‘Sitar hnan re ata Abdominal Strengthening Exercises: A Comparative EMG Study Gloria M. Beim, Jorge L. Giraldo, Danny M. Pincivero, Matthew J. Borror, and Freddie H. Fu “he purpose oft sly wast coparletromyayaphi (EMC) acy fe ‘eres Sure EMG recs of four muss appr ees, lower et, ‘ral eign antral ur) ofthe sie oma wl wee el ‘td ands on 0 hey, slater EMG ai was ered Saray execu oft abomina cach hese. exer perere with ‘ranch mache The ests scicate that the crunch exercise is compare to the ‘Svectherhibina exerches wih eset mvc craton of he inertial sn ‘maces pps oe est ichived whe Abfiex machine, wets eu ‘al mente “Theavernge hee often uns the boil sce nade com pued to other musle groups. Although adequte masle tone in the abel ‘etion s important, abdominal exercises cn he arf to the spine erred ineoecty 23), Chronic low bck pain a major el care problem in nds lize soci, and insu sent of trunk muscles apeae 1 belted 0 ‘he development of cron low Back pin. Several ators have dese the important vole of song abril wate in hah postural contol and preven tion of ow buck sary (.9, 1, 1, 18,23, 24). A wealth evidence points the eed for ogi leves of scalar stengh i he eaten ad preven Tow back pan, wih several sourts advocating the we of abdon ‘GM. ein wit Me Hahn Clk, 24 Ose Ae, Gaon, CO 2, ay, Unie of sb Pesbugh PA 15261, FHL Faw ie Cee Spats Medicines Relation, Universi of Psbah ” am at, Pr aa (1-13, 27) Fens wit cri ow bck pin demons ered eve of strength for tank esi shen compar 9 rol subj 7), Media ev ‘ence suget tat nore than fD% flow back pues ae cane y weak ‘wank les (20), Many sles have supped thee of endurance execs ‘ha incorporate he ori muscles prevent fw bck pin 7), Several ‘torre fund tment inion ones rank mate inbalsnces st ‘vor sen of he postural antagonist mses, sch 8 the lopons, 8c pd wih weakses of the more ally acing deminal maces In 2 tion the ipsoas muse, wih extesive unbar atachen, ois p= ‘emalyhaGous compressive an lrte frees onthe lr Spne 2 Intrerebal dts, fmt balanced by he lz orcs of the oral snus 20, ‘The ced unk itup wid he hips and Knees Neds been popula shdbminal exeteie Nichensondononsttedn vivo, tt intact [SS was hipherinstup exes than standin port (2), Whi and Pana sind tthe sic up exec shu aided fix pales wither iba Tow tsk pin (28) Nor 23) ener tata por pylon ‘ay ol acee agate eve ation dig ei pS res soa ‘Sominal ernch came lt fave (7,9, I, 12, 2, 2,26. Cae, mueous ‘eupmet manufrs ae maricug improved, sopisiaed spc ma ‘hnes, Therefor, th purpose of hi stay was compare alain of he ab- ‘owina muscles beween he somal crunch eerie ad fv er popelie siromina exerces Methods “Twenty alee ate ales witha mean age of21 years range 18-23 yea) ith o previous hry of amin tau vountred opiate hs Stuy Subjects wee examined visual te deere sutabityfr hs ty. A is imvesiguaretlatdeach volunteer abdominal cutie eerie isabel itn exe © alow elerode placement. Tis met fh ‘wed srr lcwods pace Each sujet proved wate formed com Sent as approved trough the Biomedical lsttutns! Review Board a the Unvesiy of Pasta Procedures Subject ay a spine poston a were sce 0 ‘ecto ti abdosinal race. andar meee ent c hse leanstjet and ere labeled with amarng pen Sue eed (Ap-ABCD Placement as cared ou a esrb by Floyd and Sve () (gure). Eee trode placement for he up ets banat muse was mead a 285% ofsant Sangeg 8 ‘igure — Surface dere placement the sero abn wll see (Ghupperrets domino recs abdominal esque te set ctban een rode the srr tpn ol the proximal tance betwer hexyl proces andthe bic symp ha tne between the eal border of he ects soi an he ne be Ele Tre picement forte lower er sbdominis was 24 af he distal stance tween hexyl proces andthe pubic syphys,hlay betwen teat ‘ruler ofthe ecu sbomini andthe ns ab Eire were pce over ‘he eema abdominal lique muscles a mesnre by two fingers sve Ie sneha ote ise cest Eecrode acre forthe inal abdoma ‘gue mice was the centr fhe al bounded by th ings igen ‘he ltr dg ofthe rst sheath ad the ine ning the ante open ie Spin 1 te unis ‘Once te apron oon ose diferent mc groups were et ‘ed, conduc resistance was reduced by shaving, abrag ad leaning he ‘Sin surface wih nogopyl also Toensre minimal impedarcea vale of 20 was cepa the erierion Excessive ovement cleo caes eas ‘imi yseuingtem wih pe, ander, and on eat wap. leone ‘papi (ENG) acy was assured ihe Noon Teeny ste (Norton “ nn, Gi, Per, ta USA, Sete, AZ). EMO sige were spl a ra of 1000 He corded by an FM ans ad rplifirwomby he sujet in belch, Re- ‘ode sigs were bode to an FM rcriver hat wat trans to an BM Incoprocssoc The ecards uaerwenanilog Wo dita (A/D conver Sintby 216-01 APD bar. aw EMO signals were then nerd ore he dar eo of th contraction foreach nec Exercise Pecormance “The exercise nh sty incded 4 stant ao rch up sd {ow aller exces ein four commercial walabe ere devices the ‘Abies icin, be ABR. te Node Tack Ab Works, od the Neat nth mache. ‘Abdominal Crach. The ect peooed the snd abdominal crnch ‘ina spine potion with he igs a es ened, he fet planed wsapyred nthe for andthe ulti th ed The subject wer ton ced {© che thom by enacting the abdominal muses ean bone shoe ‘oul escape wre js tor Thi conacton was mnogo} SiUp. The situp was performed wih abet ina supine postion with ste hp and ees flexed ad et plant oppor on he aoe he sje ‘nds were place eli te bend an he ct ws ate ex a> oil messes ia ence hon wil tk contacted he ih So {ce wer ntti ths pon fo 3 Nis Canc Mechine. Te jetted ih isha placed te tne on eter sie of ished Anil leo wa ered So a ‘Sexi cnn aon by boning te ches val he Keates 100 ‘owas placedon be weight suck sachlto the upp: pron he mci Sab- Jitrwernarced fx frwurd wd eo mai he poston fer, onde Tract Ab Wok, The bjt lyst oth ip and Koes suppor he device 90" of Meio. Then wer plas eth haces on ‘iberside ofthe bea, the sujet moves chest toward i hoes, at ‘aang his poston fer "Aft Machine” Fo hs execs, the ajc sinh sane postin at {oe andar sonia cunch, Sbjct wees grasp be anes se dee withthe eas sepia, Boh he hip nd Kaat wee ened 0° ‘ide fet elevated. The sobjects wee hen stato pal he handles toward he unis, whee he abdominal pdf te device placed nd oma (hi connetion fr = “Abller “The bjt ype wi ipa kes ese nd et pated unsupported on Nor Thee wa laa na rps the lows wee placed ‘ets wih te souls in igh esi nd etal ota, Te had ete fliced gon ena bar with the eons sed 15D bjs were fice © ‘oll a acrnch oan by contacting te sbdbenal miles fr 3podem Senge ® (Cate was kes limite fig by offering sii ret betwen th ‘teres, Te duran of he et period wa day each ej lingo “elton! covey flowing the preceding ou. The exerts warrants Focore of xeaton anal dat callecton wa coed without changes ine poston of te ccs Data Analysis ‘nea serie he ft 2 ftegiated EMG IEMG) avy of ex comin ‘io wera and he mean vaso te atactoe were oto The vale was sed for ssa rls Mle pie tests were calelaed be {meen he enc execs sd the ve ober somal exerctes foreach i Vid mule As alpine ofp eS wars Recults For the uper ets teres demand tha dona exe wid the ‘Abe: ested sii rer muscle scaton acompured ihe crac ‘exec y= 293, p 08) (Figure 2) Mesleacvaion ofthe upper rts 700 ie L aan tT = = a t Stoo. t 2 . a £ a seo Crunch Abliex Nauilus Nordle Abroler Situp Exercise Figure? — EMG scythe upper rectal ass arg the crench ‘erie Abe Akar Nerd Track Ab Woks, autres ads 7 i es ge | rt a" + tT 2m a Lt gw : =. Ts. Cinch Abllex Noctis Abroler Word Sap Exercise ger 3 — EMG actif tower rca staal maces daring hea ‘ero Ae, oy Nodc rack Works Nats te dsp ‘candy alert tha the eran eer) nie pcorning te uch eeee, ower, wi sgl reser than or {he tap eer = 578, p <0). Thee were no aiteces in muscle ‘etalon eters ti cue serie und cere performed wiibe Able, None Tack Ab Wok, o Nauis machines. Tore lower ects sce nctvatin wa gical greater uring te ranch exerci compte othe stup y = 3.64 p= D2) (Fgue 3). The ‘Srimch exe wasnt sttscally ferent om the ote exes. the ecera a neal oblige mules, ase ctvaton ding the ‘crunch erie want ttscally ferent rom sive estes per Formed ithib Abe, Abo Nard Tack Ab Woks aN machines (ures $208). Discussion “Te major ding ofthe pee stad was that he rch enrise was compa {alto mot ofthe ber exercises wth spt to asl activation Hower ‘ree prtormed wih he Ae apeaed superior the cum exer wih ‘eapesto mal activation of te upper rts onl tle Farharmore i ‘wo fod the ech exensue wns mere effectve than he sip wi eect {tml activa of he pen lover re bora uscg 3 te hy 5 rt 3 = 2 8 $ & ‘Grinch Ablox Nautlus” Nowe Sup —Abrotc Exercise MG ath fhe smn oq made drag te rnch Nerd ack a Works, Naar eee tao a icant tere ha th cand ere se| tT + 3 |r Has 3 we. rt e 2 g go ‘Gruoch Nowins Skup — Atlox Warde Abroler Exercise ‘eur 5— EMC activity of ern abd bigness dante rnc ‘ser lf, Aba Nardi Duck AD Works, ‘ity erat than the crane exe) Setsnsent (4) fou ts bck extension ining soot he best ‘ening mal opt wit conic ow bck pi, Homes sonal eer ‘Ser ant wrehng execs have sloteen fan oimprove ow back pin 2, 16.17) Afyperecded lumbar pine cn rice alg of he erent in nd trhing of he lipanentam avr flowed by mamoming eter ‘eral fermen. Aa eu ow tak ana oc ran be agrvate by ypeendig he lata spine 26) Several ators hav ound postures ‘eich eat te spss and hustng muscles, wich in as he pels Posteray reduce mbar tae (19. 15, 2) Sho et a 26) olan Increase EMG acy of he abdominal muscles With ck Nein incojune ‘ion with ple ablizaton, Tey sl found ht te dere of lembar loose ‘elon nthe asin Rexneck ith peli station dng abd fal cucheseree hoe ar act which demonsae thumb snl ion i danger cu in pope with nal pty Daring bn sie exon, he trv ‘wale cngresed aero wil sete the psec amulets uns ‘hers place thon undr ean, The aca alee ie thugh to nove pone ‘ry wth exion 23), Nechenson 2) fun hat the intracal resie win ‘helunbar spine vars weendonst Wid gnealalertonsinposte and varia tion ually markedbtween the various sit uptecniues te pose te {duc fors 1g standing india 1D eine ng ees th rece {025% he pesos varatns ates drama ar nen 8 mbes Ie Rech ith be sing ponte nrening intl reset HO, “Topp thicntesion Hap and Heck (1) wed amid lng we ay on our sup variation snarl sbdonualcunchotercie ‘The found hat the LI-LS rng angle of 4° decreased Between and 1° Ie the varius sicapexerisesandonly deceased 04" ringer rnc ‘ereise, This change i Meson angle was found vo be isin As Nacho @2) emowsed, masimur Neon ofthe lebanese ‘uncrdnary nce ath intra pene at eleva Tsay cont ‘ew degenerative canes ofthe unbar sk lst (3) fend taba muscles re espns ote el 45° of ‘exon movement beyond 45° athe retamto 45 ey onthehip exons Move- set of he wack upward from 4° fo he perpen nd back dove 10 43° ‘ee lined domi fin The movenest is prformed pinay bythe [Gp aoe Fit ss found eal conceit concton lisa genera po ‘el rom the rectus abomii musces thaneccere canacon, Couey (8) substrate sapere sora soken a tech porn of Ssitep “Te unk cut Si-ap wih te hips ae Anes ered eeques te Highest ‘boinc isbn von protect. Cover, the sandal or tal eueh as revises by several uta (0, 28,26) dbs noes ‘exon of te lumbar pte and tas ben foun be asupetor ome ercseee Seergbenns ® \ostengen thet sans Hower pp ets EMG activi wa fo ‘ote sigiicay grr wien subjocs ue he Alex device than wen hey ‘formed he str abba rnc, Thisfindig maybe eto teat at "Soin exerci with Abies pefomed a regular ination 2 ‘ternal este, Soe the device ulizs the ame anstome scon he ab ‘rina rock tay be cone pei he er eves nepal oe Salo of he exerci Atal of te abdominal musces peas to econpartic between the rmcheterce nh oer exer suded mh pre inespan Seg “thancemen! the skdomial ces depends fon he avaton dig val ‘us execs maneuvers The oa condos a wich msl activation exceed tf te cunt exes ma for tho wpe ots abdominal el lg the ‘Ae chne. The cnnch execs wae sow ob sper tote cup exe ‘efor mul svat. tre eserh shoul tempt deli the ol of ‘scl aedatin in enue abdominal srengt ve the course of ining Pero. Fothorort th cortrtaton of ip exo use actaton ing eutog ofthese various exercies may rove lo be a confountng fer ne ‘evelopment don nicl engi and coreton marimba References lett, SE nL. Fares Hestomyogngie vy of sk sae (in Wan son ees Pe Ter F358. 2 BSSRA Cosa fw pA a A 201057 9. Domb M0. Mol Kagan, pal Se 5307195, 198, 4 gpr IAM Nard, Seine Puno a8, aban ‘cpa eto deseo lo ak pa pal my Chronic mecha hw kp pales Spe 16967971 5. Fin MM, Ania mu vee dig perce as fstapeme: Anhmyoypic indy AP Me. 848) 20-24, 195 6 Rops WF and PHS. Ser ctmoqratic sy pates face be 1. Ro Das MNP Back pan se espn Ci St ad 19729, 981, Gali, RE, LE Kin, nt EJ, Wel Heromyopgic ty font ‘tyne ap rains Anh hij Ma Boab E2135, 07 9. Guiarey ACS. MA YE-M.LA DeCanpor TR Mrs Thecobaton of ‘scone ay. Spo Mad Pye Fe 312222230, 19 10, Hage Aan EE Bch, Stop exec: Aa deseyopg: sy Cl ‘nop Re er W528 178 nt ama Sesy preteen bask 1, Hhenm A€. 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