04 Sera norH4y cacByM pa3iMunta, a YecTO H KONTpaaMropna CxBaTa~ Wa 0 menoj cymrHnn. Hajime, Mehyram, wMa cxnaraa, oxNocHo aedA- HHUMja Koje cyxkaBajy men 4OMeH, 1). pbyaKunjy. Hex ayropa Kao ocnos 3a gedunncae Kpummuanacruke ysumajy nOjemMe MeTOHE H CpeACTBa Koje KpHMHNaIMCTHKa KOpHcTH Y CBOM HIpaK- THIHOM HCTOMABArby, OAHOCHO Y OTKPURAY KPUBHTHMX yea M yaHHMTA- ua. Mucucrupamse aa mHoro6pojitam Merosama, MepaMa 1 pamrbama Koje KpuMMHaaucTuKa Kopuctu, 6e3 oO3Mpa Ha cuaGocrm TaKBHX CxBaTama, npyxka Moryhnocr Tpojrle TeopyjcKe Tonene Kpmmmuamneruce. Tako, amp. jenna on o6yxsarnujux sedmannuja norwae om ayropa H. Eyricha u H. Stér- zera (1984). FIpema mumubery oBux ayropa, ,,kpHMMHanucraKa je mpume- mena HaysHa 7HCHHTLIHNA Koja, ¢ jeme crpane, oByxnara MeTONe H 3HamKA ocTasux Hay4HHx mMogpyyja, a c Apyre crpane, yrlyhena je Ha TecHo HoBe- 3uBaise ca npaxcom™ (crp. 11). Bacumes (1980) cmarpa ja je ,.kpumanamicraxa Hayka 0 Opranys0Ba- HOM, TUIaHCKOM pacBeTaBamy KPUBMUHUX yea, ecbuKACHOM MpUKynBaABy 4 MCHMTHBay AOKA3a y Clulally Ca pOMeHaMa KPHBHAOMpOUecHOr papa HO cnpeyasarmy KpuBrmnx Jena, a myrem tIpuMene cpeycrana, Ha4dHHa 1 MeTOMa pasBHjeHHX Y OKBUpy APYIHX HayUHHX AUCHMTTMHA H TIpusarolje- HHX HeTpaxHoj mpaxcu (crp. 6).4 _ KPMMMHAMCTHKA TAKTHKA Hpema Ceccaldiju (1962), ,y mupem cMueny KpHMmMasmeTuKa je yry- moet nocTytiaka Kojm ce MpuMeyjy y mponanaxemy 1 usyqanamy Mare- pujame cTpane siouwna pagn AoGujama noxKasa" (ctp. 6) Hapeyene tpw acunuunje, Hako moTH4y Of ayTopa ca pasmmuNTHX nompyyja u pasmunrax naysnmx opujentannja, yKasyjy Ha TO za KpuMt- HQIMCTHKa KOPHCTH MeTONe Apyrux HaykKa, mo je jena Of GUTHHX osTHKA oBe HayY4HE AMCUMIIMHE HM MCTOBPEMeHO OCHOBA 3a HeHY TpojHy noyery. Jonant 6poj nedummuja, mehyrum, ne yKasyje Ha Taxay Moryhio' eli KpHMMHaTHCTHKy, OMHOCHO HERE MeTORe, CpexCTRa H MW RERe TYMATH yexo. [pumepa pau, J. Osterburg (1969) nme: ,.Kpumunasueruma je na yka o mBHayannsannjA® (cTp. 97; Amexch w Munosanonuh, 1994, erp. 21). Ha cman HayHH KpHMuHanncTuKy zeduume jom jexax 6poj ayropa, orpanuazajyhu mex canpxaj ua woxpyyje uacsrabuxanuje mana, npemme- ra u rparosa. Nicol (1975) mmme o ,ugenrnpuxannjn sma, amentapuKa- WwijM MaTepHijala M ugeNTHTery NpeyMeta Kao caapKajy KpUMMAATHMCTHIKe nayxe“ (crp. 232). Barbera a Turegano (1991), como Tome, nermay za je »KPUMHHAJIMCTHKA CKYM Hay4HHX 3Haiba Koja ce TipumMemyjy y acrpaxuBa- Fey KPHBHOHHK Jena, C WHmeM fa oMoryhe uAenTHpuKanjy yaunuona 1 Hokaky Heroso yaemhe y usspmemy nena" (crp. 15). Ha onaj HaqnH Kpu- MHHamncTHKy Lepuumime u O'Hara (1980, erp. 5), noucronehyjyhu je ca HCTpHkUBaheM KpHBHAHX sesa (crime investigation), kao BemTHAYy npH- KyIJbatha GHISCHMIA Ha OCHOBY KOJHX Ce Mory HAeHTHuKOBATH uM yXBATH- TH YIHHMIa H WOkasH werowe KpHBuye. M Cases KpHmMuHaucta Kanu- (bopumje cyxasa xedurmtnjy ope nayxe. TIpema tmuxoBsoM MHIWbeHy, _KpuMuuamucraka je npodecuja u Haysna auchumuma yupasmena Ha mpe- NOSHababe M HAeHTHpMKAWjy, HHDMBHAyaTH3aNjy uM ouleHy MaTepHjan- HX toKa3a NyTeM MpHMere NpHpPoNUHX HayKa y MpaBHM CTBapHMa‘. 3uaran Opoj ayropa pedunume KpuMunanucraxy Kao Hayky Koja ce peanusyje HOCTACIUKTHO TO H3BPLICHOM KPMBHUHOM JeNy, C IMbeM OT- kpnBama KpaBHYHOr ea NM yanHHONa H OGe3x6ehnBama WoKa3a. Opn ayTo- pH 3aHeMapyjy mpeBeHTHBAY KoMMONeHTY y KpAMUHamHcTHNM, wHjAM edpe- KTHMa Teak Hajgelin 6poj caspemenux HayKa o KpuMunamuTety. Hasozumo Heke On THX Ne@uMUHja KaKo Geo Hx HBAMBOfHII OF OHHX KOje KPHMH- Hamucraxy exnatajy Kao HayKy Koja WMa 3a MIs He camo cy36ujame Beh 1 ciipedapaise KpumuHanutera. Y upaor uckeysBo pempecuBioM cxpaTarby KPHMHNATHCTHKe, Koje ce ornena y odesGelnnamy mateprijamtnx yoKasa, Tparowa H NMpemMeTa Ha- BORMMO cnefehe nee Aebunuinje: F. Cunliffe a P. Piazza (1980): ,.Kpumu- HanWeTHKa je IpHMeHa HaySHHX MeTORa youaBalba M aHaNH3e, C WHJBEM OT- Kpasama W TyMadewa Marepyjammx joKasa (crp. 9). TIpema R. Gonzalesu (1982), xpumunamacrmxa je yucuununa ,,Koja MpHMeyje OCHOBHa casHakba, MeTOze HM TexXHMKe UpHpOAHHX HayKa y HC- HUTHBamy MarepHjanHx TparoBa Koju cy y Be3H ca MpermocTapseeHuMKPHMHHAJIMCTHKA KAO HAYKA H TIPAKTHYHA JEJIATHOCT 5 KPHBHaHUM sesIOM, a pam npyxxama Tlomohw opranviMa xpapwanor nocty- Tika ya Jeno peKOHCTpynury, YTBpAe HeToRO MocTOjawHe H MpenMsupajy 3a- xpare Koje Tpe6a mpeaysern (crp. 22). Ha cmmuan aun Mexcuusn ayrop J.M. Sosa (1982) aedimmure kpumunanucrury, cyxxanajyhn men mpeamer ut caypxaj. Ox nasoym: ,,.Kpammuamicraxa je nomohna xpyswsna HayKa Koja MpHMetyje CBOja Ca3Hatba, MeTOJe M TeXHMKe Ha M3yYaBarbe MaTepH- janx Tparopa, pagqv OTKpHBaba 4 Hayunor yrsphuBarba nocrojaba nper- TOCTaaGeHor KpHBUYHOr ea H YaHHHONA, KAO H OGe3ehema 7OKA3a 2a oprane Kpupuusor noctymsa (crp. 22; Anexculi m Munozanosuh, 1993, erp. 8). Camano rome, Kirk (1975) ze@unuue KpymunanicTHKy Kao ,,mpo- yuanane uswaxnx oOjexara u oKomocra xoje omoryhyjy oxparame 1 pe- XOHCIpyucame KPMBHYNOF Jena, yotanoBmeme sumeHMTAa u yraphusarse KpuButie WU HeBHHOCTH OKpuBmeuor (Crp. 111). Kpumnmanicruxa je HacTata Ka0 NONMIMjcka JHCIMTUIMHA, Mpe cBera mpakTw4na, 4a Ou cBOj oncer Npolumpuna Ha uperKpuBM4AN HM 3HaTAH Teo kpupirador noctynKa. Ocum pempecusnor cagpxcaja, obo) Hay ce c mpa- BOM NIpHgaje HW MpeBeHTMBHA 3HaYaj, HakKO MeTosIe, cpelicTBa M edeKTH Ha npeBeHTHBHOM many YMHoroMe 3aocTajy 3a pempecnBHuM. Hazegene gzeduumuuje o kpuMananacrann y 3HaTHoj Mepu cy2KkaBajy TpexMer weHOr Mpoydanara, a CaMUM ‘THM H MOApy4je Haysnor H MpaK- tusnor nenosama. Hopnja cxparama o Kpumnnanuctamu, Hapownto pyc- KHX H HCTOUHOCBPONCKHX ayTOpa, UCTHYY IeHY caMocTamocT, Upusajy- ‘hn joj npecyaan 3na4aj npu orkpunamy u joKa3uBary KpuBHaANX gena u KPHMMHasHe YCMATHOCTH 1a MOxKe Y NPCTKPHBMYHOM UM KPHBHIHOM TOC- Tyuiky uctahw we caMo meH penpecusnM Hero u mpesenTuBHN Kapaxrep. Taxo, 1a npumep, ocum Bacwmesa u Benxan (1976) neraye: ,,Kpawuna- SMcTHKa je HayKa 0 3aKOHOMepHOcTHMa NacTajama, NPHKynBAama, HeMH- THBama, OlleHe M KOpHihema WOKa3a, KaO MH Ha THM 3aKOHOMepHOCTHMa 3acHOBaHHM cpejCTBHMa H MeTOjaMa cyJCKOr HeTpwkKHBaHA HM crIpeda- Batsa KpuBHUHHX sera (crp. 34). Takole, u apyru pycku ayropu Hanone aa je Kpuanranuctua ,uuopmarmsuo-cnosHajna crpykrypa jenarHoc- TH Y Be3H Ca OTKPHBabeM, PACBeTJbaBarheM HM CHpeyaBalbeM KPHBHYHHX nena“ (Kpammnamicrnka, 1986, erp. 8). Momsen aytop Gutekunst (1974) Aebwumue KpuMMAANNCTHKY Kao ,,HaYKY 0 TAKTHUM M TexHMH yauRMa- Ha KPHBHYHUX esa M TeXHHY M TaKTHUM MCTpwkKUBawmA H Clpevanawa kxpupianux jena (erp. 2-26). Ha cnmyan nauun KpymMunasmicrnicy o6ja- unpasa u Holyst (1981), Koja cmarpa ya je KpuMunmamacruKxa HayKa 0 »MeTOaMa YCTAHOBIbaBalba YMIEHALA KPUBMYHOY esa, HAMA HeroBor HSBPIUIema, NpOHAaKerba YIHHHNAala H Cpevapawa KpHBHAHHX yesa (czp. 12). Oxako genuKu Opoj AetpuHMuNja pasM4NTOr caupxaja, OMHOCHO pas- JIMSHTHX OCHOBA H KpHTepHjyMa on KOjAX Monase HHXOBA ayTopH, HHH wa je JaHac KpHMaMamHcTHKa, HaKO MpakTHYHO yrememena RayKa, y TeopHj-6 KPHMMHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA, cKOM cMifcsy HenpensHo ompehena, usmehy ocranor u 360r pasmranTux KpHTepHjyma of KojAx NojequAN ayTopy monase. Camum THM, OApehuBame jemmucizese Jebunnuuje KpumMunanucruke je usy3seTHO cNOx%KeH 3amaTaK ynpaso 36or pemuxor Gpoja pasmmunrnx zedbummnja. Muore aeurmuje cy HenperM3sHe, OK pyre cyxaBajyhu me MpeAMeT camo jeMMAGHO o6yxBatajy noypy4je menor upakTHanor H HayyHor oncera. Pasnor TaKBHM npwia3iMa je, OWMTeQHO, y HeayekBaTHOM Carnezasamy KpUMHNaNHCTHKe W3BaH IhCHUX CHCTCMCKHX OKBHpa y KOjMMa OHa JlaHac CacBHM ospehero ucnosbasa, o“HOcHO MaHuectyje cBojy yuyrpanmsy crpyxtypy, cnosmne nese H (byHKuMOHamue nHseBe.! Pastospenoct canpyaja neunanuja, Mehytam, ynyhyje Ha wmemmy Ja KpuMMHanuctuka Buje BuMe caMo Maga AaysHa AuCHMDAMHa, Beh Hay- xa yuja je TeopyjcKa yremesenocr y sanpuinoj asa. Bemxu Opoj sedbu- HMUuja 1 pasiWanTH caip Kaj WU Mpwna3n KPMMAHasIMCTHNM TOROpe O HC~ Ho} Benmxoj pasyhenocra m oOyxnarHocTH, a caMHM THM 1 0 3HaNajy, He caMo HocTueIMKTHOM Beh mw upeBedTHBHOM. Hanm sogeha ayropu xpummaanucraxy aehnmmmy na obyxsaran na4uun ucTMuyhu, pe cRera, HEH 3Ha4aj He caMO pM OTKpHBamy KpHBH- wHHX yea H yaAMana (NpeTKpHBHInH HoCcTyNak) Hero H pH AOKazH- namy, omHocHo mpecyhemy Kpanuaix noma (Kpnsnand nocrynak). [pm TOM cy oG6yxBahene OcHOBHe MeTOJe KPHMMHATHCTHYKOT MOCTynakba, He camo penpecusne seh 1 mpesentanne, 1). KomMKO Hayane TOnMKO Hu HpaK- THUR, Crap fa je xpuMunannctuKa npapua HayKa 3acryna jeman 6poj pyc- Kax ayTopa. OBO cxBaTambe auje UpHxBaTHa BehHHa HamMx ayTopa yupa- Bo 360r Tora ITO KpHMHHANHcTHKa yra3M y j[pyre BAHNpaBHeE Bese 1 O- noce. Moro mmpu Bannpannn oANocH KpuMMHaMACTUKy AOBONC y Bey KakO Ca TeXHWUKAM HaykaMa, Tako M ca gocTHrHyhuma npupoyHMx uw Apymrsenvx HayKa (connonoruje, ncuxomoraje, noruKe, MareMarue). Moxemo saxsyanra ya je KpuMmnannctaea yanac HayKa ca wrHpoKuM moapyajemM upaxTMaHe AenaTHOCTH HM TeopujckHxX MpoMMIEAawa, Koja yeBaja, ananrupa H upwiarojapa MeToae Apyrux wayKa, Kako TpHpoqHHx H TCXHHIKHX, TAKO H APYWITBCHAX, pawn HMXOBOr Kopumihema y cyrpot- ctapmarmy Kpymunanurery. Oua ce nemuxun xesoM Ga3mpa M Ha comeTBe- HOM HCKyCTBY CreveHOM y UperKpHBUAHO| u KPHBHHO| (basn cympotcra- BJbaHba KPHMUTANHTeTy, ph 4eMy OBe HayYHE MeTOAe UM UCKYyCTRa TaKOhe KOpHCTH y NpeBenTHBHOM mHBy. \ Tlom ,cuctemcxum oxHpom“ nompasyéesamo HeH Orcer y mperKpHBHEOM 1 kpususiuom nocrynky (XeypucTHuKa 4 CIUOPHCTHMKA KPHMUHALHCTHKA), CoM omcery Koj MpeTHloctauia PenpecHsHO KPAMHONOWKO HOCTynawe He Mpunasajy, Ha pH Mep, Opoje KPUMHHAMHCTHIKe AenaTHOCTH MpeaeHTUsHOT KapAKTepa, KAO 11 OME KOje CY BAH OKBMPA KPHBHUAE MpoueAype, BHaKajaH LOUpAHOC TeopujcKOM youuTaBaBy kPAMHHARMETURe Y mHTepATYpH sao je noauaTH aytop P. C, BeaxHn (2001).KPMMVHAJIMCTHKA KAO HAYKA HM IPAKTHYHA JIBTATHOCT 7 Tpodecop B. Bonunemibh (1972) y o6jaunsemy KpumanasucraKe n0- Ja3H OL HEHOP LparMatH4Hor, a 3aTHM M Hay4HOr Caspxaja MW SHAuaja, 1a CXO/HO TOMe, KPHMHHaMcTHKy yedunnine Ha yea Kadina. Tpema mpBoj nebunmmujn, xoja uma warmameH nparmatcKy Kapacrep, ,.kpunmnanactyKa je sayka koja mpoy4apa, nponana3H 1 ycappulapa Hay4He M Ha DpakTH4HOM HCKYCTBY 3acHOBaHe Meroe AM cpescTBa Koja cy HajMoromHMja 7a ce oT- xpuje 4 pajjachu KpusHano pero, orkpuje 1 npunere canknnjn yaununan, ocurypajy 4 uxcupajy cai xoKasu paaw yraphusara oGjextusue uctane, Kao Ha Ce cnpew wBpuleme Gyayhux maNMpaNNX nu HerARUpaHAX KpH- BuaHX ema” (crp. 3). Tpewa spyroj aebummuju ctor ayropa, Kpummmasacraxa je, mpe cpera, Hayka Koja ce 3acHMBa Ha Hay4HO BepHbHKOBAHUM MeTOZAMa Hi ca3- namuMa. Ta nepuaunuja racu: .Kpamunanucruka je Haya 0 3aKoHoMep- HOCTHMA HacTaHKa, OTKpuBatsa, UKcupatba H OGpaye onepaTMBHUX 1 J10- Ka3HHX MAOpMallvja y CHCTeMy TeXHH4KHX CpesCTaa, TaKTHYKX HATHA H MeTOMa BpMerba OMepATHBAHX W MCTpaxkHUX paylyeH pasa npHGaBmama HaBeHeRUX MA@OpMalMja y UMIby HajomTMManHujer u HajeduKacHujer cy3- Gujata kpamunasmrrera®, Kako KpHMHAQ@iMCTHKa MpencTaBya CHATe3sy TeopHje H TIpaKce Koje ce meljyco6uo npokumajy, nojequan ayropy 43 WuyakTM4KHX pa3znora OBE ABE KOMIOHCHTE carsienaRajy onBojeno. Tako, Ha npumep, 2K. Anexcuh a 3. Mrnosanopuh (1994) acrvay: ,,Y npariaom emmeny KpuMnamueruKa je cnoxena Huopmarupxa crpareruja Koja ooSyxBata HayaHe mi Ha HcKyCTBy * 3acHoBaHe MeTOAe M CpenCTBA 3a OTKPUBaLbe, NpHKyTUDawe, OOpahuBane, OlleHBabe 1 Kopmmheme KpuMnvanneTicH pesenanTANx HidbopMannja, ¢ IMIBeM OTKpuBaHa, pacBeTBaBAma u crHpcuaRama KpuBwEnNX nema. Tom KPUMMHaNHcTHUKH pereBaHTHOM uEdopmMammjoM nozpa3syMeBamo cBaxy uubopManujy Kojy revepHule H3BpUIeHO HE NOKyLIAHO KPMBHYHO neMO, OJHOCHO HaroBeuitaj HIM Moryhnocr apmietba KpuBMaHor Aesa a KOjU crojH y Be3H ca ocTBapunamen OcHOBHNX 3ajjataxa KpUMMHanuctuKe™ (crp. 18). Tlosuaru teoperuyap u npaxruyap Tomucsas Mapsosuh (1977, erp. 31) y xehbumncamy Kpumunanucruse npaoparer jaje Hayyu Koja y cy36u- jae KpuMuHanatera ysouM HaysHe MeToJe M CHCTeMaTH30BaHO, OMHOCHO npoBepeo ucxycrao. TIpema MHuWbeMy OBOr ayropa KpHMUNaTucTHKA nponanasy u yraphyje HajeduKacnuja cpencrsa 3a oTKpHRate H pacnersa- Bake KPUBHOHX Nema; 3a NpoHanaxkewe M xXBATARe HUXOBUX YNHUUNATA; 3a HajcBpcucxoyuuje cnposoheme HCTpaxkHUX paw; 3a UpKaBHy M Upyw- ‘creny npesenunjy kpumunanrera, Y cpakom cnysajy, caspemena KpiMunanucraka y mpaktuaHom 1 Teo- PHJCKOM CMMCAy TIOKpHBa ABa OCHOBRa Nospyyja cymporcransbaHba KPUMH- HANINTeTY: NOCTAeMMKTHO (pecnpecustio) 1 MpemercTHO (npeBerTHBHo), 1a a nepummunje 0 KpAMMHamncruM Koje To NeTHIy Mory ce cMarpaTH Hajaye- xKBaTHujuM.8 KPHMHHAJIHCTHKA TAKTHKA, 1.2, peymer, o6jext u 3anaum KpuMananucTuKe O mpnpoaM KpiMMnanncruKke Kao HayKe MocTOje pasnmunra cxpara- wa. Mumusema cy ce noaapr3osana na Ba ocnopma. Tpema jeanom, Kpn- MuuanuetnKa je bakruuka (creapua) HayKa Koja HMa, mpe cBera, ema- pajcku Kapakrep. Mpema apyrom, Kpammamuctina j¢ npantia Hayka. Ono APYTO, Yoke CxBATAHe KPUMIMATHCTUKe, Moxke CAMO ENUM Ja OGjac~ HH fen Cagprkaj jep, Ges OOsHpa Ha TO MITO KpHMMHasMCTHKa KOpucTH mpano (mpe cBera, KpHBHYHOMpouecHO), Oa Ce CMyKH MeTOMAMa MHOrNX Rpyrux Hayxa, HapowTo TexAMGKHX H TpUpomHUX (ANP. KPUMEHanHoTHKA ‘TexHitKa). Heorxogno je passmkonata mpenmer nayKe 1 OO6jeKT weHor HCTpa‘KH- Batba, WTO je y CBaKOM cmysajy pasawauro, [Ipeamer ykmy4yje KPHMMHa- JMCTHYKO HCKYCTBO H UpaKTHYHO HOcTyHAKKe Koje je UME oApeleno. Odjexr xpumuuameritKor HcrparxriBarsa je ompeheno nompyaje Koje Moxe Aa Oyfe M Aco Mpupogre, ompehenu ApyuTBeHM OKOC MpeMa Kojem ce yc- Mepana KpUMUHamucrHKa enarnocr. Cam oOjext je MHOro KoMmeKcHAjA Of MpedMeta HcTpaxkuBaina, jep cBaku OOjeKT 3aXTeBa MH TepAMCLMIIHHAp- HM UpHeryn, c oO3HpoM Ha tO fa cajpxKH MHOroGpojHe OMHOCe, Mporece H MeTONe Pada KOje BabA H3YYMTH, OAHOCHO pasjacHUTH, FecTO MC acteKTa apyrax saya, 360r Tora omnoc objekra H npeaMeta TpeGa cxwatuTa u Kao oggHoc onmmater n noceOHor. Tlojenume HaBeyene enemeuTe KpHMMHaNHcTHKa M3yyaBa Camo [enH- MitaHo, ()parMenTapHo, ynpaBo y OHO} MepH y KOjoj KpUMMHaHCTUKa KO- PpHcTH Meroe ApyrHx HayKa. Caspemene Tenrennuje Haysnor pasnoja KpumuHanucTuKe HecyMEBHBO “gy y UpaBuy jou Beler nposopa HaydHHX MeTOua y HOmpy4je xpumMunasny- crake Texunke. Taxohe, Hay4ium pasBojem KpHMuHasMcTHKe jaHac ce y BeHHKO] MepH Npyxa Moryhwocr Temes»HOr KPHMANATMCTHEKOT MCTpaxKu- Balba MCTOBPCHHX WIM CHIMYHMX KPUBHYHHX leila, YMMe Ce, Y BEKO] MepH, nipyxka Moryhuocr peasi30Bam%a HOBHX KPHMANAMCTHEKX nompyyja y OK- BUpY KpHMHManHcTHaKe MeTonHKe. Owe KpuMuNaMcTaaKe crennpusHoC- TM Cy TIPHMeHsBuBE M Ha HajHoBHje KpHMHHATHe OGIMKE Kao WTO Cy: eKO- SOWKH KpuMEMaMHTer, KoMnjyTepexn KpHMEMATHTeT, HoBM OGmMEM HacH- Iba, TEPOPH3AM M CsMAHO. Kpumurianurer wm weron seo je o6jexr norpaxusama muoro6pojuux Hayka O KPHMHHaNMTeTY, Of KOjHX je jeaHa H KpyMMMaTHcTHKa, Koja ra uc- ‘rpaxyje ca cRor acriexra, TIpema tome, y onvocy na uct o6jekr More a MOCTojM ommTM HAM nloceGal HcTPHkUBAYKH TIpUCTYN, Wa je Maibe WIN BHIe Be3aH 3a UpyurTBe- He, OMHOCHO TeXHUYKe WIM MpHposHe HayKe. Huje crejewHO HM na mH je oOjekT KpUMHAHaJIMCTAKe BUIIe WIM Make Y JOMeHY TaKTH Ke, MeTORMKe HIT TeXHMKe Kao TpaHa Be Hayke, HakO KPHMHNAJIMCTHKA y CBOM MpakTHIHOMKPHMVHAJIMCTHKA KAO HAYKA HIIPAKTHUHA JEJIATHOCT 9 noctynamy, najsemhe, ne npasn paasiuxy uaMehy oe Tpu KpaMunanncra- uke ANCHE. KpumuiamicTaaKo nerpaxuzase Ha Taj waguH MoTIpuMa ommTH Kapa- xrep. To je, MehyTum, camo Hansrnea Tako Kana je oOjexr ueTpaxnBawa y tiuratsy, ¢ 063MpOM Ha TO ja cy KPHMMHATHCTHIKa MCTpaxKHBaMa CAMO JeO y uCTpaxkuBauKOM ONYcy ApyrHx HayKa O KpHMMHaNHTeTy. Yrephusawe MaTepujaiue ucruHe Koja TexKH yCleLINOM OTKpHBaby H WoOkasuBamy u3Bpliera KpHBMYHOr ela MpesAcTaBa caypr%xaj CBaKOT nperkpusuaor noctym«a. Vraphusame @opMatue HcTHHe mpeny3HMamem MpoOuWecHHx payibH, NO tpaswly, BesaHo je 3a KpuBauin Hocrynax. Hy jea- HOj HY Apyroj :basv KpHMuNanncrnka HMa 3amatak fa CBOjuM MeTomaMa otpuaocn yraphunawy Kouane crane canpxane y npecyhenoj Kpupwa- noj creap. Kaua je y natamy Kpupnunn nocrynak, yrephusare ucrune je yaex roctuenuicrHo, jep je pex 0 kpummnanHom norahajy 13 npomrocrn. Kpumunanncraea oBye uma penpecupay yrory, c o6smpom Ha sajaTKe mpe- AYy3uMakba Mepa TOC M3BpLIeHOr KPHBUMHOY Aes. TipeaMer npeserrapnor Kpummnamncraskor anraxonama cactojao 61 ce y upunarohanamy 4 Kopuuthey KpHMHHaIMCTUKe HW HeHHX MpaBlsla Ka- KO a pegy3Memo Mepe koje he cnpeynru, OAHOCHO OCyjeTHTH u3BpLIEHe KPHBUHOr Aera, TO jecT HacTynatbe Nocmeuue. pega ToMe, saat KpH- MuHanHeTHKe, y Hajimmpem cmncmy, jecy npexy3HMarse MpesenTHBANX 1 penpecHHyx Mepa, y WHZy cipedasara H cy3Oujama KpaMHAauTera. Kaaa je peu o cys6ujawy kpumunammrera, 3afaTak KpHMHHaNucTHke je 1a CBOjHM MeTOTaMa Mi CpeTCTBHMa YTBPAM H JOKake UHHeHHMe, UIT je HeHTH- ‘uno ca yrsphuparbem ucTuNe y KpHBMaHOM octynKy. V ToMe u jecte nony- ApHOCT KpajHber NWA H 3alaTaka KPHMBHasIMCTHKe H KpHBYHOr MOCTYTIKa. Mebyrum, mpeamer KpHManamicTnke ce camo HaM3rnes Hoxyszapa ca HpegMeroM KpHBHaHOr uocryuKa. Kpumunamicrwako 4 KpaBHuToMpouec- Ho locTynaibe y KpUBHYHOM TocTyMKy cy MeTOTONOIKH H caNprKajHo pas- JMmaHTH, ¢ OO3HPOM Ha TO 1a KPHBMMHN NoOcTyNAaK HMA KAO OCHOBY TOCTy- natha Kpusiunomporecny opMy, OAHOCHO 3aKOH oO KpMBHMAIHOM TOCTyMKy KOjM ce TeMeJbH Ha IIpaBHoj HaynM. Osa pasmmurocr je HapouHro HspaxKeua y gery KPHMHBaNAcTAKe 4unju je WW cmpeqanatbe KpuBwaHHx jena, Ha KOja Ce He MOry HerrocpeqHO O_AHOCHTH H HOpMe KPHBHYHOMpoNecHor Mpaga, jep cy y nHTaBY npewTe- JIMKTHe Mepe Hi pajitbe. Pasimka NOCTOjH He camo y OZHOCY Ha MpeBeHTHBHO KPHMHHAaMCTHYKO MocTyTiarme Bch u usMelhy OHor Ae1a KPHMMHaMCTHKe auja je Capxa OTKpuRatbe KPUBHIAHX yea M YUMHUALA u OGesbehere 10- Ka3a HEONXONHUX 3a HOKperaie 4 Boljewe KpUBHUHOr HocTyma, IIpu TOM KpHMHHaMMcTuKa Y CBOjO] AenarHocrH noma3H OF MAUATAja H MHdopMarnja KOje ce O@HOce Ha Aen0 uf H3BpUIKONA, a MAjy OcHOBaHOCT TeK TpeGa TIpoRe- PHTH MW Hae ucrpaxkuBarH cBe 40 yTsphuparba (bopmManne ucTHHe y KPHBH- ‘4HOM TocTymKy.KPHMMHADMCTHKA TAKTMKA Kpumuuanueraaxa neaatuoct ce cacrojm y mpuGasmany vammuja (oGaBemrrema), HUXOBOr MpoBepaBawa, NpenysuMawma HW Apyrux Hedpop- MaJIHHX M UCTpMKAMX pase, NOCTaBJbaby Bep3Hja O AeTy u yaHHuOLy, npesysHMaby onepaTHene o6page y MperKpHsH4nom nocrynky a yaeutha y KPHBHYHOM TOCTyMKy ¥ OO] MepH KoMMKO TO Hanaxy MoTpeGe KpHBHaHOT nocrynka u OkSHpH HOpMu KpuBM4NONpoueCcHOr npaBa. THMe je yMarc- Ha CaMOCTaHOCT KPHMHHasIHCTHKe Y OAHOCY Ha npeqmer Toctyriatba. [[pe- AMeT KpuMAHAINCTHKe Ce, CAMAM THM, HM pazauKyje O MpemMeTa KpHBHa- Hor Mpasa, MatepujanHor m mpouecnor. Y KpusiuRom npasy npegMer je He@HHUcaH WpaBHHM HOpMaMa koje Ce OLWOCEe Ha KPHBHYHO Wem, KPABHY- HY OJrOBOpHocT, KpuBHAHy camKnjy m caMuHO. V Kpuamunonponeciom mpapy npeyMer je o”pelen KpHsH4HONpOUecHOM HOpMOM HM KpHBuYHOTpO- HeCHHM OAHOCOM. Bes o63upa wa TO wo je onMITH NpeAMeT CBHX KPHBMAHMX HayKa KpH~ MMHA@INTeT, HHXOBO OrmoKe CHenMbH4aHO OApehewme npeAMeTa M MeTOga pa3- smukyje Ce KOZ OBHX HayKa, YTOsMKO Ce TipexMer HM Meroe KpHMHNaHCTHKe BHI paxiMkyjy O4 mpeyMera ApyrHx nayka Koje ce Takohe Gane KpHMuHa- anrerom (xpHswa4Ho TIpaBo, KpuMauonoruja, xpuMeansa nommraKa). Kpu- MUAIHCTHKA 2enoM IpHtana u TpyTM ApyuIrBeHUX HayKa c O63HpOM Ha TO Aa je KPHMHHANHTeT, OFHOCHO KPHBHYHO je10 KOjHM ce KpHMuRATMcTHKA SasH Kao CBOjMM ONUTHM EpenMeTOM, APyuITBeHA Nojasa, Masta HeraTBBHa, TIpumemyjyha mpaxrasie Metoule sacopane wa Hayynoj ocHosn, KpuMnnasucraka nerpaxyje Kpusrana zea, mHXOBe Nojasue OGnHKe, 1a- “MH HHXOROM BPUICHA, MOTHRE H pyre 4HIeHMUC y BE3M Ca AeIOM M yu noueM, Ip demy y BeNHKO] Mepy KopucTa u concrBeHo ucKycrBo. Kpu- MAHQIHUCTHIKA e1aTHOCT Ce Ca NpeTKPUBMIHOL TOCTyNKa NpeHocH Ha KpH- BHUHM, a AeTMMWIHO Ha Oprane npasocyha: ApxaHo T)KANANITBO, KPU- BGAN cys, Mpe Bera Ha HeTpaxKHOr cyaijy, a y Heurro Mato} Mepit H Ha spyre oprane. Hukana wuje octojaro onmrenpyxsaheno cxsarame na je Kpanmua- SMCTHKA ViCKYTNBO HosANWjcKa sUCHTEMMA. Tome je Hajsume ompHHeO Tpoc (Gross, 1908), xoju je cnojum neaom ,,Upupysnmx 3a uetpaxue cy- AMWje Kao CHCTeM KpHMHHasMCTHKe™ H3aMIa0 3 OKBHpa NoMMNujcKOr KpH- MuRaNUCTMUKor noctynawa, adupmumyhn xpumunatcruky y oxsupy cBoje ipapocyqHe CTpyKe. Unmenuna je, MelytuM, aa ce najHMBenTHBHHjM Jeo KpUMMHamMcTuKe peamH3yje IpM OTKPHBay KPHBHYHHX Jena M YYHHMNala, LITO NpexcTaBya ocuosxy dynxaniy nomunje. ¥ cxnany ca THM, KpHMuMamueTH4Ka nenaT- HOCT nouMOHje OnBHja ce HajeehuM yenom y No”pyyjy XeypucTH4ke Kpu- Munasuctuxe, Koja je Hajpassujennju u vajxpeatuenuja xco KpaManaiuc- Tue yommte. Beoma pasnonpetan orcer MeToga u TocTynlaKa KojHMa ce KpHMMHa- mmicrmka Kopuctu y Be3H je ca Muorobpojmum HayKama (upyurrsenum, Tex-KPHMMHAJIMCTHKA KAO HAYKA HTIPAKTHUHA QEJATHOCT 1h HIKHM HM TIpHpOsWHHM), koje Meroxe TpeOa TOKOM NpakTHaHOr KpHMHHaH- crusKor nocrynama 1a Gyny ywsrorsene y cHeTem KpHMMamHeTAKe mt yo- kajene ca nocrojehuM KpHBH4YHOMpoLecHUM oApeyOama y KPHBHYHOM TIO- crymy. Kpammanncrika, kao npaxtauta jenariocr, omtocHo HayKa, mpysia- 3H KpHBWNHOM AeNY KenlocpesHO, KOHKPeTHO, yxasehin y cBe nojemMHocTH KaO UNTO CY: HaYHH, Meco, BpeMe USBPUeHba, MOTHBH H ApyrH 3HayajHH enementa. Kpammmamicrnxa Tame pasjaumasa najsehu 6poj smtennua yaaseln y ctpyxrypy Kpaswanor ena y cBuM mcroRUM dazama, a Hapow- ‘To kayla cy y muTamy pagkba n nocieqana. 3agaltn KpUMMNAaIHCTHKe cy: a) mporanaceme Hajeduxacnnjux u npanarohanarme nocrojehux Me- ‘Toma pauM OTKpWRaa KPHBHYAMX lena M HHXOBMX YMHHTANa, KAO H NpH- Jarohaparbe 4 Kopuuthere Metoga ApyrHx Hayka ¢ HCTHM WWE; 6) uponanaxkere, upuxynsbame 0Ge36eljeme ZoKasa 0 U3BPUIEHOM Kpusnunom seny, Kao Ho KpnBANH opeljenor sua: 8) mponaiaxceme, ycasputaname u Kopwusherse najcapemenujux Me- TOA TPH NpeLy3HMawy 1OjeMHUX KPHMMHAIMCTHYKOTAKTHYKYX HW KPHMH- HasMCTHYKO-TeXHMIKHX Mepa H pagzibH KOje HMajy HCTpaxknH KapaKrep; 1) MHaWMpame M LIpeLy3HMame OrlepaTMBHO TaRTHaKHX M TeXHTIKHX Mepa Mi pallibl, C NWbeM mpoHaaxKerba M XBaTaa YUMHMAla KPMBAYHOr jes Koju ce nanase y Gexeray nlocie usspurenor KpHBHYHOT Zena; 21) MpHKyrupawe, CBAReHTUpare U MpoyyaBame HauMHa BpICwA KpH- BUYHNX ea, IpHMeHeHMXx Cpecrapa u MeTONa Koje KPHMMHALM KOpucTe NPHIHKOM Bpilerba KPABHIAHX Tea HH pa HUXOBOT IpUKpUBalDa; }) mpoysapame ticuxonornje ucKkasa muta y MpetKpuBManom moctyniKy HM Tponechux yuecnuKa (cBeqOKa, OKpHBssCHOr), y3 NpHMeHy Upapyia pHEUHMa KpHMMHaIMCTHHKe TAKTHKE H TeXHUKE; ce) mpoy¥anare HadHHa HM MeTOMa NONAKeHA LO NOYeTHYX ca3zHarba (HHQMUMja, OCHOBa CyMibe) Ja ce NpunpeMa H3BpWeHe KPMBHUHOT Hema, y MEY WeTOBOT CrpeyaBarna, Kao MH HOMAKEIE KO casHatba O saATCHTHHM, NIPHKPHBCHUM KPHBHABHM J[CIIIMa H IbHXOBHM HOCHOUHMA; 2%) oOjequmaRalse JOrUKe JOKasHearba 4 Mpecylhusaba KpHBM4HOr Ae- JJa, HOYER ON CasHaa O H3BPUICHOM Yeny HO AOMOMeHA KOHAUHE cyyIcKe omlyKe; 3) u3y4aBame 1 yKAsHBANe HA MeTOme U cpescTBa y BY CUpevanama KPUMMHaJMTeTa 3a AYA WepHOL. 3ayaum KpHMMnanucraKe ompebyjy m weH upeymer. Kao uxto je u3- HOKeHO, OH cy BeoMa GpojnH H pasHoBpeHH. Cy6jexrm KojH BpMe KpH- MivamuoTHaKe ToctoRe (opraHn YHYTpatlIHX NocTOBa, ApKABHO Ty JaWITBO K KPHBHYHM Cya) upeActaBsbajy cyOjexre cymporcrap.bama Kpu- Mananurery.12 KPMMMHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA Hurepakija onvx opratia, Kao m capajma ca ;pyrvm cy6jekruma Ha- pounto je suavajua u npyaka Benuxke Moryhuocrn Kaya je y nuTawy npesen- THBHa KpHMMHasMCTHKA. 1.3. Hetpaxueame Kpumunaaurera Kao sauarak KpUMHHamCTHKe Kpumuniannterom ce, ocuM KpuMuancTuKe Gaze 4 MHore jIpyre Ha- Ye, IpaBHe M HeMpaBHe: KpHBHYHO paBo — MafepujalHo HM mpouecKo, KPAMUNOSOFHja, KPUMHHATHA NOMUTHKA, KPAMMHAIHCTHYKA NeHXoNOrHja, bopensmune Hayxe (cyzcKa Memmmuna), Kao H UpapogHe HayKe yKonMKO cy y bynknaju kpumunanucruxe: (puzuKa, xemuja, Guonoruja H cmmaHo. Tpe- JIMeT CBHX OBHX Hayka je KpHMHHANHTeT, Ip YeMy CBaka Of HUX KPHMH- HaNMTeT HiCTpaxyje y3 oMoh concrBenux MeTosa. Kpupusno mpazo je, aa npamep, HopMatapua HayKa 20K je KpyMuHa- smermka (baxrHara) qucuHMtnna y Kojoj je HOpMarHBHorpaBHo nocTyname camo jeqHo og ocrojehnx. Za 6x jeawa nayKa ersucrupasa, ona Mopa Hay4Ho fa HcTpaxyje 3aKo- HUTOCTH Koje Ce OMHOCE Ha MperMer H OGjeKT menor H3yHaRarba. KpyMnHa- HMCTHKA, pe cBera, TpeSa ya yrsphyje 3aKoBnNTOCTH HacTaHKa onepaTHB- BHX M NOKASHAX MEKbOpMalMja Y BEIM ca OTKPUBEHHM H HEOTKpABENHM KPHMHHanHTeTOM, KaO H HOBHM KpHBHYHHM HemuMa Koja Tpeba cnpewnTH KPAMHHATHCTHYKMM MeTonama. Hapanno, amdopmanuje y obo KpuMuta~ HNICTHYKOM CMHC Tpe6a cxBaruTH mMpe. One wucy BepOalnor W TexcryanHor Kapaktepa, Beli Mory aa HMajy MHOTO IIMpH acreKT, ta Gyxy casHaTe, oHOCHO MpHOaBsbeHe pasiM4anTHM MeTONaMa, KOHITyCHTHMM panama, pasHuM CHTHanMMa MW, YOMUITe, CBM Moryhum HauHHHMa Kojuma ce Mory mpuGasHra uasje un ocBOBe CYMIbe 0 M3BPIIeHOM KPHBMSHOM Aery H HsBpMIHONY. Kpumunamucraka Hac yau Kaxo wa casnajemo, npHGasmamo 1 mpoBe- paBaMo KPHMHHasIMCTHIKe MAopMatwje, OAHOCHO Wa UX PUKcHpaMmo, Ty- MauHMO H KOPHCTHMO, C IIHJbeM OTKpUBarba H CHpevapara KpHMHHAsATeTA, Tipu Tom cy mania, oAFOCHO HadHH NocTynama ca oNepaTHBHYM 1 NOKA- 3HMM MH(OpMaynjama pasimaura c acneKra MeToga mpHOaBaiba M HHXO- BOF JOKyMenTORATA, OBTathera opraria, hope m Mporectior srauaja. Kpmwmiamicraxa kao Hayka npeactasma paspujen u ycxualjen cucrem KpUMHHAIMCTHAKUX TojMoBa, MpHHLUNTA, KOHUEILUja, CraBOBA, Kao H 3AKO- HHTOCTIE y Npouecy castama MHOrOOpO|NAX KpRMHATHCTHTIKH MUbopMa- unja. Tipu tome cy off moce6vor 3mayaja 3a KpHMMHaMMctuKy mene byaKuuje. Hayune Meroge Kojuma JoxkasHe 1 onepaTHBHe MHopMannje Tpeba na ce MatepHjarusyjy pag cipevanarna, orkpHBakba W TOKaSHBarba KPUBHAHHX Jena KPHMMHaJIMCTHKa 13Haa3H, pasBuja M ycaspulawa y KOopAMMANMjM ca ApyruM HayKaMa 0 KpHMUHamiTrery, a HajBHiue ca KpHBHUHOMpoNecHUM Mpazom.KPHMMHAJIMCTUKA KAO HAYKA 1 TIPAKTWUYHA JEJATHOCT 13 Tipesenumja KpuMMNatuTera, peMa NWJbesHMa HM MeTOZaMa TOCTyTa- ha, H3BTBaja ce KAO cHetMipHMHa y OANOCY Ha penpecHjy (OTKpHBaRe H 1O- Kasrmmame), ari Taxohe ¢ Hwbem fla ce cyliporcraan KpuMAHaTuTeTy. UMBenula Wa OneparHBHa aKTHBHOCT pasHMKa MomMUMje Ha caMomM TOWeTKY OTKPUBAKbA KpuBHUNOT pea Kao HIhopManuje Ma camo HAAU- uuje, YecTo HejacHe WIM KORTpagUKTOpHe, yKa3yje Ha XeypHCTHYKM MpHc- ‘yl KPHMHHANHCTH4KOM HocTynaisy 3a KojM je KapaKrepucrHuan turypanu- ‘rer Bepsnja, neperKo Mehyco6u0 KoHTpaguKTOpHX, omHOCHO cynpoTcTaB- ssewux. Taxse HAJWUMje, a ca KUMA H BepsHje ompaxanajy darrxyKo u npaBHo Crake passMYATHX KPMBHUKAX fea Ha Koja Ce OME OHOCE. Crawe orkprpenoct nojemmmmx xpunaumx gena je Beoma pasnuta- To, OR Nera 3aBMCe capa} u KBaTHTeT NojemmMUX uAAMja. CRaKaKo, HajjeqHocTaBnuja je curyannja kama je pea 0 KpMBMTHEM JeNHMa KON KOjHX je nosuar usppmusiay taxo uo je yxBahen ua zeny (in flagranti delicto). Hacynpor raksuM KpuBHSHMM sleaHMa TOcedaH MpoGmem Mpenctansma OTKpKRawe M pasjalbawaise OMHX KpuMiHaNMBMX poraljaja KOA KOjMX He Toctoje uN@opMaltje 0 H3BpIIHOLYy HIM cy TakBe UHtpopMatmje OcKyAHe, Hejacne WIM KOHTpagHKTopHe. Ca OBHM KPHBHYHHM NeHMa Y 3HaTHOj Me- pH CHIMUHA cy H OHA jena KOR KojHX HUje cacsHM jacHO ja mA je y muTaBy KpHBHYHO Jeno HM OOudaH Joraljaj. Takee auieme cy o6H4HO TuNMIHe 3a cao6pahajne nesroe, noBpese Ha pany Koje Mory OaTH Hi H3 HeaacHHx, nau KpuMunamux Morupa. Koy opaKsux goraljaja Moxe ce wecuTH ma mume “MjoM je pagqiboM AOUWIO YO KpuBHUHOr jea NOGerHe Ca MecTa H3BpUIeHAa KpuBuMnor nesta (THNMIHO 3a caoSpahajue Hesrore, Hoxap sHju yspox ANje nosnar Hi cm.). Cynporro on opux jecy KpuBiana xes1a Kou, KOjUX je HacraH- KOM pamkbe H TlOCsemMe OTKPHBeH H cam u3EpUMIan. To cy, Bajuentfie, KPHBHUHA {ea 43 OGACTH NpABpessor *AuBOTA, 3noyNOTpeGa enyxGene AYKHOCTH, KPINCHe AY KHOCTH OF CTpate cyjje, cKNAaName WITeTHOr yro- Bopa, ea OTKPHBatba TajHe H Apyra fema. Uymenuua je aa cy opranm yuyrpanioux nocnosa y KpHManamicrtaKoM nlocrynamy MHoTo BHMIe yeMepenn na oGes6chrBarme Marepajateax (ad rem) ero avannx (ad personam) noxasa. Y nperxpaswuiom noctynky, Mehyram, yemepexocr oprana yHyrpaunbux rlocstoga je cBakako Belia y omMocy Ha JHLA Koja Kao HaBop cazHama Zonpmnoce oGexGehunasy Mareprjammx 20Kasa, Ha NPHMep npuKynsarse OOancurrerba Koja peTXONe Niperpecarsy, BemNTayemy, 3acegu, Ha MECTY H3Bpilierba TbianMpanor KpuBHHOr AeA MH CHIHYHO. 1.4, Hays kapaktep KpHMHnAacTHKe H ena CaMocrasnocr y oguocy Ha Apyre HayKe Jeno 09 OCHOBHMX mrTama KpHNeMANHCTHKe jecre y Kojoj MepH je oba Hayka CaMocTalHa, OfHOCHO TOMOhHa jpyruM HayKama. Kpaew4nonpo- WecHa AMTepatypa, Kao H 10 KpHMHHAJIMCTHIKe sMTepaType, CAApKU cTa-4 _KPHMUHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA noBe mIpeMa KojuMta je KpuMunaicruka vayKa y bywaujn KpuBusHor 1OC- vyka, Ta Kao TakBa MomMohwa KpuswyHonpouecHom mpapy. Tpema mu- LUbemY ApYrHx, KpuMunamictuxa je wayKa Koja mma jequncrsen cucrem nay4Hor ca3Hama ca jacHo o”peh\exOM TeopujcKoM OcHOBOM, MpezMeTOM 1 MCTOJOM HCTpaKuUBarba, WHMe UcTymaBa cBe ycmoBe Wa Gye camocTasmHa Hayka, Te je HcKBydeHa cBaka nOApeljenoct KpuBHsHONpoLecHoM mpapy. ZIinnema o tome na nu je kpumunanuctuxa camocranua wayKa Tloctojit H Janac, moce6no y pagosuma nponecyamucta. MarepecanTno je ma ce Hera nurama He nocrameajy Kaya cy y MMTamy HeKe pyre HayaHe mucuuMIUHE koje Cy HEONXOAHE KpUBHYHOM TOCTyNKy, Kao WO cy cyacKa ncuxonorHja, cyncka WeuxnjaTpHja 4 Apyre. Y mrramy cy cnemmjamn3onane rpane mezn- nme, uja je capxa nocrojamsa KpusiaHompouecna u xoja je orpanuaena yriaBHoM Ha Beurrauema. H open Tora, camMoctamHocT OBMxX HayKa HHKO He OBO y nuTare. Uyscrmna je na je xpumunanucraka no HayaHom oncery Mmoro umpa od KpuBMYHONpouecHor NpaBa, jep Oa CBOjAM MeTOsaMa 3a/1a3H y MHOTO- 6pojue mpyre HayKe Ha, Tak, MeTOse THX Haya MpHcBaja, npHtarohana, ayanrnpa W KopcTH Kao cBoje. Ha onakan Haw Hay4no (opMupara, KpuMuHanacruka Moxe xa Oyne HOMOhHa caMo y ofHocy Ha mpaxcy. To, Mebytam, muje camo cry4aj ca xpummuanucraom, neh ca ApytuM HayKa- Ma, fla H Ca KpHBHUHOMpoNecHHM mpaBom Yaaxaajyhu ucre KpurepujyMe, KpHBAYAONPoLeCHO npano je HOMOh- Ha JHCUMILIMHa NpeMa MavepHjasIHOM KpHBHYHOM TpaBy jep y KpHBHdHOM moctynky yrsphyje nocrojame kprBH4yHor Jena n yaHHHoMA. Kpumunanurer je onmrrn object sehr 6poja cpogumx nayka. Meby mu- Ma cy He CaMo nipasHe (kpigvano upazo — mareprjaiHo m mpouecso, TeHO10- ruja) Hero m sempaBre (kpHmMHnonorja, cyrcKa MequuHHa H Ap.). Mehytam, cBaka Of THX HayKa onmTem OOjexTy ucrpaKUBama MIpHIasM Ha noceban, crennibusaH Had, y3 MIpHMeHY npaxTHuHMXx H HaysHUX MeToAa cRojcTBEHNX cBaKkoj O0 wuX. bunKe cy opelyenn KONKpeTan MpesMer, Hs, HCTpaxKHBAYKe METOsIe U pa3rpaniiere y OnHOcy Ha OcTame cpomMe HayKe KOjuMa je onmITH ojexr xpumemannter, To 4 4HHM MAMEMAyaIHA OOeneKja cBaKe HOjeqHHad- He HayKe KojuMa je sajenauekn onmTH oBjeKr, a m1T0 oneT NMpecranya yKyn- Hocr nojenmHauux casHama. Vernahunare omer oOjerra ucrpaxupara ca nojemmaiHHM, cBojcrBReHHM cBaxoj Hay1M HOHaOCOG, HpemCTaBsba mpobsIem Y BesH Ca AeHANHCaeM KONKpeTHe Hay4He Jucummme. Cyurruna je y 13a- najamy ompehenux yxxux cucrema (zemHa) 13 omer o6jexra ueTpaxnpama H WUXOBO N1PCUM3HO pasrpakuyetbe Y HUXOBOM yxeM CampKajy NpenMera, HUSbY W MeTOy McTpaxHBai.a. VKouHKO Huje HaydHo H MeTOJOUOLUKH paz~ TpaHTdeHo, MpeusHo OMeheHO THEM, MPeMMeTOM H HAYYFONCTPAAHBATICHM MeToNaMa, OBO pasrpaniueme crBapa ompeljene sa6yHe Koje OTexKaBajy mpe- uu3Hnje NepHENCabe KpHMHHANINCTHKe HM HCHO pasrpalHHerbe 0 KPHMHHO- NOrHje, KpHBMAHONpoNecHOr Npawa M APYTAX cpoOAHHX JMCTMNAHA.KPHMMHAJIMCTHKA KAO HAYKA HTIPAKTHYHA JIEJLATHOCT 15, Craxa wayca auju je ommra o6jekr uerpaxunama xpyMunanater y HajIUMpem CMMCIIy Te pew HMa CBO} NojeaMHayAM UpeyMer wsyuaBama, 3a- ceGue MeToue HCTpaxuBaiba Koje ce y TojedHuOCTHMa pasiiMKyjy O% ONMI- rer, aim ce y mera u ykranajy, Caaka o7 oBMx TojemHANx HayKa uma panr caMocTamHe HayKke, a HMXOBa CaMOCTAJMOCT M UMN NOjemMHAyHOCT OBux HayKa. Tnenano ca Tor acnexra, kpamuanneraka je m KpHBnana HayKa jep ce Gabi KpanianaM Zerom. Cucumbwanoct ofHoca KpHMMHaMcTMKe M KpH- BIMHON jesa je ypaBo OCHOBa 3a pasHKOBAHe KPHMHHAJIHCTHKE H ApyrHx KpuBidMX HayKa. Tpema 080j oxen Tpeba HMaTH y BAY WHESCHHILy Wa ce KpMBHUNe HayKe ene Ha KpymBuyAONpasue u ocTae KpuBrane (HempaB- ue) HayKe. Ocum Kpumauasncrake, mehy HenpasHum KpusiaauM HayKama cy: KPHMHNONOrHja, KPHMHHANHa NONNTHKA H pyre. Cnenuwunocrt KpHMMHaIMcTHKe cy y AemaTHOCTHMa, MeToyjama, MepaMa H pajiibama anja je Wb OTKPHBaKe, pasjalmaBalee M OKa3HBa- The UHWEHHTIA Y Be3H Ca KOHKPeTHHM KPHBHYBMIM slorahajem H meroBHM aKTepuMa, Ka W MIpesy3HMathy KpHMaMancTHIKe mpesennnjc OHMM Hay- aHUM HM mpaxr“uHum MeTomama Koje cy cBojcTsene HcKmYIHBO KPUMMHa~ Jc THU. Tpeamer kpumunasmeruxe, kao nocebue wayKe O KpHMUHaMTery, CaM uo ce6u, Tpe6a 4a ce no ompeleuum crenmpuqHocruma pasanKyje ou, om- Ter oGjekra 14 mpeyMera, Kako Ou ra KpAMHNasMcTHKa Game ompexusa 1 mpeusapama. Kpumunamcruxa kao wayxa Mopa ya uMa conerBene Merone actpa- 2kuBarbA, Uj je LUIb PACBeTIbABAHLe H OTKPUBARE KPHEHUHE CrBApA Hpo- YUABaHeM 3aKONHTOCTH HACTAHKA OlepaTHBHAX MH HOKA3HUX HHpopmManyja auju je 34a4aj y OnToBopy Ha AeBeT snaiinux tiuiliarea KpumMMBanucruKe. Y Be3H Ca OBMM OCHOBHHM 3a/laTKOM, KPHMMHaJIHCTHKa MOpa HENpeKMAHO a WSydaBa, MpHrarohana u Ycanpulana KpHMMHANNCTHYKO TAKTIIKe KPH MHHAJMCTHYKO TEXHMYKE MeTONe JoTaKcHa AO ONCpATMBANX H YOKASHUX wudopMayija, MHAWIMja MW KoKaza O Fey M yuuHMONy, a pan oOpagze, MpoBepe, AOKYMCHTOBaIbA H OLeHe OBHX HAOpMaNHja H, KOHAYHO, HHXO- Be yNorpede y mperKpuBHUNOM NocTyMKy MIN, Nak, Kao WOKa3a_y KpHBME- HOM TloctymKy. Y Beau ca opum je u Beoma 3nauajio npoyyaparse onepaTuBue nom uujeke H mpaBocy Me npaKce, ¢ HHsbeM ecbukacHor OTKpHBalba H pacBeTsba- Balba HOBMX KPUBMGHHX Nena, OTKpuBarba neTlosHaTor H3BPUTMCHa, MOKpe- Tawa u Bohewa Kpusmanor nocrymxa, Toce6ia KOMMoHeHTa KpuMMAaHC- ‘THK, mT je cnenupwino 3a ony nayxy, jecre crnapame, ommocHo H3rpa- uname MeToga KpuMMHamucrHuxe npesenunje, Hays meTomama Koje cy ynpaBo KpuMunasucrmuKe, 3nayajua Wenarnocr KpHMHHAIHCTHKe CacTOjH ce y npoyaaparhy ome- PaTMBHe 4 KpHBHYHOTPOLecHe Mpaxce NpeTKpwBMYHOT M KpHBUGHOT TOC-16 KPHMHHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA ‘Tynka ca unopmanuoyo-oneparasuor acrexra, Has» npoyyaparsa rakse mpakce jecre ycappiiapatbe nocrojehux M MpoHasaxKetbe HOBUX MeTO/a, Ha- MuHa 1 HayMHOTeXHMIKHX CpecTaBa OTKpHBara H NOKAIHBAmA MOCTOjama KpHBHUNHX esa. Y mogernom repnoyy pasBoja KpUMMHaNCTHKe yBemHKO je Baga yrepeme sa He nocroje Hayane MeTone Koje Gu TpeGano ja uMa OBa Hayne AWCUHIIMHA, Meroe Apyrux nayka, IpMpoAHHX HM TexXHWaKHX, KOje KPHMHHAsHCTH- ka KOpucTH mompumajy KapaktepucTuxe KpammnanicrMaKux Merosa. Ha Taj HAWHH, y3 IpenMeT H IU, H OBE MeTORe HOCTajly KpHMBHanMCTHKe, (bynknMonanmno ce cranajyhn ca 7pyrim KpuMHiasHcTHAKHM MeTOsaMa Xe- YPMcTHUKe M CHIOMMCTHUKe KpUMMBAMUCTUKe. Kpamunanictuka cBojumM MeTosaMa M CpeJcCTBHMa Ipoy4apa, OHOCHO HcTpaxkyje 3akKOHMTOCT YHeHUMNA ONepaTHBHOF, OFHOCHO FOKa3HOr SHaya- ja, a Koje ce omtoce Ha MocTojame MpHnpemanor WH MsBpiteHor KpuBIy- HOF Aeila, KAO H HETOBOF HSBPIIHOLA MeTOgaMa, MepaMa H palubama KpH- MHHanHcTHAKe OOpare. Y xpwswanom nocrynky, Tokom uerpare u riaBHor nperpeca, one KPHMMHaNMCTHYKe AKTHBHOCTH TpesysuMajy ce pay Tpowavaxema, yca- splllapalba % Crsapalba HajKBANMTeTHHjUx MeTONA HW HaUMHA TAKTAKe, MeTO- DAKE W TCXHHKE, OTKPHBAwA, PACRCTbABAHA UM NOKAIHBalka KpMBAYHONpaB- HO peneBaHTANX YuBeHHIA Kao LOKAsa y KpUBMAHOM TocTynKy. Has TaKne AKTHBHOCTH jecTe OLTOBOp Ha AeBeT azaiinux WMTaba KPUMHHAJHCTHKe, KaKO y OMepaTHBHOM, TaKO HY KPUBMAAOTIPONeCHOM JOKAIHOM CasIpIKajy. Ocum kpHMuHanucTHke, HHjemHa HayKa Ce MpexMeToM KpHMHHasMTe- Ta ne apy wa oBaj Hadun, To KpHMUHaTHCTHUM naje camoctasan KapaKrep y ofttiocy Ha HayKe Koje ce Gane KpuMMBamHTeTOM Kao HpeyMeTOM HayaHOr vcrpaxupama. YxonuKo Te ma Syne camocTaaHa Hayka, KPMMMHaNMcTHKa Mopa 2a Tocemyje, open 3ajeqHMaKHX MeTOMa HCTpaxKHBatba CBOjCTBEHMX CBHM Ha- ykama Koje 3a mpeyMeT uMajy kpumunamiret, n rloce6ue cneunmane Me- Tole H TeopHje CBojcTBeHe camo 10}. Oo yupaBo crora uITO cy cneuuu4- HOCTH MeTOa HCTpaxKuBalba, KAO H TeOpHja cBOjcTBa CBaKe HayKe Tojequ- HauHe. Besa KpHMmmamactaxe ca apyrum HayKama Huje MexaHmuka. Ona Me- ‘Toe APyINTBeNHX, TexHMTKAX w MpApoMMX HayKa ycpaja u HeMOcpemHO KOpMCIM Tek Kayla cy y TOMyNocTH npanarohene ocHOBRUM 3ananuMa KpuMMHasINCTHKe, Kojnt Ce OfHOCe Ha chpedaBae u cy36njame KpuMuHamH- ‘Tera, Meroye upeysere off ApyrHx Hayka H Ha Taj Haya HpHaroljene Hucy Brule eo THX Hayka, Beh nocTajy Aco KpuMuHanHeTHKe. MojequHe on Ha- BCCHHX MeTOA, Kata Gu ce KOpHcTuie y OKBHpy CBOjAX MaTHAHHX JCI TuWHa HM O§ Crpane Haj6osbux crpywaKa, He Ou Morne HMaTH 3Havaja 3a kpuMuHasmeruky.KPHMHHAJINCTUKA KAO HAYKA WH MPAKTHUBA JEATHOCT 17 Tako, Ha UpMMep, NCMXOTOr Ma KONMKO na je crpyyan uehe Guru y cTawy 2a OU€HH HCKa3 OCYMIBHYCHOF, OXPHBIbeHOr, HIM CBCHOKa ako HC nosnaje Meroxe KpHMMHasHCrHKe, cyjtcKe NcuxosorHje, KpuMunamHe de- HOMeHOOTHje, TICHXONOrHjé KPHMHHaNala, KpUuMMHaNMCTHYKO yueme Oo MOTHBHMa Jl@KHAX McKa3a w7y. Icuxonor noctaje crpyyaH 3a HCKa3 KpH- MHHaIa Kaya yoBojH 1 o”pehena KpUMUNamcTHIKa 4 cpomHa 3Hama. Ta- kobe, H MeToye mpHpoOsHMX MH TeXHMUKMX HayKa He TIpexysumajy ce mpema oupehenom aytomatu3my. C oOsapom Ha TO 4a Ce Merowe y mornyHocTH npunarohasajy TperkpaBa4oM 1 KpUBHYAOM HoctymKy, ry6e oGenexja CBOjMX MaTHaHUX INcIMMTHAa HU oOKjajy KpumMunamictiaKa. Tako, Ha NIpHMep, Kao MITO caciytlawe cBesOKa M OKpMBLEHOr HUCy eo oMMTe micHxoslorHje, Beh KPUMHHaMCTHKe, H LaKTHIOCKONHja HUje Weo Guomoruje eli joj je tus ugentadpuxanuja n3Bpummala KpHBMIHAX Jer. Kpumunasnctuka, y3 0Be MeToge mpey3eTe 43 APyTHX HaykKa, CTBapa coucrseue. Ilo rome ce KpuMHHayIMCTuKa pa3sHKyje O HeKHX TOMOMHHX KPUMHHAIMCTHYKHX AMCHHILINAA Kao, Ha TIpHMep, CyCKe MeqMmMHe, cys- ce nicuxonarosornije ui p., koje, Ma KommKko Gune HeONXonHe H 3Ha4ajHe 3a cy3Ovjae KpuMMHanuTeTa, uMaK oCcTajy cietMjanv30BaHe rpane MequUH- ne, Cre To Aaje KpHMMHAIMCTHOH NpHNMYAO BeNHKy TeopeTcKy W npaxTH4- HY camocrannocr. Jfanac ce npesasusiaay cxsaTamse ya je KPHMMBamCTAKA niomoliva HayKa y cacraBy KpuBHUHMX MayKa, osHOCHO KpuMunozoruje (T. 2Kuanosuh), veh ona, cee ame, 206aja camocraanu Kapaxrep (B. Boau- nemmh, 2K, Anexcuh). Y xKpamunanncTwaKoj Teopuju nocroje u Apyra cxBaTawa 0 HaydHOj CYUITHHM KPHMHHaIMCTHKe Koja uMajy 4 Onpefena onpaszasa. Tloce6ao cy MpucyTHa CXBaTamha © KPUMMAANHCTHNM Kao HaymM MpHpoyHo-rexaMuKe, omkocHo npasxe opnjentaunje. Huje cnopro na Kpumemamictaxa KopucTa M MeTONe MpupowHMx HM TeXHHKHX HayKa, MPH YeMy Ce 3HATHHM j[es10M Mopa YKnanaTH 4 Y MpabHe OKBMpe KpHBMIHOT NOCTYUKA, al TO He MOxKEe npecy;jHje Na yru4e Ha yKynaH CHCTeM KpuMMHaNMCTHKE Kao CaMocramHe VayUHe AUCHUNTTUNe Koja HMa MHOTO WIMpH OUCer M CaNpr%xaj Hero mxTO ra Ha IBY MOry NpeHeTH MOMeHYTe Hay4He JWCUMIDIMHe CBOjHM MeTosIaMa. Tipema tome, kpumunanuctuka ce, 6e3 063upa To je y pyHKujH oc- ‘TBapHBamsa NpaBa, He MO%xe CMaTpaTH HM MpMposHO-TexXHMYKOM HHTH Hpa~ BHOM HayKOM, Beh IpesacxoaHo Kao axr#aka zHCIIMTETMA Koja y cBoj Ha- yaHM cricrem monesyje Hayyne MeTone MHOrOOpojuMXx HayKa, Kao m conc TBeHO UCKyCTRO. OBaj cio>%KeHM HayaHU CHCTeM MpakTHaHO dbyaKunonmme KaO UeHMHa M He MO*e Ce HCHOJbaBaTH. HOjemMHAaHO Cc acteKra Ou0 Kor cROr Neva NOjeAMHAYHO: TAKTHKE, TeEXHHKe M MeTOAUKe. Y lipakTaaHoM Mcnosasarby KpUMHAaTHCTHIKHX CanpKaja, KpyMHHaLI- CTHuKa TakTHKa HM TeXHHKa NOOKjajy cBOjy KOHKperHy peasm3alujy UpusHKOM HeMOCcpexHOr BPUIeHa KPUMMHANHCTHAKUX Panu, a y CKNay ca cnenuiwa- HOCTHMA KPUBHYHHX jiella, ITO YHHH CaLp>kaj KPUMMHANIMCTHUKe MeTORUKe.18 KPHMMHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA 1.5. Hays paspoj KpammnamuctuKe Kpumunamtrer, xao apyurrseno urrerna nojasa, nocroju orkaKo noc- TOjH OpraHH30BaHO JbyACKO ApyuITBO. Y cBoM UCTOpHjcKOM pa3Bojy OH ce npusaroljasao mw Meao nparchu gunaMuxy cnx apyurTenux mpomena, nonpumajyhu nowexag # uenpeapuymse o6suKe. AHTHKpuManamaa mpaKca ce, Taxoe, Memama ¢ WMEM ecbHkacHHjer CyIpOTCTaBsbarba HacTamHM T10- jasnum OOmmMa KpuMuHamerera. Ha cnom pasBojHom myty, Meroge w cpej{ersa OTKpMBama KPMBMYHHX esa MW yHMHMAALA, Kao MW CHCTeM Kaxkiba~ Bamba, nponasmm cy pasurante (pase n oOmiKe, Ta npBa apyurrsena pearo- Baha Ha KPpHMMHasHTeT MOXKCMO [IpaTHTH, yraBHOM, C actieKTa KakHABA- a M CYACKOr M3BOHema MOKAZa, AOK UpeTXoAHe (baze OTKPUBaba KpUBITI- HHX Jela 4 YYHHWJalla, Hajsehum ACIOM, ocTajy HenosHaTe. VY wacrojamnma nojequHHx ayTopa fa npuKaxy HcropujckH pa3sBoj KPHMHHarHCTHKe OGH4HO ce Ke Mpa pasnuKa usMehy passoja Kpunma- JMCTHKE KaO NpakTHaHe JetarHOcTH MW HeHOr HaydHOr pasBoja. Bes oOsupa Ha TO ITO C¢ ORE ARE KOMTIOHeHTe yexo JOTINIY WI cy Tosymapne, urlak cy y nuramy aga acnerta, mpu demy je pacrojame waMehy apaxtusue u nayt- He CIpaHe MHHMMaZHO. Pasnoj npaxrieme xpumumanuctaxe moryhe je npatwrn ysuom y n0- jeaune pa3BojHe erane KpuBM4uHor NocTynKa, OfHOCHO MOKa3HOr cucTemMa KOjH je y “cropuju uMao Beoma KpuByfaB myT. AKO ce ysme y oO3up aa je HOKa3H CHCTeM OCHOBa CBAKOT KpUMHNAJIHCTHYKOT MOCTyNarba, MO2xKeMO Toy3aHo Wa npaTiMo pasBoj KpuMunamictuKe mpexo Tor cactema. Toma- sehu of HapeyeHor CraHoBuuITa, KpUMMHAIMCTHGKa Mpakca Moxe ce NoOAe- cnita y Buse dasa, Tlouerna, npsa dasa Guia je ocnoGoljena cpaxe panwo- HAHHOCTH H SacHMBaTa ce Na OCHORAMA JHMYHUX HMnIpecHja w HeKyCTReHUX ca3nansa. Kpumunanuctia ce nuje xopuctana xao mpecysan gaxrop, Bch Kao chopaqMuna, MpurogHa yesaTHoct, 3G0r vera je KpMBHUNU HocTynaK y Tom eny Gvo HeodjekruBan n y BeMKO] Mepu 3acHOBAaH HA CTaBOBMMA TIO- jeauuana Koju cy secro Gunn nan. Ha ony dbasy Hactapsa ce ona y Kojoj cy 1oxa3H mpaOaBmann y3 Mu aocr Goropa, OHOCHO y3 IpHMery TOpType H TenIKHX Myterba. Opa MuCTH- uHa HW Kpajme HexyMaHa (pasa 3ajlpoKasia Ce penarHBHO Ayro, upa yemy je uaa kpajrbe upatwionania, a y Kojoj je kpuBHAH HOcTynaK pariumHO Haza~ joao. Hayane KpHMuHanncTHuke MeToye HHCY UMaJle HHKakap 3Ha4aj, Of- HOCHO HHCY HH TOCTOjane Caexeha asa npercrasma peaxusjy ua nperxoauy — ocnosua KapaK- TepHCTHKA KpUBHYHOr HoctymKa jecre yBollewe 3aKOHCKe OMeHe HOKa3a, Tipu YeMY UPU3SHAae OKPHBCHOT MPCACTaBa AOKA3 KOJM BpeMeHOM NoC- je navajan. Ha xpajy ce npusuame ua osaj Havin puue nuje Mormo upH- OaBHTH Kao NOKa3, WITO je OREO AO TOpType KojoM je ApusHarbe n3anyhu- BaHo,KPHMHHAJIMCTHKA KAO HAYKA H [IPAKTHUHA JIEJLATHOCT 19 Kpajwe sacrpamuzawe y onoj azn soBeso je yo curyannje y Kojoj cy HOKa3H NOYeIH Wa ce BpeRHyjy Mpema cHoboNHOj 3akKOHCKO] OUeHH WOKa3a, oyocHo cno6os,10M cyqHjcKOM yaepemy. Jenan Kpajie excrpeman cncreM 3aMemen je apyrHM, la je cioGosHo cysHjcKo yBeperme W3mMrHyTO Ha HBO HenlorpemmmBocrn. Kpumunamernka Kao Hay4na NUCLMIIMHA NOUMe a ce opMupa ‘rex kpajem XIX eka. Jo tana cy wayyna cazHatsa Koja cy kopnmhena rp orkpiBamy vi pagjammasamy KpHBMIHAX nena M usBpHTHTAnA Gu BHHTe enHs0lHa, UpHrogHa vu perka. Mojeqnne metoge Kao ump. xopHmherpe ra- niisapHux sumaja (nosnare jour y crapoj Kanu) mpenerasssajy perkocr, Ta KO a KPHMHHATHCTuKa HHje HH Moraa 4a ce (opMupa Kao Hayuna AHCHH- manna. Ogo npemaysno pasno6se KpuMnHanncraxe Tpajano j¢ Beoma ayro i Jocexe 0 camor Kpaja XVIII Bexa. Tlopacr kpamananutera Kpajem npoumor w noverKoM oBor BeKa, He camo 110 o6umy Beh m 110 paznospenocra HOBNX Kpammuamanx denomena, nocnequua je H Haydor u TexHWuKor pasBoja Apymrrsa. Cua nosHTuBHa Kperatba y OBOM Heptony Halwa cy cBoje MecTo My KPHMHNamHHMM TIpo- rpamuma Tora Bpemena. JIpyurrso je Mopano Wa Hanycrn wIysnje 4a ce cra- PHM MeTOmaMa Moxe GoprrH nporHE cBe caspemenujer KpuMuHamnTera. Haro nowse xpyurrsesa unrepec 3a pasBoj Hayka Koje Ou ce yeneumHo cyMporcrTaByie KpHMHnasMTery, Upe cnera KpHBHYHOr Mpawa, KpuMMHaAH- cTHKe, aM HM Apyrux Hayka Koje cy Morne fa nocmy2%Ke ycrleuiHOM cympor- craBsbamy KpuMaHasmTery. Tipse Kpumanamieriaxe nyGnmxcaunje on yHaamentanor 3Havaja notuyy og F. V. Jagemmana, us 1838. a 1841. roqune u Xauca Ipoca, u3 1899, rome, oOjapmupawem merovor Kammtanuor gena ,.Ipapysame 3a uctpaxne cyzje Kao cuctem Kpumunamactuxe’. Oxaj xorafaj cmarpa ce KaO 3a4€TKOM KPHMMBAIMCTHKE KAO HOBE HAYUHE JKCHMILIMHE, WTO Hauna- 3 Ha RenMKM onjex y HayIHUM H crpyaHUM Kpyrosama Enporie Tora Bpe- Mena, jep je kpamunamactmy, Kao nayKy 4 Npakcy, TpeGano cynporcray- TH KpHMHHanHTery Koja ce ysehanao. Tocxe nojase yeaa Xanca Ppoca, y penarasuo Kparkom BpeMeHcKoM pasuo6.by, Kpumunaucruxa je hopmupasia cBoj cucTeM mM TOdeRa 7a OC- TRapyje BcoMa 3Haxajan yrutaj Ha Mpaxcy. Onom mponecy norogosana cy MHoro6pojHa BakHa oTKpulia y NpaposunM u TexAWUKHM HayKama. Y oK- BUpy came KpuMHHamHcTHKe Nacrajy crenuuanoctH mMpema nojermm KpHMHMHaNMcTHUKHM MoyemMMa, a ycKOpo ce Nojapmyjy Hayyna qeTa m3 TOjeHHUX KpUMHNanHCTASKEX OGnacTH. Yyseno nero X. Tpoca wanuio je 1a sajeummuky nogpmmxy y Esponn, upu semy Fpocono yaewe mame pazenjajy weroBm caenSenHuu y cKopo cBHM 3emubama Eppone, unp., E. Secling, X. Benesuh, R. Grossberger, A. Hellwig, A. Bertillon, E. Locard, R. A. Reiss 1 apyru.20 KPHMHHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA Tox craxnum yrunajem Ppocosor yyerma u meroBnx cnen6ennxa, na ma je cBakako yriuao @ pa3Boj MayKe H TeXHUKe YormuTe, a ca HAN H KPHMHHQJIMTeTA, KPHBHYHO eNO HOUMEE Ja ce TperHpa Kao KOMIMIEKcaH npo6riem anjem oTkpunamy m pacseTsaRamy Tpe6a puhw npumenom Hay- UHHX MeToga. TakBM payMKanHM craBoBH ToceOHo cy Gus 3acTyIBeHH y Hemauxoj, Aycrpuju, [najuapexoj u Pycnjn. Albert Wingart je 1904. ronune odjanno reno ,,.KppmnannermaKa Ta- krnka“ — Of Kaya W AaTupa Tpojua noxena KpuMuHanuctuKe. otom Ha TIo0- apyujy KPHMHBaIHCTHKe Lomas 0 Harior pazBoja KOju ce oresa y HeKO- SIMKO HOBHX Upapana, Koju ce Mory emarpatH Taxolle BeoMa SHaajiuM sa Rann wayann paszoj Kpummmanncruke. Taxo, amp. y Ppamycxoj u Mra- U4jH Wota3su Yo yGpsanor pasBoja KpHMUHaIHCTHuKe TexXHMKe HacTOjamem A. Nicofaroa u JIoxapa (Locard) xao rexuwuxe nommunje (Police technique) xu Hayane nommmije (Police scientifique), a nemo Kacnuje E. Locard o6ja- subyje nem10 ,,Pacnpasa o Kpumunamactana' (Traité de criminalistique). Ja- anion cneaGenm Jloxapa cy Ch. Sannie, P. Ceccaldi, V. Sarentino. ¥ Enrzeckoj a CAJL y crpy4uum u Haysuum KpyropuMma moce6Ho BHCOK Tpe~ (aH HMa KpHMHHasucTHuKa TexuMKa, 3Havaja uMeHa y OBO] OGnacTH cy O’ Hara, P. Kirk, J. Osterburg, K. O’Brien, R. Sulivan, M. Bischoff, Pohl. Tpojua novena KpaMMamicraxe Hajsame je Gua sacrynmena y nojesn- YM HCTOUHOeBpOTCKHM 3emzbama: [orscKoj — P. Horoszovski, B. Holist, G. Hanausek, Uexocnosarxoj — J. Pjesak, M. Protivinski, J. Matijasek 1 ap., Mahapexoj — L. Viski, J. Kerteesz, Byrapcxoj — T. Cramaron, I’. Peoprujes. Tanac y Pycuju oay wayky Kao Tpuuapruray 3actynajy mosnaTH Teo- permuapu: A. BupaGepr, B, Tepsujes, H. Bacuses, P. Bemam, Konosanosa M apyra. Touerkom XX peka, warnn passoj ersacraux Hayka wMao je yrunaja na yuanpeheme antuxpumuuanne npaxce (Anexcuh 1 Musosanosmh, 1993, crp. 14-19; 1994, cmp. 18-36; Bogunenah, 1984, crp. 8). Jonasn 10 op- Mupatba KPpMMMHaIIMCTHYKUX YCTaHOBA MW MECTHTYTA PA Ce TexKUIO MpOHa- Wa&KewY HW OTKpMBatby KpuBH4nUX Bena. To je mepuog y KoMe cy nojequHe ergakrHe Hayke Novene a ce npecesbanajy y xaGoparopuje, jep je moctasto jacHo Ma ce MONepHa KpUMMHAsINCTHUKA Upakca He MO*Ke HAYSHTH y TOM oOumy camo Ha OCHOBY 3Halba 3 KBbMra, Oyaylin ya cy HYyKHM HM eKCTIepH- MeHT Ht BeTTANeHe H3BeReHH y nabopaTopHja. Cee cnorxeHujn u opranHs0- RaHHjH OOTUNM KPHMMHaIMTeTa yonoBsusM cy Kao NpHpoxAy moctesAMUy 6px pa3soj KpaMmMamicTTuKHX W nomMajcKHx sa6oparopuja. Kpumuna- HHCTHuKe JaOopaTopuje H 3aBOUH OcHUBajy ce Kao Hormuan cnex ysohema Hay4HMX MeTOMa IIpH OTKPHBAmY “i £ KAIHBAMBY KPHBHYHMX jena, Hanperka TeEXHHKe H M€ZMIMHC, Mponamac. cHareHa, pa3zoja MpHposHNX HayKa, mpoHaiacka 1 IpuMere Mudppalippennx 4 yTpasbyOusacrTHx spaka HTL. Tako je TOMO TO OpranM3oBama TaKO3BaHe HaydHe TOMMINje, OLHOC- HO TomMMMje Koja je y cBoj pax caya yHocusia w HayaHa socturnytia, Monu-KPHMMHAJIMCTHKA KAO HAYKA H TIPAKTHYHA JEJATHOCT nHjCKH pag Nou Aa NparH oprannsosame u hopmMupae THMoBa cTpy4- maka Mpema NojeXHHHM crenHjaHocTHMa. Otpapajy ce u upse nonuumjcxe naSopatopuje Koje ce ompemajy can- peMeHHM TexHiaKuM cpezcTBuMa. Dopmupajy ce HaydHH HHCTHTYTH pam MCTpAKUBawA KPUMHHAIMTeTA Ca KPHMMHOSOUIKOT 4 IMAper coNHOTOUNKOT acnexta 4 ynanpehubatsa npaxce. Y novernoj (basv paspoja ope HNCTUTYNje Hucy HMane Hed@unucann npodun, vemy je AonpuHocuiia HeAeduNNcaHocT MeTOxa KpuMMHaMcTuKe Hf KpHMunonorije, Mla cy ce Melale KpHMHHaANHCTHUKA HM KpHMMHOsOUIKA nerpaknpara. MelhyrM, cBaxonesie npaxTu4ne norpe6e 3a KpAMAHamTH- CTHEKHM BeuTTaverem cBe BuIIe ycMepanajy OBaKBe yoraHoBe a ce Gane pakTHIHuM NUTaBMMa, OTKPUBAILeM KpHBUYHUX ena M YHHHANana, OLHO- cHo o6e36chersem woKasa y KpuBi™HOM nocrymKy. Tocne Jipyror cpetcxor pata ocnupajy ce w y6p3ano paspujajy noced- He ycraHoBe H MHCTHTYTH KojM ce Gane HeKMBy4HBO KpHMMNAMCTHUKHM MCTpMKABAMMA HW KPMMMHATHCTHUKUM BelITayckhuMma. Y m0j¢qMWHUM 3eM- wbaMa, NapasiesHO Ce paqM M Ha KpHMMHONONIKHM M DeMMTeHuMjapHnm uc- TpakUBaBHMa. Jenan ox mpRux nHCTuTyTa TaKBe BpeTe ocHORaH je y Jlosan (Lsaj- uapcxa), a bopmupao ra je Ponom ApyuGan Paje.? Poquue 1901. on je na TIpasriom daxysrery yseo Kype cynexe bororpadpuje. Macraryt je, kona HO, oopMiben Tex 1909. rogune u Ap Pajc je BuMe pyxosozno no Hpsor crercxor para. Pajca je Ha Toj ayxuocrm sameuno Mapx Bumod, Koj je KacHHje yHampexHo pax OBor HHCTHTYTA, a MOMorao je u hopmuparbe Hayd- HX HHCTHTyTa y Mosscxoj u Bpasuzy. Menecerux roxuua (1954) Macrutyr je upomimpuo cBojy AenarHocr Ha KpuMuHOsOUIKa HCTpaxuBarba. Opaj HH- crutyt je oOasmbao Tpu CHoxeHa 3ayarKa: 1, mkosoBao je BuCOKOKBaIHpuKkoBaKe KPUMHHANUCTHUKe KaspoRe, 2. w3poquo je CnowKeHa KPHMMHANHCTHYKA BeMITAYeHA, WTO je JOupA- HeNO, y 38TH] Mepu, HayaHOM ycanpmanamy rocTojehux u OTKpuBawy HOBUX MeTONa, 4 3. Beoa ycxo je capahurnao ca nosmujom yrocehn 1 paspnjajyhu na- yane metone y Gop6u uporus xpumunasuTera. pary 1914-1918. rogune ap Rodoif Archibald Reiss ynytien je y CpOujy, a HOSE CpHicKe Brae, Kao excrepT 3a yrophisaise Honpena paTHor npaBa W3apUIelNK npema cpucKom Kapoay. [lo saapmierky para opranuiayje KpmMunazHcrndKko-TexHM4Ky nonnuujy y Beorpaay # menyje Kao excrepr 3a Hosvanune Haposue axe. Yerpo je y Beorpaity 8, asrycra 1929. roauue (Terpoauh, 1997; Mathyer, 2001). Reiss je ocean Mucruryra nayse oanuuje y Jtosain 1909, Hajanasajuju panos: La photographie judiciaire (Paris: C. Mendel, 1903), Manuel du portrait parlé (Signalement) et Code ‘élégraphique du portrait parlé (Lausanne: Th. Sack, 1914), Manuel de police scientifique (technique), I Vols et homicides (Lausanne: Librairie Payot, Paris: Felix Al- kan, 1911), Zpunyutin Modepue tonuyuje (Beorpan: 1915), Hpunot 3a peopianusayujy iomuyuje (beorpan, 1920).22 KPHMUHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA Hscrwryt je rocrao nosuar y cRety H Io Tome urro je mKonOBa0 Br cOKOKBaNM(pHKOBAHM MOAMLjcKM Katap. Ha memy cy cryampana MHorH KPAMHHATTACTITIKH paqeMMH v3 pasomaHTHX 3eMasa, Ta _H u3 TagamBe Jy- rociabuje. Ovaj mactaryr je HocTaBHo, y cBeTCKHM pasMepama, HoBe MeTO- Ae KpHMHHaIHCTHKe Koje cy oAGauMBaNe NpeTiocraBky 0 BpemHOCTH Man- Tperuparsa oKpuBseHor, sactynajyhn poKase Ha Hay4Aoj ocHoBM, a camo AOKa3HBarbe Ha NpuHUMNY McTHHe u OOjeKTUBHOCTH. Tsopai KpumMunameruKe up Xanc Tpoc (1847-1915) ocuogao je 1912. ronune Kpumnuanuctaika nneruryt y Mpary, xoj je (1918) mpomenno asus y Kpamuxonoukn nacraryr. Taj macrary? je on ocHaBara octao y cactany Tpasnor daxysrrera u KOpHcTuo ce 3a uaBoheme MacTaBe 43 KpA- Munaieraxe 1 KpaManoxoraje, a KacHaje ce Hajamme aso nerpaxupa- HMA Y BE3M ca OcyNCHHLIMMAa Ha WBIpKaRay Ka3He AUMeHa cnobore (Sa- ferstein, 1998, erp. 5). To cy Guna airrponioouma HetpaxmBarba of KOjUX cy opmapann o6mum zocajen ocyhennx. Meroe Hay4ue KpuMMHamuctuKe Zyro cy npezocTpoxHo syBaHKe 7a ux He 6m cazHam kpumunamun. Haran paszoj xpumunanucrake, ca Kp HAAMCTHAKOTEXEHYKOF acTleKra, BpaTHo je HM WkeH pasBoj C acHeKTa KO- pwuhema y KpyMMHaNHcTa MeTOMa MpyuiTseHMx Hayka, Ha TIpuMep, nicaxonornje (Bacunses a 16n0Kon, 1984, crp. 3-39). Vcka3, ka0 3HadajHO JHYHO NOKA3HO CpeACTBO, CBE BHIe NOUMBE 1a ce y34Ma Ml KOPHCTH y3 HoMoh Merona omurre newxomornje. Vemyannamy ommute neuxonoruje y upucyneamy aWaHUX HoKasa H CTBapamy ToMohue KPHMMHaIHCTHGKe AMCHMMIMAe ~ CyAcKe nCHxXOmOrHje, 3HaTHO cy XONpH- Henn: Beatam, a Heurro Kacruje I’poc, Top, Bune w apyru. Moverxom XX Beka NOWABY MHOrOOpojiia KpUMAHANICTHNKA H KPUMEONOUIKA MCTpAKA- bawa Ha OBOM Wary, aur ux je Tpau cBetcKu par npexunyo. Cau 08M 3HaNajiM pesyzTarH, nocTarnyra na Ga3H HoBesvmama KpH- MHHaIMcTHKe HM HaydHNX WocTurayha, noupumanmi cy, MemMMu4Ho, uw cyn- poruy Teszeniuujy. Passoj Hayynnx KpHMMnamMcTM4KHx MeTosa O30HJbHO je 3anpero na yrposn m HajunTusemje chepe sonexonor 2HBora. CpaKit HapeAH KOpax je YBEK M3HOBa CTBapAaO MOpamHe Hu MpaBHe Mpobseme, yAjo je peiapare Ounio Mae mM BuLe OOjeKTHBHO M XYMaHO, y 3aBMcHOCTH OX UPYUTBeHO-KONKTHYKOr OKBHpa y KOjeM Ce KOHKperHa KPHMMHaTHeTHIKA mpaxca omsujata. TIpema Tome, mpmaiia yrsphasarsa ucrane y KpuBEIHOM nocrynky, a Y Be3v ca TIPUMeHOM Hay4HHX AOcTurHyhia, FecTO ce KOCHO, Y HCTOpHjH, Ca MPHHUMLIOM JaKOMMTOCTH, XYMAHOCTA M BalTUTe YOREKOBHX npaza. Towne 1923. y Beyy je ocnowan Mucturyr 3a xpapasuonpazne nayKe ut kpdmunanucraxy. Kacuuje je 4 ovaj uacrwtyr npomenuo na3up y Kpu- MHHosOMKH HncTHTyr. Jegat on HajnosnaTHjux crpyutbaxa Koju cy pagusn y 080M HuCTATYTY 6uo je np Ponany FpacGeprep, unja je Kwara ,,[]1cuxono- rija KpHBHuHor HocrymKa nperewena H Ha nam jesux. Opaj uucrutyt je_KPHMMHAJIMCTUKA KAO HAYKA H MIPAKTHUHA JEATHOCT 23 mpetexto, Hayma ycrarova, omHOCHO on ce BHUIe GaBHo KpumAHOnOrAjoM Hero KPUMAHAACTHAKOM Mpaxcom. TloceSan snaxaj y pasnojy Kpumnanucruxe y tom mepHony uMajy yun BepsHrercke yeraxone jep ce KpHMunanucrHka ysputhyje y Hacranne mIpo- rpame 3HaTHOor 6poja mpaBHux (aky/TeTa M BHCOKHX MOMMNWICKHX LIKoMA. Jla 6 ce penmae npakrwane uorpe6e orxpabaisa KpuBuanux yea H yunnumana, 1925, roaune np xupexunju Geuxe nonmunje je ocHosan Kpumunamactwacn wacratyr, xoju je opranm3onao nosHaTH crpyamax 3urhpax Tupeea. Hucrutyrn cy ce, nperexuo, Gaps KpHMMHanMcTHUKHM BenITade- Hem, am H HacTasoM Kojy cy noxaham MMorAn TamaumH nonunujcKA cCrpyumana 13 pa3IMYHTHX eBporcKHX 3emama. Y Tlapway je jou 1922. roauue ocuosan Kpumnanucrauxa wneraryt TOA 3ajeHHIKOM yIpaBoM NpaBHor M MeqMuMUCKOr akystrera, am je TO camo mpereua osor macruryta. [pe oor macturyta, jour on 1888. rogune, y ®pannycxoj je uocrojana wexa spcra creujaiusonane KpAMHHaAHCTHY- ke cilyxOe 3a anTponomerpujcky uaentmhuxannjy. Ucrospemeno, y Jon- oxy je Mocrojara kpuMmvamerHaKorexHHaKa naSopaTopuja Koja je sar HO Yruitaia Ha passoj Kpumunaiucruke y cuery. Ocausame Mucruryra y Tlapusy nomorao je npod. ap Baltazard, cao 1 xemmaap Bajm (Bayli). Hn- CTHTYT HMa YeTMpH OfCeKa: 3a KPMBHYHO NpaBo, 3a CyACKY MeRMUMHy H HCUXMjarpujy, 3a HayyHy MOMMUMjy M KpuMUHaIy uoAMTuKy. Ocum Hc- ‘Tpaxnpama, y Hucruryty ce nperexmo Gane H nactapum nponecom. Y Vranuju je nexap Salvatore Ottolenghe (1861-1934) noxymao xa oprauvsyje, uo, yrutjajem csor 6mucKor capagauxa Yesapa Jlom6posa, likouly 3a Hay4ny nosMMjy y Pumy, amt je yo ocHuBarba oBe mIKosIe H Te- vor HeunmTuntior yoOmabara zouLio Tex 1919. rome. [kona je uwa~ Ja TPM ofCeKa: 1. 3a enyx6y uneHrapuxanuje, 2. KPHMMHAJIMCTHIKOTEXHMYKH O;CeK 1 3. anTponosouneo-GHomomkH os{ccK Y mxosm™ Hucy spmena Kpummaticruuka yemrrayema, aH ce MIKONO- pao BesKn 6poj Kampopa Kojit cy ce, Kacnmje, arnamo sanaram 3a cmpono- Heme Hayuanx npuAMna n metona y pany nommtnje. Tpycku vommmujcku uuctutyt, xoju je ocuosay oxo 1930. roxnue, Guo je ueurpanua nommunjcKa yoranona Xutneposor Pajxa a panuo je no; jaxam yrmajem HaumcrHuxor noxpera. Tlonemer je na Bue o”cexa, on KOJjHUX Ce HApOYNTO pasBHO OACCK 3a HACHTUUKALH)y. Tlocue J[pyror caetcxor pata y BusGayeny je ocHonan Canesnm KpH- MAHANIMCTHKH MHCTHTYT 3a TepHTOpHjy Name CP HemayKe. Osaj ma- CTHTYT je H3y3eTHO ZOOpo onpemmeH, aM OCHM Hera y cBakO] NOKpajuHH HOCTOJe MarbH HHCTHTYTH O1 KOjHX cy HapOAHTO MOsHATH 10 cBOjO) TPA unju onn y bapapcxoj.24 KPMMMHAJINCTHKA TAKTHKA, Tio cxojoj Hamexy, Hosumy mpeqctasma Hearap 3a mpesernujy Kpa- MuHannTera Kojn je 1963. rognne (bopmupaio Manncrapcrso yayTpaunssix uociosa y Exrseckoj. ¥ Llenrpy ce mkosyjy nommunjckn cryx6enmun KOjH ce cnenujammsyjy 3a pay Ha mpesennuju. Tporpam Ha kypcesma Koja ce oprannsyjy, yriabuom, o6yxBarajy: TexHmaKy 3alrTUTy Of KpUMuHamATeTA ‘uj je WHsb Mpoy4asaise pasaux ypehaja 3a saurrnry 02 KpBMHNATHTera — amma, o6jexara w Bosna (astapaem ypehaja u apyra cpencrsa). Kpumunanuctwaxn nucraryTa y CAJI ocumpajy ce nemo Kacanje He- ro y Esponn. [lox je y Esponm nppu nucruryr Hacrao jon 1909. roxune ( y JIo3ann), psa ycranoa ose Bpcte y AMepun ocHorana je y Jloc Anlese- cy Tex 1924. roaune. Y crpap, Taya je ocnosana uppa KpummnamicraaKa aaSoparopuja npw nomuuju y Joc Aubenecy, a men ocHmpay je nosHata KpHMBHONOr u KpHMHHamieTa Ayryer Bommep (August Vollmer). Hocue JIpyror cretcxor pata ona sa6opatopuja je mpepacaa y Kpammaanucrraxn nucratyr. Vneraryr ce asa KpuMuNaIMerM4KuM Beurrayerem nM Hcrpa- 2UBAIeM HOBAX METOAA 3a OTKPHBarbe Tparopa KpHBHYHHX Aesa. Toycta- KHYTH TakKBHM IPHMepoOM, OCHHBAjY Cc H JPyTM MHCTHTYTH Kao, Ha UpHMcp: y Herpoury (1927) ocuosana je Kpumuuanucrmaxa sa6oparopuja; saram y Uncary (1929) JlaGoparopnja 3a naymto orkpupare snouna; y Ebyjopky (1934) Kpumunannctwaxa sa6oparopuja nommuje, a ¥ysenm Denepamin uctpaxnu Oupo (MB) y Baummrrony ocnosan je 1933. romme, ca 3ayaT- KOM Ja OTKpHBa KPHBUYHA 1e1a Koja MpenctaBmajy MoBpere capesHuX 3a- Kowa, a Kala To oApenM upexcemim CAJL my cnysajesnma Koja npencran- Jbajy Wospexe ApxKazne Ges6equoctu CAJI. Y6p30 cy cKopo cau BenmKu rpagosm y CAJL umami cpoje na6oparo- puje u uncraryre (Saferstein, 1998, erp. 7-17). 3a apeme JIpyror crercxor para DBE je hbopmmpao HajMonepanje xpuxumaancTH4Ke AaGoparopyije. Jou xpajem JIpyror csercKxor para onpema zaGoparopuje PBU je npoue- ena Ha BHI OA MuaMON AONapa. To cy Gune cnenujame saboparopuje onpemmente 3a exlekrporicky OOpany rosaraKa, a open WHX cy topmapanie HW CBE Ayre 3a KPHMMHATHCTHYKOTEXHHUKA BeliTavetba KPHBHUYHHX eua. Cmatpa ce ja cy ope naGoparopnje OY nu zanac waj6ose onpemserte T10- munyijcxe naSopatopuije y cery. Y Oxsnium counjaincruukum 3emsbama 3HaTHO KacHMje 1011a3M oO OC- HHBama HHCTHTyTa M MaGopaTopHja y Kojima ce HaysHMM MeTORaMa pamH ya chpeyanany u cy36ujamy xpunnanntera. O6jexrmsne wemoryhnocra 2a COMMjaTACTHAKe 3enObe 1pKE KOpaK ca HHsyCTpHjcKH pasBijennM Bama- wom Gute cy y cKnaty ca Cramunonom nOMMTHKOM, Mpema Kojoj je TaKAB pan 6uo cnpeyasan Hf NoTHCKHBaH, H3Mehy octanor, 4 360r Tora na 6H ce MPHKpHAO Tocrojawe KPUMMHANMTeTa M 3aqpKara NpeACTasa oO wmCATHOM cOUMjanHcTHAKoM ApymiTBy 6e3 KpHMMHasa H MOpoKa. Y Mocksu je 1946. ronune, max, ocHosaa Caecane3nn fayusn MA- crmryr Muuucraperaa saurrure jasuor uoperka. Y Vacraryry panu waj-KPHMMHAJIACTHKA KAO HAYKA MH UPAKTHYHA JIEATHOCT 25 crpysuuju waysam Kazap. Onaj uactutyT wma Gorato onpemsexe naGopa- vopuje, KaGunere u OuOnMorexe, Kao H CONCTBeHY U31aBa4Ky jeaTHOCT. Togune 1963. ocnonan je, taxohe y Mocksu, 0 Canesnu Hucraryr 3a usyvaBame yspoxa 4 paspahusame mepa xojmma ce cnpewasa KpuMmnam- ter. Y wemy ce u3y4asajy y3poum kpumMunamrreta, oOpabyjy Teopujcku mpo6seMH KpHBMUNOr pasa, MavepHjaauor H MpouecHor, KprIMHHaNHcTHKe MIO] CpomAUX WMCHMTTMHHA. UW sy apyrum McrogHoesponcKum 3emsbama OCHMBajy Ce COMYHH HH- crutyta. Mey rua je vapouuro uutepecanran 3asoa 3a KpHMHHAZNC- taxy Paapne koManze rpahancke nommuje y Bapurasn, koju ce 6am u MeTOHOM HAeHTHMuKaHje Momoliy riaca, a HapaBHO MCTpaxyje M Apyre o6aactu: Tpacomorujy, spin GanucTu4Ka UcTpaxKMBatba, (ba3HIKO-xeMHj- cka ¥ ocTana ucTpaxknBama, Ma KpuMMHamicruKn My3ej M mpunpema Hayana usnara. Tlosesnpamem nosnarux uNcTHTyTa H HaywoucrpaxupadKnx yorano- Ba Ca KPHMHHamMcTH4koM MpakcoM, y3 cTamaH pasBnTak AOMpHHOC HayKe, crsapane cy ce peame ocuone koje cy omoryhazase ycnemujy 6opSy mpo- ‘THB KpuMMHanuTeTa. Y nalioj 3eMsbH TaKBH MHCTHTyTA Hemajy TpayunHjy, Maya ce nocne Jipyror csetckor pata yymamuuao passujaiy. 1.5.1. Paseo) kpumunanuetiuce y Cp6uju u Upuoj Topu Y erpyanoj xpammuanueraxoj u xpususnonpasnoj surrepatypu nuje ReTASHO ONC HeOKyTAH pasBHTAk KPUMMHAMHCTHKE HW yBohere Hayy HX MeTona y pany Ha cy36ujamy Kpumntamirera y Hamoj 3emeen. Ha HeKe moyaTke HaMja3aJIM CMO Y Crpy4HHM Yaconvcuma HM yYOeHMUHMa KpMMH- HaAJIMCTHKE, ajiM C@ HUXOBK ayTopH orpalyjy ucrHuyhy Aa ancy Own y Mo- ryhvocra Ja oly 40 cBHX Mogaraxa jep cy yHumrenn y Tory TIpsor uw Ipyror csercxor para. Tlocae JIpyror cperckor para ocHosnu nocusan axrupnocra Gopde norms Kpamnnammrera Guna jo cnyxK6a yuyrpaumnx rocstoBa Koja je, y TONeTKY, Gua BeOMa CHPOMAIIHA KPHMMHaIMCTHAKO-TeXHUNKUM HACTPy- Mentuma. M3 nepuona nppe JyrocuaBuje Hacselhjene cy camo HeKe HeTOTITy- He KpHMHHamucTH4Ke epngenunje u aacTHOcKoNcKe 36upKe. Cayx6a yny- ‘Tpannnx nocioRa, wa Kojy je mao rnasHM TepeT OTKPHRAmA KPHBMAHUX J1C- a 4 YYMAMIaNa, Mopasia je 1a MOAHE 0; NOYeTKA, Hoverxom 1946, rouse bopmupana cy npsa KpuMunanuerwiKo-Tex- HUYIKA Ofesbeha y KpHMHHaHCTAYKHM yupaBamMa Cape3HOr MHHHCTapcTBa Yay TpaMMBHx nocstOBa u penyOTMGKUX CeKperapujara 3a yayTpaunse n0C- mope. Ona ofes,erba cy opranusonama crpysny cmyK6y uzenTuuKannje, noce6ry cnyx6y 3a kpumanannetHKa Beuraserwa, a pamuso ce u Ha yca- Bpllapamy pawHMka YHYTpalEHXx TOCHOBa Ca KPHMHHa/MCTHYKO-TeXHMSKOTTAKTHKA acniekta 3a o6pany Mecta KpuMnuardor zorahaja 4 upyre kpHMuNancTH4- KO-TeXAMIKE TOCITOBE. Heuzro xacnuje, y cxopo caum peny6nukama 4 noKpajniama ocuopani cy kpumanamermaco-rexmmraxn upon Y PenyOmuun Cp6uju nocnose Kpumunamcruukux Besrrasera o6aB- wba Kpumvnanicrako-rexnwsxn uentTap Munucrapcrsa yHyTpalieux no- cuona Peny6maKxe Cp6uje, kao u Onememe KpamunanuctuaKe Texnuxe CYTH-a Beorpag. Camara ogemewa nocroje y Honom Caay 1 Humy, a y HeMITO MaseM OGUMY OBHM MOCHOBHMA ce GaBe H HOjemuHa OjebeRa Ge3- 6ensocrn, Y Beorpany je 1960. rogune, no oxnyum Casesnor m3pnmor pelia, ocuosas Vucratyr 3a KpaMmmonomxa 4 KpHMAMaNHCTIMKa HeTpakuBana Kacnnje je opaj nacturyt mpomenno ua3uB y Mxcruryr 3a KpuMHBosomiKa H commotouna HeTpaxiana. Macratyt je o6januo nexm«n 6poj crpyanux HW HayYHUX pasowa M MoHOrpaduja ca KPAMIHATHCTHAKO-HpaBHAM TeMaMa. Y sajennmun ca Jyrocsopenckum yypyxxetem 3a KpHBHYHO HpaBo HM KPH muHonornjy, om 1963. ronnie, Mucruryt u3aaje yaconuc ,.JyrocnosexcKa pesuja 3a Kpamunonorujy xpusnuno npawo* (cana je ro .,Pesuja 3a xpH- MuHomorujy 4 KpHBHIHO mpaBo"). Osaj HucTHTYT, 6e3 cyMme, MpeAcTaBLA BeOMa 3HadajHy yctanoky Koja je 4o cama Hava jenan Opoj Hatmx vajnosHa- THjKX HaydHMX pagHMKa — npodecopa GeorpancKor m Upyrux yHuBepsure- va, Vncrutyr capabyje ca MHOrHM CIMUHM HCTHTYTHMa w Ban Hale 3¢- Mibe, 4HMe 3HATHO AOMpAHOCH pasBojy u pasmeHN ncKycrBa y o6macrH Kpumunosoruje, KpHBH4nonpaBHMX HayKa M KpHMMAANACTHKe. Y opranusanuju opor wacrutyta yocat je OOaBen 3HarTaH Gpoj Hay4~ HHX HCTPUKHBAGA KPHMHHOTOMKOT, KPHBHYHONpABHOT w KPAMMBATHCTHY- xor 3nauaja. OxayKom Casesnor w3apumor Beha, of 21. jyna 1976. romune, ocHo- nan je Muctaryr 6es6eanocr Canesnor cexperapyijara 3a ynyTpamnne n0- cioBe, ¢ WHsbeM MpoBohera HayWHONCTpaxuBayKor payla HU OOyKe KaypoRa 3a norpeGe cayx6u GesGennocty. Cana osaj uncrutyr panama BesGexHo- cHo-wapopMarHenoj aremmnja Peny6mmxe Cp6nje. Mueruryr je onpemzen najcaspeMenHjHM TexHMSKUM CpesICTBHMa, a Y HheMy pam W BHCOKORayaAN Mm BeoMa cTpyyan Kagap. Uucraryt je opajewrucan na npahewe npumene MeTOMa H CpescTapa KpHMHHamalla, ONHOCHO Ha Npoyuwapawe, npunarolja- harbe M yoaspitasame najcaspemennjux naysHnx H TexMUMEAX joCTUTHyha pad HUXOBe MpHMeHe y pany Ha cnpewasamy v OTKPHBamy KpHBMUNUX Wea W HUXOBHX yanHusatta. Tako OBaj MCTHTyT UparH CaBspeMeHa NocTur- nyha kpHMunasHcTHake TexHMKe Hy 3HAaTHO] MepH NONpHHOCH HeHOM pas- BOjy, a THMe H pasBojy KPHMMHAMCTUKe y NeMHEM. Y CpGujn je npuxsahena rpHxoromua nonena KpHMMNaucTHKe TeK nocae Jipyror crerexor para. Mamehy Tpsor u J{pyror crercxor pata ona ce Kom Hac paspujana nox yruuajem Tpery6oxa, Koju je ocne Gexcrsa 13__KPHMMHAJIMCTHKA KAO HAYKA Hi FIPAKTHUHA JIEMATHOCT 27 Pycuje npex OxroGapcKom pesouyuujom qomao y Beorpas, rue je kacunje mpeyapao KpuMAMasMcTHKy Kao npoipecop [Ipasnor darysrera y beorpany. 3uasajuor capagumKa y o8om nepuogy uMao je y P. Pajcy, xoju je y Beo- rpat yomao u3 Jlosaie Kao Beli adupwucaum HayyHHK Pye je BailycTHO concrseny mictatyt Hy Hapomoj Sanu Cp6nje ocnosao Cayax6y 3a Be- mrrayerse saxHor HoBra. Ca mya je ycxo capalusao uA. Anoxonuh, Ta~ JaMEH med Texnuaxe nommuje y Beorpasy Osa Tpojuua adupmucanmx crpyubaka Aas cy 3nauajaH AONpHHOC pasnojy kpummnamicruxe y Cp6uju, npe cscra TexnmaKe, anu muxoB Ha- nop, unax, Huje wmao weher ecexra. Paszor je Guna Hayana sanymrenoct oBor No_py4ja K OTHOP Koju je Taqammba CpexuHa HMasIa IIpemMa HOBAHAa- Ma opakne Bpcre. Iocse JIpyror crerckor pata 3Hagajan onpunoc pas- sojy KPAMMHanMeTHKe Kom Hac Upyxwin cy Jb. CaMonosnh, B. Bogune- suh, T. Mapxosah, 2K. Anexcuh, kao u jeaan Spoj npakrayapa — nayanux pallivka H McTpaxHBaya KOjM Cy cBOja Ipodecnonamna onpeememHa Be- 3uBaxM 3a Oprae YHYTpamMMBHX noOcnoRa, OMNOCHO HUXOBe o6pasoBHe MHCTHTYHUje. Jlanac ce kpumunamneraxa y namo} 3eMcbu Hajnotnymje usysana na Tlosmnujckoj axagzemuju u Bumoj ukosm yaytpammux nocnopa y Beorpa- ay. Uoumnujeka akagemuja yxupa yrueq Hajsnasajauje Mm BeOMa KOMUC- TCHTHE CyKAaTHBHe BHCOKOOGpazoBNe ycTaHoBe 3a OBy HacraBHo-Hay4ny oGaacr. Ha apyrum sucoromnoncka yeranonama, 1). Ha TpanaM dary.t- TeTuMa y wamoj 3eMsbM, HacraBa KpuMuHasmcruke Buje yjemuayena. Ha npapnim dbaxysrerama ona nocToju Kao camocranan, oGapesan WH omuM- oH mpeaMer. Tlorpe6a 3a yereummjum cynporcrassatsem KpmMumanwtery saxTena Muoro o6umuuje yrpahusaise KpHMHANMCrHKe y HacTaBKe uporpame, npe cpera mpasnux axysrera, y3 npenaamnaxeme cranonumra o KpHMinamHc- THM Kao HoNMUMjcKO) Hayna, NoMobyo} HaysHO] mMCHMTUIMAM MH, TAK, pakTH4AuM NpaBuMMa OTKpuBatba KpHBHANMX jeuIa M YUMAMIALa. Konumimpawe macrapnyx mporpama 43 KpuMHnamueTuKe y Banmonu- ajc yeranozama, Hup. mpaBium dakyateruMa, npe je pesystar nap- WMjaIsMX CHOpaqM4AHX NOcTyawHa Hero TWIaHCKHX ApyUIrBeHo OnpaBsa- HX HaCTOjarba MWiaHHpaHHX y ckulamy ca OCMHULbCHHM Nporpamuma cyn- porctapypama KpaMmnammrory. Morpe6a nornymjer anaacraucor manu patha KPHMMHanMCTHKe y HacrasHe Nporpame TIpaBux daxyaTera Bue je nero ounriemia. Hacrabiu KpuMunannernukH canpxajn rpeGano 6u ja yay opujenTucann mpema ciesehum enementHMa: a) y omocy Ha castiama xoja cy Heonxomaa 3a Oyayhy npobecniy au- WIOMApaHHX NpaBHAiKa, 6) c nem pasBujaha Gyayhax cnocoSuocrH Koje npeBasHase NOg- py4je kpuswsnor mpaga u ojHoce ce Ha Apyra panna nog~pyaja (rpaljaucko upaso, yupaeuo mpaso, uHancujcKo upawo 4 Up.).28 KPMMVHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA OcuoBAH Heyoctarak y u3syyaBamy KpuMMAamacTUKe jecte, MehyTam, HeMocTojame creyHjarmsalvja mpema nojeanHHM WpobreMeKHM moupyyjH- Ma Kpum“uamnrera. C o63upom na cBe npucytanjy mpodecnonamaannjy 1 cnennjannsanujy KpuMunanana 1 KpHMunatHTera yonurTe, cneunjanucrH- yka KOHI{eMNMja H3yyaBarba KpHMMHamHcTuKe Ouia GH BeoMa KOpucHa H Ca OcHOBaHOM MpeTmoctasKoM Ou monpunena ycneumujem copeyanary Kpu- MuHanurera, 1.6. Crpyrypa kpamunaancraKe Tlocroju TpaqHimonama nogxesa KpAMHHQINCTHKe Ha KPHMMHamMCTH- Ky TakTHKY, KPUMMHAJIMCTHIKy TeXHHKY M KpHMHHaNMeTHIKy MeTORUKy. Osa rogena janac uma sume TeopyjcKi Hero mpaxrHame 3Hataj Y cappeMeHoM OTKpHuBamYy KPHBKYHUX fea HM HSBpIOMTALa, MATepAN- CIMIMHApHK Hpucryn je HeonxosaH jep NoBesyje cacBMM pasmManre H Ke~ Teporene Hayke, 1a je yTOHHKO Mpe ona HoAeIa KPHMHHaNHcTHKe, Koja npegcrapya jenmucTnery Hayxy, ca jour Mame ocHosa, Mehytam, oBa T10- Hela je 3a Hac HyKHA W3 WMaKTHYKHX pa3sora, a BY je Moryhe ycnoBuo W3BeCTH, C O63HPOM Ha MeTOMe H CpeACTBa KojHMa Ce cBaKa OJ OBHX rpaHa KPUMMHaINCTUKe KOpucTH. Ope MeTOAe H CpesCTBa Cy paxIW4HMTH 3a cBaKy Ou, HaBeeHHX rpaHa, Maja Ce OHM NpOxKUMajy HM AOMYwYjy, HapodwTo 13- Mehy KpHMUNaTHCTHAKe TaKTAKe 4 MeTOHIK. Kpumunanctaana Taxtaxa? Kao Teer KpHMMHanHeTaKe, usysaRa 1 yoappuiapa OMMITa KPHMMH@JMCTH4uKa TpaBiila uw pane Metone y HWY THUXOBe MPAKTWaHe MPUMeHe NpwIMKOM cy30ujana KPUMMAaTHTeTa, OMHO- CHO pad OTKpMBama H packeTHaRarha NSBPUWICHUX KPHBMYHHX jyevIa, M IH xopor cnpetasama (Bemkun, 1977, crp. 42-47; 3ylixos, 1977, erp. 5-18). Kpumunasueraka Taxruka ce Gas nojaBnuM OOmMUMMa KPHBHYHHX Zesa, HauIHMMa HUXOBOF BpIema, MOTHBUMA H tAeBHMA 3Gor KOjNx Hacrajy, 3aTHM CIpy4HuM 3HaHMMa, BeUITHHAMa, KPUMHHaTHM cKTOROCTHMAa, Ha- HHOM 2HBOTA M TICHXOAOTHjOM W3BpUuIMAaNA KpHBMGHMX ena. Kpamuna- JMCTHYKA TAKTHKA OBA CasHaba yONITARA M AOHOCH ancrpakTHa KpHMMAa- TMCTHAKA NpaBAla IPHMeHIbMBA, yrAaBHOM, Ha cBe cHyaajeBe OTKPUBAma KPHBHGHHX ea H BMXOBUX YUMHMIALA, Kao M Ha Cripedaparbe Hactynama KPHMHHaiHe TlocnesMHe. Mana ce KpuMmnamicriaKa rakrmca we Gas KpuMuHarucTHAKo- ~T@XHH4KHM METOAMa, OHA TOBE3Yje TAKTHUKE M TeEXHMYKEe MeTOJe pala. Y cxaaay ca cHnorHerHakoM KpuMusasucTHxoM, OLHOCHO HemIM 3H- RAKTHYKHM TporpaMoM, MojetMun ayTopw y Nlonpyyje KpuMMnanncraKxe rakruKe yOpajajy u caupsaje xpympuanuctuaxe enomenonoruje KpH- 2 Plojam yraxrnxa' noticie u3 rpucor jesnka ,,Taktike tehne“, a uapaa tawraKa psx je yriorpe6uo Albert Weingart y ucronsmexoj ibis 1904. roame (Boaanenuh it Anexcuh, 1990, rp. 4).KPHMMHAJIMCTHKA KAO HAYKA HTIPAKTHYHA JEATHOCT 29 Mmmamictirixe Mophosoruje. H kpamunanncraun cagprxaju Koj cy y Be- 3M ca TIPeBCHUMjOM KPHMMHATMTeTA, KAO M KPHMAHAHe NonuTHKe, Mpema HaweJeHOM CXBaTamy, NocTajy KpAMuNaMNCTHUKOTaKTHUKH cappoKajH. Kpamumamicrirrsa Taxrixa 2onocn cBoja ommuta TIpaswia Ha ocHOBY Hpakce BpHicha HOJeMMANX oTeparuBHO-TaKTHEKAX Mepa Hu Parwu, 3 KO- pauheme Merona wpyrux Hayka, a paflM HUxXOBe WeNMcxo_MUje M yerctu- Huje 6yxyhe mpumene. Tako ce Moxke POBOPHTH O TaKTHLM NpHMKyrubama STaNHX joKasa (Cacnymarba OKPHBIeHOr, cacmymama cReqoxa), MpHKyt- sbatsa OOasemmTera (OGaBsbame pasroBopa Ca OCyMEMYeHHM, ouITehienHM 1 cul.), 0 TAKTHLY yrephusawa yeHTuTera, neruTMucama, npaherwsa u ocMa- ‘Tpama, TakTHIIN TMuerwa cmoboxe, TakTHMM UpeTpecama (qHMWa, CTata, Mpe- BOSHMX cpescTaba), TakTHNH Bpiema yauhaja, Takrma BemTayema (Kepu- MAHAIMCTHUKHX H p.), TAKTHUM KaHApalba OnepaTMBHor pana Ha OCHOBY WH AMUMja M BepsHja, TAKTHIUM MWiaHupara MH MpezySHMatba MpeBeHTHBAHX Mepa y ofuocy 4a oxpelene KpuMuHastHe CpeqHHe, HIM Mpema oxpehenum JIMUMMa CKIOHHM KpHMitHasHOM noHauary. Tipeny3uMarbe nojeqMHx onepaTuBHO-TaKTHYKHX Mepa H pagmu, 10 TpaBMIHMa KPUMARAMICTTIKe TAKTHKe, OCHOBRU je yoIOR 3a WHHXOBO yc~ nemo peanm3zoname. Tomyjyha kpummaanuctuako-raxTuaKa Hayena, 1c- TOBPeMeHO Ce, y MYHO} Mepu, peanusyjy u OCHOBHH NpHANHNH KpAMHam- CTHYKe MeTORAMKe W KPHMMHATHCTHUKe TexXHuke. One Tp THCIMTUIMHe cy ¥ mpakcu jeqMHcTBeHe, 1a 64 HapyuiaBawe OcHOBHNX paHta 360r norpe- ule mpuMene Gusto Koje HUXORe Meroe, HO MpaBHay, Hato HeraTHBaH pe- synrar. Kpammnanncrayka racraxa je, Hajschum genom, penpecusxa rpana Kpumuniamicrike, ¢ o63upoM Ha To aa je, WAKO Ha arierpaxran HayAH, yC~ Mepelia [IpeMa KpHBHYHOM Telly 1 yHMHHOUY, ¢ WHUbeM HeroBOr OTKPUBAmA QoRohema y Kay3aiHMoct, 3Ha49H, Hajpchym jer0M noctzenmMKTHO. Kpumy- Mamucruka ce, MehyTuM, 6aBu M NojesmHuM MeToNaMa cnpevaBana KpUBH- AIX jlena, Hactojehu na oTKpuje 1 cy36nje Hexe om KpMMAHOreHAX y3poKa WIM, Mak, ja clpedu Hacryname came KpuMHHanHe MocHenHNe Y HeKO} OM (asa useputema kpuBmanior ena. C o63upom Ha To sa je sanavaK oze rpane KPHMHHAIHCTHKe, NpakTHYHO, BeOMa yCKO OMelen H OrpaHHeH Ha KOHKpe- THa KPHBHYHA esa H TO HOCTACIHKTHO, OBE MeTOe KoOje HMajy MpeBeHTHB- HM KapakTep 3a Caya ce lipe Mory Npunucata TakTHNM M TexHMUM, Hero KPHMMEAIMCTHYKO} MeTORHMHH. Kpumunaincraika TexuHka nponana3su, mpoyaana, upusarohasa wu upuMemyje NojenuHe MeToue TIpMpoaHHX HM TeXHMIKHX HayKa Ha ONpehena KPHBH4Ha ela past HMXOBOr OTKPHBalba, OHOCHO Obe30ehuBaHa MOKa3za © KpHBHUH H3BpurMoHa, Npe cBera, MaTepyjaiHHx. Kpamunanucrutea Texumka mpuGanma, upwiarohasa, ycasputaza, HpHMerbyje MeTOye {[pyrux HayKa pajim MpHKybawa, oTkKpuBarba, o6e36e- Herma u pakcupawa MaTepujanHHx BoKa3a, Beem onpehenux neTpax-30 KPMMHHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA HEX panebu: yeuljaja, pewtasema u apyro. [porpec wayKe m TexauKe you- lTe YH Ja ce OBaj ACO KPHMMHANHCTHKe Hasa3H Y CTAaNHOM ycroHy, Ha- pOwHTO Kaya je y WATABY MpoHnanaxcwHe MuKpoTparosa, Kao H MOjeMMHMX MeTosla BeLITaverba Koje pamuje Hucy Ouse npHcTynaune KpumMunanuctumn. Y okBupy KpuMunasucrH4uKe TeXHAKe TyTeM HoceGHUX Hay4HO BepH- (puxonannx MeTosia ipumermyjy ce muoroSpojtia Hayana m TexHMYKa JocTH- rayha. One Metoge umajy Benn Kpuvemamactiasn 3Hauaj, c o63apoM Ha ‘TO Ha cy OHe y 3HaTHO] MepH amanTHpane u npwrarohene norpeOama o6e3- 6ehupana MaTepujamHHx JoKka3a y npeTkpHBH4HOM TocTyriy. Viaxo dysknuonanio yuna uesuny, KpUMuBanncrHuKa TexAuKa ce MOrKe HOMCIMTH Ha OlepaTHBHO pervicrpauiouy H Hcrpaxkuy: 1. [vss oneparapno-perucrpartuove TexHHKe jecte mponaraKerbe Tpa- roBa M MIpeyMeTa KpUBMMHOT neTa, TIpe cRera Ha MecTy M3BpUIemA KPUBHH- HOF jlesa, 3aTuM uKcHpaie pasHHx aneRMUE (y BesH ca TparoBMMa u TpewMeTHMa) TexHNGKMM H TpadHaKHM Meronana. 2. Uerpaxna xpumnasiermasa Texnmka npuMemyje ce pana vierpa- 2KUBADA H BEMTadeba NOjeAMHHX TparoBa M HpeyMera y KpHMynNanucTay- KHM, CYACKOMCZHHMHCKYM 1 ApyruM JaGopatoprjama y Bes ca KpHBHY- HEM J@IMa. Hoce6wo je unrepecarria oSxacr Kpumunanacrauxe rpacosoruje, Koja ce GaBH npovanaxkeiem, HCTpaxuBatseM H HByYABAeM Tparona, 10- ceOHO Y BE3H Ca TLUXOBUM HacTaHKOM, CTPykTyPOM, MOpeKNOM, 3aTHM Haa- 3HBaIbeM YKOIMKO CY HCBAALbHBM MeTOsaMa 3a (pHKCHpame, HAXOBEM KO- puuhemem Kao Marepyjamimx joxkaza y KpHBMuHOM HocTymKy, WIM maK y niponecy Bemrrayerma, TIpumena KpummuanversuKo-rexumanux Metosa je of moce6Hor 3#a- waja 3a MenTHbUKaUHjy wHua, xMBOTHHA HM IIpeaMera. V3 UpHMeHy KpH- MHHAMMCTHYKO TeXHHYKUX cpecrapa wmeHTHHKaLMje H perneTpantuje KpUMMaTMeTHKA TexHMKa wa H Mloce6an 3Ha4aj 3a clpeyaRame BpuTewa KpHBHYHHX Aesa. Opa rpatia KpHMHHauIMcTHKe NpHMemyje MeToze MHOTOGpojHHX HayKa Off, Koj“x CTBapa ConcTReHe MeTOse KOje HocTajy KpUMMHaNHcTHIKe, Onmire McTOe KOje KPHMMHANHCTHAIKa TEXHMKA TIPHMeryje jecy: T0- cMaTpae, Mepebe, OnUCHBaHLe, yropeluBare, ekcrepuMenTHCabe, NOK cy cnenwjame KpiMunanncranke MeToxe, HMp. Tpacosomna, rpacoronna, Sanuctuuxa, ororpapexa, MaremaTH4uKka (cTaTHCTMYKe, MATeEMATHYKO J10- rauke, MogeMpare), Beoma wupoky upameny y KpHMMHanHcTAnH HMajy xemujcke H (pH3H4Ke MeTome. Buomourke MeToge HetocpexHO ce npume- wyjy 4a tparone Koje octapsbajy xuBa Ona syycKor, KHBOTHEECKOr Hi 6H JeHor Hoperia (Maxcumosuh 1 Togopuli, 1995, erp. 9-11). ‘Unmennua je qa ce qocrurnyha Texnuke H Hayke KOpHcTe Hy KPUMH- naJIHe CBPXe, WTO 4HNH MpHMeHY KPUMMNaAUCTUIKe TexHUKe jou HEONXO- maujom. Ona ce Gaba mponali@xemem M TIpHkyrubambem TexunuKHx cpen-_KPHMMHAJIMCTHKA KAO HAYKA H MPAKTHUHA JEJIATHOCT. 3 L craba 4 MeTOsa Hy UpeBeHTHBHOM WWby y CMHCIY OTKPHBaIba LIpHNpeMa~ HUX KPHBHTHEX ENA, OSes6ehema sHavajHMX OGjexara u cmHIHO. Kpumananictwxoj rakranu 1 KpHMMHanHcTHuko) TexHnmA ce cyn- porcransajy jenmuksentcKa taxruka 4 TexnuKa. TakraKa 4 TexumKa KojoM ce clyKe KPHMHHANILM Y 3HaTHO] MepH NoBpaTHo yTHYy Ha Kpenpame KpH- MHH@JIMCTHYKe TAKTHKE M-TCXHHKE. Tas Kpaemramcrayxe meronuxe jecre npumenta Metomia H cpemcrasa KPHMHHQIMCTHYKe TaKTHKe HW KpPHMHHAsIHCTH4Ke TexHuKe Ha Onpeleny Bpc~ ‘Ty KpHBHdHHXx jesa. TIpx Tome, KkpHMHHaMcTH4ka MeToquKa warpabyje 1 ycanpmana concTReHe Meroe m cpeacTsa, Koja ce sacmuajy na creumps- HOCTHMa KOHKpeTHUX Bpcra KpuBuuHUX jena. Tlojemmue Bpcte KpaBMaHUX esa, Kao MITO CY KPBHH ACIMKTH, HMOBMACKA ZenMKTH, MpABpeMHM NemHK- TH, caobpahajim 1 xp. ca caojum noarpynama, Ha npuMep, Temka y6ucTBa # ‘TenecHe HoBpene, mpoBaiue Kpabe u yenue Kpale, pasGojummrrea u pas6oj- unuxe Kpabe, yrpookaname jasnor caoSpahaja m apyra, umajy Hus cen (pwsitoctn m Beoma cy pasumante, y caojmm TojasnaM oOmmnuma, 3aTAM 110 HauMHy W3BpUeHba, yOTpeOsbeHMM CpexCTBHMAa HM MeTOsaMa KoOje KOpucTe KpHMHHatM. Yopaso TakBa XeTeporevocT KPHMMHayHOr McnOsbaRarba ranckyje cnennbwdax Upwas KONKpeTHIM KPABMIAHM jena M KaNa cc mpemy3uMajy nojequHe oneparHBHo-rakTwyKe Mepe H pale, y Wuey O1- KpHBarba HW pacseTsaBawa OBNMX KPUBHIHHX nena. Te cHenabwaKe meTome H CpeacTRa y OWHOCY Ha OTKpHRambe H parjalimerme NojenMAadHux KPHMH- HaHMX crydajena w3yTaBa KPHMHHaTHeTHaKa MeTosMKa. [pn Tome, omra mipaBila KPMMHHaJIMCTHIKe TakTHKe WM TeXHUKe TONpHMajy cnennbuday cayIpkHay OPHMeHOM Ha TojemMnagmie cirysajere. To je m paanor 4a u3yasame KpuMunanncTwaxe TaxruKe mperxoaM METOAHUM, OAHOCHO a Ce MCTOAMKa CMaTpa HoceGHOM TAKTHIKOM, & IbHXOB mehyco6un onnoc je ananoran oHocy ommrer m noce6nor jena KpwBrarior npana, 1.7. Onnoc KpuMHuAnucTuKe TaKTHKe H OcTasUX rpana kpuminmamierne Tlox je oxnoc uameby Kpumunanuctwaxe rexauKe u xpyre use rpane KpHMHHATHCTHKe penarHBHo jeqHOcTaRaH, omHOC H3Mehy TakTHKE HM McTO- nuke je y 1#Teparypu qemmmauno nonemuyay. Y KpHMMHacTHIM He 10- cTOjH jeMHCTBeH CTaB O TpHNapTHTHOj HoxeIM, pu Yemy jetar Opoj ayro- pa Herupa mocrojame MeToRMKe Kao MoceGHe rpaHe KpHMMNATHCTHKe, On- HOCHO WACHCTHpa Ha HeHOj BeoMa YcKoj ToResaHOCTH ca TaKTUKOM. KpH- Muuamucru B. Bogunenuh 1 2K, Anexcuh (1990) ucrayy: ,,.Kpumunanuern- Ka je jenWAcTBeHa AMCHMMTHHA KOja Ce rpana Ha KpHMMHANUCTHYKY TeXHH- Ky u Taxraxy“, KpamunanuctaKa TaxTuka ce cactoju u3 onurrer m noceO- HOF jlema (MeTOjHKAa).32 KPMMUHAJIACTHKA TAKTHKA, 2K. Anckenh uM, Uheysuti (1997; Anexcnh, 1988) Hapose: ,,...70 je Hayka 0 TEXHMUM, TAKTHUM MH MTOM MeTpaxuBarba M Clipeyapatha Kpu- BHAHHX J1eNa, pH YeMy ce TakTuKa HW MeToguKa oncToBeliyjy ca oHOCOM onmrrer 1 noceéHor*. TIpema mausemy Anexcuha, xpumunanucrnka jo Hayka 0 TCXHHUM, TakTMINM M MeTOAMUM HCTpakuBaHa M cHpeyaBama KpH- BUYHEX ela NPH YeMy Ce KPAMHWANHCTHIKa TAkTAKa A MeTORKKA Taxohe noncronehyjy ca onnocom onnrrer # oce6nor. 1. Kepjas (1976) npuxeara rpojxy noneny kpumunanacruke uera4y- hu Aa je ,,...KpHMHHaJMcTH4ka MeTOAHKa ToceOal Zeo KpHMMAaMcTHUKe raxrue...* (erp. 21). B. Hasamnti n JI. Mosum (1995) mumy: ,,Kpumanasm cTH4Ka MeTOANKa Hin MoceGHa TakruKa BpO je pasroBeTHO H HHaMHAHO noupyyje KpumananucruaKe tacruxe™ (erp. 11). Enwaxnoneanjcxe onpen- nme (panna exmmetonemja, 1985, erp. 675; Bomxosnh, 1999, erp. 183; Anexcuh u Musosanosnh, 1993) merommy taxohe aedumury kao noceSant eo KpHMuHanMcTHyKke TaxtuKe. HM nojesuHu npouccyamMcT wa cman HATHH HepMAMIy ONHOC ABejy Ppana KpUMMHATHCTHKe, Ip YeMy MeTOsH- xy ompehyjy kao rroce6ax eo Taxruxe (Bejatosuhi, 1995, crp. 60; Muzomie- sulin Cresanosuhi, 1997, crp. 49). V ucrom cmncay, opaj oaHoc yuyrap KpuMHHamcTaKe, na cyan HauHH, oApehyjy u HojenMHN crpau ayropu (Holyst, 1971, erp. 9~15). Cxparama paammunra on nasenennx jasmajy ce Kon Bemxuua (1963, ctp. 11-15; 1969, exp. 10-13), savum Bacrusesa (1971, erp. 11), kao HW KOM nomahux ayropa T. Mapkosuha (1972, crp. 32), JL. Jumurpajesnha (1975, cmp. erp. 35-36), P. Manenuuha (1947, crp. 3). Osa ayropa npuxparajy TpojAy NOAeLy KpuMunasucruKe, Hox MH. KoSosen (1950, erp. 3) neruye na KpHMHHanMCTHKy caumanajy KpuMuHaMCTAdKAa TeXHMKa, TAKTHKa, TICH- xosoruja, cyycka Meqununa w jon Heke aucummmae. Jb, Cumoxosuh (1955) ogo cacraBy Jogaje 1 KpHMuManncTHdKky MeToaHKy, 10K A. Myrna (1951, crp. 6) nes kpuMnnanuctaky Ha onmTH 4 noceSHH Aco, npH 4eMy ce oceOuu Jeo OgHocH Ha MeTOAUKy. PenaruBHo pa3IHuHTa MHUIJberba H CYaBOBM O TORCH YHYTap KPUMH- HaMMCTHKe, Kao H MpoMeHe cTapona Hucy of Behume ayTopa mpahenn 1 anekRaTHum obpasioxxeruma, Ha mITa c Mpasom yrasyje u B. Boawnemh (1985, erp. 21-26).4 Ounrsequo 7a je BeoMa AMHaMH4aH pa3Boj caspemMeHe KpHMMnamHcTH- Ke, Koja CBE BUMe TexKH Ka CheuMjanH3auujU WO TOjeqMHMM WeMMHaMa, 10- BO AO CHCTEMCKOF H3Bajaiba KPHMMMANHCTHUKe MeTOAKe Kao Tpehe rpa- ue one Hayate UCKHMIHAe, Bes 3naaja je aa nm he ona Gur osnaeHa Ka * Mebyras, BosuHeanh ce y ucroj kibitan 2astaaxe 3a tpojity mogeny: yMit pasma- TPAMO KPHMUNAMICTHYKY HayKy Kao jeMRuCTBeHY UeMAHy Koja UMA CBOjy pasBojxy erpyxrypy, Tj. mogcucrenm (rexuuKa, Tarka, MeTOAMKA) ce MMMPOKO H paBHONpaBHO. pasaujajy, ain y opraricxoj nev jeaor yesor™. Onaj cran nemmemmuno je paaansur on lperxoavio WiTupaHHx on HeTor ayTopa.KPHMUHAJIACTHKA KAO HAYKA H TIPAKTHYHA JIBLATHOCT 33 noceGHa Taxruxa unm MeroguKa. Y crakom enysajy, rpojira nomena je Baxk- Ha kao OCHOBa 3a CTRapase KPUMMNAINCTHYKUX YeTMHA Upema cued HOCTHMA MeTORAa KPHMHRANMICTHAKOr MocTynarba 1 CHeNUpMENHX canpaKaja KOjM NponcTH4y 43 KpUMMHatMcTH4KHX NorpeGa, mITO je Oo HecyMmUROr AMgakTu4xor 3dauaja. 360r Tora oBa Tloze1a HMa ONpaByawa jep OHa OMO- ryhapa najnornyHuja yeu y campxaj H MeToae KpHMHMasHCTHKe y uemMEH Hi nojemmuaano 10 rpariama, 36or era ce 3a ORY TloeRY u oNpemesyjeMo. Beg wayanor ochoga je HcTunaTH HOMHHaLAjy Ous0 KOje rpaue KpH- MHHaMMCTUKe, jep Ce Tpojita ToseHa MOxKe IPHXBATHTH HCKYIUBO Kao Te~ opujcka, OAHOCHO AHAaKrM4uKa, 6e3 YBpCTOr OCHOHNa y NpakrHyHom KpH- MUHAJIMCTHUKOM MOCTyMaty, HapodTo Kana je OLHOC TAKTHKE HM MeTORMKe y unrany. KpumunanneruyKa TakTaka, Wave, mpoyyapa nojequAe onepaTHBHO ‘TAKTHUKE Mepe M Pale, UpaBwa uiaHMpaka OneparuBHor pasa Ha OCHOBY uaguija 4 Bep3uja, npasiia BoljeHa upeTKpuBM4Hor MOcTyNKa HW MOKpe- Taba KPHBUYHOr MOCTyNKa, ali CBe TO Ha jenan younITeH, aricrpaxran Ha- oma. KpaMmnamiernyxa Meroymca, Mely THM, npaa pasiimke mpu mpumexn CBUX OLepaTHBHO TaKTHYKHX Mepa pasisH, y 3aBMCHOCTH OX KPHBHMHOT jena, 6e3 063upa Ha TO WTO NocToje 3a cRaky Om HX TpaBHta Koja HM OM: pebyje xpmmmamnerauka taxraxa, Vnytersa koja qaje KpuMAanucTH4Ka TakTAKa npencraBajy, Haun, onurry opujentanujy Koja ce cacroju y oprauu3osamy u crpoBobery nper- KPHBH4HOr HW KpHBHIHOr HocTynKa. Merognka, 3a pasMKy Of TAKTHKe, yun Hac Kako TpeOa nojeqMHa KpHMuHancrHuxo TacrHEKA MpaBtsia TpuMeru- BaTH Ha Nojenunade cirydajeBe. Taxo, Ha mpwMep, ¢ jemne crpane, nocroje ormra npanna yanthaja, WOK, C Apyre crpane, mocroje BenuKe pa3zmMke y Bplemy yBubaja Kon Kpu- BHYHUX jena upoRamHe Kpahe n yGuctea, 3arum caoOpahajyor zenm«Kra u naesune. Hucy vicra mpapiia 3a orkpuparbe m TaMpame nperKpuniy- HOP HOCTYNKa, Ha MpHMep, KOA KpHBUYNOr Jena cuoBama H cbancuuKo- Baba HOBL{a H Apyro. Kpamananneriixa Taxraka npy2ka oma 3namba xpHMUHanucTH, Koju he y cnom pany 6wrH ycremar ononHKO KoNMKO TakBa Omura KpUMAHArC~ THUKa Ca3Hakba, MeTONe M cpeicrsa, Gye y Mpakcw ycrewino mpHaroyHO kouxpetiom cnysajy. TIpamemena y npaxcn, ommra KpaanamiernyKo- -raxrMuKa npasiiia Tako MojoqmHauanx Metoza Sumajy oGorahena soBuM canpaajuma. Tako q06ujena casHara Takrwka Youurraza, A3BIA4H H3 HX OHO UITO je 3aj@MHHYKO, palMoHanHo H UeTHCXONHO, yrpalyje y Beh nocTo- jeha (10m nsrpalyje nona) npanvma TocTynama u ycTyta MeTonHIM, panH enor mpaxTaynor yemepasaia. Oryna je 3uayaj KpuMuAanncTHuKe ‘raK- THKe BPO BeHKH, jep je eH 3agaTaK ja OLLITHM MeTOxaMa OOyxBaTH Be- muku 6poj cxyaajena. 360r Tora ofHOc KpHMMHaNMcTHaKe TakTMKe HM KpH- MHHaIMCTH4Ke MeTOMKe Hije jeHOcMepan, Beh y3ajamMaH M BpsI0 AMHAMH-wan, TO je AMjaqeKTHYKH OAHOC Kopenannje onmrer MOcebuor y Kome ce KpUMHHAHCTHYKa TAKTHKA He MOWKE CMATPATH OYETHMM, OAHOCHO KPUMH- HAHCTHYKa MeTOAMKa 3ABPIINMM je10M KPHMMHANHCTHKe, Hak, Ha pp NOTAes, TAKAR HHXOB OFHOC wITIeLa JOrMyaH. TakBUM TpeTuparem KPH- MuHanucruke v3ryOu0 6u ce ten Npaxrusia emucao, nororosy jep je a Towena TpakTH4He KPHMMMANNCTHKe Ha nojeMHe rpane camo yesoBHa. Tloxenom, nak, npaxrnane xpummnanictaxe 1a nojenune haze ws zenoBe no peyocuesy (No¥eTHH, 3aRpmHM) 3aNeMapyje ce y KPHMMHanuCTHLUM On- HOC Y3ajaMHOCTH, AHHaMMKke, ONepaTHBHOCTH, OAHOCHO OA Ou TaKO ocr poMammnsaa H M3ryGnna cBaKH NpaKTH4HA CMHcao. Zanarax KpHMMHaNHeTHUKe TaKTHKE jecTe fa nocpeAHO sorIpunece yeappulaparby NOjeuMHHX KOHKpeTHUX MeTOsa, OAHOCHO Ha OTKHOHM Hen0- craTKe OHHX cnenMPM4HHX y oMHOCy Ha NojemMHa KpHBMYHa Jena. To ce HapowuTO OAHOCH Ha OHe OGJacTH ¥ Koja KPMMHEAIMCTHHKA MeroaHKa Huje ROCTHIaa TakaB HHBO ChenMjanH3auuje 4 crpyynoctu 4a 64 Morsma yc- Meio Wa ce Cynporcrassa GusT0 MpHMecHOM perpecuRAAX, Gano Mpume- HOM lipesestruBHux mepa. Oryga 1 noctojm otpe6a muTen3unHor pasBoja KpHMHHaQTMCTHYKe MeTOAHKe He CaMO Ha Hay4HOM Hero HM Ha crpyduoM, KpeaTHBHOM MWiany, jep TO 3axTeBa pasnoBpcna u BeoMa cnenMpudna de- HoMewonornja kpuMatanurera, [pa ycaspurasamy cpojux Metoma Kpunent- naTAcTHUKa TexHMKa ce pasauja MHOrO sMHAMiTUHHje. C o63upom na Haznaveno, kpumunasucruka he y npakcu 6ura yerem- sa caMo ako xeayje jemauerscno. TIpaxtuana npumena KpaMMnamucruxe vcksbyayje Moryhwocr napuajatHor mpusaza ¢ acnexra 6us0 Koje rpaxe KpHMHHanMcTHKe. Y mpakrHaHoj UpMMeuM cBe Tp pave: TakTHKa, MeTO- AMKa 1 TexHMKa, we HeTHHY, y3ajamio ce Romymyjy w Mpoxumaly Y npacrusiom xpumunasucrasxom uctomanamy Hema Topeme Ha Ta- KINKY, TEXHHKY H MeTOMUKy, uITaBMIe y npakrHano} peanwsannju aonasn AO NpHMeHe H Mpyrnx Hayka, HNp. cyacKe Me_qNuMHe, KpHMHHONOrHje, KpuMurannctHKe ncuxonoruje, mupopMaTuxe, KpuBM4Hor mpasa ~ Mate- pujainor # npouecuor. Kpusiaso paso (marepujanio u mporecHo) oape- dyje kpumimaaneruim noxpyyje n upegmer pasa. Tpeymert je KpamMuHamu- Ter, a Moupyyje HeroBOr aHraxKoBaa OTKpABa‘e, pacneTRABAME H OGes- Gehusame aoKasa y omHOCY Ha KPHBHAHA Jena H HBBpUIMOMe paaH yoneur- anjer HoKperatba, Boheina HM OKOHYarba KPHBMIHOr MOcTynKa. Tlogeaa KpumMMnasiMcTuKe Ha TaKTUKy, MeTORMKy UM TexHMKy Mpescra- BUba OCHOBY 34 Hayuny OOpayxy KpMMHMHaMcTuKe, rye ce Ha Mperseqan W AOTHIKH yoRmaher pacrope KpUMHHATHCTHAKAa MaTepHja Mowe ResaTH 3a noapyyje H MeToge ApyrHx wayka, a 1a TO He peMeTH Ferny WemMHy, Ha je He pasOuja, Beh Hanporue ya je Hayyno pasBuja. Ova wHTerpamuja ca apy- THM Hay THM JucKAMAMHaMa je Of NoceOHOr 31avaja H OHA NONpHHOcH 2a ce KpHMIMaIMCTHKa HATEHIUBHO pasBija y ckaay ca APyrMM HayKaMa, o2- HOCHO HeMM MeTOyama.we a KPHMUHAJINCTUKA KAO HAYKA HM TIPAKTHYHA EJIATHOCT 18, Xeypuerika n cuaorncrHnca KpuMustannermca Ocnm nogene Kpuwmiamicraxe Ha taxtHKy, TexMHKy HW MeTORNKY y KpHMuHacTH4KO} Teopajy of sHavaja je uw nprwias ovo} HaynM ca craHo- BHLITA KPAMMHANHCTHAKOr MuMIDeHa. Y Bes ¢ THM, ¥ Teopujn je nosHara nogena Ha XeypucTHUKy w cHorneTH4Ky KpuMunanucTaKy (Walder, 1964). Y muitamy cy uckeyuuso nytesu 4 cpescrsa casnama xpumananncra- skux HThopMamija, Kao H HHXoB oNepaTHBAN 4 NpouecHH 3Ha4aj, pH ue- MY calpkaj M 3aqaTakK KpHMuHanHcTAKe ocrajy Henpomemenu. LIrapumic, oa noes ce y HOTHyHOCTH yKuana y nocTojehy cucremaruxy Kpumunia- SIMCTHKe Koja ce ONPOCH HA KPUMHHAMMoTHNKe pane H Mepe nperKpHBHy- HOF ¥ KpuBHyHOr TocTymKa. Xeypucrwaka KPHMMHANUCTHKA NpHAsH KPHBAGHOM meNy Kao HOjaBH uuja cy oGenexja nosjequaKo m npapua H CrBapna, a Koja Tpea Kpumuua- SMOTHYKHM MeTOzaMa jlame HcTpaxuBarn. Xeypucriaka KprMennamicrmca HO1a3M Of MpBux MH@opMauwja O Aeny, ONHOCHO yUHHMOUy dHjH MMA MAmHM HBO HeTHMMTOCTH HMA 3Hauaj OcHORA cyMie. Oso Hoapysje KpH- MHHAMACTHKe campaxH akTHBHOCTH UnjH je UL OTKpUBame KpMBHAHUX je aa HW YYMHHIaNa, a KOje ce cacToje 13 HU3a KOHKpeTHHX AemarHocTH, KAO urro Cy NpHKyruLaHe OGasemrema, craapasse npernocrasxy Koje cy y BesH Ca REIOM MH YYANMOUOM, KPHMMHANHCTHYKO TLHAKpalbe MW Tpeny3uMarbe MHOrOGpOjHHX Mepa H payMu koje uHHe cyuIrHHy KPHMHAaTHCTHEKe OOpa~ ne. [lizb nenokymue one akrapaocra jecre npujaznusawse Kpusmunor zea M CTRapatbe OCHOBA 3a MOKpeTame KpuBmuNOr NocTynIKA. Oso riogpyaje Kao ocHoBHe uucrpymenTe KOpacrH nojenHHa KpuMu- HAMUCTHSKO OnlepaTuBHa cpeacTBa, Mepe M palise, HANMUMje H cHrHane y3 MpumMeny mMioroGpojaux MeToda ApyIUTBeHHX, OAHOCHO MpHpOmHMX HM TeX- HMSKUX Hayka. Mako Huje cporo 3akoHoM yoxanpena, OBa aKTUBHOCT Mopa ce OmBujaTH NO HadeMMa yCTasHOCTH M 2aKOHMTOCTH. Xeypucrmaca kpummuanneruca, ¢ o63Mpom Ha ‘To Ha Hje orpannyena MpouecHom (opMom, uMa penaraBHo wMpoOK KpeaTHBHM Mpoctop u Moryh- HocT jwHamMaHor pasBoja y cauM npasuuMa. Hbew nue je, mpe csera, or- KPHBAHe KPHBHYHHX lesa 4 HerlOsHATHX yUNHYIava MeToRaMa, Mepama 1 pammama Koje yranpey HHcy orpayHucHe, OCHM OMMITHM ycraBHUM Mm 3a- KONCKHM npommcnma. Kpaamanucraxa cmrrerm3yje una cuctemarivan nasun cjenmyje 3HaHba M3 NOjCMHMX TPYNITRCHMX, NPWPOMHUX MW TeXHM4KMX HayKa HM TO noBesyje ca HCKYCTBCHUM KpUMMHAIMCTHYKUM UpaBuTaMa, crapajyhu Ta- KO TEMeXHY OCHOBY 3a pasjauNneme KPHBHUNe CTBApH y KpHBHYHOM ToC- rymey. Ha Taj nam ce jos y mpetxpusranom moctymky opwmpa KpHMa HamcTHuKa OcHoBa KpuBuMHOr nocTynKa, 1a OH ce KpUMMRaNMCTHTKA ye JaTHOCT HacTaBMsia y NOCTyTIKy, ANH cana MHOro BME orpaHiena u yeme- pela kpuswnonponectom dopmom.36 KPHMAHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA_ Tloxperatsem kpasussior noctym*a upectaje wedopmasiio, KpeaTHBio, HCIPakUBAYKO-KpUMMHATNCTHIKO TocTyname, Koje, yrTaBHoM, HAje orpa- HHYEHO MPOLeCHAM MpaBHsHMa, a HacTaje MpoLecHO NocTynawe y dAje ce oxsupe Mopajy YRNOTIMTA M KOHKpeTAM KpHMHNanHoTHAKH canpsKajn. Bes oGaupa Ha To ITO cy OBM -KPHMNANUCTHNKH camprxaji Koj ce yeraabyjy ca mpouecHHM (popMama OcKyHHjn OX fIperkpHBMaHOr KpHMMHAMCTHAKOr nocrynara, OHM cy BeOMa 3HaNajHH jep pesysTaTH TAX Nocrynama HMajy, no npasyary, 2oKa3MM 3Hauaj. Tako yemepeno u mpoiecuom dopmom opra- HHYeCHO KPMMHHasMCTH4KO MOCTyName Aaje HeONXOMaH calpoKaj KpuBwa- HOM HocTymKy "Hija je copxa parjautieere Kpupwyne cTBapa Ha 3aKoMNT Ha- Wun, Mp“ deMy camo MpouecHa dopma Hic Gu Guia JOROsbHa. Onako yeme- peHo H KpHBM4HOM TOcTyNKy Hoxpellero nospyyje KpmMmnamncruyKe je- HATHOCTA HOCH Ha3HB CHIOTHCTHUKA KpuMHHaNMcTHKA. Cunornerauxa kpamunanncruxa ce KpuBrmm jen0M Gapu Ha neuro ApYKYMjM HadMH y OHOCY Ha XeypHCTHIKy KpHMMHamMcTuKy. Ova KpHBH- NHOM JleLy MIpH1a3H Ka peansioj nojanu, ipH yey nyBY nay nocBebyje YRCHOM KPMBH4HO-11paBHOM HM KPHBHYHO-lIpouecHoM 3Hatajy. Canoractaa- Ka KpHMMHaNHCTHKa 10434 OF YMBCHMLC Wa je OApeheno mune ocrBapu0 ogpeheno KpvBH4HO jes0, pH YeMy ce alba akTHBHOCT cacTojH y Many pathy H peamH30naHy najnenmmcxomHujnx TpouccHHX 4 KpHMMMamICTHaKHX Mepa Mf pamien pam obe36ehusama yoxasa. Cunorneruuca KpuMunamcru- ka j@ THMe 3Hauajuo yemepena MU orpanueHa mpouecHuM mpaBwiyMa, y 4HJHM OKBHPHMa Ce H OLBHja Hea KPHMUMATHCTHYKa ZenaTHOCT. CusorucrasKa xpumunasicraxa nospasyMesa nloctojame, omHocHo npumeny nojexunax nponuca K3 a 3KII Koj ce oauoce Ha KpuBaduo se0, HSBPIUMONA H IberOBY KPUBHAHY ORrOBOPHOCT Osaj neo xpumuuanuctmKe je y ToTTYHOCTH AeTepMuMcaN HOpMama KPUBHYHO-Mponecnor mpaBa y KpHBHYHOM NOCTyNKy Kaya cy y uMTamy nojemuue kpumuuanuctuxe Mepe, pamee u ovmamhera oprana Koju mpa- Menyjy KpHMMHaseTHKy, Cusorucraka kpamimaiucraka Ha Taj Haw y KPUBMAHOM NocTynKy WHHH peanHy cHCTeMcKY aHasu3y KpHBH4HOr NOCTyNKa, Kao MW HayyHy wv npaxtnany o6pamy mpouecunx cagpaaja. Beoma ycxa nonezanoct u Mehyco6ua npoxkeroct cHOrMcTHAKe KpH- MMHANACTHKe HM MpowuecHe opMe 4HHH UX TelKO pa3yBOjuBuM. TbuxoBa mebycoOna yexsalenocr, 1a ¥ yeaoBsseHOcT, OAHOCHO 3anHCROCT On cBAKO pasqpajane wana Hehyneuonanim x apanuouani. FIpoyecua pop- Ma 6u Gusta aticrpakran oKaup Ge3 crsapHor KpHMMHanMeTHIKOr campwKaja, ok Ou KPHMMBATHCTHYKH Canpxaj caM 3a ceGe BaH OKBUpa KpuBHIHOT TO- crynka 60 HecBpcHcxogan. I]wsb KoMe HemOcpesHO Tex CHIOPHCTH4KAa KPHMHHATACTHKA Cy JH4- Hn W MaTepujanHy 1OKA3H: HCKAS OKPHBMEHOF Ht CRETOKA, MpemMeTH M Tpa- ron xoje je octasuo u3BpuMaan, ucupase KOje yKasyjy Ha KpuBMMRO ZeI0__KPHMHHAJIMCTMKA KAO HAYKA HM OPAKTHUHA AEJIATHO 37 (amp. darcuuxatH), mojeanue nazuunje nocpexHNor 1OKa3HOr 3HaYaja, Ha- sa3H M MMMUBeIe BeLNTaKa, ysnlaj. Cunorucraska Kpammnianuctaca, Kao KpuMunanncruKa uerpaxKHAx 1 ApyTHX NponecHHX pailieu, nairaxke Ma ce NoMeryTa HoKasia cpeycTBa Mory obex6ehuBatn ucKBYINBO y cKTARY ca onpeyGama KpuBMUHOr nocTyTKA Mebytum, u opge Ou Baxkuy ynory TpeGano xa uMajy KpHMananeTH4Ka MCKYCTBeHa MIpaBHla, MeTOAe MPApOAMHX HW TeXHMIKHX HayKa, eKctepu- MeHTamHe H CTATHCTMUKe aHamuse. CaorucTHuka KPHMMH@IIMCTHKA MIpeACTaBIba ENIOM 3aHEMAapeHO HOD pyaje y mpartauniom Mt HayaHoM eMitery, omHocHo Mo”pyyje HayaHe H Mpa KTHYHC KPUMHHAIMCTHKe KojeM ce 3a cana He Hpagaje amexnaraa naxcba. C acHeKkTa NOj¢MHMX KPHMMHAIMCTHYKUX icMHa TO Ce OFHOCH M Ha TOApy- uje Kpumunanuctitixe (benoMenozoriije, oanocno KpuMunanucrance TaK- THK H XpHMMHAMCTHYKE TEXHAKe Y KpHBHUHOM nocTymy. Baro je onpas- MavO Ja CHOPHCTHYKA KPHMMHAHCTHKA, Kao 3HauajHa KOMNOHEHTa KpH- BHYHOr TOcTynka, y3 Upolechy (popMy 3axteba Jaba M NpomyObeunja H TpakuBawa, ONAOCHO NoTHYHHJH emrupujcKn H TeopujcKa MpHCTyT OBOM Aeiy KpHMMHAIMCTHKe, a pagM ycnemHnjer cy3Oujama KkpumMnanureta 1 edukacnujer KpHenunor nocrym«a, Hapasio, To noxpa3yMeBa HM MHOTO uBpithy Bey XCypHCTH4Ke H CHJIOFHCTHYKe KPHMHHAIUCTHKe CampkajHo 1 ¢ acnekra oprania Koj je peanmayiy, ontocno ynanpeheme kpummnamuctn- ke ca emmpujckor u TeopujcKor acnexra. Cunorucrn4ka KpAMMnHamncruKa je, HampoTHB, JocTa cky4ena jeNaT- HOcT KpuBHuHOr Toctynka y KOMe Mpouectia bopma HepeTKO orpanmaaBa KPHMHHANHCTH4kH caapxaj H YUHK ra HoapeljeHuM mpouecHoj opmn u kayla TO HHje WeMMcxosHO. Y xKojoj Mepn uponecua dopMa AOMMHMpa Wax KpMMMEATNCTHIKHM caypxajem, osocHo y Kojo} MepH je KBARHTeY KpUMANAAMeTH4KOr cayp- vkaja Taxan aa My je daxrwsKn snavaj onpasgano ymamen, pemarusuo je TMTAme H 3aBMCH O CHyYaja No cnyyaja. Uurenuna je, MehyrHm, ma Hcy perky cuyyajenn ykuHyTAX, OAHOCHO peHHayeHUX CYsCKHX ONIYKa, HpO- HeCcHHX Temkoha MpHMKoM u3Bohema 4 BpemHOBaMHa MOKAa3a y NOcTynKy, o6ycrane nocryrika yenen HeyoctaTka JoOKasa H CTAHO. Huje uckseyteno 1a yMaibeHom BpegnoBarby cHioracruuKe KpuMMna- JIMCTHKe JOMPHHOCH AeTHMHIHO H rIopudaKauyja Mpouecue opme, omH0- cHO gomunannja oHux cyGjexara KojuMa ocHoBHa hyHkuMonarHocr Huje Kpumnanneraaka, Beh npazsa. Techa noBesaHOCT CHJIOrHCTHYKe KPHMHNaHCTHKe ca KPUBHYHM nipaBoM, MaTepHjamauM HM MponecHum, NoKasyje 7a patke KpuBHaHOr TmoC- tTynika (napoaHTo ucTpaxne) mpejcrassajy caHTesy — jeqHHCTBO KpHMMHa- Hucrnukor caupxaja HW Mpoyecue ope. Onaj omwoc dopme x cagpKaja je y3ajaman 1 on mpesctapma cyurrmy crakor KpHByuNor noctyriKa, ¢ OO3H- POM Ha To Aa j¢ 3HatTan 6poj MpouccHux pasa y CalpyKajHOM CMMCIY KpH-38 KPHMMHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA MuuanucraaKu. Oryqa H TeopujcKa NocTaBKa Ja je CHIOrHcTHaKka KpuMu- HAIMCTNKA NPOKCTEKIA HS KpHBHYNOT NocTynka, 360r vera je H crew Ha- 3HB KpyMMHamicrmka Kpusuanor noctynxa. Tue je, npaxrasno, 1 ompe= hena mera vouMpanocr Ha Kpunnant noctynax, umn TpenusAnje, wa nper- KpHBUUHM y OHOM Jey KojuM je o6yxsahieno Bpurere HeTpaxKHHX paninu. Uwe cwsorucrnyxe kpimunancruKe jecre 2a y cBojoj MHamMuHocTH HoKasny wudopMarmjy TparcopMumie y AoKa3, OFHOCHO Ta KPHMHHANTHC THUMM MeTOouaMa, MepaMa H paffbama Koje cy OKBUpHO oApehere mpanu- BUMa KpHBMYHOr HOCTYNKA JOMpHHece peulaBaby KPABMIHE CTBApH.2. OMHOC KPHMMHAJIMCTHKE CA JIPYTMM HAYKAMA Vonenmo crpeyasame w cy36njamne Kpumanamrrera saxtera mosta- Babe M Upyrux Hayka WH je Mpey Mer “sy 4aBare KpHBWUHOr Jera, oHOC- HO KpHMMHATeT y Len (KpHBHIHO MpaBo, KpumMMHOOrHja, KpHMH- HaHa NOTMTHKa, CYACKa MeqHIHA, CHXoNorHja 4 p.). CBe ope wayKe, Tpoy4aBajyhu KpHMMHaIHTeT Ca paziIM4MTMX acrieKaTa, MOMpHHOce mero- BOM HOTHYHHjeM yio3sHaBawy, a H4jn je ib, Taxofe, HeroBo cripeyanawe ut cy36njame. C TIM GwKeM KpAMUHanucTHKa, Kopuctehm concTBeHO McKycTBO MCKYCTBO JPYrMx HayKa, H3HaasH, IPHMerbyje HW ycappulaBa TojeqMHe HW Ha TIpakTH4HOM HcKyCTBY 3aCHORAHe MeTOMe H CpesCTBA, a CBE pat Tora Wa ce cnpeau nsapmeme KpuBianor jena, OmHOCHO ;ja ce KpuBHTHO seN0 OTKpuje Mi pacBerin, OTkpnje H yxBaTH HaBpLUMaL KPMBHYHOr sea aKo je y GeKc- TRY, Mponahy u o6e36ere mpeAMerH v TparoBH Kao AOKA3H pan yeneumiH- jer noxperatba u OKoHYara KpUBMUHOF HoctynKa. Mehy najsuauajuujum casvarbuma u aKTHBHoctuma jecy mosHaBarse TojaBHHX O6sHKa HW KapakTepucTHKa NOjeAWANX KPHBEHNX Wena, uspaqa H Aorpaytwa MeTogzovoMNcHx NocTynaka Tip WaHMpamy MU BpUemY MojeH- HEX PalbH, C LMJbeM OTKpHBatba KPHBUYMMX jena MH YUHHMIana M yorUITe Tipwlaroljapatha KPUMHHAIMCTHIKHX MeTOMa MpyruX HayKa, Kao H KPHMH- HANMCTHIKUX paeH PASMHIMTHM KPHBHYHM J[CHMMa M HHXOBHM crrerA- usr oGenexjuma. Hpema Tome, KpuMHHanucrHKa ce KPHBMYHHM eNom anu Ha weurTo ApyKuyja HauHH Hero Apyre KpunMune HayKe. KpuMnnasicTH4ko MOcTyTatbe NOYMibe H3IBPMIeHeM KPHBHFHOr je- wa, 1a KpHMMHaMCTHKa 360r Tora Mopa ja BOM padtyHa He CaMo O HOp- MaMa MaTepHjaiHor KpHBHYHOr DpaBa, KOjuMa je Aero NpaBHo AedunH- caHno, Hero HO MpolecnHM OKBHpHMa Koje Hamehe 3aKOH O KPMBHYHOM nocrynxy. Osu mponucuMa KpusHuxor mpasa, Marepujanuor 4 mpouec- HOF, KaO H HOZ3AKOHCKUM akTHMa, KPHMMHaTHCTHKa je 3HaTHHM Je10M orpanuyena, ojocHo yemepena, Mpema Tome, KpHMuHamcTHKa je He camo axnmaxa, seh 7H H MpasHa AUCKMTANA, Gap y OHOM zeTy Koji je eckMOHMpaH Y KPHBHUHOM MocTynKy Kao cMIOrHCTHYKa KpHMM- nammeTuKa. Ona ce Kad TakBa peasH3yje y OKBAPy MpaBHUX HOpMH KpH- BHYHOMpOLecHor TIpapa.40 KPMMUHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA Tlojeame of osx Hayka cy, 10 cBom npemMery Hi HMIBY, Marbe-BAMTC y Be3H Ca KpHMuHamucTHKOM. KpumunamctiKa je napouTo y yckoj Bes ca KPHBHIHUM MpasoM, Kako MaTepHjamiuM Tao H npoecmm. Oxaj omH0c usmehy Kpusu4uor Marepujanuor H mpouecHor npasa, H Apyrux cpomwnx HayKka W KPHMMHAMHCTHKe Morke Ce TOHCTOBETHTH Ca ONHOCOM caupaHHe, pope H MeToge. 2.1, Kpamnanneraca 1 kpupasio-Marepajaaso paso Kpusuio npaso oxpehyje oxsup (x0mex) kpammnamictuaKor nocty- Tawa y OMOCY Ha KONKpeTHy KpuBnuny crap. [puerta nopmMe KpHBHyHor mpana yeronsena je yraphunamest wrouanor crarba BesaHor 3a KOHKpe- ‘TaN KpuMMnamin joralaj. Yrephusame crsapuor wazeauauor crama mpy- MeHOM KOHKPeTHAX KPHMHNANHCTHUKHX MeTORA HpBH je KOpaK y peulawary ompehene Kpuawse crsapn. Crench Kopak je noxperame 1 emponoherme KPMBHUHOr WOCTyMKa y KoMe ce yrepljeHo UHEeHIHO Crame TOABOTM TOA, TipagHe HOpMe MarepyjaiHor M NpouecHOr KpHBHUHOr Hpawa, CBE AO AOHO- inewa cynCKe otnyKe. Kpusrrano-matepujatuo mparo, Koje oOjemmtara caspxany KpHBMs- HOF 3akoua u NayKe, daxrayxn oupehyje kpummnanncran upemMer para Ha cy36ujamy Kpummasrera, tj. oTKpHBare M pacpermaname KpuBWanHX aena. Koju ce noralaju, Hactamm JbyIckKMM 4HECHeEM HIM HeYMECIReM, cMatpajy KpHBHUHAM 2e10M Hf Kakpa je canKnja 3a ux Hpe_Buljena, npo- nucyje KpHawinn saxon. Kpamunanicruxa ce pykosozH HHCrpyMeHTuMa onmrrer esa KpaBuanor 3akora KOjM cy y Bes Ca cMeMCHTAMa KpHBHIHOr jena (suHOcT, caytecumurBo u ap.). Y noceS#om zeny KpuBMaHor mpaza AatH cy nojezunn OOnMuM KpUBHIHHX Zena wTo, TaKohe, uma onroBapajyhe Bese Ca KPHMMNATHCTHUKUM MOCTYTaIbeM, TOCeOHO Kaya cy y THHTaRKy crle- UMPWYNOCTH OTKPUBalba MOjeMHUX KPHBAIHAX Jlesta. Besa KpHMHNAMCTHKe H KpHBH4HOr TipaBa je 3Ha4ajHa HM 360r Tora LTO cy KpyamamacrHaKa uctpaxnsara (reopujcka H emmiupjcKa) roy3qan Te- MCzb 3aKOHCKHX H3MeHa, NoceGHO HOpMi 3aKoHa O KpMBIMHOM TlOcTYIKY. Vismehy ancrpawrnor nojma kpusutuor ze1a npeasuljenor y 3axony 1 KpHBMYHOM Mpasy 4 peannor Forahaja y *xHBoTy, Tpeba yerocTasuTH HorH- uHy yapouny Besy a Ou ce Ha Taj HauuM yrspmwi0 na aw TaKas norahaj ca- apxku 6uTHe eremeHTe mpeysulene arctpakrHom HopMoM. Peamu30Bame oBOr OMHOCA Hpeky3HMa ce Y OKBUPy KpuBM4Hor MocTyrka, rae ce yraphy- je: 2a sm onpeherm goraljaj uperzctasma KpuBMaHo Aeno, 7a mM je onpel}eHo AIMWe HporMB Kora ce BOAM KpHBM4HM MOCTyHaK HM CTrBapHN H3BpMNMZaL, creneH merose KpHBHYHE OATOBOpHOCTH 4 pyre NpasHe ynbenHe. Kpu- BYYHH MocTynak je mpaBHo perysucat KpHBH4HO rpoyecHHM MpaBom Mu 3a- KONMXOM 0 KPHBHYHOM TlOCTYIIKy, a KpUMHNATHCTHKA Aaje yRYTpaMwy ca- pay TOM o7HOcyKPHMMHAJIACTHKA KAO HAYKA HW TIPAKTHYHA JIEATHOCT 41 Kpusiito mpaso cagpik HHS mpomiica Kojuma ce mpeaBuhajy kpuBiy- Ha Jena, Kojuma ce sa6pamyje sdoynorpe6a KpHMMNaMHeTHYKO MpotecHUx panisH Mehy Kojima cy: IporHs3aKonuTO Mperpecawe, H3HyhuBame cKa3za, 3iocTaza 310yNOTpeGoM Hosoxaja, HeJO3BONeHO CAHMAHSe UM Mpucuyune- Barbe, MOBpeya TajHocTH NHcaMa H CLAYHO, 3nauaj MchycoOxor KpHMumamicraKor W KpABHYHO-nporecHor MOC ‘Tyllaiba 3a H3yaBate OSOr NpeAMeTa, 3axTeBajy REMIT AeTaHHje OOjaL- ierbe Tor ofHoca. 2.2. Kpumanasncrinka « xpueidio-upouecto npaBo Oxuoc Kpamananacraxe Kao nayKe 4 Hayke KpuBHYHO-npomecHor mpa- na Hajyemhe ce Tperupa kao OZHOC KpuMVHAHCTHKe Kao UPaKTHIHe Au WAMLIMHe Ca KPMBHYHMM NoctTynKoM. Oryia ce Taj OHOC MoOxKe TOCMaTpaTH ABOjaKO, Tj. KAO OAHOC Bwejy HayKa MW Kao OHOC UpMMeHne KpuRBMUBONpoLe- cne (popMe KpueaHameTHuKe mpakce. Teoprjcka pacnpasa 0 OBOM mpBoM ogHocy Hema Ayry Tpaauynjy jep H Moun KOHUMTIMpama KPUMUBaMCTH- Ke Ka Hayke Hactajy penarHBHo KacHo y patosyMa Xanca T’poca ¢ xpaja npoumior Bexa (Anexcnh 1 Munonanonnh, 1994, erp. 25). Jo nojaze ,,[pu- pydumka 3a ucrpaxue cyauje Kao cucrema Kpamuaamicruxe X, Tpoca, KPHMHHATHCTHYKO TocTynatke je BUI BpeAHOBANO Hero HacTojame ja KpaMnnasmicruka Oyze npuxpahena wayKa. Tana, MehyTHM, OWE Wa ce peaio CxXBaTa H CAOKEHOCT KPHBHYNe cTBapH, yipaBo Mog yrauajem pasBoja Moje {HHuX HayIHHX AMCIMIUIAHA KPHMHHOMOFHje, TICHXOMOFHje, NeMaroruje, IPHPOAHMX H TeEXHHUYKHX Hay- ka. Cxnata ce 2a nojenwna Kpamvnasna ucnosaparba Hcy jemHocraBHa 1 jeanosuayna, seh ya umajy paszunire acnexte u Muoro6pojue cneuubn- YHOCTH Kayla je ped O y3pOLliMa HW eHOMeHONOUIKUM KapakTepucruKama, 3a uuje ce orKppame caga Mory yenemmHo KopucTuTH H Apyre BaHnpaB- ne nayxe. Cuenehiu Kopak je O10 m cacBuM jormuan my cKmany ca apyul- TBeHHM Mporpecom. MuoroGpojxe Merojie OBMX HayKa NOUHHY a ce KoO- PHCTe ¢ UMGeM OGjammema KpHMuMHamiTeTa ca pasIM4MTHX actieKara, a 3ATUM pall OTKPHBAA H PacBeTIaBatLa KPUBMIHOF Mesa, ORHOCHO OT- KpuBawa Heno3HaTOr U3BpIUMOUA. CBe ORE HayaHe MeTOe NOjeAMANX Ha- ya, y CKAaMLY © HMM TOKOM pasBoja KpHBHUHOT HOCTyTIKa U3mBOjMIe cy ce y noceGuy HayuHy FMcHMIMAYy 4HjM Cy OW MW 3aqaTak MCTA Kao 4 Kpupuann noctytiax. To je Bpemenom jonpmeno za ce KpuMMBamacTHKa yrnaBnoM, BMUe, He cxBaTa Kao MOMOhHa HaysHa NHCHMETHHA y KpHBHY- HonponecHoM npapy, Bel Kao camoctasiHa Hayka, Koja yosaja, mpunaroha- Ba, ycaBpulaBa H TIpHMemyje MeTOae NpupomNMXx HM TeXHHUKWX HayKa 1 3ajeMHO Ca CONCTBeAMM HCKYCTBOM M MeTOJaMa KOPHCTH MX y pearH3a- uuju nperkpuBa4Hor 4 KpuBuanor HocTynKa. C Tor acueKTa, KPUMusHaITA-42 __KPHMVHAJIMCTHKA TAKTHKA CTHKa H KPHBHYMOMpoNecHO MpaBo aHe jeAMUCTBO y Thy a 3HaTHHM He0M Y NpakTHUHOM ucHomaBatby. OGjekr ucrpaxuama KpUMHAATACTHKe H KpHBA4HO UpoMecHOr npaza je Heperko HcTH, aM cy MeToze KojuMa ce npuctyna pasanaute. Kpupwmo HpouecHo NpaBo ce GaBH NpYMCHOM KpPHBHIHO NpolecKe dopme y KpuBHa- HOM HOCTYHKY, 1OK KPUMMHAICTHKa y CBOM [IpaBHOM OKBHpy HcTe 4HHLe- nute HoTpaxyje npyMeryjyhu Bannpanne MeTone Koje He cmejy aa MpoTH- Bpeue nponecniM. HMocroje mioro6pojua sajeqHnuKa mutara, oaHocHo oOjexrm uetpaxupama koje KpAMMMaMNCTHKa M KpuBHENOMpouecHO TpaBo HCTpaxyjy MeTosama cBojcTBeHHM OHM HayKama. CrmaHoc? ca Have@MMa KPHBHAHO MpolecHor HpaBa OAHOCH ce, Npe cwera, Ha Nagesa cHIOrHCTHUKe KpUMHUATUCTAKE Koja cy ¥ dyin KpU- BHNHOr HOCTYNKa. Kpamunanneuxa je camo neaimmdno sasncna o7 xpABHAHO Mpouec- HOF NpaBa OTMPHMKe y OHO} MCpH KOMMKO je KPHBUYHO NpaBO 3aBKCHO OF KpuMunatucraxe. Y cakom cnyuajy, npexmer Kpumuuanuctaxe je 6utHo APYKUMJH 1 WHpH Of MpeAMeTa KpUBHINO NpoUecuor mpawa, Mp Yemy cy MM Merowosioryje pasimanre. Bes Kpumunamecruxe Kpusuuno mponecto npago 61 6110 Heeduxacno u Gecriomohuo. Ono iro je y pacnpasama tostemusno jeore Kapaicrep KpuMunanHeTA- Ke kao Hayke. PenaTuBHo jyro je Blazano MUIbere Wa KPAMMNATHCTHKA nuje caMocrasna sucHUTENTHa Kao mTo je KPABUAHO Maso, npe cBera 360r ‘Tora WTO Ce 3aCHHBa Ha MeTOMaMa ApYTHX HayKa, MPUPOAAUX M TEXHMIKHX, Kpunmmamacraum ce Heperko najy emer, kao Ha mpyMep: nomohma stay- Ka, Hayka 0 peanHoM, camocrama wayKa u cunaHo. Mpuxpyxyjemo ce OHM CxgaTarbuMa pea KojuMa je KPUMUHAIHOTHKA CaMocTasNa HaysHa aNcuMMMEa. Be3 o63upa na cra Teoprijcka pasmarpama, xpummeamieruxa je neon XOMaH Heo CRAKOT KPHBMYHOT Mpoucca TOKOM YMTABOr HETOROr Tpajama, ona je Hy2kaH Mparustan caHx KPUBHUAO HpoUeCHAX opMuU HM KOMUOHEHATA, 6e3 KOje ce He MOxKe HONeTH HHjemHa KPHBMIHO Mporecna OTK. Kpumunamicraka ce nenpexnaso npesiarofjaza HOpMama KpHBHYHO mponecHor Mpapa, a McTOBpemeHO ce cTaiHO pasBHja Kao mITO ce pasBH- jajy 4 apyre wayke, mpu demy cTruue 4 concrsena ucxycrRa. Beza kpumu- HAMHCTHKE KaO NpakTH4He AeMATHOCTH Ca KPMBHYHAM TlOCTyNKOM je BCO- Ma ycka, y muTamy je omHoc npabne tbopme # meHOr mpakruunor cagp- aja, y KOMe KpHMHNANHCTHUKAa AeNaTHOCT MpeAcTaBba Campxaj 6e3 KO- jer 61 KpBwanonponecue cbopme Gase Hecspencxogne. pu Tome ce Kao cyGjextH KpuBHHOF HoCTyNKa W KpUMUHATHeTHUKOr TlocTyHaiba jaxsba- jy: opraum KpHBu4yHor npaBocyha u opranu yHyTpawtHx nocnosa. Hapa- BHO, ynora oprana yRYTpammux nocnoka y KpHBHYHOM HocTynKy HAje npouecna, OHM cy camo Moryhu HOcHOUM HeKHX NpouecHHx mpeTKpuBHY- HUX paaieH.2.3. Kpumunanucraka 1 nosmmejeco mpaBo Kpumunannerina je, Taxohe, y ycxoj near ca noxmujccum npasom, Tj OHAM eroBHM WesOM KOjM HOpMaruBno ypehyje onnamhersa nm AenaTHocr nosmuuje y oGnacrn cynporcrassama kpumunanmrery. Owe HOpMe canyHO HOpMaMa KpHBH4HO mpouecnor pasa netom he 6uTH peanHsopane TeK HpHMeHOM nojenHHMX onepaTuBno TaKTHuKHX pam Hw Mepa y3 npuMeny KPUMMHATNCTHNKX MeTOmA. 2.4, Kpmnamicraka a Kpammnonornja Y nopefey KpHMuHaJIMCTHKe H Apyrux HayKa WOeMMKa Ce Aocasl Haj- BHINe BOA Ha IMHHjA ONNOCA KPHMHMANMCTHKA — KpuMANonoruja. Kpann- nasIncTuka je Kao Hayka y pactipapama fojequuax TeoperHuapa AOOujasa, a We wanac HMa BeoMa pasmmunta 3Hasera. Tako je, Ha UpHMep, OTaL, KPAMHHa- smetuke Xane Tpoc (1817 — 1914) y rpehem usnawy ,.Tpapyamka 3a nc ‘Tpwxne cysje KAO CHCTeM KpAMuamcTuKe NojMoM KpuMUNaTHCTAKE oGyxBaTno cBe NpaBe ;uCHAMIMHE H HHxOBe ToMohne Hayke. Ha Taj Rayan [poc je u kpamunosornjy nompeazuo KpuMunanncrany, nro je Ayro HOMH- HHpaslo kao aycrpujcKo cxBarame onor onHoca. Beh y yersprom w3qamy ay- senor [ipnpysHaka kpuminasncraka # xpumnsosornja ce capcranajy y ucty paban. Mehytum, cxparare 0 Herlocpenioj Bean KpHMHHaNicTHMKe MH KPHMH- HONOPHje, OMHOCHO ToucToORehHBaMme HUXOROF campytaja sayprKaso Ce pesa- THBHO AYO, HoccOHo y gedbuHHUHjama nojMa KpiMananuctuxe. Ha npumep, upema F. Kleinschchmidtu kpumsnanucruxa je yuere 0 noceSaum nojapxuM OGIHIMMa, Y3POIHMa M IMIbeBUMa 3OUHHA, CpenCTBHMAa 3a FHxXOBO HCTpa- vxubare, cy36ujame m cnpeyasarse (Mergen, 1973, cmp. 439). Oso ucTHHame eHOMeHONOUIKHX HM eTHOOMIKMX KapakrepucTuxa kpuMunanarera y Mehycoun oftt0c Aatac ce MoxKe y3eTH Mpe Kao o3HAKA KpuMuaonoruje Hero Kpumumanuicraxe. Tpocoso yuere 0 omHOcy KpHMHHaNMCTHKe H KpUMMHONOTHje KacHAje mpuxpasa jean 6poj HaysuKa (ump., Secling, A. Mergen, R. Grass, S. Evis v1 ap.). Ha nonesanocr Kpummnanuctuke u Kpamnnonoraje yasyje A, Mer- gen uctwuyhu Mehysasucnocr osux nayxa. E, Banc y oxpupe kpumuuamc- Tue yruby4yje eTHouOrHjy U leHouorHjy Kao HeonxosHe paykH TeMesbHor M3ydaBamha KPHBMYHOT jlesra HW HSBpUIMOnA Hanac je npepasnljeno cxsarame (aycrpujcko) npema Kome je xpumu- HAIKCTHKA HATerpAAM Ao KPuMHHOsOrAje, MpH YeMy ce oBa Apyra TpeTH- pa kao cpeoOyxBarHa HaydHa AUCUMMIMHAa O KpAMMHamHMTety. TakBo cxBa- Tare UMa 036mbHe HeNOCTaTKe ynpaBo 3aTO uITO HUje Moryhe uM npHOsA- 2KHO pasayauTa MebycoSuy oneszanoct u pasnwauTocr mojeMMAMX KpUMH- HNHCTIMKAX MACTHTYTA Ca OHM KPHMMHONOUIKUM, LTO y 3HaTHO} MepHt KOMIIMKyje OMHOCE, Mpe caera, y OKBUpy KPUMHMOsOrHje.KPHMMHAJIMCTHKA TAKTUKA Kpumunameruka 1 xpivmuonorsja, Mehyrum, npunase Kpaminiars- very ca pasamuatux acrekata. Kpumunanucraxa u3 yria oTkpHBarba Kpri- BHYHUX [ea M YIMHMALA, a KPUMMHOMOrHja Ca WIMper CONMOSOMIKOr, Of- HOCHO ¢ AcHleKTa HeTpakuBatba y3poKa HM ycuOBa KPHMMHANNOY HenOsaBa- ma, kao H Tojapimx oma nojenMANx KpHBMAAHX zen. More ce pehit za je npesexmuja KpuMunanmrera sajequuuKa onpennHya o6e aNcuMmHHe. Mehyrum, mpesennuja, y Kpunmnosouom cmucry, OMHOCH ce yrsianHOM fa HeTPAKHRaRe Y3poKa W YortoRA HACTAHKA KPHMHHANHHX TIojana (eTHONO- Tuja), kao H nojasnnx oOsmHKa xpunamanrera (heHomenonoruja), 11a oC noBy THX esleMenaTa caumHasajy ce npeBenrsHM nporpamn. Kpumunanucrika ce, y mpesenTisnom cmuciy, mpe cnera Gann npeny- SHM@rbeM OflepaTHBHO-TaKxTH4KUX Mepa H payybH ajH je MMs cnperaame KOHKpeTuOr KPHBHYHOr Jesa HH NpeTHoctanfbeHe KPHMMHasIHe AexaTHOC- 1H (1mp., KPHMAHanHeTH4Ka KOMTposla y OfMOCY Ha BMTUECTpyKe tosparis- Ke). OcHOBHH Ws je Ja He HACTYTIM KpuMUBaNa MOcseRMMa, a TO HBHCKyje HENOCpeLHO KpUMAHAMUCTHYKO HOcTynate, PasmM4uToctH KpAMMHONOrHje W KpuMumanueruke Mory ce jacho puera npumuKoM ocTBapupama dpynk- uuje cripeuanama ui cy36ujama Kpumunanirera Hayuna casdama x0 Kojmx nona3n xpuMunaicrmKa, ogHocHO KpyMH- HonorHja MOTy Ce KOpHCTHTH KAO TeMesHa OCHOBA 3a UCTpAXKHBAHe Y Apy- THM Hayxama Koje HMcy KpuBuane, Hp. couvjama narostorsja, cyjcKa Me- AumHa n upyre. CasHarba 0 KOJMX OMa3H KPHMHHATMCTUKA, Kao H MeTORe KOjHMa ce KOpHCTH MOry GHTH Of BesIMKE KOPHCTH H 3a KPHMMHOROUIKA Ho ‘TpaxuBarba H OOPHYTO, KPHMMHONOIIKA Ca3Haiba MOTY BeOMa KOpHcHO nO- CH AUTH OTKpHBARY H pasjaumery KONKpeTHOr xpuBHUHOT esa. 2.5, KpuMMlaaucTika Hi Cyscka MeaMIHa Besa cyacke Mesuamue 1 KPHBHIHO-lIpaBHMX HayKa je BeoMa GamcKa, jep ce ucTpaxnnama MeannMnckKnx Mojaba Kojuma ce GaBn cyaeKa MeyHuH- Ha KOpHCTe y NpHMeHH MpasaHx nportuca. Yipaso npuMera npaBHux mpo- HNca KPHBHMHOr MpaBa, Marepujaior 4 npouecHor, Rpecrassa MocT W3- Mehy KpuMunamicruKe 1 cyscKe Meauuune, ¢ THM WTO je y MpakrHyoM noctynasy (amp. yBubaj, BemTaveie H cn.) YecTo MpHcyTHO MpoKAMARC i yeknaljeHo zenoBame oBe ABe aNCHMTIHe. Besa KpHMHHAaNMCTHKe H CyACKe MeqMMNNe je BeOMa AMpeKTHa H He- nocpemwa. Cyncka Memmuua Kao cnemijanmonana Tpata Memuumne y TIpakcn ce peasusyje Ha HOupyyjy KpBHUX 4 CexcyaIHMX RemMKaTa, 4nje oT- kpuname 1 pagjaimmasare saxrena npuMeny MaoTOSpojHMx Kpanumanic- THYKUX payhH u nocTynaka. Opge je pey o HeoNXo_HO] KOOpyuNaljn y pady KpHMMHasIMcTa M Crpyumaka CyuCKe MeguuMHe, pH demy oe oBe erpyanocTH Hay y NpaBly OTKpuBalba M pagjalbaBama YHHeHHIHOr CTa- wa. 360r Tora je HEOMXOZHO Aa KpHMMHasIMCTa NOceLyje OCHOBHa 3HaEbA C