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WEBSITE Job No: xxx-xxxx Sheet No: 01
Page Type: CALCULATION SHEET Prepared By: EA Date: 1/6/2024
Section: WIND LOADS Checked By: EA Revision: 00

CALCULATION OF WIND LOAD FOR SOLID FREESTANDING WALLS & SIGNS ASCE/SEI 7-16 REF.
B
For s/h < 1.0 For s/h = 1.0

s/2
Freestanding Wall F
s s
Or Sign
s/2
h h 0.05h
s/2 F
h s
s/2
Ground Surface Ground Surface

Elevation View Cross-section View

FA

Wind
Plan View – Case (A)

OR
0.2B 0.2B

Wind FB Plan View – Case (B) FB Wind

Range Range

s s s Balance Balance s s s

OR

Wind Wind
FC3 FC4 FC4 FC3
FC2 FC2
FC1 Plan View – Case (C) FC1

Dimensions of Solid Freestanding Walls or Solid Freestanding Signs

Horizontal Dimension of Freestanding Wall or Sign, B = 20.00 m
Mean Top Height of Freestanding Wall or Sign, h= 5.00 m
Vertical Dimension of Freestanding Wall or Sign, s= 4.00 m
Clearance Ratio, s/h = s / h = 0.80
Aspect Ratio, B/s = B / s = 5.00

Wind load Parameters

Basic wind speed, V = 45.0 m/s
Wind Directionality Factor, Kd = 0.85 ASCE/SEI 7-16 Table 26.6-1
Exposure Category C ASCE/SEI 7-16 Cl. 26.7.2
Gust-Effect Factor, G = 0.85 ASCE/SEI 7-16 Cl. 26.11.1
Topographic Factor, Kzt = 1.00 ASCE/SEI 7-16 Cl. 26.8.2

Velocity Pressure
Alpha Constant, a = 9.5 ASCE/SEI 7-16 Table 26.11-1
Altitude (Ground Elevation) Above Sea Level, zg = 274 m ASCE/SEI 7-16 Table 26.11-1
The Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient, Kz = 0.87 ASCE/SEI 7-16 Table 26.10-1
The Ground Elevation Factor, Ke = 1.00 ASCE/SEI 7-16 Table 26.9-1
Velocity Pressure, qh = 0.613 * Kz * Kzt * Kd * Ke * V2 /1000 = 0.91 kN/m2 ASCE/SEI 7-16 Eq. (26.10-1.si)
The gross area of the solid freestanding wall or sign, As = B * s = 80 m2
Ratio of Solid Area to Gross Area, e = 1.00
Reduction Factor for Openings, RF = 1 - (1 - e)1.5 = 1.00 ASCE/SEI 7-16 Fig. 29.3-1

Wind Forces - Case A

Force Coefficient, CfA = 1.45 ASCE/SEI 7-16 Fig. 29.3-1
Design Wind Pressure = MAX (0.77 ; qh * G* CfA * RF) = 1.12 kN/m2
Design Wind Force, FA = qh * G * CfA * As * RF = 90.0 kN ASCE/SEI 7-16 Eq. (29.3-1.si)

Wind Forces - Case B

Force Coefficient, CfB = 1.45 ASCE/SEI 7-16 Fig. 29.3-1
Design Wind Pressure = MAX (0.77 ; qh * G * CfB * RF) = 1.12 kN/m2
Design Wind Force, FB = qh * G * CfB * As * RF = 90.0 kN ASCE/SEI 7-16 Eq. (29.3-1.si)

Wind Forces - Case C

Region-1 from (0 to s or Less)
Force Coefficient for Region-1, CfC1 = 3.10 ASCE/SEI 7-16 Fig. 29.3-1
Effective Area for Region-1, AsC1 = IF (B/s > 1 ; s*s ; B*s) = 16 m2
Design Wind Force for Region-1 (According to ASCE/SEI 7-16 Cl. 29.3.1)
FC1 = RF * MAX (0.77 ; qh * G * CfC1 * IF(s/h > 0.8 ; (1.8 - s/h) ; 1)) * AsC1 = 38.5 kN ASCE/SEI 7-16 Eq. (29.3-1.si)
Region-2 from (s to 2s) Validation: IF(B/s>1;"Valid";"Invalid") = Valid!
Force Coefficient for Region-2, CfC2 = 2.00 ASCE/SEI 7-16 Fig. 29.3-1
Effective Area for Region-2, AsC2 = IF (B/s > 2 ; s*s; IF(B/s < 1;0 ; (B - s)*s) = 16 m2
Design Wind Force for Region-2 (According to ASCE/SEI 7-16 Cl. 29.3.1)
FC2 = RF * MAX (0.77 ; qh * G * CfC2 * IF(s/h > 0.8 ; (1.8 - s/h) ; 1)) * AsC2 = 24.8 kN ASCE/SEI 7-16 Eq. (29.3-1.si)
Region-3 from (2s to 3s) Validation: IF(B/s>2;"Valid";"Invalid") = Valid!
Force Coefficient for Region-3, CfC3 = 1.45 ASCE/SEI 7-16 Fig. 29.3-1
Effective Area for Region-3, AsC3 = IF(B/s > 3 ; s*s ; IF(B/s < 2;0 ; (B - 2*s)*s) = 16 m2
Design Wind Force for Region-3 (According to ASCE/SEI 7-16 Cl. 29.3.1)
FC3 = RF * MAX (0.77 ; qh * G * CfC3 * IF(s/h > 0.8 ; (1.8-s/h) ; 1)) * AsC3 = 18.0 kN ASCE/SEI 7-16 Eq. (29.3-1.si)
Region-4 from (3s to B) Validation: IF(B/s>3;"Valid";"Invalid") = Valid!
Force Coefficient for Region-4, CfC4 = 1.05 ASCE/SEI 7-16 Fig. 29.3-1
Effective Area for Region-4, AsC4 = IF(B/s > 3 ; (B - 3*s)*s ; 0)= 32 m2
Design Wind Force for Region-4 (According to ASCE/SEI 7-16 Cl. 29.3.1)
FC4 = RF * MAX (0.77 ; qh * G * CfC4 * IF(s/h > 0.8 ; (1.8 - s/h) ; 1)) * AsC4 = 26.1 kN ASCE/SEI 7-16 Eq. (29.3-1.si)
Calculation of Wind Load for Solid Freestanding Walls & Signs ASCE/SEI 7-16

This spreadsheet is prepared and developed by Ehab Attalla, BSc (Hons.) Civil, CEng

Copyright © 2020-2023 Ehab Attalla. All rights reserved.

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E
RESULTS FOR THEMSELVES. x
p
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Revision History:
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0 2020/10/02 Calculation of Wind Load for Solid Freestanding Walls & Signs ASCE/SEI 7-16 v1.0 r
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