Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

SIG Pertambangan
(Overview of GIS )

Oleh :
Irvani

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

SKS, Penilaian & Kehadiran :

Banyaknya SKS = 2 SKS (Teori)

Penilaian :
- Absensi 10%
- Tugas 20%
- Teori (UTS & UAS) 70%

Kehadiran minimal 75% dari 14x perkualiahan

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 Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Referensi :
Bonham-Carter, G.F. (1994) Geographic Information System for Geoscientists: Modelling
with GIS. Delta Printing , Ontario, 398 p.
Harris, J.R. (ed) (2006) GIS For The Earth Sciences. GAC Special Paper 44, Geological
Association of Canada, 616 p.
de By, R.A. (ed) (2000) Principles of Geographic Information Systems. ITC educational
Texbook Series
Mitchel, A. (1999) The ESRI guide to GIS Analysis. Volume 1: Geographic patterns &
Relationships, ESRI Press, 186 pp.
Kennedy, H. (ed) (2001) Dictionary of GIS terminology. ESRI Press, Redlands, 116 p.
Longley, P.A., Goodchild, M.F., Maguire, D.J. and Rhind, D.W. (2001) Geographic
Information Systems and Science. John Wiley & Sons, 454 pp.
Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F., and Rhind, D. W. (eds) (1991) Geographical information
systems: principles and applications, Longman.
Setijadji, L.D. (2003) GIS for Subsurface Modeling. On-line paper at
http://www.esri.com/industries/mining
Setijadji, L.D. (2003) Picturing the Subsurface With GIS: Data Visualization Techniques
for Geophysical Images Using ArcGIS. On-line paper at
http://www.esri.com/industries/mining.
Zeiler, M. (1999) Modeling Our World: the ESRI Guide to Geodatabase Design. ESRI Press,
Redlands, 198 p.
ESRI Homepage ( http://esri.com/index.html ) : understanding GIS, industry applications,
user conference, virtual campus, ESRI Press books

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Materi/Pokok Bahasan
I Pendahuluan (P.1) VI Theory of Spatial Analysis (P.9-
11)
a. Metode AHP
II Overview of GIS (P.2) b. Principle Steps
in GIS Spatial
III Coordinate System and Map c. GIS Processing
Projection (P.3-4)
VII Introduction to ArcGIS or
MapInfo (P.12) (Option)
IV GIS for Geoscience (P.5-6)
VIII Case Studies/Latihan (P.13-14)
V GIS Database (P.7-8)

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GIS Phenomena in Many Industries

The relatively recent technology, rapid rate of
development, commercial orientation, and diversity of
applications make no clear, unambiguous definition of GIS
The term of GIS can be applied to computer technology,
integrated systems for use in substantive applications,
and as a new discipline
Different point of views on the central point: hardware-
software (systems) vs. information processing (science)
GIS is also seen as a special case of information systems
in general; information is derived from the interpretation of
data
Information is now a valuable asset and commodity with a
high price (g-commerce) Setijadji-slide

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Major areas of GIS applications

Local Government
Public works/infrastructure management (roads, water, sewer)
Planning and environmental management
Property records and appraisal
Real Estate and Marketing
Retail site selection, site evaluation
Public safety and defense
Crime analysis, fire prevention, emergency management,
military/defense
Natural resource exploration/extraction
Petroleum, minerals, quarrying
Transportation
Airline route planning, transportation planning/modeling
Public health and epidemiology
The Geospatial Industry
Data development, application development, programming
Setijadji-slide

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 Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

How GIS differs from Related Systems

DBMS--typical MIS data base contains implicit but not explicit locational
information
city, county, zip code, etc. but no geographical coordinates
automated mapping (AM) --primarily two-dimensional display devices
thematic mapping (choropleth, etc such as SAS/GRAPH, DIDS, business
mapping software) unable to relate different geographical layers (e.g zip codes
and counties)
automated cartography--graphical design oriented; limited database ability
facility management (FM) systems--
lack spatial analysis tools
CAD/CAM (computer aided design/drafting)--primarily 3-D graphic creation
(engineering design) & display systems
dont reference via geographic location
CAD sees the world as a 3-D cube, GIS as a 3-D sphere
limited (if any) database ability (especially for non-spatial data)
scientific visualization systems--sophisticated multi-dimensional
graphics, but:
lack database support
lack two-dimensional spatial analysis tools
Setijadji-slide http://www.utdallas.edu/~briggs

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

GIS Applications
There are many applications of GIS, according to criteria defined
On the basis of data involved, GIS is used for either man-made or
natural phenomena (de By et al., 2001)
GIS can also a project-based or institutional one (de By et al., 2001)
On the basis of the tasks performed, two types of GIS information
system are present, i.e. transaction processing systems and
decision support systems (Maguire et al., 1991). Transaction
processing systems focus on recording and manipulating the
occurrence of operation (e.g. banking and airline reservation
systems). Decision support systems emphasize on manipulation,
analysis and modeling for supporting decision makers (e.g.
politicians, government officials)
For our interests, here following types of GIS applications are
especially discussed:
Mapping, data exchange
Monitoring, Modeling
Setijadji-slide

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 Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Three Views of GIS

Map, database and spatial analysis views
The map view focuses on cartographic aspects of
GIS
Database view emphasizes the importance of a
well-designed and implemented database
Spatial analysis view emphasizes on the
importance of analysis and modelling in which GIS
is seen more as science than technology.
Definition of spatial analysis: studying the
locations and shapes of geographic features and
the relationships between them (Kennedy, 2001)
Setijadji-slide

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Three Important Steps of GIS

Data preparation and entry

Data analysis

Data presentation

Setijadji-slide

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 Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Spatial Data and Geoinformation

Data: representations that can be operated by a
computer
Spatial data: data that contain positional values
Geospatial data: spatial data that are georeferenced
Information: data that have been interpreted by
human being
Geoinformation: specific type of information that
involves the interpretation of geospatial data

Setijadji-slide

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Real world and its representations

A representation of some parts of real world can be
considered a model of that part.
Models can come in many forms and in GIS the
most common model is a map. Map is a graphic
representation of real world at a certain level of
detail.
Another model in GIS is database. Database is a
repository capable of storing large amount of data.
Spatial database is a specific type of database that
stores representations of geographic phenomena in
the real world to be used in a GIS
Setijadji-slide

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 Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

The Real Power of GIS

Its ability to organize and integrate multi datasets

together by geography (integrator)

Spatial analysis as a key functional power

Setijadji-slide

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Software for GIS: The Main Players

ESRI, Inc., Redlands, CA
clear market leader with about a third of the market
originated commercial GIS with their ArcInfo product in 1981
The main two
privately owned by Jack Dangermond, a legend in the field
pure GIS
strong in gov., education, utilities and business logistics companies.
MapInfo, Troy N.Y.
aggressive newcomer in early 1990s, but now well-established.
strong presence in business, especially site selection & marketing, and telecom
Intergraph (Huntsville, AL)
origins in proprietary CAD hardware/software
older UNIX-based MGE (Modular GIS Environment) evolved from CAD
current GeoMedia was the first true MS Windows-based GIS
strong in design, public works, and FM (facilities management), but weakening
Bentley Systems (Exton, PA)
MicroStation GeoGraphics, originally developed with Intergraph, is now their exclusive and main
product..
strong in engineering; advertises itself as geoengineering
Autodesk (San Rafael, CA)
began as PC-based CAD, but now the dominant CAD supplier
first GIS product AutoCAD Map introduced in 1996
primarily small business/small city customer base
Setijadji-slide http://www.utdallas.edu/~briggs

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 Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Software for GIS: other players

Vector GIS Raster GIS
ERDAS/Imagine
Smallworld Systems long established leader
(Englewood, CO) acquired by Leica Geosystems in 2001
first to use OO (early 90s), but ER MAPPER
failed to compete as established aggressive newcomer originating in Australia
vendors did same
Purchased by GE in 2000
Envi,
relative newcomer, radar specialization
emphasis on FM & utilities
acquired by Kodak in 2000
Manifold PCI--Geomatica
(CDA International Corp): long-term Canadian player
low cost, but low market share CARIS
Maptitude newer Canadian entry

(Caliper Corp, Newton, GRASS (Rutgers Univ.)

Classic old-timer originally developed by US
MA): Army Construction Engineering Research
another low cost one Lab(CERL) in Champaign, IL;
army ended dev. & support in 1996 but assumed
by Baylor University.
IDRSI (Clark Univ)
http://www.utdallas.edu/~briggs pioneering, university-developed package
Setijadji-slide

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

GIS Software Vendors

Smallworld Other AutoDesk
Open Source 3%
7% 12%
4% Bentley
Munsys 6%Cadcorp
3% 1%

MapInfo
27% ESRI
30%
Latitude GenaMap
Intergraph Infomaster 0%
2%
4% 1%

GIS Products all Industries

(Douglas, 2011) Setijadji-slide

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 Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Introducing ArcGIS
ArcGIS is a revolutionary product, after 30 years of ArcInfo
development using proprietary technology Arc Macro
Language (AML) and later on ArcView using Avenue, ESRI
completely re-invented its GIS into an open component-
objects modeling (COM) using Microsoft technology.

The ESRI ArcGIS is an integrated geographic information

system (GIS) consisting of three key parts:
1.ArcGIS Desktop software : suite of advance GIS
applications
2.ArcSDE, an interface for managing geodatabase in a
RDBMS
3.ArcIMS : Internet-based GIS for distributing data and
services Setijadji-slide

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Revolution of Desktop GIS since

2000s (ArcGISs perspective)
Previous systems ArcGIS 8.x to 10.x

ArcInfo 7.x ArcInfo 9.x

- Coverage data model - COM architecture

- AML Language - VBA Language
- Versions 1-7 from 1980 1999 - Same applications: ArcEditor 9.x
ArcMap, ArcCatalog,
ArcToolbox
-Geodatabase data model
ArcView 3.x
ArcView 9.x
- Shapefile data model
- Avenue Language
- Versions 1-3 from 1994 1999

Setijadji-slide

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ArcPad
Scalable GIS ArcInfo
ArcExplorer
ArcInfo
ArcEditor Java Viewer
ArcEditor HTML
ArcView Viewer
ArcInfo
ArcView
ArcEditor

ArcView ArcIMS
ArcSDE ArcSDE

Data Multiuser Multiuser

files geodatabase geodatabase

Personal GIS Workgroup and Enterprise GIS

Departmental GIS Setijadji-slide

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Setijadji-slide

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 Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Arc Map

View
and
edit
data
Analyze data
(Geoprocessing)

Create maps
Setijadji-slide

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Arc Catalog
Graphical
previews

View data
(like Windows Explorer)

Tables

Metadata
Setijadji-slide

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Arc Toolbox

Map Projections

Tools for commonly used tasks

Setijadji-slide

Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Several ArcGIS Extensions for Geoscience

1. ArcPad for field data capture
2. Survey Analyst
3. Geostatistical Analyst
4. Spatial Analyst
5. 3D Analyst

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Universitas Bangka Belitung Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Terima Kasih

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