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    EN 1998-5-2004

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    EN 1998-5-2004

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    17 views8 pages

    En 1998-5-2004

    Uploaded by

    S Dutta
    EN 1998-5-2004

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 8
    Wd introduc The preaueton of a European standard {or reinforcing steels began in 1988. ‘The key stumbling block to bringing what may be regarded as a ‘normal European standard to fruition remains the inabilty to agroe a common sot of steel grades end sssocieted bar ‘marking. This proolem stil exists, and the current European standard EN 10080, 's an ‘open’ standard, i.e. with ro steel grades. The process was: further interrupted by the requirement {or the standatds committee to account {or the requirements placed upon it by the Construction Products Regulation, ‘which required the standard to be ssvuctuted in such a way as to anable the aaplication of the CE Marking, including the associated certification Taig termed ‘harmonisation’ Running in parallel to this process was the creation of a Furopean Concrete design code, 8S EN 1982-11, Eurocode 2, Design of Concrete ‘Structures, which provides the base osign specification forthe European product standards. This has now been issued, suoerceding the Uk's National design code, 858110, Structural use of concrete ~ code of practice for design {and construction ‘One key aim was to ensure that @ package of European codes and ‘standards was issued at approximately the same time, thereby enabling & ‘smooth wansition to emerging codes and standards, bearing in mind their interdependence. Despite the delay in issuing a ‘harmonised’ European ‘Standard for reinforcing stools, BS4449, BS4489 and 858669 were ro'ssued in 2006, corrolating with the draft of BS EN10080 at that time, Whist this suite fof documents is being used ‘successfully, it must be stressed that the operation of sound management ‘systems throughout the conerete ‘supply chain will ensure that ‘old! and ‘new’ standards and codes wil be able to be run successfull in parallel for a prod of ta ‘Ths part of the CARES Guide describes the key differences between the ‘old’ {and ‘new’ systems, showing how they Standards, Codes and Regulations BS8110/EC2 flow chart BS 8110; 2005, Eurocode 2 + UK National Annex: Figure 1 ‘can be used curing any continuing co- ‘existence period It also describes the key area of CE marking and the strategy ‘to be employed by CARES and its approved firms to ensure that ‘construction cients and designers, receive the approoriate reinforcing sto for thoi particular projects. El Design 2.1 Gener Eurocode 2 was introduced inte the UK in 2010 and its use, as considered appropriate, wll dramaticaly a'fect the ‘way concrete structures are designed. “This will nclude the use of steel reinforcement. 258110 was withdrawn by BSIin 2010 meaning that, whist it may be used fara period of time, it wl ret be supzorted by the relevant BS! Reinforcement Concrete ‘Workmanship/Execution of structures ‘committee as 2 standard, The same ‘applies to BS5400 and BS8007 and any associated standards that wore ‘withdrawn. The workmanship requirements of BS8110 are now ineludes in another standard, BS EN 13670, Execution of Conerete Structures, In the UK, concrete is covered by 'BS8500.Conorote ~ complimentary Bsn Standbrd to BS EN 2061. ‘The various Eurocodes, 2s wel asthe product and execution standard, have been produced by CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation), which publishes these as ful European Standards, Under CE rules, ali National ‘cones thet conflict witn the Eurocodes must be withdrawn, During the period within which BS 8110 and EC2 co-exist it's important to create 1 sila path for the use of each, with ‘heir respective supporting standards. [Amendments to the reinforcing steel standards, BS aaa, 254483 ana BS8646, has ensured that current practice, albeit wth the use of reinforcing steel with cfferent properties, can continue. Success{ul use ‘of EC2 wil therefore be possible, as the Brtsh standards for both reinforcing steel and canerete wil now support the Use of EC2 in the UK. Figure 1. shows. how ths is achieved. 2.2 Eurocode 2 Eurozode 2 has the following parts BS EN 1992: Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures BS EN 1992-1-1: Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buldings (C2 Part 1-1) BS EN 1992-1-2: Part 1.2: General rules - Structural fre design (Ec2 Part 1-2) BS EN 1992.2: Part 2: Reinforced and prestressed concrete bridges (EC2 Part 2} BS EN 1992-3: Part 3: Liquid retaining and containing structures (EC2 Part 3) 2.2.1 Structure of EC2 Al Eurocodes follow @ commen editorial style. The codes contain Prineiples and ‘Application Rules. Princvies are identified by the letter P folowing the paragraph number, and are general statements and defintons for which ‘there is no alternative, as wall as raquirersents and analytical models for ‘which no atternatve is permitted uniess specifically stated. Application rules are ‘generally recognised cules whieh ‘comply with the Princinies and satisfy ‘heir requirements. Alternative Rule may be used provided that comaliance ‘withthe Principles can be Sermonstratec, however the resuli ‘design cannot be claimed to be wholly In accordance with the Eurocods, although it will remain in accordance ‘itn the Principe. Each Eurocode gives values, with notes indicating where rational choice may Properties of reinforcement Tele have to be made. These national choices ate recorded in the National ‘Annex for each Member State, ana are feferred to as Nationally Determined Parameters (NDPs}. Each Euracode may have a number of Annexes which can be Normative or Informetve. The Normative Annoxos must be consilares 10 be part of the code for which there is no alternative, Because the European product standard, EN 10080, does not provide ary mechanical properties for the reinforcement, EC2 Part 1-1 contains a Normative Annex C, Properties of reinforcement suitable for uso with this Eurocods {soe Table 1 2.2.2 Key changes ‘The principle chenges that Eurocode 2 brings to the UK des gner are + Itpermits a range of yield svengths from 400 to 600 MP, sithough this, ge is not villsed in the UK. The UK now uses reinforcing steel with a yield strength of 500 MPa, wrich is retected inthe changes in 2008 to 2S 4449, The paral safety factor for twinforcement in EC? 's set at present in the UK National Annex to 1.15, although th is curently under review. A Turther class of steel, Class C, has ‘been included in BS4A48, This has 2 higher level of cuctlty (charactersstic strain at maximum force, Bu, 4s compared to the A and B grades of steel, although the same yield strength of 500 MPa applies, The design values for stoe! strengths wil be similar to those used with the bilinear relationship of BS 8110, However, EC?2 alows for an increase inthe design strength as shown in the ‘Upper branch in Figure 2. And this is Sometimes used in speccaist design {A distinction is made between hot rolled anc cold workea steel as shown In Figure 8, The Tabuleted data method of EC2, Part 1-2, “Ger rules ~ Structural Fire Design”, requires the hogging tension reinforcement over intermediated Supports in continuous sold siabs to be 20.0084, for cold worked steel (Ih practice, the distinction can rarely be (uaranteed on ste and itis therefore sual fo assume a worse case) Iv Clase A reinforcement is used then restrictions are placed on the rovistrbution of moments permitted {for continuous beams and slabs. The se of Class A reinforcement is not recommended for plastic anaysis. ‘Tne maximum actual yield stress, ymax: ould not exceed 1.3 fy This ‘equates to 6S0MVPa for a Grade 500 reinforcing steel, and ths mit is now Included as a requirement in 834449 + Tho uso of plain mild stao! is not included! The CARES Guide to Reinforcing Steels er 2.2.3 Guidance for use . . of EC2 Idealised and design stress-strain [Arsumber of handbooks and worked diagrams for reinforcing steel examples have been publshod to (for tension and compression) Assist wh the invoduction of £02 ‘These neue ‘+ Manual forthe design of reinforced onerete building structures to Eurocode 2 IStructé anc ICE, + Standard method of detaling structural concrete -A manual for best practice -IStructE and the Concrete Society + Precast Design Manual ~ British Precast. + Concise Eurocade 2 - The Concrete Contr + Worked Examples ~ The Concrete Conve, fal, + How to Design lefletsicompencium ~The Concrete Cente Qlceatised — @ Design ke (K/h + Dosignors Handbook o Eurosode 2 by RS Navysnan and AW Beeby- gy Thomas Telford. 2 Stress-strain diagrams of typical reinforcing steel (absolute values are shown for tensile stress and strain) a = aaa . a) Hot rolled steel b) Cold worked ster Figure Eli Product Standards 3.1 EN 10080 BS EN 10080, "Steel for the reinforcament of conerete- Weldable reinforcing steol- General”, was published in 2008, Under the rulos of CCEN, the British Standards for reinforcing steel wore to be other ‘withdrawn or amended. As BS EN 110080 dhd not include any steel grades ‘ora method of ready differentiating between grades, BS4449 was retained. This was amended not to ‘conflict with BS EN 10080, and ‘olowed its structure, albeit that it included strength and ductity levels ‘35 wall as arb pattern for each sductity grade. In folowing the structure of 8S EN10080, £4449 and its related standatd (or reinforcing stee! fabric, BS4482, have been designed to link ‘with the requirements of Eurocode 2 {EC2}, a8 described in is Annex C Whilst not describing ovels of performance, 35 EN 10080 is useful in rowing the followng: + A.common set of performance characteristics which must be ‘assessed by {he manulacturer of the reinforcing stae! bars/ols. ‘A common set of test methods for ‘these product characteristics, A system of manufacturer's ‘evaivation for tse characteristics A system of attesting conformity, ‘which in tre case af reinforcing ‘190 involvas the intervention of an independent cerifiation aody, Apart from chemical composition, rib ‘dimensions, dimensional tolerances, ‘and weld shear {woided fabrics), BS EN 10080 does not define the values ‘associated with those product ‘characteristics normaly used by Sesigners: Yield strength Elongation Bendabilty Stress ratio (Tensile strength to yield strength ratio) Fatigue In BS EN10080, and therefore in BSa4ae, weldabiity is determined by chemical composition, as is durability. Bond strengths determined by aitner nib geometry, ‘rif the nb dimensions ara not met, by means of @ ond te ‘As stated above, BS EN10080 ‘does not have al of the detail required ta fully define a ‘specification and cannot theretore be used as a stand-alone document. It must be used in ‘conjunation with enother technical ‘specification such as a National Standard or manufacturer's Specification, which wil lnk to EN10020, and will specity the values of the performance charactorstes, which wil define a ‘grade of stee! The complementary techrical specification may specity any performance level for those charactoristes, a8 sopropria 3.2 British Standards ‘The British standards for reinforcing steel ar: + 854449 BoriCol + 854482 — Wire + BS4dea — Fabri + 858666 Scheduling ‘The key changes made inthe 2005 issue of 284449 wore as follows: 3.2.1 BS 4449:2005 “Carbon steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete” + Strength. The yield strength (Ret specified in BS 4448:2005 is 600 MPa, As before, this is a characteristic value, based on the long torm statistial distribution of results. The standard also specifies ‘absolute minimum values for ingividual test results, as well as @ ‘maximum value fr yield strength of 650 MPa, + The mechanical properties, including Yield strength, are now measured Using the nominal rather than the ‘actual cross sectional area, + Dusty tryst is now dined ‘by the elongation at maximum load, Age tniform elongation, and nt by eSngotion to fracture. Ay wos Speedin te 1997 rein, but tas forinformtion ony ana was not 1 cause for norreemplance + Anew high sutiity lass “Grade C has been introduced, This has both ‘maxima and minima appli *o veld strength and also higher levels of Lunform elongation and stress rato than the requirements in 54449-1997, Grade 4608, + Rebend test. The bending former iameter for sizes equal to of below ‘16mm has been reduced from 5d ‘0 4d {where a is tne bar diameter) Tolerance on mass per metre (%) “Table The CARES Guide to Reinforcing Steels ‘The angles of bending have also ‘hanged, so thatthe test in 24449:2006 is slghtiy more severe than in the 1997 revision + Sizes and tolerances. The preferred sizes remsin unchanged. The size tolerances on small szes ar slighty amended as in Table 2 + Rio area is now defined a8 relative rio ‘area, a8 opposed to projected rb area in the 1997 revision. (Projected rio are is converted to relative ria area by dlviaing by 0, where dis bar siameter} The result of this change is ‘that on sizes up to 12mm, the rib area requirements are reduced, whereas on ses above 12mm, the requirements re more savers. The propossd relative rib area requirements are given in ‘Table 3, and can be compared wh an equivalent value of 0.048 across the onto size range in tho 1897 revision + Plain round Grade 250 steel has been removed. Plain round steels not recognised by EC?. For those who requite to use it, PDS687-1:2010 gives, tguidance. Alternatively, there are steel specications available fo” plain round which are given in 08, + Decolled material has been introduced into the standard. This is recognised as a aiscrete product in 8S EN 10080. It relates to reinforcing steel bar produced in coil frm. As steel in col form cannot be directly used, t must be ‘de-coiled’. It may then be sold on in Straight lengths as complying with 2S EN 10080 {884448:2005). if so, itis ‘then covered by the standard + Anew bond test based on the RILEM beam test nas been intraduced as an option. Ths replaces the pullout test which was present inthe 1887 revision ff the standard, +The transverse rib pattern will continue 10 define the ductility level ofthe steel For Grade A and 8, this will not change For Grade C, ie. the higher ductity grade, another nb patterns Used {so0 Fig 4l. The manufacturer's identification 's contained inthe code of marks placed between nbs, as currently employed in the CARES. seneme, the format of which is essentially unchanged, Relative rib area requirements of BS 4449:2005 ‘Size (mm) BS 4449:2005, 56 0.035 >6si2 0.040 a2 0.086 Tables Rib pattern of Grades BS500A, B500B and B500C Figure Tables Stondard 8s aaa9:1997 8s a2a9:1997 88 4229-2005 88 4229:2005 85 4229:2005 Grade 460A, 4608 5008 85008 Bs00c 9,02 for ses < Brn The mechanical properties of the three Comparison of properties RMP) Ry Ag (Me) Aged 480 1.98 2 28 480 108 450 500 1198" Ne 28" 500 108 Ne 50 500 21185120 Ne 75 10% forszes

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