BASIC TAMIL

DICTIONARY
English-Tamil (this side)
Tamil-English (other side)'*"

LOCKWOOD * sorrsisiiiL/
r
K_

f
f
 ^ Abbreviations Used BASIC TAMIL
acc. = accusative (case)
adj. = adjective
adv; = adverb
n. = noun, nominal
obj. = objective (dat. case)
opp. = opposite
DICTIONARY
agrie. = agriculture
art. = article (gram, term)
p. = participle
p.p. = past participle English-Tamil (this side)
astron. = astronomy
bio. =ibiology
pi. = plural
pol. = polite: (or politics)
Tamil-English (other side)
bot. = botany poss. = possessive (case)
conj. = conjunction (gram.) pred. = predicate
dat. = dative (case) pron. = pronoun
esp. = especrally reflex. = reflexive
excl. = exclusive respect. = respectful
f. = feminine (gender) V. respect. = very respectful
fam. = familiar (address) sing. = singular
gen. = general s.o. = someone
hon. = honorific (address) Spk.Tam.= spoken Tamil LOCKWOOD * su/TcSSi/il
incl. = inclusive sth.= something
mstru. = instrumental (case) suf.= suffix
inter]. = inteijection temp.= temperature'
interr. = interrogative v. = verb
irr. = irregular v.i. = verb instransitive
irrat.= irrational v.t. = verb transitive
m. = masculine (gender) voc. = vocative (case)
 Tambaram Research Associates
MCC, Tambaram, Madras 600 059
Copyright 1994: M. Lockwood
Price: Rs. 100.
Typeset by T.R.A. on a Macintosh PB145
Printed at Sudarsan Graphics, Madras 500 017
INTRODUCTION
This dictionary of 'basic Tamil' has been com-
piled primarily for English speaking persons who
are learning Tamil - though it is hoped that others
may find it useful, too. The Tamil vocabulary here
is approximately two thousand words. The selec-
tion of this vocabulary has been influenced by the
Voice of America's 'Special English' one-thou-
sand-word list.
The Tamil vocabulary is given both in the
Tamil script and in transliteration. The method of
transHteration used is a modification of the system
used in the Tamil Lexicon (University of Madras).
The following table gives the letters which are
'initial' vowels (i.e., vowels which begin a word):
Hi
 . The Initial Vowels
^ =a (the short a, as in 'among')
^ - a (the long a, as in 'alms')
= i (the short i, as in 'in')
fF -1 (the long I, as in 'machine')
a- -u (the short K, as in 'pat')
ss = u (the long ii, as in 'rwby' or 'Zulu')
67 = e (the short e, as in 'etiquette')
67 = e (the long e, as in 'etude')
g = ai (a diphthong, as ai in 'aisle')
9 = 0 (theshort, clipped o, as in'opaque')
g = 0 (the long d, as in 'owe')
s^srr - an (a diphthong, as ou in 'owch')
iv
The consonant letters a, #, L_, ^, u, and p are
pronounced differently in different positions in a
word. At the beginning of words, the first five of
these letters are pronounced roughly as k in '/dn';
as s in '^in'; as t in 'rin'; as th in 'fMn' (but as a
pure plosive, with no air escaping past the tongue
at the start of the word); and as p in 'pin'. The
consonant p (r) never begins a word.
When doubled within words, the first five of
these letters, with the exception of 93= (echo), are
pronounced similarly. The exception, (echo) -
as in ^s^ffSLD {acchagam), is pronounced approxi-
mately as the ch m 'cAum'. As transliterated in
this dictionary, (rra) as in wpip (marra) is
pronounced approximately as tra in the word
'tradition' (the r sound is rolled).
V
 When directly preceded by a nasal, these six
Intervocalically, that is, with vowels in front letters (, L_, ^, u, and are voiced. E.g.:
and back of any one of these consonant letters - fBJsi - = - figa -
(e.g., in ^xLD [agam]): - (s^a: - = - nja -
-ffi- is pronounced as a fricative g; - ssarL- = - nda -

-3=-is pronounced as s in '.jin'; - - = - ntha -

- iL- is pronounced as dm 'ma<iam'; - LDU - = - mba -
- ^ - is pronounced as the voiced th in 'mother'; - ekp - = - nra - (the nr is pronounced like
- u - is pronounced as b in 'labor'; and the ndr in 'unrfress', with the r slightly rolled)
- p - is pronounced with a rolled r sound. With two exceptions, the rest of the letters
Each of the above six consonant letters has a (which are semi-vowels) are relatively straight-
related nasal: forward in their pronunciation:
lu (y) as in 'y&s'
has isj (n) as in 'sing'; 0- (r), a rolled r
#has (n) as in 'oraon'; GO (Z) as in 'Zevel'
L-has (), a retroflexive n; sij (v) as in 'very'
^ has |5 (n), a dental n, as in 'month'; The two exceptions are:
u has LD (?7z), as in 'amber'; and (), a fricative, retroflexive I quite peculiar to
p has ssr (n), an alveolar n. Tamil and some other Dravidian languages
sfr (Z), a retroflexive I
vi vii
 The complete Tamil alphabet, in proper order,
Finally, there are in general usage six letters together with the transliterated sounds associated
borrowed from the Sanskrit Grantha alphabet with each letter, is given as follows:
(whose sounds are fixed and do not vary according s k,g dj y
to their position in the words): rsi n pr r
i s,chj d) /
^ = J as in 7ar' FF I (SJ n si/ V
sijf = ^ (a retroflexive 5) a_ u iL t,d
set U em n
ehi - 5 as in '>jin'
e ^ th (voiced & unvoiced)
isk) -
GT
A as in 'Aug'
^ e ^ n
= (a conjunct of k and s)
usf = M (a conjunct of ^ and r plus the
S u p,b y> I
9 0 LD m or I
medial vowel i) ( i as in 'j/zame')
P r
^err au sir n
Along with each verb, appearing in this dic-
tionary in its imperative singular form, are given in
parentheses its infinitive and converbial (or 'ad-
verbial' participle):
QsrrSi kodu {Qairr(S)s;s;, QsrrQt^^)
viii. ix
 a c c i d e n t (chance happeniug) -
A
a, a n (art.), one (adj.) - tharcheyal

Acknowledgments p(75 oru a c c i d e n t a l (adj.) -

a b a n d o n ( v . t ) ; let go -
S!SIQ5)(5) kaividu tharcheyaldna
I wish to thank ITuru M . Lakshmanan, of (-aS)l_, -fflflCSl) a c c i d e n t a l l y (adv.) -
Serkkadu, Walajabad, who read through several able (be able) (aux. v.) -

rough drafts of this dictionary and made helpful (tpuf-lLlLD mudiyum tharcheyaldga
be u n a b l e (aux. v.) - a c c o m p a n y (v.t.) -
comments. I also wish to thank Mr. S. Rama- Qjus^iurr^ mudiydthu si^lLiGufT kuda-p-po
krishnan for his assistance and Mrs. Usha Krishna able (adj.) - (- Gurrs, - Gumii)
for going through the original final draft and ^psnLDtunesr thiramaiydna accomit(s) (n.); c o m p u t a t i o n -
ability (n.) - dsswffi(g kanakku
carefully checking the entries. Any anomalies are
^pes)LD thiramai a c c u r a t e (adj.)
entirely my responsibility. s^ifliurresr sariydna
a b o u n d (v.i.), be full -
I have sometimes deliberately departed from njlsm/o nirai a c c u r a t e l y (adv.)
s:fr\iuiT<s sariydga
strict alphabetical order for word-family grouping about (prep.), concerning - a c c u s e (v.t.) -
reasons. U/D/75) p a r r i (ffjPpLDfFnC kurramsam
a b o u t (nearly) (adv.) - (-<3^ffL.L_, /7)
SrLDlTrTn's sumdrdga (make) a c h e (v.t.), hurt -
Tambaram M. Lockwood
above - QjsiS) vali
G u ) s b mel, GLDGSO mele
Note: A section on Food is in the middle of the book. accept (v.t.) a c h e (v.i.), hurt -
^^^isQs/rsrr otthukkol (3;5/T no
{-Qsiraretr, -Qarrtisr)
accident; calamity (n.) - a c h e (n.), pain -
eSlu^^ vibatthu EUSiS) vali, GrsfTexj novu

X 1
 achievement (n.) - administration, r u l e - advise (v.Lj f r i g h t f u l (adj.) -
flT^anssr sddhanai ^CSl Stchi uturajmrruDrrasr
across (prep, or adv.) - administration, management- buddhi(mathi) sol payangaramana
rSlireimaih nirvdgam (- Qmeoai, - QmoieS) f r i g h t f u l l y (adv.) -
@ f f ! y G kurukke
a d m i t (accept) (v.t.) - affair, m a t t e r - uujraia;[TLDrrai
act (v.); dance -
payahgaramdga
rsts^ nodi (jsist-ss, !Bisf.0i) s^^]SiG\ai!Tea otthukkol SITlfliULD kariyam
a f t e r (adv.), t h e n -
act (v.); do - . {-Qsirareir, -Offl/rsw) affect ( v . t ) -
a d m i t ( v . t ) , get a d m i t t e d - ^LJLjpLb appuram
Qs^iLl sey (Qa^iuiu, Qsiugf) un^ pdthi
^emiLnSl anumathi a f t e r ( b e y o n d i n space) -
a c t i o n (n.) -
affection, kindness, love - cSi/L/qptb appuram
Qs^iuso seyal
a d m i t (v.t.) - ^eJfTLf anbu after
actor (in drama) -
Qs^ff ser affectionate, k i n d , loving - aijfi^^ kalitthu
rElSf-'Spr nadigar
^ekiurresr anbana a f t e r ( t i m e ) ; above -
a c t u a l l y (adv.) - be a d m i t t e d (v.i.) - affectionately, lovingly - LSIeir pin, LSGSTLI pinbu,
s_eiisrss)LDUJfTS unmaiydga Ga:^ ser ((5#!r, CdFjj-jE^) ^esTUrrai anbdga ISSBTOSST pinne,
a d d (v.t.); j o i n -
a d u l t (n.); e l d e r - b e a f r a i d (v.); fear - iSiasTasrrTso pinnal,
Qff^ sir (G*!7, Qsfi^)
^l^a anju LSlekssmGeO pinnale
a d d (v.t.); gather u p ; collect - vayathu-vanthor
(^(gff, ^(gffl) a f t e r n o o n (n.) -
aii.iL.Qt kuttu (fflvi' I , u l . i f ) advance (money); d e p o s i t -
be a f r a i d (v.) - iBlpuasM pirpagal
a d d i t i o n (n.) ( i n arithmetic) - (LpesruemLD munpariam uiu^^Qg payanthiru affer-svards
>.L.L_<M kuttal
g i v e an a d v a n c e - (-g)(i5, - O S S ' ) iSipurr pirpddu,
address ( o f residence) - qpeitusmih QsinQ\ a f r a i d (adj.), f e a r f u l - L5)ff3@ piragu
(Lpsevifl mugavari munpanam kodu
^l^&tu aiijiya, a g a i n (adv.) -
adjust (v.) - (- Q/r@), - QanQi^gi)
uiu^^ payantha, LCin;i]LJU).U-ILD marupadiyum,
ffi^uQi^^ saripadutthu a d v a n c e (v.), progress -
^a^ffWrresT acchamdna, LSemQiiii intndum
(ipeijQGST^ munneru
uiULDn'esr payamdna a g a i n and a g a i n (adv.)
a d j u s t m e n t (n.) - {(LpauGewip, (LpanGeifr^)
a d v i c e (n.) s o m e t h i n g f r i g h t f u l (n.) - ^iq.a;ans{. adikkadi,

saripadutthuthal L/^^(u)@) buddhi(mathi} UlUfBiaip'LD payahgaram UisO(lfi0S)p palamurai

2 3
 alas!, misfortune; sin - alms (u.) -
against (adv.), opposed to - agriculture (n.) -
Ufra/ti) pavam l3<fema= picchai
wrriprra; mSraga, eSleufffTiULD vivasSyam,
alone; unique; sole -
si^pTTtX ethirdga GeverrfremanLD velanmai alike (adv.)
^asfl thani,
age (years old) - aid (n.) - epuurrs oppSga,
^asflujns thaniyaga,
aJiUl vayathu S-^eSl uthavi GunGeo pole
^esfliurreu thaniyam
era (n.) - aid (v.L) - alive- alone (only) -
aireOLD kalam S-^eSl Gl3=dj uthavi sey a_(z5)(5L_Mr uyirudan, lDL-.(giUi mattum
agitate (v.L); move; shake - (- G)*iuiu, - Qsiugi) S-erretT uyir ulla along side (prep.) -
^ f ) f f asai aim (v.L), to point at - all, all kinds "of- L/ffi^@sb pakkatthil
be agitated; move; shake (v.) -
^f^urrpr kuripar STsbsufT ells, along w i t h (prep.)
^ana' asai ffiii kiida
aim (n.), purpose, goal - ellavithamdna
(j^enffiu, ^mir^gi) all along (adv.) -
(ggS hurt, all (things) (n.) -
agitate (emotionally) (v.t.) - Q/5(51 neduga
STsbsonii ellam
< S S U ; @ kalakku a lot of (adj.) -
(seyal) nokkam all (people) (n.) -
(asuffis, U*g)) rles)puj niraiya
air (n.), w i n d - sreoeonqfiLCi ellSrum,
be agitated (emot.) (v.i.) - aloud (adv.) -
<SlTn)^ karru STSwGsua'(5Lb elldrum ff^^LDfTSi satthamaga
i5SUEJ(g kalahgu
(<BSOra/iK, SU/SJS)) a i r p o r t (n.) all (whole) (a.) - already (adv.); before -
ago (adv.) - (Lp(tgeu^uo muluvathum (LpeiflQu munbe,
vimana nilaiyam (yjsJTSSrCoU) munname
(LpesTLf munbu allo-sv (v.t.); leave; let go -
alarm (n.), state of alarm - also (adv.); even
agree (v.) - a5)(51 vidu (a5)t_, O S I L - )
uiULh payam, aUov? (v.t.), permit - -S-IM -um, -kada
< ? U ) L D ^ sammathi
(tftiiD^a;^, ffLDLD^^^)
^S^ffiJD accham r ^ C T / L p S i ) anumathi although (conj.) -
agree with ( v . ) - be alarmed (v.i.), frightened - (<^@UU)^, ^w,su^i,gi) erekpfT&^Lb enralum,
e^^gjaQsrrist otthukkol thidukkidu almost (adv.) -
{-Qsazheff, -Qds/7eMrCp) 0 ) i _ , ^(ilffig)L-0) SllLi^^Cl- Uttatthatta, irunthapothum
agreement (n.); contract - alas! (interj.) - always (adv.); whenever-
epLJU^^LD oppantham ^GiUfT aiyo konjam kuraiya eriliGuiT^Lh eppothum

5
4
 always; forever - and (conj.) - another (of the same) (adj.) - ant (n.) -
ereJsrgiILD enrum
^CsKSsWfrCfJ inndru.
always; ever- -a_ib ... -a_Lb -um... -um, another (different) (adj.) - er^LDi-i erumbu
6TS5rs!npa;@)Lb enraikkum
Gevg) vera, antiqxiity (n.) -
ambassador (n.) - LDipgiJLD marrum
GajGplTQ^ veroru ULpemLD palamai,
anger (n.) -
^fipf dhuthar
GarruiM kobam another (of the same) (adj.) - yfieumnetiLD purvakalam
ambition (n.) - be angry (v.i.) - LDipro marra, LDirj maru, any (adj. & pron.) -
Lj^SLpiTJ'aJUi pugalSrvam,
GsrruLDfrs ^ ( T J LDpGpfTq^ marroru ^ ^ f r s u ^ ethdvathu,
Gufrrr^suLD perarvam
kobaindga iru another (person) - eJG^^La ethenum,
amend (v.L), emend; correct- wppeupi marravar, er^sijlh ethuvum,
^(^1 thirutthu (- i)(!5, - ^mm) GeilGpn'(ii^evp' veroruvar ujnQ^rT( yathoru
anger (make angry) (v.t.) - another (thing) (n.) - anybody (pron.), anyone -
among (prep.) - GSITU^LL kobamuttu Gsi/Gpffswgy veronru lunrjrTsy^ yaravathu,
s-sir ul, S-enQerr ulle, (-safL.(_, -ssnCis).) answer (n.), reply - STSuGprgyLo evaremim
^es)L^u5i<so idaiyil, angry (adj.) - u^so pathil, anyone (pron.), everyone -
^es)L-Guj idaiye GsrTjjQfisrrerr kobamulla
LDgu^Lnrrifi luiT(Lh yarum
amount (n.), measure; limit- angrily (adv.) - marumoli
answer (in exam.) (n.), reply - nobody (pron.) -
^ensij alavu
GaUTUWlTSi
angle (n.); comer -
ksbamaga
eSleini vidai yarum illai
amount (n.); anthology - GsnemLB konam answer (verbally) (v.) - anyhow (adv.)
Qssfrems thogai animal (n.) - LDgnQiarTifi Qa^rrei}
amplification (n.); details - LSl(t^mLD mirugam, marumoli sol eppadiyenum

si5)sx/ini vivaram LSlrrtreissfl pirani (- QfffTaJoi, - Q{FiTa)eSI); anything (pron.)

anarchy (n.) anklet (silver) (n.) - sfflfflDi Qmeo vidai sol; (urrGfies}llM ydthSnum

(^LpUULD kulappam Qarra^Sr kolusu u ^ s b Qs^irei) bathilsol anything (pron.), whichever-

ancient (adj.) - anniversary (n.) - answer (in writing) (v.) - sT^syii ethuvum
^isisr eS\Lpn andu vila anyway (adv.) -
thonmaiyana, announce (v.t) -
palamaiyana ^n5)si5) arivi
bathil eluthu
(- 7(yi^, - r(^)^) eruuiq-turriiSls^lih
ULpemLDturresr
(^j5)a5), ^jS)aS)^^) eppadiyayinum
announcement (n.)
6 ^(^eSluLf arivippu 7
anywhere (adv.), somewhere - appointment (n.) - argument (n.) arrival (n.)
eTfSjGsiurrajgl engeyavathu rSllULDStsnh niyamanam, (e&)eu[r{siis (vi)vatham, suq^es)ai varugai,
anywhere (adv.), wherever- ff^^uq santhippu QJlT^frQl^A> vathaduthal euq^^et) varuthal
^lilGsiLjlJo ehgeyum a p p r o a c h (v.i.); reach; get - a r m (n.); hand - arrogance (n.)
apologize, ask forgiveness - adai OTcS kai SpreilLD karvam
wasTss^uLi Gserr trunk (elephant) (n.) - a r r o g a n t (adj.) -
mannippu kel a p p r o a c h ; reach; join with - ^^setnsi thuthi-k-kai aipeylLBfTeST karvamana
(- Gil, - Csilg)) Gff/f ser (Cffjr, Qst^gi) army (n.); troops; force arrogantly (adv.) -
apology (n.), asking forgive. - a p p r o a c h (v.i.) - uani padai S^euLorrs karvamdga
mesrasflLjq QmiLL^eo (o)/50ffi/@ nerungu aroimd a r t (n.) -
mannippu kettal (GliBtsmia, QjBdSiiiSi) surri,
approval (n.) - assDSU 'kalai,
appeal (for help) (v.) - SFLDUD^LD sammatham a-p^&^Lb surrilum
(LpempuSQ) muraiyidu ^0^rrLO chitthiram
approve (v.t) - arrange (v.t.) artist (n.) -
(((/)anj)u5lL_, (LpenpuSICQi) a^LOLO^ sammathi Q<F(U oluhgu sey
appeal (n.) - (- Qsihiu, - Qfiii^y, ^ofllL/ir oviyar,
Geuem(S)Q'SrTerr vendukol 6Tpjj/r(j) QfflU erpS4u sey;
{-QarreheiT, -Qa/rcHr) a=^UuQ\^l sarippadutthu chitthirakkSrar
sammatham therivi
appear (v.); s e e m - (- Q^iHeSIss, - Q{iiflsSI0gi) (-u^, - u g ) ^ ) as (conj.) -
G^fTekgU thonru approximately (adv.) - arrangement, preparation - uu^ujaec padiyaU
(G^/rrarn), CS^/rswjB) aLDfTp' sumar, erpurrCS) erpa4u ^esTUU^iurreO anapadiyal,
appearance (n.); scene - SIILL-^^LLL^ kittatthatta arrest (stop) (v.t) - ^emaiums: agaiyal
G^rrppib thorram, area; region; portion - rSt^^SI nirutthu as, in accordance with -
amLS) katchi paguthi, UU^GlU padiye
appoint (v.t.) - uijULf parappu, arrest (take into custody) - as, l i k e -
liltULSI niyami esi^x^ QfFUj kaithu sey LD/7^/fl mdthiri,
fi0auuu@@ nilappaguthi, (- Qffiuiu, - Qfftugi) ^UUlSj-GlU appadiye
appoint (to a job) (v.t.) -
GejesxsosiULDp'^gl urjLJULpeij parappalavu arrive (v.i.) - ascend (v.i.), go up -
velaikkamanthu a r g u e (v.) - QJ/jg/ Gr vanthu ser GLDGSV Q3=<A) male sel
eiirr^iT vathsdu (- CSffjr, - Gffpii/)
(- Qa^su, - Qa^swnjj)

8 P
ascend (v.i.), enter (vehicle) - astonish (v.) - attend, wait on, look after - a w a k e n (someone else) (v.t.) -
<^g)J em (,^0), ^nSI) sieuetfl kavani ST(LpULl eluppu
ash (n.) - acchariyamuttu (61/C3fl<S, sisuesfl^^) {^(LffUU, TlLgUl3)
(-afiTL,!, -aaiLLuj.)
ffnihueo sambal attention (n.), heeding - away -
astonishment (n.) -
ask: listen; obey (v.) - aeiissTLO kavanam siSlsuS) vilagi,
^#5=ffluj/i acchariyam
G s c r r kel ( G L . , Gatl) pay attention (v.) - gUff dhUra,
astonisliing (adj.) - dssi/ssfl kavani
asleep (adv.) - Q^nemeoeSieo tholaivil
gffSSLDfTS thukkamaga acchariyamana
a u n t (n.), father's sister; B
assemble (v.i.) - astonishingly (adv.) - mother's brother's wife b a b y (n.); c h i l d -
OidLQi kum
(ffijlL, ffijll^)
^^es)^ atthai (gLp^ans^ kulanthai
acchariyamaga
assist ( v . ) - at (prep.) - a u n t (n.) - b a c k (of one's body) -
(IfiSKS "^"ihugu
O-^'sSl Qffuj uthavi sey -g)sb -n LDmSI mami
b a c k (general) (n.) -
(- Qffiuiu, - QiFtujy) atmosphere (n.) - a u t h o r ; editor; t e a c h e r -
iSdr pin,
assistance (n.), help - (gy)n5)s!f)(SU sulnilai ^&lfluj^ asiriyar iSleirnpLD pinpuram
S-^aSl uthavi atom (n.) a u t h o r i t y ; power; command - b a c k ( w a r d ) (adv.) -
assistant (n.), h e l p e r - r^smi aim rS>l^<SfTrTLD athikaram LSIeir pin, ^(LDISI thirumbi,
S-^eSliurreirp^ uthaviySlar, attack (v.L) - a u t h o r i t a t i v e (adj.) - ^(ULSI thiruppi (w/ v.t.)
gieinem{ajp) thuriai(var) ^lTm(g thdkku {^iTsx, 0rTaSl) b a d (adj.); s p o i l e d -
association; corpn.; pol. party - athikaramana
attack (n.) ketta
XLpaih kalagam authoritatively (adv.) -
^rT<s^S<A> thakkuthal, b a d m a n (n.) -
association, society, union -
er^p'uq ethirppu Q(5JL.t_eus5r kettavan
fliiaih sangam athikaramaga
attempt (n.); effort- b a d (situation, etc.) (n.)
assurance (n.) avoid (v.t.); abstain f r o m -
(Lpiup^ muyarchi Qwrrs^LD mosam
uruthi ^eSlfr thavir
attempt (v.) - b a d (adj.) -
assure (v.) -
(lfilUp& QfFiU avpake (v.i.); get up; emerge -
QiDtTS^Lorresr mosamSna
S-gU^ Qff^iu uruthi sey muyarchi sey b a g (n.) -
ST(y) elu (ejip, ej(L0^gi)
(- Qsiuiu, - Qffiligj) (- Qsiuiu, - Qffiu^) E n u pai

10 11
baggage (n.) - basket (n.) beach (n.) -
bank (shore) (n.) -
fflTLDmAt saman 5i.nL_ kudai tsetncr karai
saniT karai
bat (animal) (n.) - sea-shore (n.) -
balance (v.t.); compare - bank (financial) (n.) -
Qeiieneurreo vauval ffiL_(D<5S!njr kadar-karai
suffiyS) vahgi
bath (n.) - beak (bird's) ~
samanilayakku bar (to block) (v.t.) -
alagu,
^Qt thadu (gsrflujsb kidiyal
balance (remainder) (n.) - (3(5), bathe (oneself) (v.i.) -
mithi bar (rod) (n.) - @sn) kuH (paravai) mukku

ball (n.) - (gsiSa;*, (gsi9^^) bear (v.t.); give birth -

^14. thadi,
U^j panthu bathe (another) (v.t.) - QugjJ peril (Qup, Qupgii)
aiMiS kambi
(ge/i^LJUnLOt bear (animal) (n.)
ballot (n.) - barber (n.) kidippattu
6^lLs=SlL(S\ CSI/LDL/LLLISW ambattan, ((gsiSiJun-L.i_, (gaBuumluj.)
bathing r o o m (n.) - beard (n.) -
ban (v.t.) - fSrre&^sir n&vithan
^mq. dhadi
^ S i n t _ Qftu thadaisey bark (of a dog) (n.) -
kidiyal arai beat (v.t.), h i t -
(- Qffiuiu, - Slffiiigi) (ginsw(^65Gb) kulaj(tthal)
battle (n.); w a r - ^14. adi
ban (n.) - bark (v.i.)
Qunir par
^eini_ tliadai @ansu kulai beauty (n.) -
battle (v.) -
ban order (n.) - (@n6D, (gencu^^) ^Lp(g, alagu
base (n.), bottom; foot; step - beautiful (adj.) -
thadai uttharavu
sandai pannu
^Lq, cult ( - ucinsreiror, - u e w s B a f l ) ; ^LpsiiresT alagana,
banana (n.) -
base (n.), b o t t o m - ffessremi GurrQi ^LpSllu alagiya
eu[TeS)Lp valai
^Lq.uus;sih adi-p-pakkam saiidai podu because (conj.), f o r -
banana (mature fruit) - baseless (adj.) - (- Gum-, - Guml.&)
i^jQesresTprrA) enenral
evrranifiLJULpLD be (v.i.); become-
valai-p-palam just because of that -
kdranam illatha
bangle (n) - basic (adj.) - be (v.i.); stay, w a i t - athanalthan
enmeiTiueci valaiyal ^LS^LIUS!nL^UJIT<Sl!r on account of; as -
bracelet (n.) - adippadaiyana, snriemLDnsi karanamaga
xauLj kappu ^u^uues)L- adippadai

13
12
become (v.i.); b e -
bed (with mattress) -
L;(5)aani5 padukkai
cot (without mattress) -
aiiLls\.eo kattil
bee (n.) -
Q^df them
beetle (n.) -
isiiemQ\
before (in space); opposite
er^pr ethir, er^Gir ethire
before (in time); already -
ejpsenrGaj erkanave,
(Lpewssrrrsb munna!
before, formerly -
(Lpek mun,
(ipekLj munbn,
(LpssKeBsr munne,
(Lpeitesmeii munnal,
QfietsTBSinQiso munnale
beg (v.) -
Gserr picchai kel
(-C5il, - (SL.) believe (v.), trust -
beggar (n.) -
picchaikkdran
14
begin (v.i.) belong (v.t.) - better (adj.) -
Q^nL^iai(Q thodahgu
(Qigrrumis, Q^/rLrag)) sonthainayiru QimsonesT melana
begin (v.t.) - between (prep.) -
^[TLDlSl aramhi -^mm) ^swtuSlsb idaiyil,
(=^UIL51, ^ijiMi3$^) belonging to (adj.) - LD^^uSieo matthiyil
beginning (n.) - (3ff!J75^ serntha beyond; moreover; then
^tTlhuLD arambam below; eastern ^ULIpih appuram
beginning (n. or adj.); first - g y ) kll beyond (in space) -
( t p ^ s b muthal bemoaning (n.); m o u r n i n g - ^LJLjpLh appuram
LjeVLDuec pulambal big (adj.); important -
behave; happen; walk - benefit (n.); welfare -
-fSI. nada {rsiAs, rsi-^si) QufDlU periya
/gEOti nalam,tssueinLD nanmai bind (v.t.); tie; build-
behavior (n.), conduct benefit (v.t.) -
ISsireinLD Qffiu nanmai sey siCQ kattu
rsiSiiLsi.a;ana nadavadikkai, (L.(_, fflL-'l^.)
(- G)ffijiu, - QiFiiigi)
lEL^^an^ nadatthai beside (prep.), next - bundle (n.) -
behind (prep.) - usm^^eo pakkatthil
iSeir pin, besides; m o r e o e v e r - L!_(5) kattu
LSlssTOSTneo pinnal, (jLospfLD melum bird (n.) -
LSeiTLlpLh pinpuram best (adj.)- u p s D S U paravai,
being (n.) - migacchirantha,
g)(T5^^sb irutthal (g(njeiSI kuruvi
utthama(mana)
belief; confidence; hope - betray (v.L); reveal - birth (n.) -
fSLbtilaans nambikkai
i S p u q pirappu
vanjanai sey bite (v.t); chew -
rSLbl-l nambu (jBiiu, rsiiiLS)
bell; hour (of the day) - (- Qa^iiiiu, - Qa^iugi); dSlif. kadi
iosssfl mani a;mLi^.AQarT(Si kattikkodu bitter (adj.) -
ffiffuufrew kasappana
15bitterness (n.) -
<5<FUL/ kasappu
b l a c k (adj.) - b l e s s i n g (n.) -
b l o w (as w i n d ) (v.) - b o l d n e s s (n.) -
SgiJUUiraST karuppana, ^^p-eutT^LD aslrvatham
adi ^i^-^) em0lfluJLD dhairiyam
3i^es)LDUjfTetrr karumaiydna, b l i n d (adj.) - b o n e (n.)
b l u e ( n . ) , dark b l u e -
xtSllU kariya (aj(l^LLQ\ STeplLDLj elumhu
/fsuii nilam
blackness (n.) - (gd^L-fTesr kiirudana b o o k (n.) -
b l u e (adj.) -
sg^jULj karuppu fl5ffsu nUl,
b l i n d l y (adv.) - /fso nila
b l a m e (n.); fault; revenge - Lf^^sih putthagam
b o a r d (n.), p l a n k -
Uifi pali, {gppib kurram kuruttutthanamaga (L/sfu^ffiti pusthakam)
usvsmss palagai
b l a m e (v.t.) - b l i n d n e s s (n.) - b o r d e r ( n . ) ; shore -
b o a t (n.) -
Ulfl pali (uifids, uifi^gi); (g(/5(5) kurudu, ffissi/r karai, ^prih dram
Ul-.(Q padagu,
@ f f ) p i i i s^fTlLQl kurram sattu ssm Q^ifliurTLDso b o r d e r (n.); l i m i t ; e x t e n t -
(- ffmli_, - ffitCuf.) kan theriyamal e^lLD odam, STsbsinsU ellai
b l a n k (n.), emptiness - b l i n d p e r s o n (n.) - G^rrsmfl thoni b o m (be); b e i s s u e d -
QsiwysnLD verumai, ^(/JLjj kurudar ship (n.) - iSIp pira {iSlroaa;, iSp^)
sneSl gali b l o c k (to stop) ( v . t . ) suueb kappal b o r r o w (take a loan) (v.) -
b l a n k (adj.), empty - ^(5) thadu (^filffiffl, b o d y (n.) -
QsugilLD verum kadan vahgu
b l o o d (n.) - _L_su udal
(- aimiia, - ajmiiS)
b l a n k e t (n.) - p'^^ih rattham boil ( v . t ) - b o s s ( n . ) , master, l o r d -
snisuefh kambali b l o o m (n.), blossom -
kothikkappattiru er^Lorreir ejamdn,
bleed (v.i.) - toswp" malar, y pu
(-g)(n;ffiffi, -iml) (Lp^evrreifl muthalali,
jr^gli) a/ig. rattham vadi b l o u s e ( w o r n w i t h saree) -
b o a (v.i.), be b o i l e d - ^emeoeupT thalaivar
CraS]s;es)X ravikkai, Qsn^ kothi b o t h (adj. & p r o n . ) -
bleeding (excessive) (n.) -
GfflTeffl choli (Glmrr^aa, Qa!t^0gi) ^irsw'(5l(ti) iraiidu(m)
b l o u s e (western style) b o l d (adj.) - bottle ( n . ) -
rattha-p-pokku
bless ( v . t ) - a^llsiW sattai em^iflujiUDrresr LJLL^. putti
^fflrsu^ aslrvathi b l o w ( n . ) ; stroke; t h u n d e r dhairiyamana b o t t o m ; f o o t ; step -
boldly (adv.)-
etil^lfllULDrra dhairiyamaga adi(-p-pakkam)

16
17
bottom (adj.) - briefly (adv.) - brother (general term) -
^/ry)/5^ thalntha a breaking open (n.) - sQsin^rreisr sagotharan
bow (to) (v.); worship - s^es)i_LJLl udaippu s^Q^ssLorT'X surukkamaga elder brother -
oJemiBJf^ vanahgu breath; life; vowel - bright (adj.); clear- ^(SWOTsrsaT" annan
a_u5)p- uyir (^isnaaLDaem vilakkamana, younger brother -
box (n.) - breath (n.); Ufe- LDUJiDirasT olimayamana ^LDl3 tliambi
QuiLuj. petti mUcchu brighten (v.) - brow (eyebrow) -
boy (n.) - breathe (v.) - Lj([^eULti buruvam
muiuasT paiyan ^p#a5)(4l mucchuvidu pirakasappadutthu brown (n.) -
bracelet (n.) - (-sSlL., -Q5)L.(JI) brightness (n.) - U(LpLJLj paluppu
XITLJLI kappu brevity (n.) - iSfrafT'SFLh pirakasam brown (adj.) -
brain (n.) - s^qgAaih surukkam bright (adj.) - u(LffUi-i rSlpLDrreu
^anstr mUlai brick (n.) - paluppu niramana
iSlprsmFLoaesr pirakasamana bucket
brass (n.) - (n.) 'umQaiC'
Qffliiseo sengal brightly (adv.) euasnt vsli
iSl^e^mea pitthalai bride (n.) - i3rrsirT9'LDlT3i pirakSsamaga buffalo (n.) -
brave (adj.) LDeswLDserr mana-magal, brilliant (adj.) ~ 67(55 SOT LD(LDnr(5l)
eBp'ljarrem viramam LDSmuQuem mana-p-pen, erumai(madu)
bravery (n.) - seoturrsmuQuem pirakSsamulla build (v.t.); bind -
oSfTlii vlram kalyana-p-pen bring (v.t) - miLQ) kattu
bread (n.) - bridegroom (n.) - Qanem(^ eurr kondu va
QirmLt^ rotti UjsssrLOiSsjr maita-magan, (- aj!T, - ajpgi) building (n.), construction -
breadth (n.) - bring down (v.t.); lower- SilLi<i.L^La kattidam
^seOLD agalam LDiruiSmsnm mappillai irakku bull (n.) -
break (v.t.) - bridal couple (n.) - (MP^' g)!DS)) a/rsmsrr kalai
a_5ll_ udai LBemiasiSierT
mana-makkal broad (adj.) - buUock (n.); ox -
(ji-csiLfflffl, a-OTL-^^)
bridge (n.) - ^SisVLDrresT agalamSna eTQg^ eruthu
break (be broken) (v.i.) - broom (n.) bullock cart (n.) -
a_!n(_ udai uireoLD palam
brief (adj.) - ^S!n(_iJuti thudaippam u:n'L-(51su5iir4- mattu-vandi
Si^asiLDlTeiST surukkamana
18 19
bundle (n.) - busy (adj.) - call (v.t.); invite candidate (n.) -
<KL. kattu (sticks), aigtisiguuunssr cSVJntp alai QeuiLuasn^ vetpdlar
gpL-anL_ muttai (cloth) surusuruppdna, capital (city) (n.) -
^^eu^errerr aluvalulla, call (v.t.); s h o u t - ^emstirssp' thalai-nagar
b u r n (v.t.);heat- Si^ULS\Q\ captive (n.) -
ST/fl eri (6T(fl<sffi, eriH^gi) (Lpiup^iurresT (JJLS)IL., VUL9L1(41) S!f)as@ kaithi
burn (v.i.); glow; be angry - muyarchiyana call on (v.t.), visit - c a p t u r e (v.t.), catch -
ST/fl eri (sirfJiu, eriH^gi) b u t (conj.) - (o)s9:(S5WK U/Tjr senrupdr LSU^ pidi {i3i^.ssi, iSin.^gi)
b u m (v.t.); scorcli - ^ssTiTSO anal (- uwffis, - unf^gi); captmre (n.) -
butter (n.) - Gumuuunpi poy-p-pdr iSlL^^^eo piditthal
be burned (v.i.); be scorched - QeusssTQemiu venney car(t) (n.); vehicle
giu *fy (^lu, ^ili^gi) calm (n.) -
buttermilk (n.) - euemu). vandi
burst (v.t.) - Guorrp' mor ^s^LD^ amaithi care (n.); concern, worry -
Qsuif vedi b u y (v.t.); get; receive - calm (adj.) - aeumso kavalai
(QsU^.<B&<B, Q f i U i f ^ ^ ) eun'isi(g vdhgu ^emLD^lurresr amaithiyana care (v.i.) -
burst (n.) - (cumsyiS, eufrmiSi) calm down (v.i.); obey saj(;inevLiu(S)0^
Qeilis^uq vedippu by, by way of; through ^L^!Sl(gl a4angu kavalaippadutthu
bury (v.t.) - -cgjSb -dl, {^luiim, ^L_B;S))
euLfiiuneo valiydl, camel (n.) - take care (v.i.) -
Lfes)^ puthai tsssussfl kavani
suLftiUfTS valiydga, a^L.(_<Btb ottagam
(L/n^*3!, qen^^gi) Uffi^@su pakkatthil can (aux. v.) -
be buried (v.i.) (LpU^lLjLD mudiyum care (n.), heed -
c c a n ' t (aux. v.) aeussTLD kavanam
bus (n.) - calamity; accident; danger - Qjus^ajrr^ mudiySthu careful (adj.) -
cancel (v.t.) - ssnssiLanetsr kavanamana
<sSlu^l vibatthu, [T^^ Qa^ih ratthu sey carefully (adv.) -
business (n.); trade - SieiiesTLDnsi kavanamaga
^U^1 dbatthu (- Qffdjtu, - Qffiij^)
cancer (n.) - carpenter (n.)
calf (young animal) ^a^<9=sJT thacchan
LlpguGrSfTiu purru-noy
kanru(-k-kutti)

20 21
c a r r y (away) ( v . t ) - cease (hunger, etc.); end - certainly (adv.) - change (coins) (n.) -
G)<5/raJ5r(51 Gurr kondu pd ;f/Hy@ niiigu $imSi) ^soeostnrr) sillarai
(- Surra, - Qunii) kattayaml-aga, change (v.i.) -
celebrate (v.) -
car(t) (n.); v e h i c l e - LarrgiJ mam { i m r p , wnrS!)
G\sinemL_nQ\
GuesTiru}. vandi nicchayaml-aga c h a n g e ( v . t ) ; exchange -
(QarreisrL.n-L., Qxirsisri-insi.)
c e r t a i n t y (n.); necessity - Lorrp^ manu
c a s h (change); paise celebration (n.) -
^evFliULD avasiyam {wrrpp, Lanpe^)
SITSr kasu Q/TSii!iri_mlL_ti> kondattam
certainty; firmness, strength c h a n g e (n.); transformation -
cash (money) (n.) - center; middle
Lonwy^sb maruthal,
usOTTli) panam S-gU^ uruthi
/5(il na4^ (u.),
certainty; c o m p u l s i o n - LDfTippLb marram
caste (n.) - LD^@ matthi(n.),
c h a p t e r (book); authority -
^fT0 jathi /5(5)CoSl/ nadicve (prep.), ailLllTUJLD kattayam
55>/@flFtii alhikaram
cat (n.) - certainty (n.); truth -
rS(tiS)SlsO rmduvil (prep.) c h a r a c t e r (story; play); pot -
yanssr punai j^ffs^iUlh nicchayam
center (as an institution) (n.) - UlT^^fflM patthiram
catch (v.t.); capture - c h a i r (n.) -
emiMiULD maiyam behavior ( c h a r a c t e r ) (n.)
L 5 I 1 4 , pidi (LS1I?., iSttsf.^) rsnipsimsSI narkali
c e n t r a l (adj.) - fBL-^ss)^ nadatthai
cattle (cows, bulls, oxen, c h a i r m a n / p e r s o n (n.); l e a d e r -
55(51 nadu, c h a r a c t e r ; quality; health -
goats & sheep) -
65S!nusi/^ thalaivar
rsQlsyrreu naduvana, (QsmLD gtinam
^ ( J l Loa a4u madu
anLDiULDireisr maiyamana, c h a m p i o n (n.) - charge (v.t); a c c u s e -
cows, bulls, & oxen (only) - e^rrsir viran,
LD^^UJ matthiya (^ppLDffmLQi kurramsatm
LDITQI madu Q^uSluuevsir Jeyippavan
c e n t u r y (n.) (-jm.' I , -ffuilj^.)
goats & sheep (only) - c h a n c e (n.); unexpected event - c h a r g e (fee, fare) (n.) -
^ppneiwQi nurrdndu
=^(4) a4u
c e r e m o n y (n.) sSpQ'SFUJeci tharcheyal SiLLL-SiSTLD kattatuan
cause (n.); r e a s o n -
a=L/Ey(g sadangu, c h a n c e (adj.); accidental - c h a s e (v.t.), pursue -
SfTrrsssTLD karanam
thuratthu
cause (v.t) -
tharcheyalana (g/!r^,^3^^);
sn'P'as!srLDn'(g karanamdgu kondattam
(-=&*, ->S)) by c h a n c e (adv.); accidentally -
c e r t a i n (adj.); definite -
cease (v.i.); become tired ^ p Q f f i u surra thuratthi-c-chel
mL-jmuLDrresT kattayamana,
i^iLl dy (giu, ^lu^si) tharcheyalaga
f^a^a^iULDrresr nicchayamana

22 23
chase (v.); follow - chicken (n.) - chosen (adj.) - city (n.) -
iSlekQ^fTL^ pinthodar (565/n^(<ss(g(^) Q^ifl^ai therintha asffjT ur, rssiXLD nagaram,
kdli(-k-kunju) UL-L-Sarii pattinam
chop ( v . t ) ; c u t -
cheap (adj.) - chief (adj.) - Q a i t l ( 5 ) vettu claim (n.); right, privilege -
LDsSleuaesr malivana (ipaStlu mukkiya. (G)si/ili_, QeniLiq.) a_/fls!ntij urimai
cheapness (n.) - ^emei>es)LDUJiTssr chop (n.); c u t - clap (v.) -
LDeSleij malivu thalaimaiyana. QeuiL(S) vettu es)s; ^ll(51 kai thattu
cheat (v.t.) - (- ^ L J _ , - ^ l l i ^ . )
church (n.); temple -
^LDfrn)^ emarru muthanmaiyana c l a r i t y (n.) -
GarruBA) koyil
child (n.) - Q^efiieif thelivu
R.C. church (n.) -
eiKS^St vanji iSsfToneiT pillai clash (n.) -
Lurf^iT GsnuSleo
child (n.); baby - ffsmesiL- sandai,
maths koyil
cheating (n.) - (gip/Bena; kulanthai GiDrr^eo mdthal
cinema (film); pictore; map -
su^ffssissr vanjanai clash (v.) -
children (pi. n. only) - UL^LD padam,
GLDfTgj mdthu{GwfTii,Gwfj^y,
check (v.t.), examine - us^tiiserr pasahgal 'SlssFlLDfr' sinima
s^eisrisnL^Qurr sandaipodu
uiflGfffT^ parisSthi little ones (n.) circle (n.); region -
(- (Sum-, - QunCj)
ffigHeuif siruvar
SULLL^LD vattam class (n.); kind, sort -
check-up (n.); med. exam chillies, red pepper -
circular (adj.) emia inam
ufilGa'n'^emasr parisothanai lEIerr&imij milagSy
euL-iLorresT vattamana, class (n.); division -
cheer (up someone) (v.t.) - chin (u.) -
eiJ(giLJLj' vaguppu
LoSlLpisSl magilvi GLDfTSXirriLI movay
vattavadivamana classify ( v . t ) ; d i v i d e -
(tofflyiaSaa, iciSl^sS\^i) choice (n.)
circumstance (n.); s i t u a t i o n - eiJ(g vagu
chest (of the body) ( n . ) - Q^preij thervu
^^r^smeo sulnilai (6u(gffi, aj(g^)
Q^(^5r nenju. (Q^/fley therivu)
claw (n.)
LDrr^Lj mdrbu choose ( v . t ) ; elect - suiTound[ing] -
rssLD nagam
chew (v.t.) - G^/7V5(o)i5(5) themthedu
clean (grain, etc.) ( v . t ) -
QLDSO met (-6Tffiffi, - 6 7 ^ ^ ) ; situation (n.); c o n d i t i o n -
aemetr kalai
((D)U)JSU, Qtzjcargu) Gi5/7T5^ themthu [p.p. only] feis)ev nilai

24 25
clean (v.t) - climate (n.) - clothes (n.) - cold (adj.) -
Si^^LD Qfiu suttham sey ^ss)L- adai, (^eflirjnesr kulirana,

(- Qffiuiu, - QffiiHs;); thatpaveppanilai S-(\ULf uduppu (garS/jj5^ kulirntha

climb (v.t.); enter (vehicle) cloud (n.) - very cold (adj.) -
sutthappadutthu exgu eru {^p, ^rgl) GLDSLD megam LEas(ge/rl!TfTe!!T
climb (n.) - cloudy (adj.) - miga-k-kulirana
clean (adj.) - ejrppLD erram LD^^fTrrLDfTesr coUect (v.t.); join, unite -
a^esiiorran) sutt)m(mana) clock (n.); wristwatch - mantharamSna G*(T ser (CSffffffiat, Ga^^^^i)
cleanliness (n.); purity Uj./rirtii kadigaram clown (n.), comedian - coOect (v.t.); gather-
a^^li suttham close (v.t.); shut QsnLDrrefil komali ^TjlL thirattu
morally 'clean' person - fffT^gl satthu {ffiT^^, m coal (charcoal) - (gliTLX., ^jTLUJ.)

^es)L^ adai (-, -^i) collect (v.) -

(uduppu-k- )kari
sutthamdnavar
close (prep.); n e a r - skjLQ) kattu
be clear (v.i.) - coal (mineral) (n.) - (ffijli_, flkili^.);
ilL_ kitta rileosaifl nila-k~kari
effletTlSJ^ vilahgu kudu (IL., ena^.)
(aSsrr/wa, eSmiiiSl) close (v.t.); c o v e r - coalition (n.) - collection (n.); c r o w d -
be clear (v.i.); be certain - ^(51 miulu (opi-, apt?.) suLQl kuffu, ffiilliUD knttam
Qgsiffl theli be closed (v.i.); be covered 5^LLi4.!ns!S!!rci/. kuttinaivu collective (n.); partnership -
(Q^srBiu, Qiserfl/s^) ^l!j.u5)(T5 mudiyiru coast (n.); beach - <9i.ll(5) kuttu
make clear (v.L), clarify - (-g)C5, -^(sm) SL^psiemrr kadarkarai collective (adj.), joint -
closing (n.), clostire; end - cock (rooster) (n.) - shul^L^rresr kuttsna
thelivupadutthu ^LSj-Si^ mudivu Gffeueo seval collectively (adv.), jointly
closed (adj.) - coconut (n.) -
clear (adj.) - QfiLq.Uj mudiya gidLL^rrs kuttaga,
Q^lBJtumu thehgay ak.L^ kuda
Q^isfHeurreisT thelivana cloth (n.); clothes -
coconut tree (n.) college (n.)
clearly (adv.) - jyssisfl thuni
(o}fl;ssrsinsirr(u)fni) seo&^ffi kalluri
Q^siflsu/r thelivaga wear (clothes) (v.) -
thennai(maram)
udutthu colony (n.) -
clarity (n.) - coin (n.) -
Q^fflfflsi/ thelivu SlTOr kasu Sh.ls^u5\(LJLf kadiyiruppu

26 27
color (n.) -
f^pLD niram
comb (n.) -
&ULI slppu
comb (v.) -
ffa/ sivu {Sai, 9sSl)
come (v.i.) -
comedy (n.) -
nagaicchuvai nddagam
comedian (n.)
QarfLoneH kSmali,
sSisnseSl vikadakavi
comic (adj.) -
QsnLDfTe^^^asTLDfTesr
kdmalitthanamdna,
si5)<BL_iD/ri5W vikadamana,
^liiuurresr sirippana
comically (adv.) -
kdmalitthammaga
comicalness (n.) -
komalitthanam
comfort (in life) (n.) -
*Slii sugam
comfortable (adj.) -
SrSLDrrem sugamana
28.
comfortably (adv.) -
S^SLDITS sugamaga
comfort (pleasant state) -
a/ff^@ vasathi
comfortable (adj.) -
euf^iurrssT vasathiyana
comfort (console) (v.t.) -
G^pgU therru (Ggpnj, G^prgf);
^piru arru {^pp, ^psH)
comfort (consolation) (n.) -
^%gll^eO aruthal
comforting (consoling) (adj.) -
^^j^^eurrm SruthalSna
command (n.)
t ^ c ^ o s w drtai
command (v.t.)
^es)<smu5l(St anaiyidu
-g)L.);
siLt_e!nsrru51Qi kattalaiyidu
command (n.)
^^arrrria athigSram
comment (on) (v.) -
eSlerrssiexjenp- ^efH
vUakkavurai all
(- ^aSffiffl, -
coBomerce (n.); trade -
eSlturrurrpTLh viyabaram
committee (n.) -
kulu, ffonu sabai
common (adj.); public; usual - competition (n.); contest -
QuiT^(eiirresr) potliu(vana) GumLln. potti
communicate (v.)
(seythi) thodarbu kol
(- Qanenerr, - Q^iremdl)
companion (n.) -
G^fTLpasT tholan (m.),
G^fT^ thBlJ(f.),
fgeierueir nanban (m.)
companionship (n.) -
G^lTLpemLD tholamai
company (business, industry) - (-Qup, -Qupjfi)
tholir kudam
compare (v.t.); contrast
e^Ul3 oppldu
{^UISL-., ^ULSIL.))
compared to, than -
sjL;Lf(513iffiu5)sb
oppidukaiyil,
e^uiS\iLiaeo oppittal,
aSIl vida
comparison (n.); contrast -
e^uLSQ\
compete (v.i.) -
GumLlS).uSl(S> pottiyidu
{-11-^ -g)L-)
complete (v.L); finish -
(ipi^- mu4i ((tPt9-, Qfiut-^gl)
be completed (v.i.); e n d -
(Lpuf. mudi (gpifi", (ipii^Sl)
complete (adj.)
(Lplq.exinesT mudivdna
completely (adv.) -
(Lp(Lgi^lJD muluthum
be completed (v.i) -
(LpppuQugU murra-p-peru
completely (adv.), entirely -
(tpipgllLh murrum
all(u.)-
(LppgilLD murrum
comproinise (n.) -
samarasa inakkam
compromise (v.) -
samarasa inakkam sey
'go for a compromise' (v.) -
t^^^uGurr otthu-p-po
computation ^n.); accounts -
aismA(g, kanakku
concern (n.); care; worry
dssi/ssisu kavalai
29
concerning; about c o n f i d e n c e ; belief; h o p e - c o n g r a t u l a t i o n ( s ) (n.) c o n s t i t u t e (v.t.) -
un)^ parri rgliiLSIsieins; nambikkai urrrxniL pSrSttu, ^es)LD amal

wliich c o n c e r n s - evrrifi0^ valtthu (,^s!nu)<a:<s, ^Ginw^^)\

c o n f i r m (v.t.) -
unj^uj parriya '^ipuQl^gJ erpadutthu
G]<y(U uruthi sey c o n g r a t u l a t o r y (adj.) -
(-U(S)^iS, -u(Si$^)
c o n c e r t (n.) - (- Qa^iiiiu, - Qa^tiigi) eurrip^^LD valjthum
b e c o n s t i t u t e d (v.i.)
SffGfflfl kaccheri c o n f l i c t (n.) - c o n n e c t (sth.) ( v . t ) ; string
^emLD amal
c o n d e m n (v.t.); a c c u s e - a=essranL- saitdai (beads, etc.) -
c o n f u s i o n (n.) - Q^nQi thodu
c o n s t i t u t i o n ; institotion -
kuiramsattu (^LpuULD kulappam (Q^/r(5i<ffiffi, Q0fT(S)0^)
^emLDUL) amalppu
(- mi' .1 ,, - sFnLis).) c o i m e c t (v.t.) -
c o n f u s e ( o t h e r s ) (v.t.) - c o n s t r u c t (v.t.); constitute -
c o n d e m n (v.t.), s e n t e n c e - S)sff)S53r Inal
(SjLpULI kulappu
^ss)LD amat
i(S!fiuu, yjuLS)
thirppu kuru
get c o n n e c t e d (v.i.), j o i n
(- aiJT), - <Kxff51) b e c o n f u s e d (v.i.) - c o n s t r u c t i o n (n.)
(glfiLDLj kulambu ^smssw Inal
condition (n.); quality; nature - ^es)LDULj amaippu
(oyiLou, tpiitil) (fflsnsranu, 1
c o n s t r u c t (v.t.) -
^sirsjriLD thanmai
confusion; delusion; fainting c o n n e c t i o n (n.) (KLL(51 kattu (fflili-, L.u).)
condition ; state; situation -
LDIUSSLD mayakkam ^S)ns55rsi/ Inalvu
fflfflnci) nilai, c o n s t r u c t i o n (building) -
confuse (v.t); c h a r m - conquer; triumph; succeed - sU-Uf-lLD kattldam
rflaneoanLD nilaimai
LDUJS(g mayakku Qeueo vel c o n t a i n (v.t); control -
c o n d u c t (n.); behavior -
(ujlUffiffi, wiusSf) (Glsususu, fflsucnwu) =gi/z_(g adakku
IBl^es)^ nadatthai,
b e c o n f u s e d (v.i.) - i^i-sa, ^i_S))
c o n s i d e r (v.t.); think
[Sleuts^sanx nadavadikkai
LDtUBl^ mayahgu [ilanasr ninal c o n t e s t (n.); competition
c o n f e r (v.i.) -
(jDensaas, ^anssr^g;); GutTlLl^. potti
c o n g r a t u l a t e (v.L) iof(SSST<oCS)i ennu c o n t i n e n t (n.) -
kalanthu pesu . unrjiriLQi pSrsm (ffTfasaitoOor, STSOTTGlSlrf?) ajswiii kaTidam
(- Gu0, - GuS\) juiriTiri'I , u n j r / r t l i f ) ; consider (v.); think c o n t i n u a l (adj.) -
c o n f e r e n c e (n.) - eurrijp^fftl valtthu
35^ karuthu QsSfTl-.p'S=fflUJITeU
seo^^mhs^ kalanthayvu
thodarcchlydna

30 31
continuation (n.) - cooking (n.) copper (made of) (adj.) cost (n.), price -
Q^au-P'g:^ thodarcchi S^emLDlueo samaiyal QsFULj seppu GiSlsmsD vilai
continue (v.); pursue - cool (temp.) (adj.) - copy (in writing) (v.t.) - cot (n.)
Q^fTi-ff thodar @srflir(/5^) kulirintha)
llt^(sb kattil
pdrtthu eluthu cotton (wool) (n.) -
coolness (n.) -
contract (n.); agreement - (-CTcjp^,- 6I(y)^) U(^a paHju
(gsrSjrCSJDLD) kulir(mai)
(^UU^siLD oppantham copy (n.), duplicate -
couch (n.) -
control (v.t.); contain - cool veater (n.) - /jiSisb nagal
a^rTUjinn'ssnh sayamanam
adakku comer (n.); angle -
pacchai-t-thannir
ftpssisu mulai,
cough (v.i.) -
cool down (v.); calm down -
control (n.) - QsnreniTLD konam l(!S(iP
am ( ^ p , ^ j S )
^^SfTrrLD dthikaram corporation (n.); association; (g)(5">. g)!^)
coolie (daily wage) (n.) -
convenience (n.)", comfort political party cough (n.) -
ifc.siS) k u l i
tSSLp^LD kalagam ^(TgLDSU irumal
eU3=^ vasathi coolie (worker) (n.) - *
convenient; comfortable - correct (adj.); fme; yes - could (aux. v.) -
ai^eStiunea kuiiyal
eVtS^iLirresT vasathiyana fflfl sari, (LpUf.iLlLh mudiyum
co-operate (v.i.)
conveniently (adv.) - 3=rfliufrs>sr sariyana couldn't (aux. v.) -
Sk.^.3=GlffUJ kudicchey
i^ff^iunsi vasathiyaga correct ( v . t ) - (Lplsf.UJrT^ mudiySthu

convention (n.); meeting co-operative (adj.) - iFlfliurrsfg sariyakku count ( v . t ) ; t h i n k -

avLLt_Lo kuttam snaLL^aan kattana (-?(,, - ^ S ) 6Tiss5r@!/ ennu

cook (a meal) (v.t.) - co-operatively (adv.) correct (v.t.) - (ffTSOTrew, ffTcwrcirafl)

ffmiD sainai 9ijL.l!TSi kuttaga ^(!5^1 thirutthu country; inhabited land

(ffsaiU)ia5, x T s n u i ^ ^ ) co-operation (n.) IBrrQl nadu,
correction (n.)
be cooked (y.i.) - asul(5)peiy kamravu Q^ffLD dhesam
^qg^^LD thiruttham
co-operatively (adv.) - couple (n.); pair
correct (adj.) -
cook (n.) - iXl(J)ff3QJ/r6S kutturavaga G^mq. jodi
^Q^^^LDfTssr thiruuhamana
copper (n.); water pot -
courage (n.) -
samaiyalkdrar Qs^LDi-l sembu correctly (adv.) -
em^lfiujLD dhairiyam
^Q^^^lMirm thirutthamaga

32 33
 crazy (adj.); foolish criticize (v.t.) cruelly (adv.) -
courageous (adj) -
(gippLb sarrsisr kurram kan
m^MiULDftesr dhairiyainana
( - (7-6Mr, - asm&y, kodumaiyaga
paitthiyamana
courageously (adv.) - cruelty (n.) -
create (v.t.); effect- OSILDPI^ vimarshi
an^ifliULDrTiS dhairiyamaga
akku (oStog-^ffiffl, O S L D ^ S ) ^ ^ ) G\si!rQ\e>!)LD kodumai
court (of law) ( n . ) - critic (n.) crush (v.t.) -
^^LDSupLD nithimanram (o);5/rffy<s5@
s^einTL^rTSifQ undakku aSli)/r<?ffiSsr vimarshagan nomkku
cover (n.) - (-=?i, -^S*) critical review (n.) - ()^/7gy<s, GjisngumS));
gpt^ mudi create (v.t.) - aSliop'S^esTLh vimarshanam fSariX(g nasukku

cover (v.t.); close- a-essrCpiueisresmi crop(s) (n.) -

g p ( 5 ) mudu {(tpu, ftoif) undupannu uuSiJ- payir be crushed (v.i.) -
crore (ten million) - QrBn^iingi norungu
be covered (v.i.); closed -
creature (n.) - G^fTU}, kodi (QfiiTDimia, QisrrnjjiijSl)
QpiSj-uSlq^ mudiyiru
cross (over) (v.t.) - get crushed (v.i.) -
(-g)C!5. -^KSmi) uyiri(nam} iSi_ kada rBaraj(^ nasuhgu
cow (n.) - crime (n.); f a u l t - (<3;/_ffi, L _ ^ ^ ) ;
( J * pasu @j)/r)Lb kurram (gffUisOffi (Burr cry (v.i.) -
coward (n.) - kurukke po ^(Lp alu i^ip, ^dp^)
criminal (n.) -
GxrTsmLp kolai, (- QUITS;, - Quniij} crying (n.) -
@p/DSU/TS kurravali
uiuaJSiTe/H payangdli crossing (n.); junction ^(Lfiems alugai
criminal (adj.) - cuckoo (n.)
cowardly (adj.) - s^^^LJLj santhippu
(gippOpeiiTerT kiirramulla
crow (n.) - (g,tiSiec kuyil
QsnTanLpiutTssr kolaiySna, crisis (n.) -
srraih kagam, culture (n.) -
^fffQpefTen acchamulla QrBd^s&LS^ nerukkadi
arraema kakkai aeonffmrjLD kalaccharam,
crash down and smash (v.i.) - critical time (n.); emergency - crowd (n.) - uemurrQl panbadu
vilunthu norungu <SfcllL_ii kUttam cultured person (n.) -
nerukkadi nilai
(- Qtsni^ma, - Gl^irgniiiS) cruel (adj.) - usmurretrp' panbalar
critical (adj.) -
craziness (n.); foolishness - Q:XrT(^e<nLDiuiTesT curds (n.) -
anu^^iULD paitthiyam nerukkadiydna kodumaiyana ^ilSiir thayir

34 35
c u r e (v.L) - be d a m a g e d ( v . i . ) , s p o i l e d - date (day) ( n . ) - d e a f (adj.) -
QaQt kedu {Qsi-, QxiL) thethi Qs^eSll^nesr seviddna,
gunappadutthu d a m a g e (v.t.); s p o i l - d a u g h t e r (n,) -
Q6!(51 fed(5)Sl, Qs&0gi) iDerr magal kdthu keldtha
(ffjeswu^rtafffi gunamSkku d e a f p e r s o n (n.)
d a m p (adj.), w e t - d a u g h t e r - i n - l a w (n.) -
( - ^ , -^ffig)) (ol<yffl5)z_/r sevidar
FFlTLDlTesr iramana LD(J^LDSWT marumagal
c u s t o m (n.); h a b i t - [ - i _ 6 i r ( m . ) , -Hi. ( f . ) ] ,
d a m p n e s s (n.), wetness - iaym ( o f day) (v.i.)
euLpAxib (uLpAsLD) FFfTLD iram
sSlu^ vidi (aS^iu, nStjjs^)
valakkam (palakkain) kdthu keldthavar
dance (v.i.); m o v e -
d a T O (n.) - [-susir ( m . ) , -eurfr ( f . ) ]
D =^(5) Sdti ( ^ L . , ^uj.)
eSluj-iueo vidiyal d e a t h (n.) -
d a i l y (adj.) - d a n c e (n.) -
^ L L L L D attam
d a y b r e a k (n.), early m o r n i n g - LarjemiS) maranam
^57 dhina
d a n c e (v.) - e^Uj-iuparremeii vidiyarkdlai d e a t h (n.); f u n e r a l -
d a i l y (adv.) -
rsLSSTLDirQl nadanamddu d a y ( o f the w e e k ) (n.) - ff/rsy sdvu
^a!r(LpLD dhinamum
SiLpemLD kilamai
' d a i l y ' (newspaper) (n.) - (-.'-. -^'4-') d e b a t e (n.) -
d a n g e r ; c a l a m i t y ; accident - d a y ( 2 4 hrs.) (n.) -
eSieiinaiLD vivdthain
^ms=fil dhinasari
^ U 0 ^ abatthu /STsfr nal
d e b a t e (v.) -
d a m (n.) -
d a n g e r (n.) - day after t o m o r r o w -
\^S3)S3!ir(ffia5Ll(5l) eSlsun^ vivathi
/5/ren'S3r3i/j)(g nalanraikku
anai(-k-kattu) ^urriULD abayam
day before yesterday - d e c i d e (v.) -
d a m (v.t.) - d a n g e r o u s (adj.)
(Lpp^rrrsrrefr munthandl ^irUDfTesfl thlrmdni
^ s m s K s r aiLQi anai kattu
(- <SL-I_, - dSL.^.) abayagaramana (^(TU)/TSDfl<s, ^^wrTesfl0i)
(on) t h a t d a y -
damage (n.); i n j u r y d a r k (adj.) ^eir^ anru, d e c i d e d l y (adv.) -

Q<S(5)^sl) keduthal ^qgemi irunda, ^eiranps(g anraikku ^P'LDfTesTLCifTS tklrmanamdga

l i a r i i d i i l (adj.) - ^(TJlllffssr iruttana d e a d (adj.) - decision (in law); j u d g m e n t -
Qa(^^etin'ew keduthalana d a r k n e s s (n.) Qa=^Si settha ^prLDiresTLD thlrmdnam,
h a n n f u l l y (adv.) - ^(TJOT irul, ^ifuq thlrppu,
lifeless (adj.) -
QsQi^eona keduthalaga sq^emLD karumai
a_u5)p" ^ d ) G O / r ^ uyir illatha
g/>t4-Sy mUdivu

36 37
 decisive (adj.) - scarcity (n.); shortage - degree (n.), diploma, honor - be deluded (v.i.) -

LipprTS(Qas)ip parrdkkurai uClLO pattam LDUJlij(g mayangii

thirmanamana,
deficient (adj.) - deity (n.), G o d -
QpLq-euireu mudivdm demand (v.t.) -
^anpeiinasr kuraivdna Qi^iLKSULa dheyvam
declare (v.) - C s f r kel (GffiL., SsC.&)
delay (n.) -
insufficiency (n.) -
^^<sS} arivi ffitTLD^LD thdmatham
denial (n.); p r o t e s t -
(^anrps^ffeo kuraicchal
LOffjyuL/ maruppu
d e l a y e d (adj.) -
deep (adj.) - insufficient (adj.) - denote (v.t.); m a r k -
^ma^LDfTesr thamathamana
^LpLorrssr alamdna delayingly (adv.) - @n5) kuri (si&^gi)
kuraicchaldna,
p r o f o u n d (adj.) - ^nLD^Lonsi thdmathamaga denounce (v.L) -
(gsmpfigj kuraintha
^ip^es dlntha delay (v.L) - (^ppLD'fmLQi kurram-sdttu
insufficiently (adv.) -
the ' d e e p ' (sea, o c e a n ) - (-a^m'.t ., - y m ' iq);

^IpLD dlam thdmatham sey (QppLDSfTeiw kurram-kdn

kuraicchaldga
(- Qa^iiiiu, - Qs^iugi) (-(rsMr, -iSn-)
deer (n.) -
d e f i n i t e (adj.) delay (v.); tarry - d e n y ( v . t ) , disagree w i t h -
LDrrek man
^L-i_61/LL.li(-c^lSw) ^mJD^ thdmathi LOffy maru (u)nj/, uigij^gi)
defeat (n.) -
thittavattam(dna), d e p a r t (v.i.) -
Q^aeoeSl tholvi xsssrujjjun'sisr kandippdna, delegate (n.) - LjipLILlQl purappadu
defeat ( i ncompetition) (v.t.) - aiLirriULDrresr kattSyamana LSIrr^fff^ pirathinithi (L/ptJuL, L/puutlg));
G^fTip^iLq. thorkadi definitely (adv.) - delegation (n.) - Gurr po ((Surrs, Gurtdj)
( S ^ i r p a s i f ffi, CS0iTpaui.0gi) sessruf-uurrs; ^im(g(Lp dhuthukkulu department (n.); s e c t o r -
defend (v.t.) - kandippaga, delight (lu); happiness ^einp thurai
mrruufrn)^ kappdrru ^skutM inbam depend o n (v.) -
(siTUUirprp, amJuiTpiSiy, kattayam(aga) S'trp' sar {mir, a^nd^gi)
delusion; confusion; fainting -
suTQjeo QiFtu kaval sey definiteness (n.); certainty - d e p e n d e n t (adj.) -
UXUffiStb mayakkam
(- G}ffiuiu, - Qffdi^)
aiLL^rriULD kattdyam delude (v.t); charm arrpi^s^ sdmtha
deficit (n.) - d e p e n d e n t (n.) -
d e g r e e (stage, level) (n.) Li)UJS(g mayakku
^anrp{sif) kurai(vu) Ut4- padi s^n^^^euesT sdmthavan

38 39
 destroy (v.t.) die (v.i.) -
deplore (v.t.) - design (n.); plan -
^if all {^iflas, ^ifl0Si) ira (g)!Dffi, g ) p 0 ^ )
@LLL_UD thittam
varuttham therivi be destroyed (v.i.) die (w/ ref. to animals) (v.i.) -
design (v.t.); plan -
(- ffl^Maa, - Q^iHsSI^) all i^ifltu, ^if^gi)
^L-ILB thittamidu
deposit (n.); advance destruction (n.) - die(v.)-
(-g)t_, - g ) L . 0 ) Qff^^ Qurr setthu po
QpasTuemLD mun-panam ^ifleij aljvu
desire (n.); eagerness - (- GuiTs, - Gurriii)
depth (n.) - detaU(s) (n.); amplification-
^fflnff asai, differ (v.i.); be different-
c^Lpii Slam aSsujTU) vivaram GeiJgUuQi verupadu
eSl(r^uULD viruppam
descend from (v.i.); get down d e t e r m i n a t i o n (n.); firmness
- desirable (adj.) -
^(pai(S irangu s^giJ^ uruthi difference (n.) -
^es)ffiunstsr asaiyana, develop (v.i.); evolve - GajgyL//r(5) verupadu
(g)fD(5/ffi, gjjDiugl)
eSlq^LJULarresc viruppamana ipu(St erpadu difference (n.) -
descend (v.i.); become humble -
passionately (adv.) - (Scupffj/fflnLD verrumai
^fryi thai (^(Ttp, fiiTjf^)
^ms^iutra asaiyaga develop (v.t.) - different (adj.) -
descent (n.) - desire (aux. v.); want; need - erpuQl^g] erpadutthu G s w y veru
^psxiJD irakkam (Seuemt^Lb vendum (.^puSi0fi, ?r|pu^@)
differentiate (v.) -
describe (v.t.) - don't desire, don't need development (production) -
aSsu/fl vivarl GeuessTL^fTLD vendam aupu^^ urpatthi verupadutthu
(eSlojiflma, ^aifH^gi) desired (thing) (n.) - d e v e l o p m e n t (growth) (n.) - (-u0^s, - u ^ )
description (n.) - eS](t^LDi3uj {Qurrq^efr) evLpprff^ valarcchi difficult (adj.) -
eSleuflLD vivaram virumbiya (porul), device (implement, instrument) aUf-esTLDiresr kadinamana,
informative (adj.) - S(QeSi karuvi xet^l^LDlTesr kashtamdna
vendiya( thu) device (trick, strategem) - difficulty (n.); trouble -
eSleuiXLDrTeisr vivaramana
desist (v.i.); cease - tt/a;^ yukthi SLSf-esriJa kadinam,
informatively (adv.)
siS)(5) vidu (aS)i_, OSLSI) d e w (n.); fog; mist sei^Lia kashtam
eSieiirjLDrTS vivaramaga
desk (small); t a b l e - Ussfl pani dig (v.t.) -
desert (n.) -
d i c t i o n a r y (n.) G^fTeisrQt thondu
un'!nsu(sus3TU))
mesai (mejai) ^sp'fT^ agaradhi (G^/rsrari_, G^nessru).)
palai(vanam}

41
40
 dinner (party) - disappoint (v.t.) - dive (v.i.), submerge; drown -
dispute (v.i.) -
e&q^^^ virunthu sjLD/r/Dnj; Smdrru eSleurr^ vivdthi mulgu {fifiifis, (tpifiSi)
direct (v.t); manage - (,^LD/Tipp, STLDirprgl)
dive (n.); emersion -
rBl^! nadatthu disappointment (n.) - distance (n.) - (Lp(LpS(^ mulukku
(^LDfTppLh emarram ^p'LD dhuram, divide (v.t.); separate-
direct (adj.) - disappointing (adj.) - Q^rTsmeoeij tholaivu iSlfl piri (5)rfiffi, iS/i)^^)
Qlsi^lU neriya ^LDfTppLDfTew emarramana distant (adj.); f a r - be separated (v.i.); depart-
directly (adv.) - disappointingly (adv.) - ^[TLDfTssr dhuramana, LS/A piri {iSifluj, iSli^pgi)
GfsGp' nere
^LdfrppLDrrs emdrramaga Q^fTsnewsufrsw tholaivana
direction (compass) (n.) - division (n.)
discover (v.t.); i n v e n t - distribution (n.) - iSlfleij pirivu
^ < 5 @ dhikku,
semQilSlUf. kandupidi divide (v.t.); classify -
^es)s: thisai pagirntiialitthal, iSK@ vagu (sucgaa, ffu^^)
dirt (n.) - discovery (a.); invention - uiijS(St pangidu division (n.); class
^a^^LD asuttham XSSSrQlLSIuj.LJLI district (n.) eu^uLj vaguppu
dirfy (adj.) - kandupidippu LDrrajC-lLD mavattam
division (n.); p o r t i o n -
^a^^LDiresr asutthamana disease (n.); illness - disturb (incovenience) (v.t.) - eumsi vagai
dirt; dirty laundry - (5/5/nu noy SU65(S5 kalakku divine (holy); ' M r . ' -
alukku (ffiSOffiffi, 6 U S )
dismiss (v.t.) - ^ ( 5 thiru
dirty (adj.) - disturbance (inconvenience) - do (v.t.) -
/f<S@ nlkku (jfAs,/?)
^(tpssffsw alukkana Q^rr/B^jTisy thontharavu Qa^iu sey (Q*iuiu, Q^iugi)
dismiss f r o m service (v.) - disturbance (psychol.) -
disappear (v.i.); be hidden - do (v.t.); make -
LDsmp marai velaiyilirunthu nlkku asuffiiBtb kalakkam U S W ^ U pannu
(- /^, - ^ai^) disturbed (adj.); confused- (usrarswr, uasreanfl)
make disappear (v.t); hide - disposition (n.); nature - SGtiadlMrrasT kalakkamSna doctor (med.) (n.) -
^Ujpes)S iyarkai, LDQ^^^exjp' marutthuvar
Loemp marai anxiously (adv.) -
docimient (n.) -
(wempss, iiiBnip^gi) Lassrs'mp'Ll manaccharbu sieoaiawaa kalakkamaga
u^^rrih patthiram
disappearance (n.) - dispute (n.); debate - be disturbed (v.i.); be stirred -
LDonpeij maraivu dog (n.) -
sSleurreiLD vivdtliam 6 5 S U ( S J @ kalahgu
rsmu nay

42 43
 doU (n.) - drama (n.), play - dry (by wiping) (v.t.) - eagerness (n.) -
Qumhes)LD bommai g]sS)L- thudal ^sjiic asai
Ism^SLD nadagam
donkey (n.) - dream (n.) - (^ini_, eagerly (adv.) -
S(Lges)^ kaluthai acsrsy kanavu duck (n.) - ^es]ffiun:s; asaiyaga

door (n.) - d r i n k (v.t.) - <^a^l vatthu ear (n.) -

a^eij kathavu g5t^ kudi ((5^.ffi, gii;.^^) during, while - arrgil kathu
drive (a vehicle) (v.t.) - earring (n.) -
doorway; entrance; gateway - neratthinidaiye,
Qff&il0^ seliitthu exianefTiULD valaiyam
eunsfeo vasal aga,
ear ornament (n.) -
dot (n.); spot; p o i n t - drive (vehicle, boat, animals) - rseiniQu^LDQufTQ^^
Sin^emfl kathani
nadaiperumpoluthu
911(51 OttU ( 9 L . 1 _ , glltlf.) . ear stud (n.) -
doubt (n.) - dust (n.) -
driver (of a vehicle) (n.) - asiiLDSU kammal,
ffijGssffili santhegam ^ffl thusi
gL.(5)swp- ottunar G^n-(51 thodu
doubt (v.i.) - dusty (adj.) -
drop (n.); particle - uu^^ thusi padintha early (before time) (adv.) -
santhegappadu QfffTL-Qi sottu (tpewssTas/TcSsGsi/
drown, die by drowning duty (n.); obligation - munnathagave,
(-L/i_, -utLQi)
doubt (v.t.) - mulgu
^aSltXinns slkkiramaga

ff^Q^Sl santhegi (aDy>. aotfiS)); kadamai early (beginning time) (adv.) -

SPyj mulgu ira E
(- - each (adj.) ^ dramba-kalathiya
doubtful (adj.) -
e^ajQeiHT(i^ ovvoru early (adv.) -
ffjsG^tSLO/Tsar santhSgamana dry (v.i.); wither; become hot -
SfTtu kay {^aniu, arnu^gi) one by one (persons) (pron.) Grs[r^G^fT(S\
doubtfully (adv.) -
d r y (v.t.) - s^suQeun^f^eui! ovvoruvar (Lp^^iu munthiya,
ff^Q^enLDn'S santhegamaga
aintuesvsu kayavai one by one (things) (adv.) -
dove (n.), pigeon - athi-kalaiyil (in early mom)
qjDfr pura d r y (adj.), dried - ovvonrdga earn (v.t.) -
drag (v.t.); p u l l - SfTiii^^ kayntha, eager (adj.) fflhun^ sambathi
g)(y) ilu (g)(ai, ^(<0m) 0[nBisoeoiT^ iramillatha ^eineFiUITesr dsaiydna

44 45
earnings (n.) - eat (snack) (v.); & of animals - eightieth (n. or adj.) -
efDciently (adv.); neatly -
^ S 3 T thin (gJOTsar, ^sirgij) ^paniDtunai thiramaiyaga
sambatthiyam, eat (v.); drink- enbathavathu,
ffLDUevih S-SSSr un (a_inrsirar, !i.^(i)
effort (n.); perseverence --
(Lfiiurrp^ muyarchi wremu^nin enbatham (adj.)
sambalatn economic (thrifty or brief) - either (conj.) -
earth (soil) (n.) - ^SySsmmxei! sikkanamana effortless (adj.) -
ex^rraj^ ethavathu
LDsm man, economically (thriftily, briefly) 3i<scULa[TeT sulabamana
'either of them'
lilsOLD nilam (ground) ^iSiSGsrLDn'iS sikkanamaga effortlessly (adv.) -
^si/0-<ssBsu lurrirrTeu^
earth (planet) (n.) - economize (v.) - 3MULDfT<X sulabamaga
avargalil yaravathu
yii) bumi, egg (chicken's) (n.) - 'Either he or I will go." -
sikkanappadutthu (LpiLanL- muttai
a_si)i5Lb ulagam

ease (n.); easiness - eggplant (brinjal) (n.) - iBnQswn (SunQeiimh.

economy (thrift or brevity) -
s^^i^dSfTiij katthirikkay avard allathu nana povom.
*2UUti sulabam ^saasTLB sikkanam
eight (n. or adj.) - eldest (son, daughter) (adj.) -
easy (adj.); easier- edge (n.); s i d e -
^^^5 mUttha
SriSiiULDnem sulabamana e^CTLD Oram
STL.(5l ettu
elect (v.L); select; choose
easily (adv.) - eighth (n. or adj.) -
editor (n.); author; teacher- (3^(7750^5(51 thernthedu
ffrSVULDfT^S sulobamSga
asiriyar
'^iLirreugj ettavathu, (-6T(i)ffi, -eT(Sl0gl)
east(n.), the east- educate (v.t.) - S T L L I Z T L O ettam (adj. only) election (n.)
SlLpa(g kilakku eighteen (n. or adj.) - Q^Cr^eo
aeoeSliusfh kalviyali therthal
eastern (adj.) - L/^QiSiI7il(5) electricity (n.) -
gy) kil, education; learning; study - pathinem LSlasris^nrTLD) min(saram)
asoeSl kalvi eighteenth (n. or adj.) elephant (n.)
kilakku samtha effect (v.t.); make; create - QasTLLi^tTeij0 lUITisnesr yanai
to/in the east - akku (,^, ^) pathinettavathu, eleven -
S)g)(5<B kilakke effect (n.); produce; gain -
eat (have a meal) (v.) - ueuesT palan
pathinettam (adj. only) pathinonrii (n.),

ffrruiSiQi sSppidu efficient (adj.) - eighty (n. or adj.)

^fpeminiqefrefT thiramaiyulla sremu^ enbathu pathindr(u) (adj.)

46 47
eleventh ( n . o r adj.) - emptiness (n.); b l a n k - make enter (v.L); poke -
e n g i n e (n.) -
Qsi/gyssiLD verumai ^eiriLp nulai
lU^^rriM yanthiram
pathinoravathu, e m p t y ( a d j . ) ; mere - e n j o y (v.t.) - (giesiLpss,

pathinoram (adj. o n l y )
QeuguanLDiurresr [T^ rasi (jjSsa, n^^gi); e n t e r (v.) -
verumaiyana,
4 P^S^ i-im)
else (different) (adj.) - Q s L w y i i i verum
(inborn) anubavi e n t e r (a v e h i c l e ) ( v . ) ; ascend -
QstJ(t^ veru e n d ( n . ) ; last; final -
SJgU eru (5m), ^rji))
elsewhere (adv.) - iBSJf)L-ffl. kadaisi e n j o y m e n t (n.) -
e n t h u s i a s m (n.)
e n d (come to an end) ( v . i . ) - ^ C T j / u s i / i i ) anubavam,
veru engenum (J-pis^ mudi ff^G^rreifLO santhosham
,^j^ffLlLD arvam,
e m b a r r a s s i n g (adj.);
e n j o y a b l e (adj.) - S-pmsih urchagam
troublesome - end (n.); d e c i s i o n -
entire (adj.); w h o l e -
ffliiaiLDrfenT sahgadamana Qpis^Sij mudivu santhdshamana
( i p ( y ) mulu, ^Sieo akila,
e m b a r r a s s m e n t ( n . ) ; trouble - e n d u r e ( v . i . ) ; sustain - e n m i t y (n.)
(Lp(LglLDITSST
ffsilSL^LD sahgadam ' fini5](Q thangu uems pagai,
muluthumana
emerge ( v . i . ) ; get u p ; a w a k e - sSiQrXT^LD virdtham
endure (v.t.); wait entrance; doorway, gateway -
e n o u g h ; sufficiency (n.) -
<oT(L^ elu (ertp, ^(Lg^gl) si;/r<ysu vasal
QufTgi] poru Qurr^ia pothum,
emergency ( n . ) ; h u r r y , haste - e n v i r o n m e n t (n.) -
^euffp'LO avasaram e n e m y (n.) - poihumanathu ( ^ s j n t p sulai
e m o t i o n (n.) S T ^ / f l ethiri, e n o u g h (adj.); sufficient e n v y (n.); j e a l o u s y
io7^ir/rs>S ethirali GufT^LDfTew pothumana QunipnmLD poramai
manavelucchi,
energy (n.); power n o t e n o u g h ; i n s u f f i c i e n c y (n.) e q u a l i t y ( n . ) ; evenness -
manakkilarcchi shakthi GurrfilT} pothathu s^LDLD samam
e m p l o y (v.) - enter (v.) e q u a l (adj.) -
enforce (v.t)
GexianeouSlec ^LD^0^ ^es)Lfi nalai 5=LD sama,
velaiyil amartthu kattayappadutthu ffLDLdirasT samamana
(- ^usi^, - ^m^) S-shQerT Gun ulle po e q u a l l y (adv.)
(- QUITS, - Qurtiii) 3=LDLDrTai samamaga

48 49
 evenness (n.); equality - e v i d e n t (adj.) -
equalize ( v . t ) ; m a k e equal - establish ( v . t ) ; i n s t a l l -
ffLULD samam Q^e/Hexjrrmr thelivana
ffLDLDn'S(g samamdkku rsmL(S) nam
e v e n t (n.) - e v i l (n.); h a r m -
(jsm'.i_, rgrriljj).)
s=LDUeuLD sambavam, ^ss)LD thlmai,
equal (v.); resemble - establishment, organization
/^ffiipff^ nigalcchi QsiQi^eO keduthal
^emLDLJLj amaippu
e v e r (adv.) - e v i l (adj..); h a r m f u l -
equal (adj.) - e s t i m a t e (v.t.) -
eruGun^LD eppothum, QesQl^eoiTSST keduthalana,
'S^UUrresT oppana (X)@ mathi
loT&sTenipsiiQLCi enraikkum ^lu thiya [before nouns]
equally (adv.) -
e v e r l a s t i n g (adj.) - e v o l v e ( v . i . ) ; b e g i n t o exist -
e^ULma oppaga IM^ULSQ) mathippidu
e q u i p m e n t (n.) - (-i)'-. -g)il) <SXpu(S) erpadu
nirantharamana
&.usp-emLD upakaranam e s t i m a t i o n (n.); value -
e v e r y (adj.) - e v o l v e (v.t.); create; cause
era (n.); season; t i m e - LD^uq mathippu,
^sijQeL/n'(f5 ovvoru G^rriT)gi]e& thormvi
eatreoLn kalam LD^ULSQt mathippidu
e v e r y o n e (pron.) - {Q^fTpiT^sSl&s^, G^/r/f)gyo5}^^)
escape (n.) - e v e n (equal) (adj.); s m o o t h -
STSuGsufr(75ti) ellSrum, e x a c t (adj.) -
s^UiSl^sseo thappitthal, ePLDLDrrsnT samamana
s^ajQe)jrr(i^e)j(uy ffl^iturresr) sariiyana)
ULl sgL_fib thappu odal e v e n (adv.); also -
ovvoruvarum e x a c t l y (adv.) -
escape (v.) - a s u _ kii4a, -P I'n -urn
e v e r y t h i n g (pron.) - 3=iflujn'3; sariydga
^ULl thappu e v e n t h o u g h (conj.)
sTsbsu/rii elldm, e x a m i n a t i o n (educational) -
{0UU, ^uiS);
^asTrroilLD analum ^si/Qsiy/rssTgy/i ovvonrum G^/JSI/ thervu
BULS thappi
(^uiSss, ^IJLSI^);
e v e n t h e n , nevertheless e v e r y w h e r e (adv.); wherever - e x a m i n e ( v . ) ; investigate -
eTeJrprreoiLD enralum Tffi/(gib ehgum, ^[rrnu srsy
thappi(tthu) odu eriilGxiLjli} engeyum,
e v e n i n g ( 4 p . m . t i l l dark) - e x a m i n e ( m e d . lab.) (v.)
(- g L , - g q . ) ^ISJStEjQa angange UlflGfflT^ parisothi
muj!S]STTS0ls> sayahgalam
especial (adj.); i m p o r t a n t - e v i d e n c e (n.) - (ufflGffrrgffiffi, ui^Gffn^0gi)
(LpsS}uJLDfTeu mukkiyamana e v e n i n g (general) - OTSSWU sanru, e x a i n i n e r (n.) -
especially (adv.), specially - s^fTiLl^^p'LD sayanthiram miL&\ Uffi(3a^/T^/r parisothagar
(LpeSliULDfTS mukkiyamaga e v e n i n g ; garland, n e c k l a c e -

inrretneo mdlai
51
50
e x a m i a a t i o n (med. lab.) (n.) - e x c i t e m e n t (n.) - e x h i b i t ( i o n ) (n.) - e x p a n d ( v . i . ) ; open; e x t e n d -
uiWSffrr^aneisr parisothanai S)efTpr3:^ kijarcchi seisramL^ kangatchi aSli^ viri
excel ( v . ) ; be distinguished - excite (v.t.); motivate - (a5)/fliu, Q5)*(5sy)
exist ( v . i . ) -
fflp sira Slp^) nem(Si thlindu expect ( v . t ) ; wait f o r -
excellence (n.) - sil/ry)^@(25 valnthiru ST^/TUnvr ethirpar
Stn)Ui-f sirappu excitement (n.); motivation -
(-g)C5ffi, -^is^si);
excellent (adj.) -
^em(S>ss<so thuiiduthal e x p e n d i t u r e (n.), e x p e n s e -
s^em undu (pred.)
excuse (n.) -
^p^^ sirantha, e x i t (n.) -
uyeiresfllJLi mannippu selavu,
^ptllUfTssr sirappana
excuse ( v . t . ) ; f o r g i v e -
excellently (adv.) - (veliyS pogum) vali
LDSsrssfl manni panacchelavu
SlpiJurra sirappaga e x p a n d (v.) -
experience (n.); enjoyment
except; besides - Q5)/fla;/r<E(g virivakku
execute (carry out) (v.t.) -
^eS\r! thavira (-^ffi, -^aQ)
Qffiueorrp^ seyalanu anubavam
excess ( n , ) ; r e m a i n d e r - (-^pp, -^a.pjS') e x p a n s i v e (adj.) -
e x p e r i e n c e d (adj.) -
^@U) athigam, execute ( k i l l ) (v.t.) - sSlftteuiresT virivana
LS^ mithi Q/rsb kol e x p a n s i v e l y (adv.) - anubavamulla
exchange (v.t.) - (QxrraJeo, QaitresTt^) aSliflojrrsi virivaga e x p e r i e n c e ( v . i . ) ; feel
h a n g ( & thus e x e c u t e ) (v.t.)
e x p a n d (v.t.); s p r e a d - uQi padu
pariindrikkol ^S.SisS\Qi thukkilidu urfULj parappu
i-Q^nskerr, -Q/rsMT(5));
^es)lueS} anubavi
LOlTip^ inarm ^s^GoGurrQl thukkilpddu
e x p a n s e (n.) - (cS^gyuaSaat, ^^ueSl^gi)
{-Gum-, -GuiTtL(Si)
exchange ( v . t ) ; serve ( f o o d ) - Uljiji^ parappu e x p e r i m e n t (n.)
exercise (n.); t r a i n i n g -
ui^LDiTtrj parimaru UuSlpSl payirchi expand (v.i.); multiply
(u/Sto/rj), uiHwaifi) Qu(r^(g perugu parisothanai
e x h i b i t (v.L) -
exchange (n.) - ( Q u o * , )u(gS)) e x p e r i m e n t (v.) -
ainsisnSl kanbi
u/i?LDnp/DLb parimarram expand (v.t); increase-
{sifressriSlmsi, mn^iSt^^y,
excite ( v . t . ) , p r o v o k e - Qu(i}a(g perukku parisothanai seythu par
satLQ\
(- unfiaa, - urrpr^gj)
S\<StTQ} kilaru {ISimp, SimnSI) (am',/ ., <g;m'77.)

52 53
expert (n.) - express (fast) (adj.) - external (adj.); foreign -
rilLjsm^ nipunar fact (n.) -
eSletniJisif viraivu, Qexis/HiUfTesr veliydna,
expertise (n.) - QevsfflULjp velippura nadanthakariyam,
^Liem^^ojLD sSlemcreun'esr viraivdna the external, outside (n.) - s_essres)LD
nipunatthuvam, quickly (adv.) - Qoje/H veli unmai
eSlwrreurra I eSlsjnp-aSliAi extra, as much as possible factory (n.)
^pas)Ln thiramai
expert (adj.) - viraivaga I viraivil ^ @ < 9 5athiga, thdlirch&lai
^panLDiUiran' thiramaiyana extend (v.t.) - LEleinstufTear faa(v.i.)-
ex-pertiy (adv.) - ^il(jl nittu {$tLi-, ^Cisj.) migaiydna ^sygU thavaru
extend (time) (v.i.); last- extreme (adj.)
^pas)UMJ[TS thiramaiySga ^ ^ < B athiga,
explain (v.t.) - $LS\. nidi (if^.dEffi,/fi^j.^^) failure (n.)
LSleosi migai,
oSlsffffiQ vilakhi extension (of service, etc.) - miguntha Seu0^eo thavaruthal
(G)5l6ir<s, 6i5?GrrS)) ^Uf-ULj n'ldippu eye (n.) - mistake (n.), error
explanation (n.) - Siem kan assuffjy thavaru
aSlsffasffizi vilakkam, extend (v.t.); expand -
eSlerra(3j6ieb vilakkuthal Sl5)ffl viri (fflS)(f)ffi, aSlffi^^) eyebrow (n.) - mistaken (adj.)
explode (v.) - extend to (v.i.); expand- ^eurpaem thavardna
siS)rf5 viri (eSliHiu, sSlifl^gi) kan buritvam mistakenly (adv.) -
QexJLq. vedi
explore (new territory) (v.t.) - extensive (adj.); expansive - F ^euprrs thavardga
uiuemLD Qfftu^ ^fl5) aSllftexirresr virivana faint (v.i.) -
payanam seythu ari extensively; expansively - face (n.); mouth (of river) - mayangi vilu
(- ^tiSlas, - ^fSlmi) oS/flsun"* virivdga (LpaiM mugam (- oSyj, - eS](ig^si)
explore (v.t); investigate - extensiveness (n.); expansion facility (n.); convenience - fainting (n.); confusion -
(3^i4.urTir thedipSr oSfflo/ virivu LDluAaiLh mayakkam,
extent (n.); expanse - sns^^ vasathi
express (one's feelings) facile (adj.), easy LDUJISjSllSlSI(Lp^ed
Qexie/HsxmLQ] velilckam uriULf parappu mayahgiviluthal
{-am' , -am" ii;.) extent (n.); limit; amount; eus^^iu[rem vasathiyana fair (honest, etc.) (adj.) -
measiure
I
with facility (adv.), easily - GrspremLDiutresT nermaiyana
cjysiTa/ alavu
eus'^iurrs vasthiydga
54
55
 fairness (n.) -
GfSiranLD nermai
fair (moderate) (adj.) -
s-ixfrp'frs sumardga
fair (beautiful) (adj.) -
^LpsrresT alagana
faith; belief; confidence fame (n.) -
fSLDLSsans; nambikkai
faithful (adj.)-
^iMiSaecia a_srrsyr
nambikkai ulla,
rsLodlsesisiLirrssr
nambikkaiydna
faithfiilly (adv.) -
nambikkaiyaga
fall(v.i.)-
Q5!(y) vilu
(a5)ip, eSI(i^gi)
faBen (adj.)
eSl(Lp^sS viluntha
false (adj.) -
QuiTiuiunest poyyana
falsely (adv.) -
Qumuiurrs; poyySga
falsehood (n.) -
QuaiLi poy
liar (n.) -
Qunihium poyym
56
deception (n.) - farm (v.) - grow fat (v.i.) -
QurreSl psli Uiz5)/fl(51 payiridu QarrcLp kolu
false (adj.), deceptive - (-g)L, -g)L.0)
QurreSiiunem poliyana corpulence (n.)
falsely (adv.), deceptively - farmer (n.) -
e)5}aja=nuS} vivasdyi Q<ffi/7(i^(JL/ koluppu
GurreSliufTS poUySga farmhand (n.) fate (n.) -
usraranswiu/Tfifr ffl5J^ vithi
L-j'X^ pugal pannaiydl father (n.) -
famous (adj.) - farming (n.), agriculture ^UUlT appa,
q&(L^metT pugalulla, GeuemrsiwsinLD velanmal, ^/Ssnss thanthai
LfSipQupp pugalperra aSfaja^rriLiLb vivasdyam father-in-law (n.) -
famously (adv.) - farther, beyond; moreover - LDiTLDSirrrp' mdmanSr
LjSLpfTiS pugalaga
^ULjtpLD appuram fault (n.); crime -
family (n.) - beyond (in space) (gp(OLb kurram
(^QlLDULD kudumbam ^ULjpiSs appuram,
fault (n.); mistake -
fan (electric & hand) (n.) - ^uunso appdl thavaru
eSl^n^l visiri farthest (adj.) -
far (distance) (n.) - c5SS)l_^iun'Gsr kadaisiyana, fault (n.); blame; revenge -
UL^ pali
glTCnJD dhuram LSS'SXJLD gJJflLCirTSST
find fault (v.t.); blame -
far (adj.) - migavum dhuramana Uifl pali (uyBffiffi, uL^$i)
fast- fear (n.) -
^pTLorresr dhuramSna
so far (tUl now) - QeilSLOfTew vegamana (adj.), uiULO payam,
slkkiramlsikkiramaga (adv.) ^s=ffLD accham
euemrr
ithu varai fasten (v.t.); bind; build - fear (v.i.); be afraid -
fare (n.); f e e - LL(51 katta {aiLi-, sCuf.) uiUuuQi payappadu
(SSLLt-SssTLb kattanam fat (adj.) - (-ui_, -uu.(Jl);
farm (n.) sem^^ ganattha, anju
uemes)em pannai (^*, =s^(gS)
Q&nqgs,^ koluttha
57
f e a r f u l (adj.) - feet ( p i . ) - f e w (adj.) - fifth (n. o r adj.) -

utuiBjaiprmiTarr urr^isi<serr pathahgal ^su sila g/H^/rsii^ ainthdvathu,

payangaramdna foot (sing.) - a f e w (persons) - ^^^fTLD ainthdm (adj. only)

f e a r f u l l y (adv.) - UfTSSLD patham silar, fifty (n. or adj.) -

uiuaisirTLDrrei f e m a l e (n.); w o m a n - fflsuGu/j" silaper ^LDU^ aimbathu
payangaramdga
QL/CW pen a f e w (things) - fiftieth (n. o r adj.) -
fearless (adj.) - f e m i n i n e (adj.) - ^LOU^neu^ aimbatliavathu,
UlULSeoeoats payamillatha, QusssremLDiufTesr
silaporulgal ^LDU^mh aimbathdm (adj.)
^(^fffT^ anj'atha penmaijana field (esp. p a d d y field) -
fight (n.); quarrel -
fearlessly (adv.) - f e m i n i n i t y (n.) - a/iusb vayal
ffsmemL^ sandai
^l^ffrTLDeo anjamal QuessremLO penmai fierce (adj.) -
fight (V.)-
f e m i n i n e g e n d e r (n.) - QsnTLs^iu kodiya, o^emsmL^uSIQ) sandaiyidu
fearlessness (n.) -
Qusmurreo penbal
uiufaiscTLDiTesr
^(^s=rranLD anjamai
payangaramdna ff(smes)L^ QsFUJ santiai sey
fence (n.) -
feast (n.); f o o d f o r guests - (- Qffiijiu, - Qffiu^)
fiercely (adv.) -
QojeSi veil
eSlq^^^ virunthu
f e r t i l e (adj.) - uujmsirjLnnai figvure (n.); f o r m -
fee (n.); fare - s^(eiJLD uruvam,
enefT^LDfrear valarmana payangaramdga
ffiLLsuKTLO kattanam
fierce n a t u r e (n.)
gp!r^@ murtthi
f e r t i l i t y (n.) -
feed (v.L) - uiuriiap'LD fiU(v.t.)-
euemb valam
. s w a / ^ s r S unavu ali payangaram rUffULf nirappu
festival (n.); celebration -
(- ^sSlsia, - ^s^^gi) fifteen (n. o r adj.) -
sSliprr Vila
f^emp nirai
feed (animals) (v.i.); s n a c k -
religious festival (n.) - pathinainthu Q^cinp<s, / ^ c s i p ^ ^ )
^sar thin (glsSror, g d r n ] / )
^(aSlLprT thiruvild fifteenth (n. o r adj.) - fill (v.i.) -
feel (v.i.); realize; recognize -
&.em^ unar f e v e r (n.) - r^rrthq nirambu

(a.srarjr, s-essrffpgi) xaUJS'SFei) kaycchal, pathinainthavathu, (jgldwu, iglpiiiiSI)

filth (n.); dirty laundry -
feeling(s), sensation(s) -
s^emffffS) unarcchi juram Q'oram) pathinainthdm (adj. only) ^ ( t p ( g alukku

58 59
 dirtiness (n.) - fine (o.k.); correct (adj.) - first (adj.) - flatness (n.), smoothness
^Si^^LD asutlham fffttiurTSST sariydna (Lp^eOfTLD muthalam ^Ces)L- thattai,
dirty (adj.) - fine (detailed) (adj.); b e s t - fish (n.) - SFLD^etTLD samathalam
^m-05LDrrew asutthamana, S3/5^ siranthu u?sJr m m flavor (n.); t a s t e -
^(tgaanesr alukkana finger (n.); t o e - fisherman (n.) - aKsneu suvai, (f^& rusi
dirtily (adv.) - sS\ueo viral iSmajp' minavar flaw (n.); l a c k -
^^^U)/r<S asutthamaga, finger (n.) - fishing-boat (n.) - (S,SS)p{un(Si) kurai(padu)
^(L^asfTS alukkSga ernsi a51fT<A> kai viral iSeir iSluj. U ( _ ( g flee (v.i.), run away -
final (n.); last; end - finish (v.i.); come to an end - mm pldi padagu (^Uf-uGufT odippo
<KanL_S kadaisi (Lfiis^ mudi ((Lpui.iu, (Lpuj-^gi) (-Guira, -GuiTili)
finish (v.t.); complete - fishing-net (n.) - flesh (n.); m e a t -
final (adj.) -
iSSsiLffliufrsisr kadaisiySna (tptif, mudi ((yii4.ffi, (ipu).^^) LSOST LSILS^. evansD ^iSDir# iraicchi
finally (adv.) - finished (adj.); completed - minpidi valai float (v.i.) -
(LpLSj-eurrsur mudivSna, five (n. or adj.) - LEI^ mitha (iflas**, i&es^gi)
sonL-ffliurra kadaisiydga, (LfiU)^^ mudintha
3;i!)L_S)u5leo kadaisiyit . gi/5as/ ainthu float (v.t.) -
fire (n.) - LB^A'X snev mithakka vai
finance (n.); fund; treasure- Qrs(f^uq neruppu, ^ ihi fix (arrange) (v.t.) - (- saisusffi, - Hnoj^g/)
fS}^ nidhi firewood (n.) - ^pfLDtTstsfl thtrmdni elation (n.), euphoria
find (v.t.); i n v e n t - (g!7io/r6iifl, ^LDirasfl^) uSI^ULj mithappu
Ei5)ff)(g viragu fixed (adj.), arranged -
ssiwQiLSuf. kandupidi firm (adj.) flood ( n . ) -
thirmanikka-p-perra QeueaefTLD vellam
(-tili^-ffiffi, -lilif ^ ^ ) S-iriJ^lurresr uruthiyana fix (repair) (v.t.) -
firmness; hardness; certainty - floor (n.) -
find (n.); invention - U(y)j5/U/7/T paluthu-par ^etnrt tharai, s^etrisi tlialam
kandupidippu S-gi]^ uruthi (- uirfsx, - unu^^)
first (n.); beginning flour (n.) -
find out (v.t.); see - flag (n.); v i n e - Lo/ray mavu
(i/)fl5sb muthal, Qsmsj- kodi flourish (v.i.) -
3y[T<S^ kan (/Tsssr, 3iemr(^) (lfiS,<son(Mi muthalavathu
fine (o.k.); yes; correct- flat (adj.); smooth -r o5)srrjif@ vilangu
first (adv.) - ^Ces)L-iurre!!T thattaiyana, (sSeniiia;, tSlmiiiSi)
ff/fi sari (Lp^su/Tffi mutlialSga 9^LO0GfrLnfT^ samathalamdna

60 61
flow (v.i.); leak; d r i b b l e - f o l l o w i n g (n.) - f o r c e (n.); strength - f o r e v e r (adv.)
9(iP(S "LugU {^(Lpa, ^(Lffgl) LSlsweu(f^LD pinvarum usOii) balam sTssrnj/Lb ennim
flow (as o f water) (n.) - f o l l o w i n g (adj.) - f o r c e f u l (adj.); s t r o n g - a l w a y s (adv.); w h e n e v e r -
fgL-/ ih ottam iSeirexid^Slp pinvarugira uevLDrreiST balamana eruQuirgjiM eppothum,
f o o l (n.) - f o r c e f u l l y (adv.); s t r o n g l y - toTuQufTQ^i^lh eppoluthum
let flow d o w n (v.t.) -
(y)(-Li_/Tsfr mUttal, USOLD/TiSS balamaga forget (v.t) -
Lxtemi^iueir madaiyan f o r c e (n.), m i g h t , p o w e r - LD/D mara (iMpas, wp^gi)
flower (n.), b l o s s o m -
f o o l i s h (adj.) - eijeSlas)LD valimai
LDSU^ malar, y pu f o r g e t f u l (adj.) -
(ifiLLL^rreh^esruDrreisr f o r c e f u l (adj.), p o w e r f u l -
fluid (n.) - wip^iunesT marathiyana
muttalthanamdna, OJeSIanLDluiTesr valimaiyana
0p'LDLD nirmam, f o r g e t f u l n e s s (n.) - -
anu^^iuLDrreur f o r c e f u l l y (adv.), p o w e r f u l l y -
^[TSULb thiravam paitthiyamana ('crazy') LDp^ marathi
OJQSSWLDIU/TIB valimaiyaga
fly (insect) (n.) - f o o l i s h l y (adv.) - f o r g e t f u l p e r s o n (n.)
f o r e i g n (adj.) -
FF I ^iueo ayal, QeueM veli, inp^aaiaij^ marathikkarar
fly (v.i.); m o v e s w i f t l y - madatthanamaga
^^^UJluneir anniyamdna forgive (v.t) -
urr) para (upas;, up^) foolishness (n.); s t u p i d i t y - iijsirssfl manni
f o r e i g n c o u n t r y (n.) -
fog (n.); m i s t ; d e w - LDL^anLD madamai,
^lUeOfBirQl ayal-nadu, forgive (v.t) -
uasfl pani LDL^^esmiM madatthanam
QsiysS/5ff(51 veli-nMu Loe5Tfflifl^a5;a5)(5)
t h i c k f o g (n.) - f o o t (n.); step; b o t t o m ; base -
f o r e i g n e r ( s ) (n.) - mannitthuvidu
( i p ( i l uasfl mudu pani cS^Uf. adi
^iueo!BrTiL(S)s;i;rrprpr (-aSL_, -n5)L.S))
f o o t (n.) -
foggy (adj.) - ayalnattukkarar, f o r g i v e n e s s (n.)
SP(i) uasfiiLiefrerr (ffi/Tsb) ^is}. (kal) adi,
LDsirssfluLf mannippu
mOdu paniyuUa urr^lh patham velirmttukkSrar f o r g i v e [mistake-tolerate] -
f o l l o w (v.t.) - f o o t (n.); l e g ; quarter (1/4) - f o r e i g n (adj.); external - (^ippLD QufTgu
i5sar Q t F s b pin sel S f r s b Ml QojsrS veli,
kurram poru
(- Qffsoeo, ~ (oi3=&srn)])', f o r (conj.); since, b e c a u s e - ^^rilujLDlTGisr anniyamana (- Q u n j y A s , - Quni^^gi)
iSlet Q^rrupi pin thodar aga, f o r e s t ( u n i n h a b i t e d l a n d ) (u.) - f o r k (n.) -
(- Q^(n_ij-, - ffl^iTMJ^^) i^jQesisisripiTtso enenral
sfrQi kddu ffiQJ(i) kavadu

62 63
form (n.); image- fourth (n. or adj.) - fresh (adj.), new - frightful (adj.) -
fgrrcirasfTaj^ nSngavathu,
s_((5SULb uruvam, rsirdsTsmli nangam (adj.) Lf^iu purhlya, uiuiiiaijwneisr
(Lp^^^ murtthi fourteen (n. or adj.) - LDtiiarf^ mangdtha
payahgaramana
former (adj.) - U^n5fTsr@ pathinangu Friday; Venus (planet) - frightfully (adv.) -
(LpsJr inun, fourteenth (n. or adj.) - QeusfrsyS velli UlUlilSilTLDITS
(Lp^^lU munthiya Friday (n.) - payahgaramdga
pathirmngdvathu,
formerly; in front of - QajefrefHaSlLpeiMis be frightened (v.i.) -
(Lpasr mun,
pathinangSm (adj. only) vellikkilamai ^QiS,S\ thidukkidu
(LpesTLj munbu, free (independent) (adj.) - friend (f.) - 0(Sig)i_, @ig)il0)
(LpanQesT munne,
^GrsSl^ sinegithi,
frog (n.) -
(LpesrssTfTSO murmal, suthanthiramana ^ajsnsrr thavalai
Gssnrifi tholi from (prep.)
(LpemssrnQeo munnale freely (independently) (adv.) friend (m.) - -^(^1 -inmthu,
forty (n. or adj.) - S)QrsSl^eir sinegithan, -idatthirunthu,
suthanthiramaga
rSfrpugl rmrpathu freedom (independence) (n.) - G^lTLpeir tholan, -idatthilinmthu
fortieth (n. or adj.) K^^^pTlh suthanthiram rgsssruesr nanban, front (n.) -
rsrripu^fTeiJ^ free (of cost) (adj.) - Qpg^eir nesan (LpemLjpLD munpuram,
narpathavathu, ^ei)aja={L>rresr) ilavasa(jnuna) friendship (n.) - (LpasiuaiSiUi munpakkam
freely (without cost) (adv.) - ^GfBSLD sinegam, front end (n.)
fSfTpu^fTLD ^evojffLDfT'X ilavasamdga G^rrLpemLD thdlamai, (y)S3ru<BLQ munpakkam
narpatlmm (adj. only) freedom (from cost) (n.) - rSL-L-l natpu, frown (v.i.); wrinWe -
forward (adj.) - ^SDSi/ffii ilavasam (T5/i/@ surungu
Grsd'LD nesam
(LpanQeu munne, freedom (liberation) (n.) - fright (n.), terror- (ffiOiaa, ^(gis/S)
eSiQt^emso viduthalai fruit (ripe) (n.) -
(LpasjQssmsSliu fresh (adj.); green; cool
UUJLD payam,
ULfiLD palam
munnokkiya Lls=e!!)F pacchai uaJISJsrrLD payahgaram fuel (n.) -
forward (adv.) - frighten (v.t.), terrify - eTl?lQurT(erT erlporul
QposiQesmsiSl munndkki utU(LpgU^^ payamurutthu
fom: (n. or adj.) - 64 65
(Bireir^g nangu
 get on (to a bus, etc.) (v.i.) -
fulfilment (n.) - G gather (v.t.); collect
^ g j j eru (^rp, ?7j5))
ilas)peij niraivu gain (n.); p r o f i t - ^!jC thirattu get u p (v.i.); awake -
fuU(adjO- eviTUlM labam Oo-Ci-, @nli4.) eT(Lp eht {sTLp, ^(ig^Sl)
niraintha gain a profit (v.); profit gecko (wall lizard) (n.) -
eorrULD Qugu Idbam get u p (from resting) (v.i.) -
f^<oS)n)^S5
pent ueceSl palli
be fuU (v.i.) - (- Qufo, - Qupn^i) ST(y);5@(5 elunlhiru
gem (n.) - (-g)@, -g)(!5!5S/)
(ilanp nirai gain (v.L); profit; get - Cr^^eSTLD ratthinam,
Qugj pent (Glup, Qupgu) make get u p (v.t.) ~
fun (n.); g a m e - [j^^emsseo raithina-k-kal eT(LpULj eluppu
eSlmeaiuniLQt vilaiyattu g a m e (n.); fun - general (adj.); usual -
eSlemerriumLQ) vilaiyattu (s7(y)UU, eiQ^uiS)
function (n.); performance - Qun^'sijrTesT pothuvana ghee (clarified butter) -
fflsyis:^ nigalcchi garden (n.) - generation (n.); tradition -
(S^ff"lli_U) thottam QrsuJ ney
funeral; death [Spk. Tam.] - urfLDUemp' parambarai gift(n.)-
ffireif sdvu gardener (n.) - gentle (adj.) ,^GBTUSIS)L;L/ anbalippu,
furious (adj.), fierce thottakkaran QiD^euiTssr methuvana Q/TisinL_ kodai,
Qmms^uj kodiya garland (n.); evening (p.m.) - get (v.); receive - Ulfis? parisu
further (distance) (adv.) - QugU peru (Qup, Qu/pgy)
LD[Tas)&> malai ginger (n.) -
athiga dhuratthiluUa flower garland (n.) - get (v.t.); obtain - ^(^^ inji
further (moreover) (adv.) - girl (n.); woman -
y LDrrsmev pu malai ^emi-^ adai
QlSieoiLD melum Quern pen,
furthermore (adv.) - garland (s.o., sth.) (v.t.) - get (v.t); buy; r e c e i v e -
^sirOTy/i innum LDiremsv GunQi malai podu QueisnS\ehes)efT penpillai
(- Cun-i_, - Gu/TL.) surr^fg vahgu give (v.t.); give away -
future (n.) -
ST^j'ffi/rsuiii ethirkalam gas (air, steam, etc.) - (euaiiia, ajmiiSl] Qsn kodu
OjfTlLj vdyu, get do>vn (v.i.); descend -
future (adj.) - ^eSl avi ^ f f 3 E / @ irangu give (v.t.) -
sr^^srreo ethirkala gate(n.)- (g)53E;, ^piiiSi) ^fT tha (asiJ.^iSS/)
futurity (n.); opposite- ajiTS^sc vasal, bring down (v.t.) - give (v.t.); offer; r e n d e r -
ethir, ffr^Grr ethire eurruSleo sssei/ vayil kathavu irakku cS/sifl ali (^siSffi65, ^sS^gj)
(@(D, g)pffi)

66 67
glass (n.); eyeglasses; m i r r o r - a good thing (n.) - govern (v.t.) - grass (n.) -
sememrn^ kannSdi / g s b s u ^ nallathu ^LL& Qs=lij atchi sey Lfeo pul
glass (tumbler) (n.) - nicely (adv.); well - (- Qffo/iu, - Qfftij^)
i_tbs)T/j' tamlar /5sa7(g nangu, government; administration - g r a y (ash color) (n. or adj.) -
fSasTpirai nanraga s^rriaueo (r^piii)
glow (v.i.); burn; be angry - ^tl. atchi
sr/S eri (si/fliu, m/ii^i) good m a n (n.) - sdmbal (niram)
grab (v.L); catch - graze (v.i.) -
go (v.i.) - /gsbsusi/sJT nallavan
goodness (n.) - iStS^ pidi (LSIuf-am, LSUI.$^) (BLDIU mey {Gwiu, Giadj^sj)
Qun pd (GurTm,Guiriu) gradual (adj.), 'step by step' - great (adj.); important; big -
go (v.i.); f o l l o w - flSsirsnLD nanmai
goodbye; greetings - uiJi.uuLii.ujrrevr Qutfliu periya
Qffeo sel (QUEu, Qffeirgii) padippadiydna greatness (n.); nobleness -
goal (aim) (n.) - ffiUSsWcScffiLb vanakkam grain (paddy, etc.) (n.) - Qu(r^ss)U> perumai
goodbye ("I'll go & come.") - green (adj.); fresh -
(seyaljndkkam Gurnu eii(SlGpeiT. ^rresfluJLD dhaniyam
grandchild (n.) - U3=es)ff pacchai
goat (n.) - 'Pay varugiren.' greetings; goodbye -
^ Sdu, ("We'll go and come.") - Gurrs(gLp^e!n^ euemssiLD vanakkam
QsuerrefTa(S> velladu Gurnu eiJ(SGprTLD. perakkulanthai grief (n.); suffering -
God (n.) - 'Poyvarugirom.' g r a n d d a u g h t e r (n.) -
^AaLD dhukkam
("Go and come.") Gu0^ petthi
c^swL-QJ/r andavar, Gurnu eurT(ii]3ie}r. grind (v.t.) -
grandfather (n.) -
ffiLsi^srr kadavul, 'Pay varungal.' ^ns,^n thattha, ^emrj arai
goods (n.); possession(s) - urTL.iesrrrp' pattanar ground; agricultural land -
^ e n p e u s J r imivan ffrrmrreir sSman 0)eULD nilam
going (n.); practice; habit - goods; meaning; matter - g r a n d m o t h e r (n.) -
urriLisi. patti, group (n.) -
Gurrs(^ pokku G)urr(isrr porul (y ki'iji,
gold (n.) - government (n.) - umLLSj-iurrp^ p&ttiyar
^rferrrisisih arasangam grandson (n.) - G)^/7(g@ thoguthi
QufTek pon, g r o w (v.i.) -
^ISJSLD tlmngam g o v t (n.); k i n g d o m - Guijasr peran
c^/7 arasu grape(s) (n.) - euenir valar
good (adj.) - (suffltrp-, ajen)^l)
/jsbsu nalla ^irmLanff thiratchai

68 69
 h a p p e n ( v . i . ) ; behave; w a H c - h a r d ( o p p . to soft) -
g r o w (make g r o w ) (v.t.) - h a i r ( o f the b o d y ) ( n . ) -
nada fj5is,m, /si-isja) a^sru^tuirem unithiyana,
si/srr/7 valar
LDuSliX mayir (Lpp-l_fTesr muradana
h a p p e n ( v . i . ) ; take place -
h a i r ( o f the head) (n.) - h a r m (n.) -
g r o w t h (nO - fSes)L-Qu^ na4aipent
euerrp'ff^ valamhi (Lpt^. mudi ^onLD thlmai,

g u a r d (n.) - h a l f (n.); w a i s t - happen (v.i.); o c c u r - thlngu

s;aey<A){afTi:rp') kaval(karar) cjysnfr arai ffCaueSl sambavi h a r m (v.t.) -

guard (vx) - (<yu3Ui5)<5<gs, 3=Lbue)Sl^^) Qs=iu thmgu sey
h a l f (n.) -
afTUunpgU kapparru h a p p e n i n g ( n . ) ; occurrence - (- Qffiuiu, - QiFiugi)
Ufr@ pdthi
{siTuuiTpp, aiTUuirp^) s^LOU&JLO sambavam h a r m f u l (adj.); cruel -
h a l v e (v.t.) -
guide (v.L) - happiness (n.); j o y , delight - ^QyiLDiLf&TStT thlinaiyulla
^as^rriUfT3i(Q araiyakku
euifisimLQi valikattu gjsarULO inbam, h a r m l e s s (adj.) -
i-mmLu, -arrCui.) urr^ujns(g pathiydkku LDS)y3# magilcchi ^emLDlupp thlmaiyarra
g u i d e (n.) - (-^ffi, - ^ d j g ) ) h a r s h (adj.) -
be h a p p y ( v . i . ) -
euiflaaiLLq. mlikatti h a l l ( n . ) ; large r o o m - LDS)yi magil Qsms^iU kodiya
g u i l t (n.) - (mglLp, LoSyjjBg/) h a r s h n e s s ( n . ) ; sternness -
v(_ti kudam
(gppLD kurram h a p p U y (adv.) - sQiesiLD kadmnai
h a n d (n.); arm -
g u i l t y (adj.) - haste (n.); emergency
S!n kai
(gppQfierrerr kurmmulla, santhoshamaga ^euffrxih avasaram
h a n g ( v . t . ) ; suspend - h a p p i n e s s ( n . ) ; pleasure -
(gjPpLDTTasi kurramana hasten (v.i.) -
Q^nmJs;eS}(pi thongavidu
aTJCS^/rsi^ii santhosham
g u i l t y p e r s o n (n.) -
(-aSlL-, - S I S L . )
h a p p y (adj.) - avasarappadu
h a n g (be suspended) ( v . i . ) - ( - u i _ , -uiLCSi)
kurramullavan
Q^nai(^ thohgu
santhoshamana, h a t (n.) -
H
h a n g (execute) ( v . t . ) -
Q^mliiSI thoppi
h a b i t ( n . ) ; custom -
magilcchiydna hate (v.t.); dislike -
^S)si5)(5) thukkilidu
hardness (n.); firmness - Qevgu veru
valakkam (palakkam) (-g)L., - L - f i l ) ;
s^giJ^ urulhi
h a b i t ( n . ) ; practice; g o i n g - gjjsSlsoQuiTQi thUkkilpodu
GurrsiQ pokku

71
70
 hate (n.), h a t r e d - h e a l t h (n.) - h e r (pron.) (familiar)
h e a v y l o a d (n.) -
Qeuguuq veruppu WffiLD sugam, UlTCriii baram ^euemen avalai ( a c e ) ,
h a v e (v.) - (giSmih gunam ^ 6 i / ( g 5 < 5 5 @ avalukku (daL)
h e e d ( n . ) ; care -
QmnefT kol h e r (pron.) (polite)
h e a l t h y (adj.) - aojesTLD kavanam
{Qsnenm, Qsineisr) ^exiamp' avarai (ace),
ffrSiLDtTaST siigamana, h e i g h t (n.) -
he [that man) (pron.) c?i/si/(T5<B(g avarukku (dat.)
^QrxfrQujLDrTesr a^lurXLD uyaram
S'/eysir avan, h e r (possessive) ( f a m . ) -
arokiyamana heighten (v.t.) -
^ s u / j " avar (polite), cg>/sU(Si[5!0L_(U avaludaiya
h e a r ( v . t . ) , l i s t e n ; ask - s-iup^^ uyartthu
^euirs^en avargal (pol.+)
Gserr kel ( G a i l a , daC.) h e r (possess.) ( p o l i t e ) -
he (this man) - ^eii(f^einL_aj avarudaiya
h e a r t ( a n a t o m i c a l ) (n.) - heUo! -
^eussr ivan, h e r e (adv.) -
) ^ I U i (g)^UJLb) si;<S55r<Ba5Lb vanakkam
^ Q j j j ivar ( p o l i t e ) , ^isKSs inge
iruthayam (ithayam) h e l p ( n . ) ; assistance -
^eup-aerr ivargal {pol.+) h e a r t h (n.) - S-^eS} uthavi
h e r e ! ( l o o k here!) -
he h i m s e l f -
^Qiljq aduppu h e l p (v.t.) -
g)G^/r itho
h e r e ! (take i t ! ) -
h e a t ( h i g h t e m p . ) (n.) - a_^ffl5) Q3=iu uthavi sey
avane than ( f a m . ) , ^^^fTQ^lilsen' intharungal
t^Qi sildu, (- Glfftuiu, - Qs=fug^)
hereafter (adv.); henceforth-
avare thain (pol.)
Qeuuuih veppam helpful (adj.)-
^esfl ini,
h e a d ( o f p h y s i c a l b o d y ) (n.) g e t h e a t e d ( v . i . ) , get h o t -
upayogamana ^SBACSLDSI) inimel
^smsu thalai siidu (mi-, L-gl)
h e l p ( n . ) , assistant - h e r e b y (adv.) -
h e a d (leader) (a.) - sun's h e a t (n.) -
gjenestsT thunai ^^sw/Tsb ithanal
^smeueup' thalaivar G)euu5)iA> veyil
hence (from now on) - h e r e w i t h (adv.) -
h e a d a c h e (n.) - h e a v i n e s s (n.) -
ffiswii ganam ^^OT5yi_esr ithanudan
^aneveiisSl thalaivali
ippothilirunthu hero (n.); s o l d i e r -
h e a d q u a r t e r s (n.) - h e a v y (adj.) -
h e n c e ( f r o m here) -
SiesT^^ ganattha, aSjXeir vlran
^ISJSIQ^^^ ihgirunthu heroine (n.); woman w a r r i o r -
thalaimai aluvalagam s&STLDlTeiST ganamana
heal (v.i.); calm down - h e a v i l y (adv.) h e n c e (therefore) - eSiruQuimr vlrappen,

urftfLnrrai baramaga ^emmiurreo agaiyal aStXHlSJaanssr viranganai

72 73
h e r o i s m (n.) - h i g h w a y (n.); r o a d
h o l d (keep in h a n d ) (v.t.) - h o n o r (v.L)
eSfTLD viram WSiDSW salai,
h e r o i c (adj.) - G}/5(S)(^a=^/rsinsy nedunjalai perumaippadutthu
eSlJLEifTssT viramdna (iiii4.ffiffi, iSli4.0gi)
hill (n.) - h o l d (n.) -
herself (pron.) (familiar) - (o)srrra5) gauravi
iosDSU malai,
^suQm male, ( g s a r p t b kunram {QgicnijeSlms, QffiswjraS^sjj)
EST thane iSut-Uq pidippu h o n o r a r y (adj.) -
0nQ
herself (pron.) (poUte) -
h i m (pron.) (familiar) - h o l i d a y (n.) - QaenijeiJ gaurava
^euQrj avare ^euanasT avanai ( a c e ) , e)S}Qi(tpeinp (jsrreiT) h o n o r a b l e (adj.) -
^ g l / s g ) ; a 5 ( g avanukku (dat.) vidumurai (nal)
h i d e (skin) (n.); l e a t h e r -
h i m (pron.) (polite) - holy; 'Mr.' -
Q^neo thol ^(55 thiru
gauravamikka,
hide (v.t); make disappear- ^eyaniT avarai ( a c e ) , QsierrtTGULDiTeisT
^eii(t^S(^ avarukku (dat.) h o m e (n.), h o u s e -
LoanjD marai a)7(p vfrfw
gauravamana
h i m s e l f (reflex.) (fam.) - h o n o r a b l y (adv.) -
avane, h o m e t o w n (n.); village; city - QxerrpreuLDiTs;
be h i d d e n (v.i.); disappear - ^GUQGST

jLoan/j) marai s^nQasT thane a a r j r wr, gauravamaga

(mempiu, ms^fo^^) h i m s e l f (reflex.) (polite) Q3=rT^0 amfr sontha ur h o p e (v.t), believe -
h i g h (adv.); far u p ^ajQp' avare h o n e s t (adj.); straight /StJDL/ nambu Qcwu, rswiS)
a_iu(sjr uyare h i p (n.); w a i s t - G^/T ner, h o p e (n.); belief; c o n f i d e n c e -
high (adj.)- GrsprenLDiurresT [SmiSI<sein<s nambikkai
g)(J)Ui_/ iduppu nermaiydna h o r n ( a n i m a l ' s ) (n.) -
&.ujpr uyar,
h i s (possessive) - h o n e s t y (n.); straightness QstTiMq kombu
a_lu/T/5^ uyamtha,
avanudaiya (fam.), Grgp'SsiLO nermai h o r r i b l e (adj.) -
2_UJ(TLDfr5r icyaramSna uvJiiia^LCirrstsT
h i g h level (n.) - h o n e y (n.) -
avarudaiya (pol.) (S^m then payangaramana
S-lLip' fflsjisu uyar nilai history ( n . ) - h o r r o r (n.) -
h i g h ; west; above - h o n e y b e e (n.) -
surysfTfT^ varalSru Gassjf thenl QuQ^lhutULb perumbayam
GLDA) mil, GLDGSU mele, h i t (v.t.) - h o r s e (n.) -
h o n o r (n.); a d e g r e e , d i p l o m a
QiBeonm melana @@!n/r kuthirai
ULLI^LD pattam

74 75
h o s p i t a l (n.) - so m a n y - h u n d r e d t h ( n . o r adj.) - h u r r y (n.), haste; emergency -
^ervu00ll^ asbatthiri, er^^anesiQiurr etthanaiyo Ifp[TeJg] nuravathu, ^euffp'lh avasaram,
LDQ^^^eiiLDemesT how much? - girprrLD n r a ; n ( a d j . o n l y ) GeuiULD vegain,
marutthuvamanai STsi/susffo/ evvalavu h i m g e r (n.) - ^sSlfXLO sikkiram
h o t (spicey) (adj.) - so m u c h , a lot - h u r r y (v.i.); b e rash -
uff} pasi
surrTLDfTesr karamana 'oTsLtsiHon^Gurr ewalavd be h u n g r y (v.i.), famished -
s p i c i n e s s (n.), p u n g e n c y - h o w e v e r (in w h a t e v e r m a n n e r ) - avasarappadu
pasi {uSiam, uSi^gi)
s/TjTib karam sTuuis^iunSlepiih (-ui_, - u i l )
h u n g r y (adj.) -
h o t (temp. - n o t weather) - h u r r y u p ( s o m e o n e ) (v.t.) -
eppadiyagilum u^lLjehefr pasiyulla
@(5) sudu, however; even though - h u n t ( a n i m a l s , e t c . ) (v.t.) -
(S^L^nasr sudana avasarappadutthu
^esm^LD andlum G)i/L_sini_lUfr(S) vettaiyadu {.-u00, -u(Si0^)
h o t & humid (weather, etc.), h u g e (adj.) ( - ^ ( _ , -^Uf.) h u r t (v.t.) -
s u l t r i n e s s (n.) -
iSsiuQufftuj h t m t ( s e a r c h f o r ) (v.t.) - ^ E / @ Q<3=UJ thlfigu sey
LfQ^ssiLO pulukkam miga-p-periya Q^m-UUrrp thedippar (- Qffiuiu, - Qffdj^i)
h o u r (of day); bell; g e m - h u m a n [ o f m e n ] (adj.) - h u r t ( a c h e ) (v.i.) -
LDOsFl^ manitha, h i m t e r (n.) -
LDSBJifl mani Grsn no
one h o u r (of time) - {Grsrra, Grsrr^^)
manithanukkuriya vettaikkaran, h u s b a n d (n.) -
oru rimni neram h u m a n i t y (n.) - GeuQlOjeir veduvan ffiSBJsrsilisir kanavan,
h o u s e (n.) - h u r l ( v . t ) ; throw, toss -
a3(St vldu manitha inam vlttu-k-karan
h o w ? (by what means?) - h u m i l i a t e (v.t.) - h u r r i e d (adj.)
STUUUi. eppadi, s,fTifi0^ thaltthu ^eus'p'LDrrssr avasaramana, I
erasssr/TSU ethanal GeusLDfTstsr vegamana I (pron.) -
h o w (way in which) - h u m o r (n.) - h u r r i e d l y (adv.) - rsnasT nan
Qs:iU(Lpeinro seymurai rSS!n<S3=SH^aj nagaicchuvai ^aj3=!X^^eo avasaratthil, i d e a (n.); thought; o p i n i o n -
how many? - h u n d r e d ( n . o r adj.) - QeasLDns vegamaga, 5^^ karutthu,
eT0^es)ssr etthanai ^gll nuru 9aiStiXLDrrsi slkkiramdga sTSSsrsssni ennam

76 77
 idol (n.); shape; image; f o r m -
g p j T ^ ^ murtthi
if (conj.); if said so -
(^rehroiTeo enrol,
^esmso anal
if s o -
appadiyanal
ignorance (n.); innocence-
Qa/CTTfflnsrr vellai
ignorance (n.) -
^^iLitTonLD ariyamai .
ignorant (adj.) -
^l^iunes ariyatha
ill (adj.); indisposed -
^gi&Sliu asukkiya
iUness (n.); disease -
QfBfTUj noy
illumination (n.); lamp -
si5)Tr65(g vilakku impatiently (adv.) -
image (n.); shape, form; idol - ^^^[TLDrrs
g p j T ^ ^ murtthi
imagination; inventiveness
ai)Umesr karpana!
imagine (v.L); keep -
vaitthukkol
(-QafTOTOT, -Q/TKsir(jl);
imagine (v.) - improve (v.) - increase (v.t); multiply -
Qu(a(Q perukku
karpanai sey munnerrappadutthu
independence (n.) -
(- Qffiuiu, - Qa^iu^y,
improvement (n.); r e f o r m -
ennippdr (-unffoa, -un^^gi) sutlianthiram
imitate (v.t.) - (ipenQestpipLn munnerram independent (adj.) -
LSleirupiru pinparru in (prep.) -
(ijJrirupj), iSmuf)^) -^so -il, s^ehGen ulle suthanthiramana
immaturity; youth; tenderness - in order to, so that independence (freedom) (n.) -
^CfremLD ilamai ULSj. padi Q5)(51^ensu viduthalai
immediate (adj.) - incident (n.) - industry; work; occupation -
f&ay>S=^ nigalcchi
udanadiyana incite (v.t.) - tholil(thurai)
immediately (adv.); right after- ^em(^ thundu influence (v.t.)
^L-QGST tidane Qa^eoeurrssisfil selvakkali
impatience (n.); irritation - include (v.t.) -
s_srTsrn_@ uUadakku (-<^6i9, -^sfH^gi)
^0^rTLD atthiram (-^(_ffi, -,^i_g)); influence (n.) -
impatient (adj.) - Qc?aba//r<B@ selvSkku
^ai^rjLDrresr atthiramana semthukkol inform (v.t.); armounce
Q^/fla5) therivi
dtthiramaga (-Qffiffsirsrr, -QarrmstQ!)
income (n.) (6)^/fla5)ffiffi, Q^ifleSl^gi);
importance (n.); primary thing euq^LDfT'SSTLD varumanam
(Lps&lULD mukkiyam increase (v.); ascend; climb - ^|)5)l5? arivi
important (adj.); big - sjffy eru i^p, ^rSI) information (n.) -
(LpS)uj(u)n'(Sw) increase (v.i.); m u l d p l y - Qffiu^ seythi
mukkiya(mana), Qu(r^(Q perugu injure (v.t.); harm -
QufHiu {Qu([^s, Qu^); ^/E/(g QsFlU thlngu sey
periya
LSI(Q migu {iBs, LBI(^0gi) (- Qfftiiiu, - Qffiu^);
78 79
 keduthal sey
i n s u f f i c i e n c y (n.) - i n t e r e s t ( n . ) ; enthusiasm -
paitthiyakSri (f.)
(gsnpffcysb kuraicchal c^^/TSl/LO arvam
i n s a n i t j ' (n.) -
i n j u r y (n.) - \t (adj.) - i n t e r f e r e n c e (n.); interruption -
^anU) thimai, (ganffjffffsun'sisr kuraicchalSna (ggy<S(i)^(5b kurukkiduthal,
paitthiyam
Qffi(5)@ keduthi I (^anp^^ kuraintha, (gffy<S5S(5) kurukkidu
i n s e c t (n.) -
inhale (v.t.); p u l l , d r a g - - j U00rr^ patthathu interfere (v.t.); interrupt -
y # pucchi
I i n s u f f i c i e n t l y (adv.) - @g!/S)(5) kurukkidu
g)(y> ' I "
i n s i d e , w i t h i n (space) - ((g2Vi_, f f y L . )
(^emptFffeufTs; kumicclmldga
i n k (n.) - a-sfr ut, i n t e r v a l (n.); m i d d l e
i n s u l t (v.t) -
a _ s K B s w uUe ^esiL- idai
enin inai ! ^a/ui0 avamathi
i n s p e c t (v.t.) i n t e r v e n e (v.t.) -
innocence ( n . ) ; i g n o r a n c e -
GsFfT^ sothi T i n s u l t (n.) - (^gUdQQi kurukkidu
Qeuenmen vellai
(Cff/7g, G i f n ^ ^ g i ) ^euLD^ULj avamathippu ( ( g a / f f l S i _ , ggi/ffi!!)
i n n o c e n c e (n.) -
install (v.t.); c o n s t r u c t - i n t e l l i g e n c e (n.); k n o w l e d g e - i n t e r v e n t i o n (n.) -
. ^sniM amai @ffy<55S(5) kurukkidu
kurramarrathaiimai ^n5^eij arivu
i n n o c e n t (adj.) - intelligent; knowledgeable - i n t r o d u c t i o n (n.) -
i n s t a l l ( v . t . ) ; establish -
(e^ppLapp kurramarra ^nSlei^enerr arivulja ^^(LpsiLb arimugam
erv^rTLS sthabi
i n o c u l a t e (v.t.) - i n t e n s e (adj.) - i n v a d e (v.t.) -
(au^/rtSffi, av0irLS^gi)
$aSl[r thivira, usni ST(5) padai edu
i n s t e a d (adv.) -
usi podu ^eSIp'LDfTesT thiviramana (- ffrffiffi, - E T ^ ^ )
U^SDna pathilaga
(- G u f f i _ , - G u f f i l ) i n t e n s i t y (n.); r a d i c a l i s m - i n v a s i o n (n.) -
instead o f -
i n o c u l a t i o n (n.); n e e d l e - ^eSlljLD thiviram
uesiL-QiuQiULi
u^<so pathil
sssS\ i n t e n s i t y (n.); s p e e d -
padaiyeduppu
i n s a n e (adj.) - i n s t i t u t i o n (n.); establishment- i n v e n t (v.t.); d i s c o v e r -
^emiMULj amaippu, Gsi/aLD vegam
anu^^iu paitthiya xemQiLSlu^ kandupidi
rSgtlOJesTLD niruvanam intensely (adv.); quickly -
i n s a n e p e r s o n (n.) (-L5)i^a;, -iSif^as;)
GeusLDfTSi vegamaga
i n s t r u m e n t (n.); tool; weapon i n v e n t i o n (n.); discovery
i n t e n t i o n (n.); t h o u g h t -
paitthiyakaran (m.). r^lLj^Lo ayutham
eremsssru) ennam karidupidippu

SO
81
 job (n.) - j u d g e (n.) -
investigate (v.t.) - island (n.) $0u^ nithipathi
^rrrriu aray Gexiemev velai j u d g e (v.t.) -
^sy th'ivu join (v.i.); unite; collect-
issue (of publication); vol. - ^^uueffl thirppali
investigation (n.); research- 9n.Qt kudu ( * . ! _ , i ^ . ) -^eUl^gi)
u^uq pathippu, join (v.t.); unite; collect-
(-,jV6r9,
j u d g m e n t (n.) -
^[rrriU3:& Sraycchi eSlajsnnijUi vivahSram
investigation (n.) - Qa^ir ser {Qsvsm, Gsi^) ,UULl thtrppu
be issued (v.i.); be bom - join (with) (v.i.); unite (with) - jiimp (v.i.); leap
eSlffrTjjen^em visaranai iStp pirn {iSpsa, iSlp^gj)
investigate (v.t.) - s^siwy Ga=/j onru ser kuthi ((g^, <Q^^i)\
it, that (thing) (pron.) - (- G/fp-aa, - e*jj5^) UfTlil pay {uniu; uniu^gi)
e&fffrri'msm GisFiu athii
visaranai sey
joke (n.) - junction (n.); crossing
it, this (thing) (pron.) - G<BSi5) mi 5T5P(L!/L/) santhi(ppu)
(- Q01UIU, - QffiLi^); ^gl ithu joker (n.) - jungle (n.), forest -
tsSlffirfU visari J Q&nian'sRt komdli ((-/^/r)/r(5) (puthar)kadu,
jackal (n.) - journey (n.); travel -
invitation (n.) -
^emLpULj a[aippu
rsii\ eiiasTLD vanam
LSlcrturremLD {uiuemiM) j u s t (because),
jail (n.) - piraydnam (payanam) no particular reason
invite (v.t.) -
^stnip alai sirai( cchalai) j o u r n e y (v.i.) - stLDLDrT summa
(^raiyjds*, ^mLpfi^) jasmine (n.) - lil/riu/T-sssTLb (uttjsranb) Qa^iu j uL0il(5)U)
s t (only) (adv.) -
mattum
iron (n.) - LoeoeSlsmsa malligai
irumbu pirydnam (payanam) sey j u s t (right, lawful) (adj.) -
^(TjiiL/ "Arabian" j a s m i n e (n.) - Gns/T ner,
irritation (n.); impatience - (ipsbsinsi) mullai (- Gifftiiiu, - Giffiugi)
^^^rrih atthiram j o y (n.); happiness - G/Hjr/rew nerdna
jealousy (n.), envy - justice (n.)
irritation (n.); bum sensation - Qurrprrs^nLD pordmai ^ s s r u i i inbam,
&T/fl#ffsb ericclial LoSlljpff^ magilcchi ( g p nXthi
jewel (n.); g e m -
irritate (v.t.) - Loessfl mani, joyful (adj.) - K
ST/fl#ffsyffil(51 ericchaluttu magilcchiydna keep (v.t.); imagine, suppose -
[T^^asrLD ratthinam eineiiaigj'xQaiTerr vaiithukkol
(-aanlL, -ssniLiSf.) joyfully (adv.) -
is, exists (v.i.) - jewelry (n.); o r n a m e n t -
magilcchiydga
a_sw(5) un4u (only form) /5C!n65(sfr) nagai(gal)
83
82
key (n.) - k i n g (n.) - k n o w (pred.), understand - l a m p (n.); illumination -
fffTeSl savi ^ffffeir arasan, L/ffltt/ii puriyum QSISTTCBQ vilakku
k i c k (v.L) - tjrr^rr raja, don't k n o w (pred.) - l a n d (agric.) (n.); ground -
a_s!n^ uthai LoeirasTssT mannan LjlfliUfT^ puriyathu retiLh nilam
k i n g d o m (n.) - k n o w l e d g e (n.) language (n.); saying; word -
(B/rsU/rd) a _ S 5 i ^ kalal uthai
^Cr<s^ arasu, <^j75)si/ arivu QlMfTlfi molt
(- S-eS)0^, - iL.6S}^^)
prr^iULo rajyam k n o w ( v . ) ; k n o w how to - l a p (n.) -
k i c k (n.) -
k i s s (v.t.) - Q^lfl theri LDLq. madi
(LP^^LSQ) mutthamldu (Q^iSiu, Q^ffljs^); l a r g e (adj.); important -
kiU (v.t.) -
(-g)L, -g)L) Q^lfliLlLD theriyum {pied.} Quifluj periya
Qsrr&i kol
k i s s (n.) - don't k n o w - l a s t (n.); final; e n d -

k i l l (v.t.); ruin - (Lp^^lh muttham Qfil^turr^ theriyathu ffiSJDiffl kadaisi

Q^rremeo tholai k i t c h e n (n.) l a s t (at last) -
L ^gU^^lJSleo) iruthi(yil)
(Q^n-sKisufflffi, Gl^irsnsv0^) ffemLDiuso ^anp
l a b o r (n.) -
be killed (v.i.); be r u i n e d - samalyal ami l a s t (to continue) (v.) -
S-anLpULJ ulaippu
Q^fToneo tholai k i t e (plaything) (n.) - 0Lq. nidi (jSifffias, fui.0gi)
L a b o r (n.); workers -
( Q ^ / r c n s u i u , Q^/rfflneu^^) uiLlLD pattam l a s t (to wear w e l l ) (v.i.) -
Q^rTifleonefrir tholilalar
k i n d (n.), sort, class - k n i f e (n.) - a_s!r)y) ulai
l a c k (n.); f l a w -
katthi (il_SSlLpffi, iL.SS\Lp^])
^esnh inam
(gemp kurai l a t e (adj.); delayed -
k n o t (v.t.) -
k i n d , sort; manner; portion - l a c k (pred.) -
(Lptjj. mudi LSI^^IU pinthiya,
QjsmiB vagal ^ia)S5)su illai ^fTLD^LDiretrr thamathamana
k i n d (gentle) (adj.) - Qfiis^ Qua mudipodu l a d d e r (n.) - lately (adv.) -
^rysxinrrem irakkamana (- G u / n _ , - QunCtSi) STSiSsfl enl 3=LSu^^eO samibatthil
k i n d (adj.); friendly - k n o t (n.) - l a k e ; tank (man-made lake) - l a t r i n e (n.) -
^asTUrresr anbdna (Lfiis^ffa- mudicchu ^ / f l eri, @srrii> kuhm d5aii.sfu kakkus
kindness (n.) - k n o w (v.t.); u n d e r s t a n d - l a k h (100,000) (n. or adj.) - laugh (v.i.); s m i l e -
^ s J T L / anbu S^n^ ari {^fUm, ^id^gi) suilffLO latcham &lfl siri (g)/flffl, ffl/fl^^)

85
 laughter (n.); smile- learn (v.t.) -
lengthen (v.i.) - level (adj.); flat -
QfHuLf sirippu spgi]<sQsirreir karrukkol
law (n.); rule- /fsyru3/r@ nllamdgu LDlLlLDfTesr mattainSna
{-Qauarar., -Q/Tsrar)
(-^, -^S)) liar (n.) -
fflLu-lh sattam learned (adj.) -
lawful (adj.) - spfog^^^ karrarintha
lengthen (v.t.) -
^enLnrT3i(Q nllamakku
Qumuiuem
library (n.) -
poyyan

ffiLL-LD Ltfl'suLDaesr learning (n.); study -

( - ^ , -^ffiS))
sattam-purvamdna ffisboS kalvi
lengthy (adj.); protracted - md nilaiyam,
lawj'er (n.) - leather (n.); hide; skin - ^erTLDtresT nilamana ^etiSLD nulagain
Gs^rrso thai
vakkit (vakkil) protractedly (adv.) - lie (around) (v.i.); remain -
leave (v.t.); let go - ^iLuj- nltti kida (S)i_ffi, gl/_|sg/)
lazybones (a lazy person) -
a5)(il vidu {eSlL_, eSliL&) leopard ( n . ) - lie (v.); lie down -
Qs^fTLoQuf^ somberi
left (side) (n. or adj.) - &gU0sin^ siruttliai uQi padu {uQiaa, u&^!)
lead (show the way) (v.t.) -
^lSI idathu less (adj.) - lie (n.), falsehood -
OJifisfTlLQ valikattu
left side (n.) - (ganpiu kuraiya, Qurnu poy
lead (control; go first) (v.t.) - ^lgll USSLD (g)(SS)pei]nen kuraivana lie (speak falsely) (v.i.) -
(Lpsir flffsi) mun chel idathu pakkam lesson (n.) Qumjj Gusn- poy pesu
(- Qffebcti, - (olffsjrgi;) leg (n.); foot; quarter (1/4) - UfTlLD pddam ' (- Qua:, - GuSi)
leaf (of a plant) (n.) - arrsb kdl let (v.t.); permit life (n.); breath; vowel -
^snsu ilai legal (adj.) - _u5)/r uyir
leap (v.i.); jump - anumathi kodu lif e(n.); breath-
urnu pay {uiTtu, uiTiu^gi); sattan-jdrntha, (- QairQiss, - Qsn^) Qpffa mUcchu

kuthi ((gg)d5, (s^^sj)

letter (communication) (n.) life (n.); living; flourishing - -
sattappadiyana xi^.^LD kaditham eurTLpAmai vdlkkai
leap (n.);jump-
lend (v.t.) - letter (of the alphabet) (n.) - "long life!"-
umiiffs^eo paycchal,
<Bi_sJrQfr(J) kadan-kodu ^(Lp0^ elutthu suffipa valga
@@ kuthi
level (amount) (n.) - lifeless (adj.) -
learn (v.t.); study - length (n.) -
^etreij alavu _iz5)/7 glsbsoff^ uyir illatha
sb kal {apx, apgu) /fsTTib nUam lift (v.t.), raise; pump
evenness (n.) -
ffLD^erTLD samathalam ^pgu erru {^prp, ^p^)

87
lift up (v.t.); weigh -
i5/7ffi thakku
light (n.), illumiaation
figsifl oli,
eiSeiratg vilakku
light (bright) (adj.)-
s^EBtunesT oliyana
lightning (n.) -
uSssrcsrsb minnal
like (appreciate) -
LSiq-^fgLD pidikkum;
iSllfliULb piriyam
don't like -
iSis^sisrr^i pidikkathu;
piriyam illai
like (v.) -
effl(LDLl virumbu
{e6l(!iLDU, aSgjiiijI)
liking (n.) -
viruppam (viruppu)
like (similar to); as (if) -
Gurreti pola, GurnA) pol
like, as; m a n n e r -
LDFT^lfl mathiri
likeness (n.) -
e^p^anLD orrumai
lime (fruit) (n.) - list (v.t.) - living (n.), life -
exirryisansi valkkai
elumiccham-palam pattiyalil pathivu sey lizard (garden) (n.) -
limit (n.); extent; measure - (- Qs^diiu, - Qffiligi) fi^tsw/TSST ondn
^erreij alavu listen (v.i.); obey; a s k -
limit (n.); boundary - Gffisyr kel (Gffiilffi, Gail) wall lizard (gecko) -
listener (n.) UeOsSl palli
ereoanev ellai load (n.) -
limit (v.t.) - GsiLueveir ketbavan
vararyaru literature (Tamil); nature - cK-ssiLO sumai
exjetnp'UJg}]
load (v.L) -
(aycnfriuffj/ffids, eues)[rtug)j^^) ^lUfSO iyal
limitation (n.) literature (gen.) (n.) - 3i<ss)LD ejipgil sumai erru
(- VPP. - ^PjS)
euenp'tuemp varaiyarai ^ s U c s S ) ( u i i ilakkiyam loan (n.) -
line (n.); tax - Uttle (adj.); small - cS5L_ssr kadan
eu/fl vari, evfflans' varisai ffln5)(U siriya, local (adj.) -
line (string, rope) (n.) - ^eksw sinna
SuSlgU kayint @ L _ ( ^ a^rrpr^^ idan jamtha
a little (n.); s o m e -
lion (n.) - Qsn(^ffLD koHjam lock (v.t.); shut, c l o s e -
&!BJ3iLD sihgam live (dwell) (v.i.); r e s i d e - ^es)L^ adai
lip(n.)- exi& vasi (sufflaa, oj^^gj)
a - ^ ( i ) uthadu (^OTLffiffi, ^smi^^gj)
live (v.i.); breathe - lock (v.t.) -
lip service - a_u5)p" uyir
Gus'g^errsij pecchalavu (a_ii51jffi, s-iiStt0gi) y t l ( 5 ) puttu ( y L j _ , y i l 4 - )
liquid (state) (n.) - lock (n.) -
live (adj.), living -
^P'LDLD nirmam s^u5\(<S{Tea uyirulla lodge (n.) -
liquid (adj.) - live (v.i.); p r o s p e r - eSlQi^ viduthi
^p^LDUJLDfTesT nirmayamdna eunip vdl (ojaifi, ajrr^p^) loneUness (n.); soliwde -
thanimai.
list (n.) - live long! -
^stsflemLD
lonely (adj.); s e c l u d e d -
ULLlSf.UJSO pattiyal exifTlfia valga ^esfl^^ thanittha
88 89
long (adj.) -
fieiTLOlTasT nilamana
long time -
^eswi rsfrerr ntnda ml,
Qp-mJau tsmsh romba nal
look (v.t); see; try -
U/T/T par {unfiax, unj^)
look for (v.L); seek -
(3^ thedu ((50i_, G^if)
look like (v.i.); a p p e a r -
G^!Tmgu thonru
lord (n.), master, boss -
ST^LDrresr ejamnn
lose (sth.)-(v.t); t h r a s h -
Qainmeo tholai
lose; be ruined; be done with -
Qas/rsmsw tholai
lose (v.i.), be defeated -
(S^rrA) thol (G^rrps, Q^upips) an^eSl ksthali (t),
lose (v.) -
g)Lp ila (g)ip, g)y)^^)
loss (in business, etc.) (n.) -
g)y)UL/ ilappu
lost (adj.) -
^Lpp^ ikmtha
loud noise (n.) loyal (adj.) m a d l y (angrily) (adv.) -
3=0iSLb sattham GstTULDfTs; kobamSga
loud (adj.) - visuvasamulla m a d (insane) (adj.)
s=^^(LpeheiT satthamuUa loyalty (n.) - onu^^iu paitthiya
louse (insect) (n.) eS\aeurT3=LD visuvasam madness (insanity) (n.) -
Ouesr pen luck (n.), good fortune - emu0^ujlh paitthiyam
love (n.); affection- [SpQugXi narperu m a d person (n.)
^eivLl anbu luck (chance, accident) (n.) - (snu^^ujd<srT[reir
love (v.t.) - ^pQa^ujsi) tharcheyal paitthiyakkaran (m.),
^eisTLi QsfT&r anbu kol luck (n.); good fortune
(- Qsnsnerr, - Qairssiirfi)); ^^/rE^iti) athirshtam paitthiyakkari (f.)
magazine (n.); newspaper
luckily (adv.) U^^lflsema patthirikkai
(5/5^ nesi
athirshtavasamaga mail (post) (n.)
loving (adj.) - ^urreb thabal
^ekqerrerr anbulla lucky (adj.) -
m a i n (adj.) -
love (romantic) (n.)
StTSSeo kathal athirshtamulla thalaimaiyana,
luggage (n.), baggage -
love (romantic) (v.t.) -
srr^eSI katlmli ff^rTLDtrm saman mukkiyainana
lover (n.) - M ' m a j o r (adj.)
Quq^LDumsiirresr
m a c h i n e (n.); engine perumbdldna
arr^eoesr kathalan (m.) (U/s^trti yanthirain majority (n.) -
lovely (adj.) - m a d (state of being angry) -
^Lfisrrem ahgana QanULD kobam perumbanmai
low (adj.) - m a d (angry) (adj.) -
^rri^^ thalntha, GsrruQpehefr kobamulla, 'a majority of the people' -
^fTj^eurrsu thdlvana QarruLDrresT kobamana Quq^LDunGecnp
perumbaldr
90 91
make (v.t.); effect; create - many (adj.) - marriage (n.), wedding mature (adj.); old -
USD pala ues)LpuJ palaiya
make (v.t); do - many (persons) - SiSOiunemLD kalyanam,
uememi pamu USOff palar may (aux. v.); can
@(g)u)S5isr/i (thiru)manam (Lpuj.ll]lh mildlyum
(ucMTssur, usOTsrafl); of many kinds - marry (get married) (v.i.) -
sey (Qffiuiu, Gla^iiig]) ueoeSI^LDiTasr can't-
male (n.), manliness - palavithamana seoiurreswiM Qffiu (tpis^iurr^ mudlyathu
c^afsr an, liow many? - kalyanam sey maybe, perhaps -
LDSufl^ssr manithan ST^^smssr etthanai (- Qsiuiu, - Qfiugi); s^OGsKSinsTr oruvelal,
male gender (n.) - that many; so many; so much 0(75)u)S5WU) Qa=iu sg(5ffi/TS>J orugdl
^emuneo Snbat ^^^anasT atthanai (thirujmanam sey me (pron.) -
man (n.); person- map (n.); pictiue - mass (n.); lump - srssrsmsisT ennai (ace),
c^sfr al, an, UL^LD padam dSlli^. katti OTS3r<B@ enakku (dat.)
LDSsfi^eisT manithan march (military) (v.i.) - master (n.); boss; lord - meal (diimer) (n.) -
manager (n.) - ffiL_/5^ G)<?su STgU3/rssr ejaman S=[TUUnQl sappadu
QiDStirTerrpr melalar mat (n.) - mean (intend, denote) (v.) -
mango (ripe Suit) - kadanthusel umu pay sq^Sil karuthu (a^, @)
LDlTlhuLpilt mam-palam match-box (n.) - meaning (n.)
(- Qffajsu, - QffosTgii) ^UQULLI^. thi-p-pettl ^fs^Stia arttham
man(liness) (n.) -
^(5iJ!i7"(snii3) dn(mai) mark (n.), sign- match-stick (n.) - meaning (n.); matter; goods -
manly (virile) (adj.) - tht-k-kucchl QuiT(efT porul
@ff5)(5'(5l) kuri(yldu) means (n.); manner-
^smesiLDtLfenetf anmaiyulla mark (v.t.); denote material (n.) measure (v.t.) -
manner (n.); way - mula-p-porul ^etr ala (_^snAa, ^m^gj);
LOfT^lfl mathiri, (gnS kuri matter (n.); affair ^srrffii5)(5) alavidu
eiJLfi vali ((gjSJss, rsf^^y, SfrAtUih kariyam (^srra5li_, ^srraSlil)
manner (n.); way; kind; matter (n.); news - measure (n.); amount; limit
sort; division; portion - (QiiSltiSl(S> kuriyidu . ^srrsiy alavu
eiianss vagal market (n.) Qffiu^l seythi
<5S!nL_ kadai, matter (n.); meaning; goods
92 ff^em^ santhai, Qutrq^eh porul 93
^liiaifTLSj. angadi
meat (n.); flesh- m e r c h a n t (n.) - m i l k (n.) m i r a c l e (n.) -
^empffS iralcchi, eiSllUfTUflffl viyabari . uneo pal ^^S^IUIM athisayam,
<S0I kari m e r c y (n.); pity m i n d (n.); heart; w i l l - ^pLj^LD arputham
cooked meat (n.) - ^rxaaiLD irakkam LoesTii manam, m i r a c u l o u s (adj.) -
LDfTLSfflii mamisam m e r c i f u l (adj.) - Lcissrgl manathu ^pLf^wnssT arputhamdna
m e c h a n i s m (n.); structure - m i n e (what belongs to me) - m i r a c l e (n.); w o n d e r -
^anLDLlL] amaippu karunaiyulla eresT^ enathu, ^fffflfllUlM acchariyam
medicine (n.) a m e r e something; a blank - m i r r o r (n.); glass(es) -

(-0(75^^ marunthu Qa/gl/LO verum ennudaiyathu semsmmq- kannadi

message (n.) - m i n e (in the earth) (n.) - m i s f o r t u n e (n.); sin; alas! -
meet (v.) -
575^ santhi aprBJaiM surahgam urreuLD pdvam
( dhuthu-c-Jcheythi m i n e (to dig from the earth) - M i s s (title) -
meeting (n.); crowd messenger (n.) - (QLDrrfrl kumdri
aSuL-L_iL kuttam ^^ek dhuthan, surangam vettu Mrs.-
m e t a l (n.) (- QgjL'.i ,, - QojLj!).)
melt (v.i.) ^q^LD^ thimmathi
a_Gsu/Ti5li> ulogam m i n e r a l (n.)
unigu -L^SI) m i s s (one's target, etc.) (v.t.) -
aesflQLJn'(f^eh' ganiporul,
melt (v.t.) - m e t h o d (n.) - ^QJgU thavaru
seeflLDLD ganimam
urukku (Lpemp(ss)LD) murai(mai) (^aip, asaJ?Sl);
m i d d a y (n.); noon - m i n g l e ( v . i . ) ; m i x with 0eupeS}(gl thavaravidu
(i,@<s, 2_(gg))
Lo^^iUfTssTLh matthiyanam ffisl) kala (ffisu, ffisu/Eg/) (-ti5)(_, - a S J i i g i )
m e m o r y (n.)
(S^fTLl6;LD nabagam, m i d d l e (n.); interval - m i n i s t e r (of govt.) (n.) - m i s s i n g (lost) (pred.) -
^anesrsLl ninaivu ^S!ni_ idai
- LD^^lfl manthiri ansmuuitT^
m i n u t e ( n . ) ; moment - kdrmppadathu
m e m o r i a l (n.) - middle, c e n t e r -
m i s t (n.); fog; d e w -
/5(5) nadu,
- nimisham (nimidam) L/csfl pani
ninaivacchinnam /SCJlOsi; rmduve, m i n u t e (very tiny) (adj.) - m i s t a k e (n.)
mention ( v . t ) ; specify -
rSeSleo naduvil iSlsa^fflr^lU migacchiriya,
(g^ui3(g] kunppidu sSOJgu thavaru,
m i d n i g h t (n.) - ^Cj-JLDfTesr nupamdna (gppii kurram
/SsfrsrS/rsv nailiravu.

94 95
mistake (v.) - m o d e r a t e (adj.) - monkey (n.) - mosquito-net (n.) -
rSl^irasTLDfresr nithanamdna (g/Tffi/g kurangu Qsirrsi- SI/OTIGU kosu valai
thavaraga ennu m o d e r a t e l y (adv.) m o n t h (n.) - m o s t (in number) (adj.) -
(- ersHTfiOTT, - ersssrsusi?) ^^/resTLO/riSS nithdnamdga u5)L/Usu miga-p-pala,
LDrT3=LD {wn^LO)
mistaken (adj.) - masam (mdtham) QweonesT meldna
m o d e m (adj.) -
^eUfpnesr thavardna m o o n (n.) - mostly (adv.) -
mistakenly (adv.) - puthumaiydna, fleviT nils, ^^aLorrdj athigamdy,
eseuprrs thavaraga iS&3esr navina, /^csuoy nilavu, ^Q^SLons anegamaga
mister (Mr.); holy, divine aTJ^iJ^ssr chanlhiran m o t h e r (n.) -
^(5 thiru tharkdla(tthiya) m o r e ; still, yet; furthermore ^^LOLDfr amma,
mix (n.); m i x t u r e - m o d e s t (adj.) - ^ s a r e y / u a innum, ^fTiLl thdy,
SsotJL/ kalappu ^L^AsLDtTetsT adakkamana, etsresrQpLD innamum ^etfretnesr annai
mix (v.t) - ^U-SSQfimea adakkamulla m o r e (adj.)
m o t h e r - i n - l a w (n.) -
modestly (adv.) - ^^SiLDrrssr athigamdna
kalavaiyakku ^L^AmLDrra adakkamaga LDiTLQiurr^ mdmiydr
m o r e o v e r (adv.); beyond -
i-^ss, -^) modesty (n.); humility; ^ULjpLD appuram
m o t h e r l a n d (n.) -
mixed (adj.) - unobtrusiveness - ^mufsrrCSl thdynddu
beyond (in space) -
seVLJUfTetr kalappdna ^L^SSlii adakkam motion (movement) (n.) -
^LJLjpLb appuram
mob (n.) - modesty (n.); shame ^es)ffGij asaivu
m o r e o v e r , besides - m o t i o n (in a meeting) (n.);
g i b u d ) kumbal QeuiLsiLb vetkam
CoLogj/tb melum, resolution -
m o d e r a t e (adj.) - m o m e n t (n.); minute
iB^UKTesT mithamana esTsmiLD innum ^ffLDfTesTLD thirmdnam
moderately (adv.) - nimisham (nimidam) m o r n i n g (a.m.) (n.) m o u n t a i n (n.) -
LSl^LDas mithamaga M o n d a y (n.) - ^^SirretDeo athikdlai LDSinsu malai,
moderation (n.) - d a w n (n.) - Sllfl girl
lE^lis mitham thingatHlamai m o u r n (v.t.) -
vidiyarkalai
composure (n.) - m o n e y (n.) - L/GOtbL/ pulambu
mosquito (n.) -
jfl^rran'LD nithanam uessTLD panam [qeoibu, qeowiSl)
fliss/r* kosu

96 97
m o u r n i n g (n.); bemoaning - m u c h , a lot of, excess - m u s t (aux. v.) n a k e d (adj.) -
LjsDLbueb pulambal ^^Xih athigam QeilsmQtLD vendum
mouse (n.); r a t - m u c h - that much, so much - m u s t n ' t (aux. v.) - nirvanamana,
ereSl eli ^djeuerreii awalavu 3iJ-^rT0 kudathu ^onL^iupp adaiyarra
mouse (n.) m u c h - this much, this many - my- n a k e d n e s s (n.)
3KiisrQi-.eSI sundeli ^si/si/srro/ iwalavu STSsr en, i^ffeurremLD nirvanam
m o u t h (n.) - m u c h , too much - gTsaTSg);gini_m ennudaiya n a m e (n.); reputation -
eumu vay rSsmpiu niraiya Quajp- peyar
myself (reflex, prou.) -
move (vX); agitate - m u c h , a lot - n a r r o w (adj.) -
^nGesr thane,
^<ss)a^ asai iBseqih migavum @(75a!son"G!!r kurugalSna
sTswa;(3<s enakke
very n a t i o n (n.); inhabited land
move (v.i.); be a g i t a t e d - m y s t e r y (n.) -
ij5)<5S miga
pfrQi nddu
asai very m u c h - vilangS-c-cheythi, n a t u r a l (adj.) -
L8SS mikka
LDP'LDLD ^lueounasr iyalbana, ^
move (v.i.); d a n c e - multiply (v.t.); i n c r e a s e - marmam ^iupenxiunresr iyarkaiyana
Qu(i^A(Q perukku
suspense-packed (adj.) - . n a t u r a l l y (adv.) -
move a w a y (v.t.); p u s h - (G)u(75ffl, G)u(gfflffl)
^<siTiQ thallu LD^LD marma ^lueourrx iyalbaga,
m u l t i p l y (v.i.); i n c r e a s e -
m y s t e r i o u s (adj.) - ^lupetnsiurTs; iyarkaiydga
Qu(i^(g perugu
move (push object) (v.t.) - LDP'tDLDfTeu marmanidna n a t u r e (n.); disposition -
[Ssp'^^ nagartthu m u r d e r (n.) - m y s t e r i o u s l y (adv.) ^lUptsina iyarkai
Qsirransv kolai LD/7LDLD/r marmamaga n a t u r e ; quality; condition
a o v e aside (v.i.) - m u r d e r (v.t) - ^eiremLD thanmai
f5!T nagar {tB&n, i^avm) Qarremei) Qa^iLl kolai sey N
n a v y (n.) -
move(n.)- (- Qffiuio, - Qefiugi) n a i l (metal) (n.) -
suun)ues)L. kapparpadai,
J5(si/t^ffisma nadavadikkai m u r d e r e r (u.) - c^CTsfl ani
Sii_n)UsinL- kadarpadai
Qarremeviurrefii kolaiyali.
movement (n.); campaign nail (finger, toe) (n.); claw - n e a r (in space) (prep.) -
m u s i c (n.) -
^iu<sti iyakkam /jdSii nagam usa^^eo pakkatthil
S'lilS^lJD sangltham

98 99
near- n e e d (n.); n e c e s s i t y - n e s t (n.) n i c e (adj.)
U-SSLD pakkam a^(j) kadu igiULDlTesr nayamdna,
( p ^ e ^ s i / thevai
n e a r (prep.) - n e e d (aux. v.); w a n t - n e u t r a l (adj.) -
arumaiydna
S)ilz_ kim (3aJS55r(5)Lb vendum nadunilaiydna n i c e l y (adv.); well -
n e a r l y (adv.) - n e e d f u l (adj.) -
SILLL-0SL-I kittatthatta n e u t r a l i t y (n.) - r5SST(gi nangu,
Geuemis^UJ vendiya l^Qt^anso nadunilai
n e a t (adj.) - don't need, don't want - ^Q^emLDlUfTs; arumaiyaga
ap^LDrresT suuhamana n e v e r (at n o time) -
GajsisrL^mh venddm n i g h t (n.) -
neatly; regularly; efficiently - oru pothumillai iravu,
s^^Lorra smhamaga n e e d l e s s (adj.) - ^/Tsi/

avasiyamillatha never m i n d , n o matter - ^jjrr^^ifl irdtthiri

necessarily (adv.) - ufrsu/TuSsbsinsu
SI' I rriULDrTs; kattayamaga, n e e d l e (n.); inoculation n i n e (n. o r adj.) -
aerS Usi paravayillai pS57"Ug/ onbathu
^eu&iULDirai avasiyamMga n e v e r t h e l e s s (adv. & conj.) -
n e c e s s a r y (adj.) - n e g o t i a t e (v.i.) - n i n t h (n. o r adj.)
^mn&illh analum
siLL^niULDnssr kattayamdna, n e w (adj.) - onbathavathu,
^euSiULDfTosr avasiyamana, oppantham pesu
(- Guff, - Guffl) Lfl puthu,
Q^aneuiurrasT thevaiydna n e i g h b o r (n.) L/^lU puthiya onbathdm (adj. only)
necessity (n:); urgency - news (n.); subject m a t t e r - n i n e t e e n (n. o r adj.) -
siLifTiuih kattayam, pakkatthu vlttdr, G)<5F^(dSsrr) seythi(gal)
^eil&iULCi avasiyam n e v f s p a p e r (n.); m a g a z i n e patthonbathu
n e c k (n.) - andai vlttdr u^@/fl<B!n65 patthirikkai n i n e t e e n t h (n. o r adj.)
kalutthu n e i g h b o r i n g (adj.) - n e x t (in time)
n e c k l a c e (u.) - uAs^^ pakkatthu patthonbathdvathu,
^^1 adutthu
neither - n e x t (in space) -
kalutthu mdlai, -s-ih . . . ^eoeu patthonbathdm (adj. only)
ff!BlS\e5\ uAsi^^ pakkatthu n i n e t y (n. o r adj.)
-um . . . alia
n e c k l a c e (n.); g a r l a n d - n e r v e (n.) -
n e x t ([an] other) - QarremmirTpi
iiWU maru, LOpp marra thonnuru
LDiremev mdlai rsryLDLf narambu

100 101
ninetieth (n. or adj.) -
Qajaememninneiis,!
thonnuravathu,
QanTsssremrrpiTLD
thonnuram (adj. only)
no; not -
^ s b e n s o illai
noble (adj.) -
uyartharamana,
perunthanmaiyana
noon (n.) notice (v.t.); take care - o
xeiieefl kavani
LD^iuih mathiyam, obey (v.i.); calm down
LD^^lurTGHTLO matthiySnam, notice (n.) - cg>/l_(E/(g adahgu
rgsssrusiiA) nanbagal ^^s&Ul-J arivippu obey (v.t); listen; a s k -
normal (adj.); usual - Qam kel
Quir^mrT^l^ pothumathiri, notiiy (v.t.) -
ari (Gffiilffi, Gdsiigi)
3'fr^trp'assriX!fTssr object (v.t.) -
satharanwnana Q^l^eSI therivi
north (adj.), northern - (Q^/flo51ffl, G)^iflsSI0gi) ethirppu kUru
SUL_ vada now (adv.) - - ffiiirS))
the north (n.) -
(- i6in),

objection (n.) -
nobleness (n.); greatness ^ijGurr ippo,
S-iU^^rriJa uyartharam, sui_(g vadakku ^iySuiTd ippdthu, ST^irUL/ ethirppu
Quq^mw perumai nose (n.); beak - ^iljQurr(Lp^ ippoluthu obligation (n.); duty -
fy)<K(g miikku nowhere (adv.) - sil^anui kadamai
nobly (adv.) - nose-ring C-stud) (n.) - obtain (v.t.); reach; approach -
uyartharamdga, ftp@^P mukkutthi engum illai (^emt^tu, cgycnf^^)
not (used attributively) - nuisance (n.) obtainable (pred.)
Qu(<SS)LDlU!Td ^ s b s u alia S)ES)L_(g/i kidaikkum
not s o ? - Qssrrscemeii thollai
perumaiyaga number (n.) - not obtainable (pred.)
noise (n.) - ^eostneoiurr illaiya SlmiSiStT^ kidaikkdthu
a^^^LD sattham note (v.t.) - <oT<STSsr en
not available (pred.) -
noisily (adv.); aloud - ^nSlLJLSlQl kurippidu , assign number(s) (v.) - y)L_iung/ kidaiyathu
a^^^Lorra satthamaga ( - @ 1 _ , -gjL.) ffTSMT GlsrrQi en kodu occasion (n.); t u m -
none; nobody (pron.) - nothing (n.) - (- QsirQiAa;, - QartQi^gi) ^i_S!nsi/ thadavai
onrum illai number (v.t.); count occasion (n.); time; religion -
onram illathu, eressTfmi emu
zero (n.) - (eTGMTSHar, ersMrcinifl)
ffUiiuih samayam
omvarum illai L ^ u j t i ) bUjyam

102 103
 occasionally (adv.) - oU (edible) (n._)-
^tsisiG\<oissriu enney
sila samayangalil oily (adj.)
occasionally; sometimes - isj'sisfQemiLiu ums^\Lfeneir
eruGunQe^fT eppotho, enney-p-pasaiyulla
old (adj.); mature-
eppothdvathu uas)LpiU palaiya,
occupy (space) (v.t) - Qfi^iu muthiya
^L-{BiQsrrerr idangol old man (n.) -
(-Qff?rstr, -QsneisrQi) SlLpeuek kilavan
occupation; work; industry - old woman (n.) -
Q^fTi^d) tholil SlLfieSl kiiavi
ocean (n.); sea -
on (prep.); on top of; for-
L.isb laidal Lfigj mithu, QLDSO mil,
of (possessive) - GtoGsu inele
-_ni_ttJ -udaiya one (adj.); a, an (art.)
offer (v.t.) -
Qs;nQ\
9 oru
one (thing) (u.) -
(Qn, Q / 7 ^ ^ ) ; e^eirgjj onru
^ s i f l all one (person) -
(^aSffiar, .^e^^) ^(i^ajp^ oruvar (m.f.),
office (n.) - s^Oa/sar oruvan (m.),
^^eueoxiii aluvalagatn 9(Y5^@ orutthi(f.)
officer (n.); official - onion (n.)
<=Si/@65ff/fi athikari vengayam
QeuiiismuLD
often (adv.) only (one) -
^U^sssuf. adikkadi, s^Sjr ore,
UffO(Lpes)n} pdlamurai ^eeflGtU thaniye
104
only (not more) oppress (v.t.) -
UiLL(5)Lb mattum cSV(ip<B@ amukku
only (adv.), for one purpose
LDfT^^prili matthiram ^ ( L p ^ ^ alutthu
open (v.t.) - (^(^0, 5V(tf^^)
^/p rfjfra 0/D,gjp/^) or; if not
open (adj.) - ^ebsu^ allathu
^p^^ thirantha or (otherwise) -
open (start) (v.) -
illSvittal,
Q^/TL_/E/@ thodahgu
^siiiMrre)SIU).(FO illSvidil
(Q^m-jiis, Q^iTLjiiS))
openii^ (n.); entrance - order (n.); (one's) turn
(Lpema) murai
ajfTuSlA) vayil
opinion (n.); idea, thought - order (command) (v.L) -
LL(_!nsrru5)(jl kamlaiyidu
s;q^^l{mrj) karutthu(rai)
opponent (n.) (-)'-, -g)L(Si);
er^lfl ethiri ^emsmuSlQi Smiyidu
opportunity (n.); chance- order (n.), coimnand -
eurriuuL] vayppu, xiLL^anerr kattalai,
ff^^^UULD santharppam ^messr anai
opportunity (n.); occasion order (peaceful situation) -
ffLDlULb samayam ^eiS)LD^ amaithi
oppose (v.t) - ordered (adj.); disciplined-
S7^/T ethir ^(S^nlL0^^J/r6W
(s^!7ffi, ei^d^gd)
amaithiyana,
opposite, before (in space) -
6T^/r ethir, er^Qir ethire, e^(Lpii/srre!ST oluhgana
ej^rjneisr ethirana orderliness (n.) -
e^(Lgrki(eF, olungu
105
in an o r d e r l y m a n n e r (adv.) - other, theother (pron.) -
o u t e r (adj.) - o w n (v.t.); possess
LDprp tnarra,
e^Q^iii'SrTa; olungdga
Qeue/rl veil QuprSl(l$ perriru
o r d i n a r y (adj.) - Lopn^gJ marrathu
oven (n.) - (-g)(g, -^(sm)
other; different; what's m o r e - ^QiULj aduppu o x ( n . ) ; oxen; cattle -
satharana( mana) GeugjJ veru over (above) (prep.) - ST(75^ eruthu,
o r d i n a r i n e s s (n.) -
otherwise (conj.); o r Qweo mel arrstneiTLDn kalaimddu,
^sosoiTsiSlLLirTso illdvittdl, o v e r (across) (prep.) - LonQi madu
satharanam
g)susi)/r6i5)t9.sl) illdvidil (g^sGs; kurukke
organization (n.); institution -
o u r (exclusive) (adj.) - over (finished) P
^ODLDULl amaippu
eriajxerr engal, pace (n.); walk -
organize (v.t.); establish -
eTlilSier^ei!)L^UJ engaludaiya
mudi{vdna) /5(S3)Z_ nadai
^(SnLD amai o v e r t u r n (v.i.) -
p a g e (n.); side; v i c i n i t y
o u r (inclusive) (adj.) -
ffl5)y) kavil
ueiaiLCi pakkam
o r i g i n (n.); r o o t - IBLD nam, {m^Lp, a5)y)i5^)
p a i l (n.); bucket -
[Blli(Lpe!nL^uj nammudaiya o v e r t u r n (v.L) -
^ s u t i mulam
eunsB vdli
seSl^ kavil
o r i g i n a l l y (adv.); at first - o u r s (exclusive) (pron.) -
(i5?y>(K, . s n 5 ) y ) ^ ^ ) p a i n (v.i.); ache -

engaludaiyathu overturn (v.t) - sueSI vali

muthanmuthaldga
ours (inclusive) (pron.) - i_/{rL_(jl purattu
o r n a m e n t (n.) p a i n (n.); ache -
!BLD(lfias)liU^ {qiTUL^, L/irel^.)
^sssfi^seveir) ani(galan)
nammudaiyathii be o v e r t u r n e d (v.i.); revolve-
aieSl vali
o r n a m e n t (v.) p a i n f u l (adj.) -
ourselves (excl., reflex, pron.) - Lyfrsfr pural
(w/ clothes, jewels) - rBmsiaQen nShgale (L/jrerr, q[rsm(Si) eueSliunetsT valiydna
^emsfl ani o w e (v.i.) - p a i n l e s s (adj.)
ourselves (incl., reflex, pron.) -
(^6S3fl<B, ^esafi^^)
rSnQlD name eueSl ^sceon^ vali illdtha
o r n a m e n t (n.);jeweir)' - kadan pattiru
out, outside (n.) -
p a i r (n.); couple -
flSSJiiS nagai (- U L a i ; . , - uil.tii.(s^)
QsL/srSuL/ffjti velippuram
o w n (adj.) - G^mq. jodi
o t h e r (adv., p r o n . ) ; o t h e r w i s e - out, outside (adv.)
Qs=n^^ sontha, p a p e r (sheet) (n.)
LDipgxi rnarru Qeve/HGiu veliye
Qa^n^^LnnesT sonthamdna srT^s^Lb kdgitham

106
107
parents (n.) - passenger (n.) - pay (v.t.) - percent
QupQpnir perrSr iSlijujnessfl (uiuicSJsff) 3=LDuerTLD QsfrQi ff^eS^LD sathavitham

park (public garden) (n.) - pirayani (payani) sambalam kodu perfect (adj.); flawless
Lj^lRISfT puhgd passionately (adv.) - (- (fl)<s/rC51:, - Qan@0^) (^ippLopp kurramarra
^emffluiTS asaiyaga payment (n.) perhaps (adv.) -
parrot (n.) -
srS Hli
past (adj.) - QiSfrQi^^eo kodutthal e^(f^(Seijes)err oruvelai,

part (n.); portion; region -

a;/_J5^ kadantha, peace (pol. & psych.) (n.) - (^(fg3HTeo orugal
irantha ^enUD^ amaithl period (of time) (n.) -
paguthi
the past (n.) - peaceful (adj.) xneoLD kalam,
partly (adv.) - ^anLD^lurresr amaithiyana ffifraULJu^ kalappaguthi
kadantha kalam, peafowl, peacock, peahen - p e r m i t (v.t.) -
konjamnga
LDuSeo mayil ^L/i/QiSfr idahgodu
take p a r t (v.i.) -
irantha kalam peanut (n.) - (-Q(r(51ffiffi, -QanQi^gS)
uiii^ GlsrrefT pangu kol
p a t h (n.); way - (/^(a)ffi)i_S!nsi) permission (n.) -
(- QsashGrfj - QxrTew(^)
s u t ^ va/i (nila-k-)kadalai,
particle (n.); droplet
patience (n.) anumathi (anumathi)
Qmu-Qi sottu
QurrguemLD ponimai
(ver-k-)kadalai
perseverence (n.); attempt
party (political) (n.) -
katchi
patient (opp. of impatient) -
peg (n.); post; sprout, shoot (LpiupSl muyarchi,
(xpansTT mulai
Qurrg}jss)LDUjrrsu
party (pol.) (n.); association - people (n.)
porumaiyana vidd muyarchi
SLpsih kalagam msiaiecT makkal person (n.); man
patiently (adv.) -
pass (v.L); cross - is perceived (pred.), visible c ^ s r r si
L_ kada (i_, ffii_^^); porumaiydga O^/flii/ib theriyum person (n.); people -
6 5 i _ / 5 ^ G)a=sb kadanthu sel patient (medical) (n.) - perceived (adj.), visible - Guir per
(- Q^ciJeu, - Qffdffii^) (Srsmuirefh noyali Qfil^^^ therintha personal (adj.), one's o w n -
pass (an exam) (v.t.); qualify - patronage (n.); protection - not perceived, etc. (pred.) -
CS^giy f/ierw (G^p, G^jSl) ^^p'eij dtharavu Q^lfliUfT^ theriyathu sontha{mdna)
pass (n.); passage-way - pay (n.); salary - unperceived (adj.), invisible - picture (n.); f i l m (cinema)
L- sut^ kada-vali s^LDUeiTlSi sambalam Q^lfliurr^ theriydtha UL^LD padam

108 109
piece ( n . ) ; slice; t o w e l - p l a n (adj.); scheme - p l e a s i n g (adj.) - p o i n t o u t ( v . t ) , show -
gjemQi thundu ^L-lLD thittam LSLS^^^LDITSST (L.tiJ.)/Ttl(51
p l a n (v.t.) - piditthamana, (sutti-k-)kattii
Pig(_n-)-
^asfliu iiiiya {-siml^L., -srnlMf.)
(JSJT/75) panri ^LLL_L8(St thittamidu
p o i s o n (n.) -
p i g e o n ( n . ) , dove - p l e a s u r e ( n . ) ; happiness -
p l a n e t (n.) - eSla^LD visham,
^esTULD inbam,
qpfT pura ^(e^3r nanju
Qsaea kal, 3=^G^rT<Si^LCi santhosham
pffl(n.)- Slfxaiss giraham p o k e ( v . t ) ; make e n t e r -
p l e n t y (n.) -
p l a n k (n); board (wood) - r^emtp nulai
(siru] matthirai LSI(Q^ miguthi
pillar ( n . ) - uevaDS palagai
p l e n t i f u l (adj.) - police (n.) -
^essr thun p l a n t (botanical) ( n . ) -
sureneo kaval
Qa=tf sedi miguthiyana
p i l l o w (n.) - p o l i c e d e p a r t m e n t (n.) -
p l a n t (a tree, etc.) ( v . t ) ; p o e m ( n . ) ; verse; s o n g -
^emeoiuosisfl thalaiyani
f i x (a post, etc.) UfTiA) pSdal,
p i t y (n.); mercy; sympathy - kavalthurai
^(Jl nadu (jBi, !SL-(5)) Qa^iuiLjerr seyyul
^IXStSLD irakkam, p o l i c e m a n (n.)
p l a t e (dish) ( n . ) ; tray - p o e t ( n . ) ; scholar
sq^eoem karunai SifTexisVff kavalar,
^LLQ) tham L/swsu/r pulavar
p i t i f u l (adj.) - GurreSewsiiTrrir pBliskarar
p l a y (n.); d r a m a - p o e t (n.) - p o l i c y (n.) -
irakkamudaiya {BfTiSLb nadagam <S5fflS) kavi,
Offi/rSTTOTcB kolkai
p l a c e ( v . L ) ; p u t ; keep p l a y (v.L) - <Bai5)(Bj/j' kavinar
p o l i t i c s (n.)
<oS)GlJ vai (ensuffi^, anei/^^) eSletnerriUfrQi vilaiySdu p o e t r y (n.); poem -
^rjS\ujLD arasiyam
(oSssterriurTL., cSlestariuiTiii.) seSlecii^ kavithai
p l a c e (n.) -
p l a y f u l (adj.); f u n n y - p o l l u t e (v.t.)
^ L _ i i ) idam p o i n t ( n . ) ; d o t , spot
eSlssvsaturTLL-inssT qerre/a pulli
place (n.); s t a t i o n - mdsu-padutthu
vilaiyattdna p o i n t (sharp) ( n . )
filaneiiUjLD nilaiyatn (-u^^, -uO^g)
please ( v . t ) ; m a k e h a p p y - 55)J7 kur p o n d e r ( v . t ) ; t h i n k ; consider -
p l a i n (adj.); e m p t y ; m e r e - LDSlerraSI magilvi p o i n t e d (adj.) - erememi ennu
QsKl/Lb verum
si^Auj kuriya n", ffifflEirsBafl)

no
p o o r (adj.) - p o s s i b l e (aux. v . ) - p o t a t o (n.) - practise (v.t) -
e^anLpiurresr elaiyana (Lpuj-iLjib mudiyum ULps;(g palakku
p o o r p e r s o n (n.) - n o t p o s s i b l e (aux. v . ) - urulaikkilangu {uipam, uipaSi)
e^rantp elai QfiUj-iUirgl mudiyathu p o u n d (v.t.); s m a s h - p r a c t i c e (n.); custom; habit -
p o o r p e o p l e (n.) - p o s s i b l e (adj.) - idi {^Uj-ma, ^ui4gi) uipAaiM palakkam
S7S!ny)ioa;<5r elai-makkal practice (n.); training -
mudiyakkudiya p o u n d (into powder) (v.t.) -
p o p u l a r (adj.) - uu5lp& payirchi
post (n.); position, rank - QuiTLq-lUfT^S^ podiyakku
LfaLprrasT pugalana
u^eSi pathavi practice (n.); habit; going -
p o p u l a t i o n (n.) - p o u r ( v . ) ; flow d o w n
p o s t ( m a i l ) (n.) - Gu/T@ pokku
^urreo thabal seaipgll urru {asnpp, smpigl) praise ( v . t ) ; glorify -
makkalthogai p o v e r t y (n.)
p o s t office (n.) - L / y ) pugal iqxifi, qsifi^gi)
p o r c h ( n . ) , verandah -
^UfTO} ^iSeh) thabal ab'is ejipanm ebnai
p r a i s e (n.) -
eSlpn^emgi viranthai
p o s t m a n (n.) - p o w d e r (n.) - Ljsipff^ pugalcchi
p o r r i d g e (n.) -
StUneosnuasr thabal-karan Qum^ podi p r a y (v.i.); implore -
<ss(ff^^ kaiiji
p o s t (a letter, e t c . ) ( v . L ) - p o w d e r (pound into) (v.t.) LDesrpaQ^ manradu
p o r t (n.) -
gles)p(LpSLD thuraimugam ^urrso G)uLLLq.u5)A> GurrQ Qumsj.UJrTsi(^ podiyakku (w<mrpin-, Lcmprru).)
(-^jaa;, - ^ ) p r a y (v.i.) -
p o r t i o n (n.); s h a r e - thabal pettiyil pBdu
(- C!u(n_, - GumlJSi) p o w e r (n.); authority - Q^LS jebl
ua/(g pafigu
postpone ( v . t ) , put off - ^^afTlTLb athikaram
p o r t i o n (n.); division; k i n d -
0errefHuQurTQi thalli-p-podu p o w e r f u l (adj.) - Q^uth QsFiu Jebam sey
eJems vagal
(-(5u/n_, -QunCQi) UGOLDfTSST balamana (- Qffihiu, - Qefiugi)
p o s i t i o n (place) (n.) - p o t (any r o u n d e d vessel) - p o w e r f u l l y (adv.) - p r a y e r (n.) -
^/ ih idam @L_Lb kudam ueVLDfTX balamaga Q^uih jebam
possess (v.t.) - p o t (metal) (n.) - p r e c i o u s (adj.); rare -
Qsrret kol UfT0^[nh patthiram
p o w e r ( n . ) ; strength -
ueoLD balam, ^(Lb) aru(m),
(Qairsrrsrr, G)/rs5iir)
(clay) p o t (n.) ^ exieSlemLD valimai ^Q^eDLDtLHTesr arumaiyana
possession(s) ( n . ) ; goods -
urrmssr pdnai p o w e r (n.); e n e r g y - preciousness (n.); rareness-
Qs^rr^^ sotthu,
( f l o w e r ) p o t (n.) - shakthi ^Q^smLD arumai
Qa=nMSiLD sontham
(L^)G)^/Tl4. (pu-t)thotti

112 113
 press down (v.t.) - prison (n.) - p r o b l e m (n.)
pregnant (adj.) - iSlirffa^sinasr
<S(i^0^lfl00 karuttharittha
^(LpA(Q amukku ansi^ kaithi, ^ss)p sirai piracchanai
(^ap, ^(tpaSl) prison ceU (n.) - proclaim (v.t) -
become pregnant (v.i.) - . aSiffiy kiiru {sidp, sijSI)
pressure (n.) - s n a s ^ ^enp kaithi arai,
SQ^0^lfl karutthari ^(ipAailh amukkam ^anps^fflTemeo siraicchalai
p r o d u c e (n.); result; gain -
sq^sQsrrsrr karukkol prestige (n.); reputation privacy (n.); secrecy - ueoeir palan
p r o d u c e (v.t.)
{-Qarrarm, Qu(l5nLD perumai [T'X&UJLii ragasiyam
-flan-OTsr)
private (adj.); secret
&-pu^^ Qa^iu urpatthi sey
preparation (n.); arrangement- prevent (v.t.) - (- Qfffutu, - Qffiij^)
^purrQl erpadu 0Q\ (65a, fi&^gl) ria&UJLDfTesr ragasiyamana production (n.); development-
prepare (v.t.) - rSlgU^^ nirutthu privately (adv.); sectetiy - S-pu^^ urpatthi
(Lpeir<Setsripurr(S) jTS^lULorrs ragasiyamdga professor (n.) -
munnerpadu price (n.); c o s t - private (adj.), personal - Gurrrr^ifliup- perasiriyar
(- ^pu/n_, - ^^UfTis^ oSsinsii vilai ^asfluuLLL^ thanippatta, profit (u.); reward; usefulness
prepare (malce ready) (v.t) pride (n.); prestige; etc. - Qm^fi sontha L/lL/sJr payan
^lu^^LD uessrsmi Qud^emLD perumai privately (adv.), individually - profit (n.); g a i n -
ayattham pannu p r o u d (adj.) - ^ssfluUL^ thanippada, "^sotTULD labam
(- UewTCTW, - UCOTTCiafl) QuQ^anLDiLjerreir Qa^n^^LDrrs sonthamaga profitable (adj.) -
present (give) (v.t.) - perumaiyuUa privilege (n.); right, claim - sorrusfTLniTasr labagaramana
QairrQt kodu proudly (adv.) - &jfle!nLD urimai p r o g r a m (n.); project -
be present (v.i.) perumaiyaga prize (n.); reward - @L_L_li thittam
priest (X'ian) (n.) - U/flcK- parisu, project (n.); program -
^ Stmei) GufT^'X^ pSthagar Qsiy@LO@ vegumathi ^CL-LD thittam
present (tlie time uov;') (n.) - priest (gen.) (n.) - p r o b a b l e (adj.) - p r o m i s e (n.)
j^ai^arreOLD nigalkalam 3=LDiUfQQ^ samayaguru m^^iumrrssr satthiyamana eiJfr(gffj;^ vakkuruthi
press (for printing) (n.) - p r o b a b l y (adv.) - p r o m i s e (v.t)
p r i m e minister (n.) -
^ffs^aih acchagam QuqgLDUfT^ih -perumbalum eL/fr(gQ/T(4)
press (together)(v.t); squeeze - LSlpr^LO^ pirathamar, most p r o b a b l y (adv.) - vakku-k-kodu
Q^(s;(ffi nerukku pirathama manthiri ^GrS'SLDfTS anekamaga
(Q/5(i5<B<K, (o)^(/5<5S))

114 115
p r o p a g a n d a (n.) - p r o t e c t i o n ( n . ) ; patronage - p u b l i s h (v.L) - p u r i t y (n.); whiteness
i3!}'ffffr[rj'lh piraccharam ^^p^isij atharavu QsurSu5)(5) veliyidu QeiiessrsmLD venmai
p r o p e r (adj.) - p r o t e c t i o n (n.) - (-)-, -g)L-) p u r p o s e (n.) -
a^ifliurresr sariyana srreueo kaval p u l l (v.L); drag; i n h a l e - Qr^lTSf^LCi nokkum
p r o p e r l y (adv.) - p r o t e s t ( v . L ) ; oppose - p u r s u e ( v . L ) ; c o n t i n u e ; take u p
fffUlunsi sariySga ST^pr ethir(,si^fAs, si^i^gi) Qs^rTL-p- thodar
p u m p ( w a t e r , etc.) ( v . L )
be p r o p e r ( v . i . ) ; b e suitable - p r o u d (adj.) - (Q^iTL.rr, Q^nii^si)
^pn)J erru {^pp, ^rjjjil)
QurTQ^^^ porunthu pursue (v.L); follow -
)u(75einLo(iiysfrsyr) p u m p (n.) -
perumai(yulla)
iSleirQ^mlj pinthodar
p r o p e r (adj.) - {-Q^tjL^fT, -(o)^n'jL_iJ755y)
p r o u d l y (adv.) - yanthira-k-kulay
pursue (v.L); c h a s e -
p u n i s h (v.L) -
porunthamdna, perumaiyaga ^<J^1 dhuratthu
^emiq. dhandi
^ScK thakka, p r i d e (n.) - (assiairifffiffi, ^eis!tii.0i);
^@/5^ thaguntha Qu(!^es)LD perumai p u s h (v.t.); remove -
s^tsssTL sa^cw ^<oJ^
p r o p e r t y (n.) - ^srrisyj thallu
p r o v e (v.t.) dhandanai all
fflff/r^jS/ sotthu (0eiieiT, ^errsiS)
rS\^l3 nirubi (- ^5r9ffi, - ^em^gj)
propose (v.t.) - p u t (v.t.); throw -
p i m i s h m e n t (n.)
GurrQi podu
" S ^ g U kilru (>JD, ai.55)) QLDIUULS meyppi ^essrismesr dhandanai
( G u m _ , Gu/TL.)
p r o p r i e t y ( n . ) ; respect (QuituOiSaa, QLDiuiJi30gi) p u p i l (n.); s t u d e n t -
p u t ( v . L ) ; place; keep -
sj(y)/5/@ oluhgu p r o v i d e (v.L); give LDfTessroj^ manavar
prosper (v.i.); live - QarrQt kodu etneu vai {enojoa, enai0i)
purchase (v.L), buy -
Giirrlp vol {sUlTLp, GUtTI^^^) (Q/T(ilffi, QarrQi^gi) p u t d o w n (v.t.) -
ojnrsJtQ vangu
p r o v i s i o n (n.) - ^/Da;(g irakku
p r o t e c t ( v . t ) ; save - {ammm, amiiiSi)
StTUUrrpgi] kappdrru ^fflfl^^su alitthal (g)pffl, g)isg!)
p u r e (adj.)
(anuunpp, s>rruuiTpi&y, p u b l i c (adj.); c o m m o n ; u s u a l p u t o n (v.t.); w e a r -
a^^LDirevr sutthamana
^^trai ^efil atharavu all QurT^(eurresr) pothu(vana) ^essfl ani
p u r i t y ( n . ) ; cleanliness -
(- ^nSffiffl, - ^eS^gd); p u b l i c a t i o n (n.)
Si^^LD suttham, udutthu
^rjll-Sl iratchi Qeue/HuSlQi^eo veliyiduthal,
L^esfls^lh punitham
QajefiluSQi veliyldu

116 117
 quick (adj.); soon - railway station (n.) r e a c h (v.t); approach; g e t -
Q Bs;S\!Xlh slkkiram, irii5)si) fflaneoiuLD ^S3iL_ adai
qualitj' (n.); character; health - ffsSlp'LDrrisw sikkiramana, rayil nilaiyam
rain (n.) - r e a c h (v.L); reach f o r -
(gswUD gunam QeusiLDrmsin vegamdna ettu (TLa_, m l ^ - )
LDe!S)Lp malai STL.(5)
quality (n.); condition; nature - quickly (adv.) - r e a c h (v.i.); join with -
^eiranLD thanmai &SiSl[nDrT3i sikkiramaga, rain (v.i.) - QffSl ser (CSffjT, Ga'fi^gi);
quantity (n.) - QsusLDnsi vegatndga, LDsmLp Qudj malai pey QufTiLl GffiT poy ser
eSlenrjeunsi I eSlmijeSleCi (- Quiljtu, ~ Qutu^)
^erreij alavu
viraivaga / viraivil raise (v.L) -
quarrel (n.); fight- react (v.t); 'hit back' -
quiet (n.)*; peacefulness - S-iUff^^ uyartthu ei^^^^U^ ethirtthadi
ffswsiDL sandai ^es)LD^ aimithi (a-ujff-^, s-m^) (ffi^ff^ii^, ^a00'^fSl)
quarrel (v.); fight- quiet (adj.); peaceful raise (v.t.); lift; pump (up) - r e a d (v.t); study -
sandaiyidu ^e^LD^iurresr amaithiyana i^^gy erru Ulsf, padi
quarter (1/4) (n.); f o o t - quote; expressing (thus) - r a n k ( n . ) ; position-
toTsir en (sTor, ffresr^) surrS\
srreo kal
quarter part (n.) - U^'sSi pathavi
R rapid (adj.) - r e a d i n g (n.)
kal pagam rabbit (n.); hare - GeusiLDnesT vegamana, UUfJJLI padippu
queen (n.) - ((QL^)(LpujiA} (kuli)muyal
eSlasyff^^ viraintha ready; readiness (n;) -
jr/rssirf? rani, race (v.i.); run quickly - r a r e (adj.); precious - ^lU^^LD Syattham,
^rrS\ ^({LD) aru(m), ^tunfr thayar
9 ( i l ddu (^[_, ^if);
^q^enwiurran' arumaiyana real (adj.)
question (v.t); ask -
Gffisfr kel
Qsuanarres s^(5) rareness (n.); preciousness - QLDIUU-rresr meyyc
vegamaga odu ^q^(SS)LCs arumai s _ s w i LDiurreisr un.a!\ana
((SaCs, G ' I 1 ) ; radicalism (n.); intensity - r a t (n.); m o u s e - reality ( r . , -
^ajprih thivaram Ts6) eli s-sisrec. o unnuii
GserrsSI Gaerr kelvikel railroad (railway track) (n.) -
(- GmCs, - QmC) r a t e (n.); p r i c e - really (ad\ -
question (n.) -
iruppu-p-pathai oSsmso vilai S-ismeiS)L lUfTX unma -r^a
G6iri5i5) kelvi
118 119
 r e a l k e (v.t.); recognize - r e c o r d i n g (n.); registration - r e g i s t e r (n.) - r e l e a s e (v.t.); leave; a b a n d o n -
_S5iirff unar {suemir, s-emi^gi) L / ^ o y pathivu Sl5?(51 vidu (n5)i_, OSLLIJ))
r e a s o n (n.); cause -
r e d (redness) ( n . ) - palhivu-p-pusthagam r e l e a s e (n.) -
snfjemCa kdranam r e g i s t r a t i o n (n.); r e c o r d i n g eSQl^eO viduthal,
^exiUL) sivappu viduvippu
r e a s o n a b l e (adj.) -
r e d (adj.) -
u ^ Q / pathivu QSIQXSSIULI
Hj/nuLDfresr niyayamana r e g r e t (v.i.) - r e l e a s e (v.t.) -
r e b e l (n.) - ^eu^^ sivantha tSL;s!ncuuu(51 Q5)(515) viduvi
>KSU65<5<ss/rrssr kalagakkdran r e f o r m ( v . t . ) - kavalaippadu
(o5)(ileiS, siS)(J)a5)jl^)
r e b e l (v.t.) - 0^(3^^ slrthirutthu r e l i g i o n (n.); o p p o r t u n i t y -
r e f o r m (n.); i m p r o v e m e n t -
(-ui_, -uilgi);
ff=LDtUlJD samayam
(ethir-k-)kilarcchi sey varuttham therivi r e m a i n (v.i.); wait; b e -
^/j-@(/5^S5ii sirthiruttham (- Q^/flofl, - Q^/S^psi)
r e f u g e (n.) - r e g u l a r (adj.) - r e m a i n (v.i.); lie a r o u n d
r e c e i v e (v.t.); g e t - USeSll ih pugalidam,
Qu^ peru (Qup, Qupsn) (Lpes)pujrresr muraiyana, S)z_ kida (Sli_, Sti-^gj)
s=rTsmLC> saranam ^(Lpiii^xrresr olungana
r e c e i v e (v.t.); b u y ; g e t - r e m a i n (v.i.); stay -
r e f u g e e (n.)
suff/i/gj vaAgu r e g u l a r i t y (n.); o r d e r - thahgu {0mis,0miSl)
{euiTiiia, ojiTiiiSi) agathi Qpemp murai r e m a i n d e r (n.); excess -
r e f u s e (v.t.); d e n y - r e g u l a r l y (adv.); orderly -
r e c e n t (adj.) - mithi
ffLSu^0UJ samibatthiya Logu maru (^(LflBJsrTS olungaga r e m e m b e r (v.t.); t h i n k -
r e c e p t i o n (n.) - reject (v.t) - {flaneu ninai
surjQeupLf varaverpu r e g a r d (n.); respect 6 ! ! ^ kali {mifl&si, aifi^gi) i^enesrAa, /SfinEW^aa);
r e c o g n i z e (v.t.); realize - LO^ULj rnathippu r e j e c t (v.t.); turn a w a y -
s^emir UTiar r e g i o n (n.); part - U)njy maru [wi^ma, Logu^gl) ninaivu padutthu
{sL-smg, a.essrff^gi)
U ( g @ paguthi t h r o w a w a y (v.t.) -
(- u(Si^, - u(Si0^)
r e g i o n (n.); circle - 'Do you remember me?' -
r e c o r d (n.); n o t e - ^OT(e5 thallu (fienetT, ^rst9)
(^i^ULj kurippu euiLlLD vattam r e l a t i o n s (relatives) (n.) - Ennai ninaivirukkirathd?
r e c o r d (v.L); note r e g i s t e r (v.t.) .a^ihu^^lh sambantham r e m i n d (v.t.) -
u^exj Qa=iu pathivu sey rUmemoj^lLQi ninaivuttu
<S^^Si kuritthu vai (- QcFtUlU, - QfflLI^)
r e l a t i o n s h i p (n.) -
_/OSi/ uravu (-aflTLL., -smCvi.)
(- tsiaiss, - esiai^i)
120 121
 r e m o v e ( v . t ) ; take o f f r e p l y (n.);answer
rescue (n.) - restless (adj.) -
^{fiP&J kalarru U0t<so pathil
<^TS\L.9\^^<so iratchitthal, (^lueSistiisorT^ oyvillatha
r e p l y (v.) -
^jrtl^lJL/ iratchippu restaurant (n.) -
remove (v.t); pick up - U^sb dsn pathil kodu
a.sssT'Si/iSSii) unavagam,
6T(J1 edu (srSlaa, n^^) (- QairCgiAa;, - QmrrSi^gi) research (n.); investigation

remove (v.t);.dismiss- report (v.t) - ^CrrrtuffS) SrSycchi ffl5?(51^ viduthi

/fi55@ nikku (fiss,$aSi) ^g^aSl arlvi do r e s e a r c h (v.) -

restrain (v.t); control

(,^g5)si57<sffi, ^i^tsS)^^) ^ l _ c B @ adakku

r e n o w n (n.); fame -
r e p o r t (n.) - (^i_ffi, ^uASl)
L/ffiZp pugal araycchi sey
^ffS<SSiD<B arikkai, r e s t r a i n t (n.); obstacle
r e n o w n e d (adj.); famous - (- Qa^iiiiu, - Qa^iugi)
Qffiu^ seythi ^S5)l_ thadai
LjSLpfresr pugaldna r e s e m b l e (v.t.) -
repress (v.t.); restrain - result (n.); effect
repair (v.t) - o (5, ef^gl);
cSyL_@ adakku LKoCGST palan
fl Qffiu sari sey epuuiT(^ oppagu
(^(_ffi, ^ ( _ ) - r e s u l t (n.) -
(- Qffiutu, - Qffiiigi);
r e p r o d u c e (fr. memory) (v.) - (LptSj.eil mudivu
U(iglU!Tp- paluthu-par QufTeO pol iru
S^ULSI oppi
(- - Sims') r e t i r e (v.i.) -
resolution (n.); d e c i s i o n - e^^rsj^ othungu
repeat (action) ( v . t ) -
r e p u t a t i o n (n.); name -
LD^ULSf.
(rSn))Quujpi
QsPiU ^^LDrresrih thlrmSnam
(nar)peyar retire (someone) ( v . t ) -
marupadi sey respect (n.); propriety
r e p u t a t i o n (n.); prestige - (^lusij Qsn oyvu kodu
(- Qffiiitu, - Qffiugi); LDlfliurran^ mariydthai
(- QanQiAa, - QmnQi^gi)
LSeisrQiLD LSemQiiii Qa^iir Quq^esiLD perumai
r e s p o n s i b i l i t y (n.)
request (v.t) - r e t i r e m e n t (n.)
mindum mlndum sey
Qurr^ULi poruppu
r e p e a t ( w h a t w a s said) (v.) - (3sn- kel (GxiLs, G^ilgl)
r e s p o n s i b l e (adj.) - oyvu peruthal
LDgiJULq.iLjih Qff/ra) r e q u e s t (n.) -
QufTg^iULjeherr poruppulla r e t u r n ( g o back) (v.i.) -
marupadiyum sol Gsmflsema korikkai,
rest (relaxation) (n.) - ^Ql^Lbq thirumbu
(- Qsneoeo, - QsiraisSI) (5sijis55r(Ji(3ffin'sir vendukol
repeat; reproduce (fr. m e m o r y ) <^iueif oyvu
rescue (v.t)
rest (relax) (v.i.) - r e t u r n (come back) (v.i) -
e^UlSI oppi ^{TLL^ iratchi
^(LDL9 sun thirumbi va
(guiSsd!, ^ULS^) <^dj oy
(- ojn, - oj^gi)

122 123
r e t u r n (give back) (v.t.) - rice (unhusked) (n.) - right (adj.); c o r r e c t - riot (v.) -
Q / 5 s b nel fflfliUfTesT sariyana, assDffitb uejsremi
thiruppi-k-kodu rice(husked, but u n c o o k e d ) - GrSCrrrasT nerana. kalagam pannu
(-QsirQims, -QsirQi^gi) ^tfl^ arisi (- Utoa'fllbaor, - L/swcBufl)
r e v e n g e (n.) - righteous (adj.) -
ULp pali, rice (cooked) (n.) - (Srsp'mLDUJrresr nermaiyana rip (v.L); tear o f f -
ULflAf^u Ulfi palikku-p-pali Qs^rT(!^ soru, righteousness (n.) - Sll^ kili (g)f^ffi, glyS^iH)
take r e v e n g e (v.t.) -
ffTT^LD satham Q^fsesiia nermai b e ripped (v.i.) -
rich (adj.); w e a l t h y r i g h t (side) (adj.) - kill (Sttfiiu, Stifi^si)
palikku-p-pali vangu Q^GOeuQperrefr selvamulla eusvLDfrasr valamana, rise (sun, star) (v.i.) -
(- euiTiija, - ojiTiiiS) riches (n.); w e a l t h - eueo^Lfrp valathupura LirpuuQi purappadu
r e v o l t (v.i.) - Qs^eiieuLD selvam right (side) (n.) (-ui_, -uCQi)
qr^C&\ puratchLsey rich p e o p l e (n.) - r i s e (sun) (v.i.) -
(-flffiuiu,- Qffuj^); Qffeoaj^^pr selvanthar valathu (pakkam) sS\ls^ vidi (nS)L^(u, ciSujJB^)
rich m a n (n.) - m a k e right (v.t.) - r i s e (from bed) (v.i.) -
<SSDti) Q f f i u kalagam sey uessrAxirtxeir panakkaran 3=lfl GlffUJ sari sey <oT(Lg elu (sTip, ^(ip^gi)
rich v c o m a n (n.) (- Glffiiitu, - Qffdj^) r i s e (go u p , climb) (v.i.) -
(- Qs^iutu, - Qa^tugi)
uemssmfl panakkari r i n g (v.L); h i t - 6T(y)[iL/ elumbu
r e v o l u t i o n a r y (adj.) -
^isj. adi i^uf.as,
puratchigaramana ride (in. a vehicle) (v.) - (i(ynbu, erftgihiSf);
r e v o l u t i o n a r y (person) (n.) - ' R i n g t h e bell.' -
vaganameri-c-chellu GLDCDSU Qffec mele sel
puratchikknran (-Q3:a)eo, -Qffsagu) mani adi I adiyuhgal.
r e v o l v e (v.i.); b e overturned - r i n g (on finger, toe) (n.) - (- Qfl^co, - Qifrcngy)
ride (on a n i m a l o r i n vehicle) river (n.) -
L/JTsfr pural {Ljprar, L/jTsrar)) ffOJlTlfl QfflU savarisey GLon^lTLD mothiram
r e w a r d (n.); profit (- QiFIUlU, - flfflLMy)
r i n s e (clothes, vessels, etc.) - r o a d (n.); h i g h w a y
Uiueir payan ride (n.) - c 5 / < 5 U * alasu {^013:, ^eo^) QrjrT(S\ ^ / r o i s u salai
r e w a r d (n.) - {FeurrA savari r i n s e (v.); w a s h (not laundry) - r o b (petty) (v.L) -
QKUQLD^ vegumathi, r i g h t (n.); claim tXQpeiJ kaluvu ((y)su, a^yiaS) ^ ( 5 ( 5 thirudu O!-, g'^)
QsiiQUJffsir/i vegumanam riot (n.) - r o b (grand l a r c e n y ) (v.L) -
a_/fls!nu3 urimai Qa/TsyrsinfflTli/Uf. koljaiyadi
xeosLD kalagam

124 125
 robber (n.) - root (of a plant) (n.) ruffian (n.) - rule (n.); fate -
@(75_sJr thirudan, aS)@ vithi
QsfTsfrsmeassrrp'eir Qeil^ ver (Lpp'L-eir muradan run (v.i.)
kollaikkdran rope (n.), string - ruin (n.); misfortune -
robbery (n.) - <S(i5)njy kayiru Qs;($i kedu,^ifia^ alivu ^(5> 0^" (gi-> 94-)
^(yjtlg) thiruttu, rough (adj.) be ruined, spoiled (v.i.) S
QiXrreireinerr kollai murattuttlianamana, (o)<ss(51 kedu sack (n.); bundle -
rock (n.); gem- Q<srr^^ eSluurrm (QL_, Glail);
gptlEiDL muttai.
a<sc kal konthalippana sacred (adj.) -
large rock (n.); hillock - roughly (adv.) - QaiLQi QUIT kettu po L/ssfl^LD/rasr punithamana
urremp parai (- Gurra, - Gumii) sacredness (n.); holiness
rocky (adj.) - murattutthanamdga ruin (v.L); (v.i.);
spoil-be lost- L/ssfl^LD punitham
urretnpiun'asr pdraiyana, round (adj.) be(o)65(il
ruined sacrifice (n.) -
si/LLL-iO/rssr vattamSna Q^fToneo kedutholai ueS} ball,
spurremp karpami round (around) (prep.) -
rod (n.); bar- 3?pn9epiLD surrilum ^lurraih thiyagam
thadi ruin (v.L); kjU; lose - sacrifice (v.) -
roll (v.L); make roll- royal (adj.) - Q^fTsmsu tholai ueSli&Qi baliyidu
S-(LLQI urum Urr^ixiDrrasr rajangamana, (uaS!u5)i_, usfluSlL);
^p'ffpr<S(gif)uj arasarkkuriya be ruined (v.i.); perish - ^lurraih Qffiu thiyagam sey
be rolled over (v.i.) - royalty (n.); kingdom- ^ifi ali (^ySttj, ^ifi^gi) (- Qa^iuiu, - Q&iiig!)
L/zrerr pural {qiren, Lftrmr) c?i//r<S arasu ruin (v.t.) sad (adj.)'-
roof(n.)- rub_ (v.L) - ^ifi all i^ifl&a, ^ifi^si') ^s;si{ap)LDrTe!ST
(5LO/oi.S!0/r merkurai ^ e i n z _ thudai rule (n.); administration dhukka(gara)mana -
room (n.) - ^L-S) atchi- sadness (n.)
Q^lLi they rule (v.t.); govern ^ ^smiM dhukkam
^anp ami be rubbed away (v.i.) ^LLffl Qa^iLl atchi sey safe (adj.) -
large room (n.); hall - Q^ij they (Gasiu, Q^ih^gi) (- Qffiuiu^ - Qffiugj') u^^P'LDnesi patthiramana
rubber (eraser) (n.) - rule (n.) - safely (adv.) -
aSiILO kSdam 'prijup'' rappar S=LLIIJ> sattam U^^p-LDtra patthiramana
root, origin (n.)
^eOLJa mulam
126 127
safety (n.); security - sapling (n.) - scheme (n.); plan seashore (n.); seaside -
^ILL^LO thittam t95i_j)i5SS5icr kadarkarai
u^^rjLB patthiram G)3=Ufl sedi scholar (n.); p o e t - season (n.); time, era
sail (v.i.) - satisfaction (n.)", fulfilment- Lfsoeu^ pulavar dS/rsuti) kalam
suusSieo Qa^so {Lnesr)riletsipeij scholarship (expertise) (n.) - time of year (n.) -
kappalil sel LjeoemLD pulamai uqgeuLD paruvam,
(mana)niraivu, U(5sufrsULb paruvakalam
SL.eSlpLSp'UjrTesnh Qs^iu ^ ( T J L / ^ thirupthi school (n.) -
satisfy (v.t.) - seasoning spoon (n.) -
kadalirpirayamm sey ^(J5Ij^-Qa=IU thirupMsey palli{-k-ku4am)
(- Qffiiiiu, - Qfftugi) science; field of knowledge - talippu-k-karandi
(- Qffiijiu, - Qsiugi) seat (n.) -
sailor (n.) - Saturday (n.) - ^l^sSliueo ariviyal
LDrr^LB malumi, scissors (n.) - ^a=esrLO asanam
3=asfl^SlLps!nLD sanikkilamai second (l/60th of a minute)
suuQecmLu^ kappaWtti save (v.t.); protect-
katthiri(kkol} sSlesini^._ vinadi
salary (n.) - anuunnjgn kapparru scorn (v.) second (sifter 1st) (n. or adj.) -
ffWUeiTLD sambalam {snuunpp, smJunprSI)
sale (n.) - savories (n.); snacks - Qeygu veru
eSlpuemesr (fflsug/ffi*, Qeuiru^gi) irandavathu,
LUSoarTlXLa palagaram
virpanai say (v.); teU - scream (v.i.)
saliva (n.) - ^eogil alaru irandam (adj. only)
ffTcor en (ffrcsr, crcsrffi/); secret (n.); secrecy, privacy -
ST#^d) ecchil Qffireo sol (Q^rraiea, Qffrra)^) {^evp, =3ysuj5))
salt (n.) - scream (n.) p'sSltULD ragasiyam
say (v.t); speak - secret (adj.) -
(Su3i pesu (Gus:, GuSf) ^etipeo alaral
S> I'lLj uppu sculpture (n.) rra&UJLDlTeiST ragasiyamana
saying (n.); word; l a n g u a g e - secretly (adv.) -
same (of one type) (adj.) - Qwrrifi moli S\n)ULD sirpam
sea (n.); ocean !X3;\ujLDlTSi ragasiyama
s^(3p' LDfT^ifliurrasr proverb (n.) - secretary (n.)
SL-tso kadal
ore mathiriyana ULpQlDfTL^ pala-moli search (v.t); look f o r - Qffiueonenir seyalalar
the same (an identity) (n.) - s a y i n g . . . ; expressing ...; quote G^Ql thedu sector (n.); department -
ore thanmai ^loSrrni enru (CS^L, G^^.) ^es>ip thurai
sandals (n.) - scene; sight; appearance (n.)
Qa^q^ULj seruppu SfTlL^ katchi
128 129
 be separated (v.i.); depart - seventh (n. or adj.) -
security (n.) - send (v.t) - tS/fl piri (iSSiii, i3ifl$gi) ejifirraj^ eiavathu,
srreuiA) kaval, ^^lllLj anuppu
separation (n.) - (^LpfTLD e/am (adj. only)
urTi3i[Tuq pathukappu - (^SUuu, ^gi/utS) tS/flsi/ pirivu seventeen (n. or adj.) -
see (v.t.); find o u t - sense (one of the 5 senses) separable (adj.) - U^QesT(Lg pathinela
XfTessr kdn (arrsm, mmr(^) Ljsoeii pulan
seventeenth (n. or adj.) -
see (v.t.); look; t r y - (^LOLjevmixdr aimbulangaf) pirikkakkudiya
Unrp' par {uirp-aa, sensation (n.) -
urrir^gi) series (a number of things) - pathinelavathu,
see (v.i.); understand - a.sssr/T'JS unarcchi Q^ni^ thodar U^GssTLpniJa
Q^ffl then (Q^/fl, Q^ifl^gi) perceptible (adj.) - sermon (n.) - pathinelam (adj. only)
seed (of plant) (n.) - s^emp'S^Sl iLjeketr seventy (n. or adj.) -
eSieme^ vithai, eSl^gi vitthu unarcchiyulla pirasahgam STQ^U^ elubathu
seek (v.t); look f o r - perceptibly (adv.) - serve (v.L) - seventieth (n. or adj.)
e s ^ thedu (Qist-.G^u).); usssfl QfflU pani sey eT(Lpus5rreij^
unarcchiyaga (- Q^iliiu, - Qs^ihgi);
n5ff(Fl "adu (j5fri_, (jn-ii}.) eluhathavathu,
sentence (in law) (n.) - Q^iremQi Q<s=iu thondu sey
seem (v.i.) -
^ffULi thlrppu
CS^/reJwj/ thonru service (n.) - elubatham (adj. only)
(G^narp, G^/rsJrn})) sentence (pass judgment) (v.) - usissfl pani, several (on the more side) -
seize (v.L); catch- Q^neisr thondu U S D pala
thirppu-c-chol
LSIUJ. pidi t3ij.0gi) set (v.t); place - several (on the less side)
select (v.t); choose; elect- separate (adj.) - emeu vai (aneuisa, anoj^gi) ^su sila
G^p-pQ^Q'themthedu ' settle (v.t); adjust- severe (adj.)
(-sjglffiffi, -erSi^gi) thanimaiyana ^onLD amai
selection (n.) - separately (adv.) - kadumaiyana
Gs^eij thervu become settled (v.i.); suit - severity (n,); harshness -
self (reflex, pron.) thanitthaniye ^esiLD amai sQ\a!)LD kadumai
^rreir than separate (v.t); divide - sew (v.t.); stitch-
sell ( v . t ) - i-5)/fl piri seven (n. or adj.) - an^ thai
eSleo vil (eSlps, aSpgy) ^(iP elu

131
130
 sewing macliine (u.) - shape ( v . t ) - sheep (n.) - shopkeeper (n.) -
_(J5UfriB(g uruvdkku QffLDLDf^ me!i)L_asn[rpr kadaikkarar
thaiyal mashin semmari adu shore (n.); b o r d e r -
(-=%, -^m
shake (v.t); agitate- share (n.); portion - sheep/goat (n.) - 6ian[r karai
^es)ff asai uiij(g pahgu ^ Sdu * short (adj.); deficient
shine (v.i.) - (ggliSlUJ kurugiya,
share (to give a part) (v.t.) -
shake (v.i.); sway - ^einpeurrasr kuraivana
urilSlQi pangidu pirakashi
cSyanff asai short (in length, height) -
(L5lr/rSa5, iSI[r3in^0^)
share (to take a part) ( v . t ) - (gtLsjnt-HJfrssr kuttaiydna
shaking (n.) - ship (n.) -
i_//sj@ QxrrerT pahgu kol shorten ( v . t ) ; cut off -
^ejna^ay asaivu muueo kappal
(- QsirmetT, - Qffi/rswSl) (gSiDjE) kurai
shake (out dust, water, etc.) - ship (v.t.) -
sharp (adj.); pointed - (@6!nj), (gsmp^^)
utharu { s . ^ , a^jS) U^UHTSST pathamana, (kappalil) anuppu be shortened (v.i.), cut o f f -
shake (v.i.); tremble - a^/fliL) kuriya, (- .gl^Liu, - ^^uiS)
fBli'( nadungu Si^rrrssr kumna, ((ganfriu, Knjr/5^)
shirt; blouse (Europ. style) -
Os^einLDiurresr kurmaiyana <s=L_OT)(_ sattai shortness (n.) -
shake ( v . t ) ; cause to tremble -
sharply (adv.); pointedly - shock (psychological) (n.) - @6ffsrni) kullam
^ ( 5 ) @ nadukku
u^LDfTS pathamaga, should -
.>=IV@/r#^ athircchi
Oa^mLCilimsi kiirmaiyaga QQjeisn4.UJ^ vendiyathu
shaky (adj.) - shock (v.) -
sharpen (v.t) - shoulder (n.); upper arm
/5(5)/5/(gS)fl3 naduhgugira ^(5)ffiL_<#QiF(ij
3i>.[riTS(g kurakku thidukkida-c-chey Q^mst thol
shame (u.); modesty -
( - ^ , -^g)) (-Gta^iiiiu, -Qiriugi) shout (v.i.) -
OeuilasLD vetkam
sharpness (knife's edge, etc.) - shoe (n.); sandals Si^ffj katthu ( f f i ^ , ^ )
shameful (adj.) -
U^lh patham, G)ff(75lJL/ seruppu shout (n.); loud cry -
shiffmUD kurmai ai^a^a^eo kucchal
vetka-k-kedana shoot (v.t) -
she (prou.) - show ( v . t ) ; point o u t -
shape (n.); image; form - (5) iudw (i_, L.S))
^euerr aval (familiar), xrnLQi kattu
S-(lgeuili univam, shop (n.) -
^eup' avar (polite), (as/rCi-, (rC^.)
(iprt^^ murtthi i B S J n i kadai
^eiip^snar avargal (v.-pol.)

132 133
show (n.), exhibitiott- signal (n.) - simple (adj.) - sir (n. + vocative); f a t h e r -
sml-S\ ^/7$)@ff5) ariguri CTCTSIU eliya ^lUlT aiya
shrink (v.i.); w r i n k l e - signature (n.) - sin (n.); misfortune sister (gen.) (n.) -
ff(5/SJ(g surungu es)<s;QiU(Lp^^ kai-y-elutthu un'SUih pavam - SFGsrr^ifl sagothari
silence (n.) - sin (v.) - (younger) sister (n.) -
shrink (make small) (v.L) - QuoeiresTLD maunam urTsxlLD QffUJ pavam sey ^liians thangai
cS<75<E@ sunikku silent (adj.) - (- QsFiuaj, - QffiL/^/) (elder) sister (n.) -
GiLDetresrwrresr maunamana sinful (adj.) - ^ssn- akka
shut (v.t); close - silently (adv.) sit (down) (v.i.) -
^emL^ adai UfTeilLD QfiLS^
QiDSTresTLDfTS maunamaga S-lL.si!T^ utkar
silence (v.L) pavam seytha
{Fn^l sdtthu ^esiLD^ uQ> amaithipadu sinner (n.) - situation (n.); condition
(- U L , - UL.) uireSl pavi
^ mudu be (remain) silent (v.i.) - since (adv.) 0es)eti nilai,
G>LD<snesTLa ffir^ LSISULJ pinbu, f^emsomLD nilaimai
sick (adj.) - maunam sSthi LSlssresrpr pinnar, six (n. or adj.) -
Q^nliUUlLi noyppatta (- s'n^ss, - s^iT^^gi) -^(sSlqg^^ -ilirunthu r^fflf dru
sickness (n.); disease - silk (n.) - sing (v.t.) - sixth (n. or adj.)
(SjsrTiu nSy uiLQi pattu un padu {uiTi, u/ru).) ^prreu^ aravathu,
side (n.); vicinity; page - silk-worm ( n . ) - ^piTLD aram (adj. only)
ULL(SILJLI,3=& singer (n.); m u s i c i a n -
uAsLD pakkam urvLsp- padagar sixteen (n. oradj.) -
sight (n.); appearance; scene - pattu-p-pUcchi single (adj.) - U^smrrgi] pathinaru
saiL& katchi silver (metal) (n.) -
QsusffsrS velli e^pempajfTesT orraiyana sixteenth (n. or adj.) -
sign, (n.); mark -
similar (adj.) - sink (v j . ) ; drown - pathinaravathu,
(g(jJl(L//-/) kuri(ppu) e^Grr LDU^fHtufresr u^esrirpfTLD
signify (v.t) - ore mdthiriydna
g^ipO mulgu pathinardm (adj. only)
(gjjSluLSQi kurippi4u similarify (n.); identity - (ftOfpa, ftpipg)) sixty (n. or adj.) -
(-'-.-@L)
sg/i)ffj/S!r)LO orrumai (make sth.) sink (vlL) - ^gilU^ arubathu
yy^ai^. mulgadi
134 135
 s i x t i e t h (n. o r adj.) - s l a p (v.t.); s p a n k - slow (reduce speed) (v.) - s m i l e (v.); l a u g h -
^emp ami . GeusiSJ^anro vegangurai fflffl siri (SiHas, ffliil^si)
arubathavathu,
s m i l e (n.); laughter
^Uf. adi
s l o w (adj.) - ^ifluLf sirippu
arubatham (adj. only)
QLOjs/su/rssr methuvana s m o k e (n.) -
s i z e ( n .) - s l a v e (n.) -
slowly (adv.) L/sma pugai
uq^Lask paruman ^L!j.es)LD adimai
s m o k e ( e m i t s m o k e ) (v.i.) -
s k e l e t o n (n.) -
s l a v i s h (adj.) - QlD^euns methuvaga
L/sin<5 pugai
sTg)/Lb/_/a;ai.(Jl ^Uj-anLDlurresr adimaiyana s m a l l (adj.); little -

elumbukkudu
sleep (v.) - fflffU siru, s m o k e ( a cigarette, etc.) (v.) -
skill ( n . ) -
^rsi(g thUngu S]^UJ siriya, L^smSLSis^ pugaipidi

^poDLD thiramai ^sirasr sinna (-tSn., -tSuj-^gi)

s l e e p (ru) -
^Asih
skilful ( a d j . ) - s m a s h (v.t.); p o u n d - 'Don't smoke!' - .
thukkam
'^pemLDluiresT thimmaiyana idi jU).figi)
s l e e p y (adj.) - pugaipidikkathe
skilfiilly(adv.)- b e s m a s h e d (v.i.); collapse -
^psmLDlUfTS thiramaiyaga
GmihQui^ujrTejsT s m o o t h ( n o t r o u g h ) (adj.) -

somberiyana g)t^ idi iglisj.iu, gju^gi) iMLpLDLfiuurrssT

s k i n (n.);.lude; l e a t h e r -
asleep (adv.) s m a s h t o pieces (v.t.); c r u s h malamalappdna,
Q^fTiA) thai
^xaiLana thakkamaga Q[BlTgU'S(g norukku s n a c k s (n.); savories
s k i r t (n.); p e t t i c o a t -
slice (n.); piece; towel - (Q/5/rgyiS^, Qtstrrpj^Si) usosrrrfLD palagdram
urreuirmL- pdvddai
^emQl thuTidu b e s m a s h e d (v.i.), c r u s h e d - s n a k e (n.) -
s k u l l ( n .) -
s l i d e ( o n a s u r f a c e ) (v.i.) - QrErrg)jliJ(g norungu umJaLI pambu

lB(Lp^ naluvu {Qt^iTt^tiia, QrsagijmiSi) so (that w a y ) (adv.) -

rrumdai odu,
^LJULq. appadi
suirecia Mbdlam s m e l l (pleasant/neutral) (n.) -
a^^aii^ sarukku s o c i a l (adj.) -
s k y (n.) - sufTa=anasT vasanai,
3=^x samUga
eufTesrih vanam, LDsmiM manam
s l i d e (children's) (u.) -
society (in gen.) (n.) -
^arraJLO dgdyam i5Wl/iE(g sarukku smell (v.t) -
SF^SiLD samugam
GLDmj^ unjT monthu par
(- unffAs, - ufT^^^)
13.6 137
 society (n.); association - solve (v.t.); figure out - soon (adv.); quickly
QS(i)aa sometime (or other) -
s^lBlsui sangam viduvi S-LJ3esT udane,
soft (adj.)- (oS)a5), sSISteSl^gi) eppothdvathu ^SiSlULh slkkiram
uSq^^eurresr miruthuvdna some sometimes, at any time sore (n.); w o u n d -
softness (n.); tenderness - ^ s u sila (adj.), Ljsssr pun
QllBGS[CoS)li menmai ^so/r silar (a few persons), eppothdvathu sorrow ( n . > -
delicate (not tougli) (adj.) - ^ s u ^ silathu (a few things) occasionally (adv.) ^ssiLD dhukkam,
QuamemLDiumsu somebody (pron.) - eruGunQ^rr eppotho, SU(T5^^U) varuttham,
menmaiyana ^ s o ffLDiULD sila samayam GsFiTiXlli sogam
lunQrtrT ydro sorrowful (adj.)
soften (v.) - some person, a person - somewhat-
QsfT(^3=LJD kohjam ^sauorresr dhukkamdna
miruthuvakku e^qgeiip' oruvar sorrowfully (adv.) -
(-^, -^S1) somehow (adv.) - somewhere (adv.) -
soil (n.); earth; m u d - lAaiLDfTS dhukkamdga
ffruuijf.ujrrsu^ ffTiiiGaGiurr ehgeyo, feel sorry (v.i.); regret -
LDSSsr man eppadiydvathu, eriBlGafT engo, eil(T^^gJ varunthu
soil (n.); land - eruauj-GiurT eriilGa^LD ehgenum (su(g^6S, ai(!S^)
fflsOLb niUon, eppculiyo, somewhere, anywhere -
^eoeuemh nilavalam eruuujJSius^liJa" s o r r y (adj.) -
eTiiKSaiufTeu^ engeyavathu euq^^^Slp varunthugira
sole (adj.); a l o n e - eppadiyenum son (n.) -
fieefl thani, someone (pron.) - sort (n.); kind; class -
LD&aST magan eues)s vagal
^esFltUfTesr thaniyana, (unGprrr ydro, son-in-law (n.) -
^eisB0iS thanittha ereyGp'fT evard, LD^LDSesT marumagan s o u n d (make sound) ( v . t . ) -
solely (adv.) - ^qgeup' oruvar spsiS) oli (^^eSlAx, ^sSI0gi);
song (n.); s i n g i n g - s^siS)65#Q<9=(U olikkacchey
^ssfliUfT^? thamydga, something (pron.) - (-Qffijiu, -Qsiugi)
^esBetriLDluiTS thanimaiyaga
umLQt pdttu
ex^nreu^ ethdvathu, song (musical) (n.) - s o u n d (n.) -
solid (adj.) - er^rreugi ethavathu ^eiS)a=LJU!Tleo isaippddal sgs6) oli
kettiyana something, s o m e w h a t - sour, sourness (n.)
song (n.); poem; v e r s e -
^jQ^rr etho UfTJeo pddal LjetH puli

m 139
sour (adj.) - specify (v.t.); mention spoon (n.) spy ( v . t ) -
LfsBuL) pulippu, (g,l^ui3 kurippi4u sryeisTLs^ kararuii Geue^uafr vevupar
LfsBuunesT puUppana ((g^uiSlu, (siSluLSCQi) spoonful (n.) -
south (adj.), southern - speed (n.); intensity - ^pfl3ff5? orrari
srressnq.iuerreii
Qesesr then (3ajtb vegam (r^i^iu, -=wjSli5/)
karandiyalavu
speedy (adj.) - s p y i n g (n.), espionage
the south (n.) - spot (n.); dot; point-
GeuaLDireu vegamana Gsusiyu/T/r^^d) vSvupartthal,
therku L/6rre(5) pulli
sovereignty (n.); rule - s p e n d (time, money) (v.t.) - ^ipprSl^eb orrarithal
spread (something) (v.L) -
QffeOQJLfl selavali squeeze (v.t); press -
dtchi aSffl viri (nSrflAs, oSlffl^)
Qrs(l^S(Q nenikku
space (place, room) (n.) - spread (v.i.); extend-
be s p e n t (time, money) (v.i.) - (Qrsd^^, Q/5(r5<5S))
@L_li) idam eSllfl viri (aSrfiiu, n S f f l ^ )
QrS^eoeilLfl selavali s q u i r r e l (n.); chipmunk
(outer) space & sky (IL) - spread (as darkness, disease) ^essBeo anil
6iS!ss5r<o)6ucr5i vinveli, USXeij paravu {usrai, ujrsiS)) stab (v.t); h i t -
spill (v.t) -
^xrnuLD agayam iSflj/ sinthu (S^^, gl^) spread (news, disease) (v.t.) - (S^^ kutthu (.tsf0,(s^)
space (between things) (n.) - s p i r i t (Ufe) (n.) UlXULj parappu s t a m p (postage) (n.)
^anL^QojffS idaiveli s^uSipr ityir, {jj^uUy ufjuiSl) ^urro} ^anec thabal thalai
^0LDrr athma expanse, surface (n.) - s t a m p (n.); seal -
s p a n k (v.L); s l a p -
(Lp^^smrr mutthirai
^es)p ami spUt(v.)- UfTULj parappu
spring (water) (n.) - s t a n d (v.i.); stay -
(ji/enpiu, ^Bnip^gj); l3e(T pila (iSar, L S O I ^ )
rffeo nil (aSlp*, iSssrju)
^14. adi {^U)-&ai, ^uj.^) split (n.); c r a c k
spring (season) (n.) s t a r (astro.) (n.); constellation
s p e a k (v.L) - iSletreij pilavu
/SLLff^^frii natchatthiram
Gu pesu {QuB^, GuS) spoil (go bad) (v.i.) -
vasantham, s t a r t (v.i.) ; rise -
speech (n.) - QsLLQiuGuiT
srrtiiL/ kilambu
GuffS^ pecchu kettu-p-po
vasantha kalam (erriiu, S n r u i i S )
special (adj.) - {-(Surrey -GufTiu)
spy (n.) - s t a r t u p (v.i.); incite -
^asfluui' I thanippatta spoiled (adj.); bad
GeueijSilTTTesT vevu-karan, Sleirui-l Idlappu
special (important) (adj.) - Qtll_ ketta,
^ippair orran (Slwruu, SerrutS)
QpASluj mutJdya QxiLQuGufTesr kettuppdna

140 141
start (vi.); set out -
LJpuuQi purappadu
startle (v.t.); alarm -
thiduklddacchey
{-Qffiiiiu, -Qffiiigi)
starve (v.i.) -
Ulll4.5f?u5)(V5 pattiniyiru
state (say, write, publish) (v.) - 0 t - , p i f )
^fl$)si5! arivi-
(^j5!a5!, ^iS^cSipsi)
statement ( n . ) -
^ff5)OT arikkai
state (n.); condition -
(^lansu nilai,
f^emeoesyus nilaimai
state (nation) (n.) -
^nQi nSdu
station (n.); place -
f^nsuujLb nilaiyam
statue (n.) -
^ s n s u silai-,
s_q^enLb univam
status (in organization) (n.) -
U0&SI pathavi
stay (v.i.); be; wait-
stay (v.i.); remain - stem (adj.) - stitch (v.t); sew -
^ISJ^ thangu {^liim, ^aiSl) sQiemLDiurrejsr kadumaiyana
stay (v.i.); stop, stand- sternness (n.); harshness - (sina!ffl, s s i ^ ^ g ; )
^GO nil (jBpa, rSt^jTti) (5lSJ)L0 kadumai stitch (n.); stitching
stay (v.L); s t o p - stick (long) (n.) - sai^ttjd) thaiyal
ninitthu xiDLf kambu stomach (n.) -
O^W^, ^nj/i#) stick (short) (n.) -
steal (v.t.) - stone (n.); g e m -
^dS ihirudu stick (make adhere to) (v.t) -
stony (adj.) -
l^lL(S\ ( g i l i _ , @ L 4 . ) cb ufTsiojDiufrssr
steami (v.t.); boil - still (adv.); yet; more -
^ s i 5 ) avi (.=si/a5), ^eS^gi) kal paraiyana
^sJrgUiii innun, stop (v.i.); stay; stand-
be steamed (v.i.), boiled - c^ssr/rgj/li SnSlum ^ s b nil
^eSI avi {^aSliu, ^eSl^) stfll (continuing) (adv.) -
steam (n.) - ^SlgilLb Sgilum stop (v.t); s t a y -
^rrireSl nirSvi still (quiet) (adj.) -
steam-engine (n.) - ninitthu
0p-iTeSj UJ^^p-Lb amaithiyana store (n.) , shop -
niravi yanthiram stink (v.i.) - (5ini_ kadai
steel ( n . ) - /S/Wl/ naru (ifnp, rsni^') storm (n.) -
6 T o o @ ehku stink (n.); stench qiueo puyal
step (n.); foot; bottom, base - fSfTppLD narram stormy (adj.) -
^ i f adi ^ stir (v.t), disturb -
SU@ kalakku qiusu (Tssr puyaldna
step(v.)- story (n.) -
(6Uffi, 'fflSUisS))
^1/14. Kno/ adivai
(- snsuaa;, - esmj^gi) get stirred (v.i.), disturbed store (n.); hearth
step(n.)- <S50/E/@ kalangu ^S^QlULl aduppu
Ul^ padi - (Uffi/, SU(5/g))
142 143
straight (adj.); honest-
GiSP'freu nerana,
QtSP^mLDluiTesr nermaiyana
struggle ( v . i . ) - subtract ( v . t ) -
strength (n.) -
Gufrrrrr pSradu Slfi kali (i^ffi, i ^ ^ ^ )
SIJSI5)(S3)LD) vali(mai)
strong (adj.) - {QuntfiTt-, Gurrantsj^ subtraction (n.) -

straightness (n.); honesty - eueSmLDiurrssr stubborn (adj.) - SL^^SieO kalitthal

success (n.); v i c t o r y -
QlBpf<snLD nermai valimaiyana
strike (stoppage of work) (n.) -
murattutthanamana Qeuipn^ verri
strange (adj.) -
student(s) (n.) - successful (adj.) -
GexJeinet) rflgu^^ih
anniya(mana) Lorremeyp' manavar (pi.), Qeu^i^sriLDnesT
velai niruttham
LDfTemaSl mdriavi(t}, verrigaramana
stranger (n.) - strike (stop work) (v.) -
LDfTemeuesr manavan (m.) succeed (v.) -
^^rffiup' anniyar,
velai niruttham sey Qeupt^QmrTeiT verrikol
^lueoireir ayaldn study (v.); l e a r n -
(- QfflUlU, - Q3:iUgl) (-G/Tsrrar, -Qffi/resjr)
street (n.) - XSO kal {mpa, spgu)
strike (to hit) ( v . t ) - such (in that way) (adj.) -
Q^QJ theru, study (n.); learning -
^14. adi
Q?^ vithi seoeSI kalvi athemathiriyana
strength (n.); fmnness - study (v.); r e a d - sudden (adj.) -
string (n.) -
S-gi]^ uruthi u5)ffiy kayiru UlSj. padi (utfisffi, uisj.^) s_j_esns^iU[TesT udanadiyana,
strong (adj.) - string (beads, etc.) (v.L) - stupid (adj.) - ^M./r thidir
S-^^lUfTSST uruthiyana Q^rrQi thodu ^L_(u)frssr) nuUiaimdna), suddenly (adv.) -
strongly (adv.) (Qasn-L, Q^iTU).) LoAsam makkana a_L_Gs5r udane,
S-gn^lurrsi umthiySga subinit to; obey; calm down ^lss.Q[reirQ] thidlrenru
stroke (n.), blow -
strength (n.) adahgu suffering (n.); g r i e f -
^14-
ueoiis balam (^t_/5/, ^ L J 5 ) S ) dhukkam,
strong (adj.)
substitute (n.) - euq^^^LD varuttham,
strengthen (v.t) - ueOLDrrenT balamSna,
u^eSI pathili s ^ l _ i i kashtam
wsouuQl^gl balappadutthu eueSletDLDUJlTesT valimaiyana
substitute (v.t) - suffer (v.i.) -
structure (n.); construction-
strong (adj.) - u^eorrs emeu gIssTUUuQt thunbappadu
^es)iX)ULf atnaippu
ueOLDfresr bakanana, pathilaga vai ( - u i _ , -UL.);
struggle (n.) -
ueo^iS balattha Gurrprn' 1 ih pordttam
(- smcuAs, - as>aj0^) sd^L-UU kashtappadu

144 145
 simset (n.) - support (n.) - be surprised (v.i.) -
sugar (n.)- ^^s^uSI athisayi
ffffasesifj sarkkarai suriyan maraithal c^^/jsy atharavu

suit (v.i.); become-settled- sunshine (n.); sun's heat support (v.); sustain- surrender (v.i.) -
^emLD arrmi QexiuSo} veyil, ^rnsi(^ thdhgu
S'fremiSJnL^ saranadai
@rf)(U i^efH suriya oli suppose (v.t); count -^ani^g])
suitable (adj.)
(-^sDLttj,

Sunday (n.) STSCTrgwi; emu surrender (n.) -

lhakka, (sTcrarsasT', ereiBrcinfl)
^g5(5^ thaguntha, suppress (v.t) - sdramuiaithal
ndyirru(-k-kilamai) =3yL_<s@ surround (v.t) -
Qurrq^^^LDiTesr
porutthamana supervise (v.t.) adakku
surru (pp, pj5))
siessTSineaiA kangani (^l_, ^Lffl)

be suitable (v.); be proper - sure (adj.) - surroundings (n.) -

QufTQ^^^ porunthu . (3u)pu/r/rs!DivuS)(5) SripgiJULIpLh surruppuram
merpdrvaiyidu nicchayatnana, survive (v.i.)
summer (n.); hot season-
CSffin'is3ii_'(6?/rsutii) supervision (n.) - nicchayamuUa ^eiSl^^qg jivitthiru
kodai(-k-kalam) surely (adv.) - (-g).-g)(2HS^)
sun (n.) - GLopUfTp'eimxJ merparvai ^a^s^iuinrrx nicchayamSgd suspect (v.t.) -
(g/fl(UJr surtyan, supervisor (n.) - surprise (n.) aTJCp^S) santhegi
(e^rruSlgu nayiru aemesrressflluun-errp) ^^SFIULD athisayam,

kangdni(ppalar), ^S^fflfluJLb santhegappadu

sunlight (n.); sun's heat- surprising (adj.) -
dcchariyam

GiDjpurrp'ssyeuujrrerrff (-U_, -uC)

QeuiSleo veyil, merparvaiyalar
(^fHiU sgsrS suriya oli supply (n.)- athisayamdna,
suspicion (n.); doubt
sunny (adj.) - ^ s r S ^ d j alitthal ^S'fflfltULDfTSsr
a75(3^<Btb santhegam
supply-(v.t); give- dcchariyamdna
surprisingly (adv.) - suspicious (adj.); doubtM -
e^e^turresr oliyana ^efh ali (^siSAs, cS/o9^s/)
sunrise (n.) - support (v.t) santhegamulla,
(g/flttjesr s-^ujLb athari dcchariyamSga

santhegamdna
suriyan uthayam
146 147
suspiciously (adv.) - s y s t e m (n.) - t a n k (man-made lake) (n.) - t e a r (off) ( v . L ) ; rip (up) -
" (Lpemp murai (geiTii kulam Slifl kill {JStiflBx, Siifi^^)
santhegamaga t a s k (n.) - be torn (v.i.)
T
suspend (stop) (v.L) aiL^QDLD kadamai, S\lfl Uli (g)yS)iu, g)f^/5^)
table (n.); small desk
GeuemeD velai t e a r ( s ) (eye-water) (n.) -
Co(jOSJi<y mesai
sustain (v.L); s u p p o r t - taste (n.); f l a v o r - sessress?pr kannir
taU (n.) - _
c^^rf) athari s^meu suvai, t e a r f u l (adj.) -
SU/Tsl) val
(^/flaa, ^i^fiSl) (Tj^ rusi sssisrsjjsf/r e&QiSip
t a i l o r (n._) -
swallow (v.t.) - kannir vidugira
taste (v.) -
eSI(l^lBJ(Q viluhgu thaiyalkaran tell (v.); say -
unff nisi par
(o5)(y)ffi/ffi, aS(ip/5/) t a k e c a r e (watch out) (v.L) - Q3=rreo sol (Qff/raisu, Qs^rraieS)
(- unp-ffi*, - u n u 0 g i )
be sweet (v.) - t e m p e r a t u r e (n.) -
partthu-k-kol tasty (adj.) - Qeuuu ^efreij
^ssfl ini
{-QaiTshar, -QairessrQi) q^^iLierrerr msiyulla veppa alavu
(g)orf), ^esfi0gi)
t a k e (v.L); pick up - t a x (n.); line - t e m p l e (shrine) (n.)
sweet (adj.) -
6T(5) edu (e7(il, sjQi^gj) Sl/rf? vafi GaiTuSeo koyil
^esfluj iniya,
t a k e (away, along) (v.L) - t e a c h (v.L) - t e m p o r a r i n e s s (n.) -
^ssflstnLDiUfTeisr inimatydna Q.ssn'em'(^ Gurr kondu pS ^njsireSlsih tharkaligam
sweetness (n.) - (- Qutrm, - Gumifj solli-k-kodu
t e m p o r a r y (adj.) -
^ssflssiLD inimai t a k e u p ; continue (v.) - (-)ffi/rffi, -QsiT^si)
s w i m (v.i.) - G)^fr(5l thodu t e a c h (v.L) - tharkaliga(mana)
ninthu (|^,/Sl5^) (Q^m_jr, Q^rri-irp^) QmeoeSl^^rr solU-t-tha t e n (n. or adj.) -
t a l k (v.i.) -
s w i m m i n g (n.) patthu
Gus? pesu (Gug:, GuSi) t e a c h e r (n.); editor; author
/#(Fsb nlcchal t e n t h (n. or adj.) -
talk(n.)- ^^ifliu^ asiriyar
s w i t c h off ( v . t ) ; turn off - u^^rreu^ patthdvathu,
Gua=3^ pecchu
^emessr anai t e a m (n.) U^fimJa patlham (adj. only)
taU(adj.)-
iLLj_SB!rfl kuttani, t e n d e r n e s s (immaturity) (n.)
s y m p a t h y (n.); mercy, pity s^iuijLDn'sisT uyaramdna,
aiiLB\ ^erremLD ilamai
^rrssiLO irakkam QtBUf-iU nediya

148 149
 tender (adj.); immature - textne(s) (n.) - then (adv.) -
^Tr(uj) ila(m), avairrin (irrational),
^errSluj ilagiya, ^iijeffl javuU ^uGurr appo,
^erranLDiurrasT ilamaiydna than (conj.) avaigalin (iiraL) ^uQurr^ appothu,
term (length of time) (n.) - eS]L- vida theirs (poss. pron.) - ^LjQurT(igl' appoluthu
Ud^euLB paruvam thank (v.)'- there (adv.) -
term (condition) (n.) - nanri selutthu avargaludaijathu (rational), ^iBlGa; ahge
fSlu^^emeu nibanthanai (- Qs^sil^^' ~ C'JS!/:S^) there is, itis
territory (region) (n.) - thanks (n.) - avaiyudaiyathu (irrational) ^f^ASlp^ irukkirathu
iSlrjG^fflM p i r a d h e s h a m /55Tj5! nanri them (pron.) -
thankful (adj.) - there!, look there! - -
terror (u.), fright
UUJLD payam,
[BeirfffuLierTerr nanriyulla avargalai (ace, rational), ^ - ,S>fS^rT atho
thankless (adj.),-ungrateful- thereafter (adv.) -
uiUlilsilXLD payangaram
^sw/7$) QXLLI nanri ketta avarrai (acc., irrational) ^ ^ s s r tS)p@
terrible (adj.), frightfiii - athanpiragu
uiuiiimp'LDiTesr that (thing) (pron.) - themselves (reflex, pron.) -
^1 athu ^ITQLD t h a m e , therefore-
payahgaramana
terribly (adv.), MghtftOly - that Cadj.); those- ^milSiQefT -thdhgale (STessrQsil enave,
uiuiiiarrLairx ^/5^ antha then (at that time) (adv.) - ^msiUfreo dgaiyal, _
payangaramdga that way, like that- ^uQurr^ appothu
terrify (v.L), ftighten - ^UUiSj. appadi then (after that)- ^emmuSetsTrreo agaiyinal
theater (n.) - l51/E)@ piragu
therefore (on that account) -
payamurutthu /5/n_<9sa=/re3)su nataka-salai
then (in that case) - ^^esmeo athanal,
theft (n.)- ^uuij-iUfTssrrra} ^BiQeU agave
test (n.); academic exam ^(0ll(S) tUruttu these (people)-
(30e^ thervu their (poss. adj.) - appadiyanal
test (v.); examine - then (after) (adv.) - @ay^6565r i v a r g a l
avargal (rational), rg^lllLJipih appuram these (things) >-
sothanaisey beyond (in space) ^emeu ivai
(- Q^iijiu, - Q3=tu^) avargaludaiya (rat.), ^ULJipLD appuram they, those (people) -
^eup'xet avargal
they, those (things) -
150 151
^es)aj{sBerr) avai(gaf)
they themselves (refl. pron.); thirsty- thoroughness (n.) - t h r e a t (n.) -
he himself (polite) - ^rrmunTS thagamaga (adv.), Lj^p'essrih pUranam uiUfLpgll^eo payamurutthal

^fTLD tham
firrMQfieterr thagamuUa (adj.) those (adj.), t h a f - t h r e a t e n (v.L); fiighten-
thick (adj.) - "I am thirsty" (idiom) - antha
UUJ(LpgiJ0gj payamurutthu

^14.0^ thadittha
those (people) (pron.); they -
thickness (n.) - enakku thagamaga irukkirathu t h r e e (n. or adj.) -
esipJLi
^euffam avargal
thadippu thirteen (n. or adj.) - those (things) (pron.); they - gpssrgy munru
thief ( n . ) - u^^ipeirgu pathimUnru
cgysnsu avai thrift (n.); economy; brevity -
@(5L_sw thirudan thirteenth (n. or adj.) though (even if) (conj.) - ^ffiaesnii sikkanam
thin (adj.) - ^esnrepllh anStum, thrifty; economical; brief
(olLDGOeSllu melliya pathimiinravathu,
ffissemLDneST sikkanamana
U^fipOSTlplTLD
erssfle^ILD eninum,
think (v.L); p o n d e r - ^S)@)/Lb agilum,
thriftily; economically, briefly
grsrorsgi/ ennu pathimunram (adj. only) S\aiaiesrLDrTS sikkanamaga
(erffMrsinr, ffrswreasfl) thirty (n. or adj.) -
^uSlsmiLD ayinum
t h r o a t (n.) -
think (v.t); consider- (Lpuu^ muppathu
though (nevertheless) (adv.) - Q^nemes)L^ thondai
Sg^gl karuthu
thirtieth (n. or adj.)
r^esTfTeviLD andlum,
t h r o u g h (across) (prep.) -
(^, i5^) eTesrnrreVILD enralum
(ajnjyffisina kurukkal
think (v.L); remember muppathavathu, thought (n.); intention t h r o u g h (instr. suffix) -
iHesyesr ninai (tpuu^fTLD STSSsrsBisnJb ennam
- ^ e o -al
muppatham (adj. only) thought (n.); idea; o p i n i o n - throughout
think (of S.O., sth.) (pred.) - this (thing) (pron.), i t - s;q^^^ karutthu (Lpip^^Lb murrilum
fHanssr^^ ninainthu ^ ithu
t h o u s a n d (n. or adj.) - throvr (v.L); hurl; toss -
third (n. or adj.) - this (adj.) - ^uSltTLD ayiram CTTTJ eri (ffrjSliu, ffrjSff^

munrayathu, ^/5^ intha t h o u s a n d t h (n. or adj.) throw(v.L);put-

(3urT(^
t h o r n (n.) -
podu
(tpeirprrLD

(adj. only) (zpsjr mul, (Lperr(rf

ayiramavathu

t h u n d e r (n.); stroke -
t h r e a d (n.) -
munram mullu
thirst (n.) - thorough (adj.) -
0!TaL[> thagam ^fysiSJsrLD[T<ssi puranamdna
nj/ra) nul

152 153
thunder (v.); smash - tiredly (adv.) -
^^uunss aluppaga
tiredness (n.) -
thunderbolt (n.), lightning \ kalaippu^
iMekticsreo minnal ^ g y u L / aluppu
tissue (living) (n.) -
Thursday (n.)- {fdjeif sawu
eSltUtTLfixSlLpmLD
to (prep.), towards
viyalakkiktmai QrsnsSl nSkki,
thus (in that way)
^UUUj- appadi -a_(g -ukku (suffix)
today (n.) -
tie (v.t); bind; fasten - ^asrgu lnru,\
tiger (n.)- ^s5rsn/o<5(g inmikku
LfeSl puli
toe (n.); finger -
tight (adj.)- ^ oSlrrA) viral
^guSllu irugiya
toe (n.) -
time (n.); season; era srreo e&rreo kal viral
srreoLb kdlam together-
times (number of) (n.) - <SiiL_ kiida,
(LpesW) murai
(^SSTprrs onraga
tin (metal sheet) (n.) - tolerable (fairly good) -
^srrici thagaram
tin (the element) (n.)- s^wrrp'rTai sumaraga
TFtULD lyam tolerance (n.); toleration -
tire (become tired) (v.i.) sagipputthanmai
_ ^lu oy (gio, ^ l u i ^ ) tolerant (adj.) -
tired (adj.)
sesien^^ kalaittha sagipputthanmaiyulla
154
tolerate (v.) - tortoise (n.); turtle -
<FS) sagi {a^Saa, a^Sl^gi) ^ S ) i O amai
tolerate (v.t.); endure - torture ( n . ) -
QuiTgi] poru euesifi vathai
{Qurrgiiaa, Qutrgij0gi) torture (v.t); torment
tomorrow (n.) - euan^ Qa^iLi vathai sey
lBfTee)6rr{d(g) nalai(kku) (- Qffiuiu, - Qfftugj)
tongue (body part) (n.) - toss (v.); throw -
fBnrs(g nakku STff5? eri {sTigliu, eri^^gi) -
tongue (language) (n.) - total (n.); the whole -
QwiTLfl moU GlLDfT^^LD mottham
too (also) (adv.) - - touch (v.t.) -
Q^rrQi thodu
3ii.L- kuda,
3h.lGeu kadave, touch (n.) -
Q^fTLOfq thodarbu
GLDO^LD melum
too (overly) (adv.) - towards (adv.) -
GrsrraS) ndkki
iSlaisijLb migavion towel (n.); piece -
tool (n.); iiistrument ^
^s55r(S> thundu
^tq^LD ayiaham town (n.)-
tool (n.) - -
i^mriLCi nagaram
SiQ^eSl karuvi trade (n.), commerce -
tooth (n.) - . sSliununffLD viyabaram
ueo pal trade (v.) -
toothacbe (n.)-
eBiiiTumxLD QffiJ
LJeO ojsSl pal vali viyabaram sey
top (of head, etc.) (n.); zenith (- Qffiijuj, - Qffihgi)
iicchi
155
tradition (n.); generation- travel (n.), journey trip(n.)- try (v.t); see, l o o k -
urTlhuemrT parambarai i3[rujrremih {uujsmih) i3rriu[TsmLD {uiuemLD) UfTp' par {urrffsai, urr.
traffic (n.); transport- piraydnam (payanam) pirayanam (payanam) try hard (v.); strive -
travel (v.i.), journey - troops (n.); army - (Lpiueo muyal
pokkavamtthu i^rriunsmih Q^iii ues)l padai (xyiiueo, QfiiuesTipj)
tragic (adj.) - piraydtiam sey trouble (n.); difficulty - Tuesday (n.) -
(- Qa^iuiu, - Qs^mgi) Q^mj^iTSl/ thontharavu,
dhukkagaramana traveler (n.) - sei^iLD kashtam sewdykMlamai
train (teacli) (v.L) - LSrriurretssfl (uiusstsfl) trouble (v.) - turn (v.i.); return-
piraydni (payani) ^(LDLl thirumbu
payirchikodu treachery (n.) thontharavu sey (@(5ii)U, gcgiitS)
(- fl/Tffi, - QaiT0gi) (- Qffiuiu, - Qsajgi) turn (cause to turn) (v.t.)
^QfTrTsnh thwogam
training (n.); practice - troublesome (adj.) - ^(ULl thiruppu
treason (n.) -
UuSlpSl payirchi
sathi thontharavdna turn (one's) (n.) -
traitor (n.) -
treasure (n) - true (adj.), truthful - (Lpemp mural
glGp'rrSl thurogi
rS\^ nithi s^essretnLDlurresr unmaiyana, turn off (v.t); switch off -
transport (n.); traffic -
treaty (n.) - GlBP's^LDlLjefrerr nermaiyulla ^ s n s s s r anal
pokkuvaratthu ^UU^^LD oppantham truth (n.); f a c t -
transport (v.t.) - tree (n.); wood (substance) - a_ssiirs!r)U! unmai, turtle (n.); t o r t o i s e -
LO/TLD maram Q^ffSS)LD nermai ^onLD dmal
erri-c-chel truth (n.); certainty - twelve ( i L or adj.) -
trial (n.); investigation-
(-Qffwjco, -QffejsTipi) ^ffS^lULD nicchayam us5re5flfrsssr(51
trap (n.) - e&mp'sinsm visdranai
trunk (box) (n.) - pamnrandu
Quirri^ pari trial (attempt) (n.)
QuiLuf- petti twelfth (n. or adj.) -
(Lpiun)^ muyarchi
trap (v.t.) - trunk (of an elephant) (n.) - uekesflp'essrifTeiJ^
tribe (n.); clan -
^^sens thuthikkai pannirandavathu,
porivaitthu-p-pidi (gsuii) kulam,
trust (v.t); b e l i e v e - ueireisflpremL^n-Lb
(-ij)if A s , -i3[^0gi) ^eSTLD inam
rsLDLJ nambu QBLDU, iswiSI) pannlrandam (adj. only)

156 157
twenty (n. or adj.) ^ u n d e r s t a n d (v.i.); know - unripe (fruit) (adj.) - urgently (adv.)
^Q3Ugj iritbathu an smui-^esi) kSy(arm) ^eufffjLDrrs avasaramaga
twentieth (n. or adj.) - until, as far as us (pron.) (acc.) -
Q^lfl theri a/an/T vqrai, T!BJaes)SfT engalai (excl.),
irubathavathu. evmcruSleb varaiyil, fgLDonLD nammai (incl.)
u n d e r s t a n d (pred.) - sijes)p'ai(QLD varaikkum ns (pron.) (daL) -
irubatham (adj. only) LjUllUih puriyam u n t r u e (adj.) -
twice - don't understand - QufTluuJlTasT poyyana engalukku (excl.),
(Lpemp iru murai LflfliUfT^ puriyathu unwell (pred.) - rBLDSi(Q namakku (incl.)
'two (n. or adj.) u n i q u e (adj.); unprecedented- use (n.), usefulness -
^rrimQ\ ^Ljfl'euLDrrsa' apUrvamana asaukkiyamana a-uQiurranh ubayogam
unite (v.t); join upon, on top of, above - u s e (v.t.)
Gujsb mel, s^uQiuirSi ubayogi
uumbrella (n.) 5^(51 kudu
tmite (v.t.); join -
(iL, ShU).)
GLDQSO mele
u p p e r (adj.)
{s^iJSiuiTSlms;,
useful (adj.) -
s.jJ3iunS)0gi)
G<3=p' ser (CSsTJ-ffis, Gasj^g/)
(gszDL kudai join (v.i.); reach CPLDGU mel,
ubayogamana
nnable (aux. V . ) - Qwetirrasr melana
G<9:pr ser (Ga^^r, Qa^gi) upstairs (n.); roof terrace - usefulness (n.)
(LpUj-lurrgj
nncertain (adj.) -
mudiyathu universe (n.) -
LDlTLH. modi sJuQlunmin ubayogam,'
lSl[TU(ffl^ffLD pirapanjam upstairs (adv.) - UlUsisT payan ^
ift'f'S^lULDpp nicchayamarra university (n.) -
Gi)d)lB/rtij.u5)a) mSlmadiyil useless (adj.)
uncle (n.) - upto (adv.) s^uGiurrsiLDpp
LDiTLDfT _mSma, palkalaikkalagam ubayogamarra,
LDiTLnasT mSman unless (conj.)- euesifx varai ,
under (prep.); underneath - urgency (n.); necessity - utussrpp payanarra,
e^lfliu oliya, ^sSirr thavira. _,^exis^fILD avasaram S-^GUrr^ uthavatha
SQifi lale ^<siievfTSla).&> illsvidil u r g e n t (adj.) usual (adj.); common; public -
under (subject to) - unravel (v.i.); be separated -
^is^uSQeo adb/ile t5/fl piri (iSfiliu, LSI%^) avasara(mana) Qufrgj^LDfTBsf) poihu(mana),
euLp^aLDtTesT valakkamana

158 159
 visible (peed.); perceived - ^rote (v.) -
usually (adv.) - vicinity (n.); side; page -
Q^i^iqiD theriyum Qj/ra; ^sH} vakku ali
eutfixmih Gluneo usaLD pakkam
(- ^e/Uss, - ^eS^gi);
valakkam pola vicious (adj.) - sufTsQaQi vakkedu
Q^f[\iUfT} theriyathu
V QaL^nesr kedana
(-ST(Slffi, -eT(Sl0gl)
victim (sacrificial) (n.) - visit f v p a y a visit -
valley (n.) - voter (n.) -
ueirerr0^rr<s(g pallauhakku us5l ball. eurTsanTeu^ vdkkalar
varugai thd
value (n.) - ueSloJirerr 6a/rya/(human) voting (n.) -
(- - ^S>)
LD^uq mathippu victorious (adj.) -
call on a person (v.) - eyrT3;Qs(S\LJLi vakkeduppu
valuable (adj.) - Qeupi^u^saen verriyulla
LD^ULj LSAS mathippu mikka victory (n.); success -
Qs^eirgi] urr^ vowel (n.) -
senru par
vanguard (n.) Qojp^ uyir (elutthu)
verri (- uirffos:, - unii^si)
(Lpesrasransfl munnani view (n.) - voyage (by sea) (n.) -
visit ( n . ) -
vanguard (n.); futurity - ufTpiemoj parvai. .y/50^a5sb santhitthal SL^pLSlrriurTsssnh

ST^Grr ethire XITLLSI katchi

visitor (n.)
kadarpirayanam
vegetable(s) (n.) - view (v.t) - ii([^m<9iUJfTGfrp' varugaiyalar vulture (n.) -
srnusi^ kSykari urrp' par (uirfss, unu^); voice fn.)
6!(tf)@ kalugu

w
vegetarian(ism) [adj. (n.)] - ^rreisT kSn {snewr, ssrargi) (^p-GO kural
ang^eii satva village (n.) - wage(s) (n.) -
volcano T I L ^ -
vehicle (n.) - Sip'iTLDLD girSmam ffLnueniSi sambalam
S7/f)LDiOiSD erimalai
eiirrxesTLb vaganam, village (n.); (home)town - daily wage(s) (n.) -
vomit fn.^ ~
ojeisnq. vandi simpr ur (^isr<9s)a^s^ (thina-k-)kuli
6 U n Y 5 ^ vdnthi
very (adv.) - vine (n.); flag - waist (n.); half -
vomit (v.)
LEIS miga QsfTLq. kodi ^ancr arai
much- violence (n.) - waist (n.); hip -
vdnthivsdu
uSxeLjLD migavum QsrrQiemLD kodumai ^&LJLi iduppu
very much - violent (adj.) - waist (n.); middle-
vote (n.)
LEI'SS mikka. QanTQiemLDUjfTem fflj/ra vakku ^iS3iz__ idai
^^SLDrresr athigamana kodumaiyana

160 161
w a i t (v.i.); r e m a i n ; b e w a n d e r ( r o a m about) (v.) waste (v.t) w a t c h o v e r (v.); t a k e c a r e of -
* ^ 2 / surru (aprp, ajiji)) siSemuj- viTiadi
w a i t (v.i.) - w a n t ( a u x . v . ) ; desire; n e e d - partthu-k-kol ~ _
Sin^^( kdtthiru QeiieisrQiLh vendum Don't waste m y time! - (-Qarrerrar, -QxrremQi)
(-g)5, -g)(5!5^) don't want, don't n e e d - w a t e r (n.) -
w a i t (v.i.); e n d u r e CSaJ655ri_/TU3 vendam en neratthai vinadikkathe 0pr nlr,
Qunrgjj pom w a n t (v.) - w a s t e f u l (adj.) - ^emea^p- thannir
siS)(T5ii)L/ virumbu w a t e r p o t (n.) -
w a i t f o r (v.); e x p e c t -
e3tsm!TS6T vinana
(aSJpsiiu, aSgjiiijl)
S T ^ f f JJ/T/r //ifr par w a s t e f u U y (adv.) - thannir htdam
w a r (n.); battle -
(- un^^y - unu0i) Qunff por eSsmrrs vinaga w a v e (n.); w a n d e r (v.) -
w a i t e r (n.) - w a r m (heat-wise) (adj.) - w a s t e f u l n e s s (n.); futility - ^emeo alai
QLoems^uue'usflujrrerT GleyuuLDfTssr veppamdna eSsisr vln
mesai-p-paniydl w a r m t h (heat) (n.) w a s t r e l (n.) w a v e (v.)
^em&)Uj[T(g) alaiyadu
w a l k (v.i.); b e h a v e ; happen QaJUULD veppam eSemem vlmm ( - ^ / _ , -^^)
- /5L_ nada (jsism, i^u^) warn (v.t)- w a t c h (n.), c l o c k -
g o for a w a l k ( v . ) - w a v y (adj.) - "
-STS^3=l^ ecchari
(siru) kadigaram ^S)so<s^errea alaigalulla
nadanthu kol w a r n i n g (rL) - w r i s t - w a t c h (n.) - w a y (n,); p a t h -
(- Qairatm, - SlmirsisrQ!) erfftflflxana; eccfmrikkai euifl valj
w a l k (stroll); p a c e (n.) - kai-k-kadigaram
w a s h ( b u t n o t laundry) (v.t.) - w a y (n.); r o a d -
{Bonl nadai SQ^eij kaluvu w a t c h (v.t); take care -
w a l l (n.) - Xisueisfl kavani w a y ( m a n n e r ) (n.); k i n d - ^
SKurr s ivar w a s h (laundry b y b e a t i n g (sueifl, sajasfl^gj) susmas vagal,
w a n d e r (v.i.); m o v e a b o u t w e t o n r o c k ) (v.L); t h r a s h - w a t c h f u l n e s s (n.) -
kavanam LDn^fh mathiri
^ e w s o alai ^ S S J O J thuvai (SSl/Gsrii)
w a t c h m a n (n.) w e a k (adj.) -
(^ansutu, ^neu/5a;/) (^Gi)iajm^, a^cmci/^^y)
w a s p (n.) - ^errpr^^ thalamtha,
w a n d e r i n g s (travels) (n.)
^es)efffeo alaicchal @ra5) kulavi kavat-karan QiaeSI^^ melintha,
eiiefiienmp valuvajra
162 163
 west (adj.); h i g h ; a b o v e - when? -
weakness (n.) - w e e k (n.) -
QLDISO mel eruQurr eppo.
sua^aSleiranLD valuvinmai, eunrXLD varam
the w e s t (n.) - eruGufT^ eppothu.
(Qmn)unQ\ w e e k l y (adv.) -
OLDp(g merku eTuQun(Lp^ eppoluthu
w e a l t h ( n . ) , riches; m o n e y -
varanthorum w e t n e s s ( n . ) , dampness - w h e n (at t h e t i m e w h i c h ) -
Qff&teiiLD selvam,
weep (v.i.), cry - fF/rti Iram QurrQ^^eo poluthil
uessriM panam
w e t (adj.), d a m p - w h e n e v e r (adv.); always -
w e a l t h y (adj.), rich-
w e e p i n g (n.) - FFjXU^rrssr iramana. eruGufT^ih eppSthum
^(Lpanm alugai rsemm^ss nanair'-tha where? -
selvamikka,
uemLD w e i g h (v.t.) - get w e t ( v . i . ) - ST/i/Oa! enge
panam padaittha /^ffy niru (jEliriiaim, 0lm]^!) tSemasr nana! w h e r e (place a t w h i c h ) -
weapon; tool, i n s t r u m e n t - (iBsiTswiu, rsenesr^gi)
w e i g h t (n.) -
^iLj^LD Syutham STSSiL edai m a k e w e t (v.t.) - entha idatthil
FefjLnnsi(g, iramSkku w h e r e v e r ; everywhere;
w e a r ( v . t ) ; put on w e l c o m e ( v . t ) ; greet -
(-^ffi, - ^ S ) ; anywhere
.^sW? ani surjQeiieo varavel
TSetnasT nanai ffT/5y@ii) engum.
(^rasfliu, ^ s M f l j j ^ ) ;
s^Qi^! udutthu w e l c o m e (n.) -
(/5n6!(7'<s<s, / 5 s s ) 6 a r ^ ^ ) ST/S/Gffitt/LO ehgeyum

rBSOeurreij nalvaravu, what? - which?-

w e a t h e r (n.) - STGSTS^ enna STij^ entha

eVijGeiJpLj varaverpu
arrso iffemeo kala nilai w e l f a r e (n.); benefit w h a t e v e r ; any, auytldng - w h i c h one?, w h i c h thing? -

(5S0lii nalam ST^ ethu, ethu

w e a v e (v.) -
w e U ( o f w a t e r ) (n.) - ethuvagilum whichever -
(o)(5(U ney {Qpiiiu, Slreiugi)
wedding (u.), m a r r i a g e - Slemgil Idnaru what's more - ST^a/li ethuvum

^(f^LDessTLh thirumanam, w e n (nicely) (adv.) - ^Q^nQi athodu w h i c h day? -

{neoiurrassTLD kalyanam /5sir@ nangu, w h e a t (n.) - STSsrgy enru
W e d n e s d a y (n.) - rSeirpfTiX nanmga (5/Tj5/5)LD gothumai w h i c h e v e r d a y (every day.
Lj^sirSlLpismLD w e l l - b e i n g (n.); g o o d health w h e e l (n.) - forever)

d5li sugam {FSSIJLD chakkaram STesrgULO enrum

buthangikmai

165
164
while (conj.) - w i d e (adj.) - w i p e (v.t); dry (by wiping) - within (in space or time)
6T/5^ Qufr(Lp^<A) ^se\iLDlTesT agalamana ^es)L- thudai a_6rr ul, s^ehGerr uUe
enthapoluthil w i d e n (v.L) - ' ^ without (lacking) -
a while (a period of time) wire (n.) - ^(ajsurrjs/ illdthu,
. -QufT(Lp^eo -poluthil, . agalappadutthu XSIMLSI kambi. ^d)su/r^ illdtha,
G/B/Ttb. neram, {-u(si0, - u ^ g ) ) wisdom (n.) - ^soecrTLDiA) illamal
Qeuanerr velai w i d t h (n.), breadth - (S^nsSTiSi nanam,
witness (n.) -
white (adj.); whiteness (n.) - ^dSSOtb agalam eSlGeilSLD vivekam
a^fTlL^ sdtchi
QsuefrianOT vellai, wife (n.) - wise (adj.) -
woman (n.); g i r l -
QeuemetoLDiurresr - LDemssreS manaivi Q5)Ga;i5(tpsfrTr
Quem pen
yenmaiyana (adj.) wild (adj.)- vivekamidla,
wonder (n.); miracle
whiteness (n.); purity - maiL kattu
^s^fflfliuth dcchariyam
QajismetniS! venmai w i l l (wish) (n.) vivekamudaiya
wish (v.); want - wonder (v.) -
who? - eSl{!gLlULb viruppam
1U/77T yar w i l l i n g (ready) (adj.) OSIQ^LDLJ virumbu
dcchariyam kol
whoever (pxon.) -
viruppamulla, wish (n.)
lumj . . . -s> /'n y a r . . . -um (- Qmrrofrm, - Slaaressr);
l3lfluJLDrreJsr _piriyamana sSlq^uULD viruppam,
whole (adj.); entire -
QfiQ^ mulu willingly (adv.) - eSlqgULl viruppu dcchariyamadai
whole Cn.) - with (prep.) -
eSl(uUL[>rTS viruppamaga
<^Ql odu, wonderful (adj.) -
6Td)su/rii eZ2am w i n (v.L) -
the whole (n.); total - G)sDJ)ff5) Q u n j / verripenr s^L-SST udan piramathami ana)
QLDIT^^LD mottham withdraw (money, etc.) (v.t) - wood (substance) (n.) -
{-Gjup^-Quffjirtf)
whose? - w i n n e r (n.) - lilsjrsi/n'ffiy pinvSngu LDtJlD maram
iuaqge<s)liu ySmdmya, {-oJiTiam, -airrmiSi) wool (n.)
6TSUS5>1_HJ evaruduiya verriperuvan withei: (v.i.); dry; heat up - aiCauefA kambali
w i n d o w (n.) - afnu kay word (n.); saying; language -
why? -
gsjrssraj jamal QLDITL^ moli
^ s s r en

166 167
w o r d (n.) - w o r m (n.); m a g g o t - w r e c k ( a g e ) (n.) - y e U o w (adj. [ o r n . ] ) -
eurrff^en)^ vartthai, L/(tp pulu ^iflunQi alipadu LC:(^ffea 0^ff3[(i])
QfffT<so sol w o r r i s o m e (adj.) - w r e c k (v.t.) - manjal (nira[mj)
w o r k , occupation; industry - seuemenu^eaefT kavalaiyulla ^ q . idi ( g ) i , . , g ) 4 - ^ ^ ) yes-
Q^nifido tholil w o r r y ( n . ) ; concern, c a r e - w r i t e (v.) - ^LDfT{LD) ama(m)
w o r k e r (n.) - a;s!nsi) kavalai eT(Lpl eluthu yes; f i n e ; c o r r e c t -
Q^rTLfistirre/H tholilsli w o r r y (v.i.) - (T(yi^, S T O ^ ) ffrU sari
w o r k (n.); j o b seueineouuCSl kavalaippadu w r i t e r ( o f prose) (n.) - y e s t e r d a y (n.) -
Geuemei} velai i-uL., -uC(Si)
eT(Lp0^rrefTff elutthalar GlSpg^ nerru
worse-
w o r k (v.) - w r i t i n g (n.) y e t (adv.), s t i l l ; m o r e ;
G L O g y z i GLDiTffLDrTesr furthermore
GsKsnsu Q f f i u velai sey
melum mosamana eT(Lp0^ elutthu
(- Qffiuiu, - Qs^iugj) ^esig^LD inrum
worst- w r o n g (n.); mistake -
p u t to w o r k (v.) - yet (till now) -
LBS; GLDfT3=LDITem (gpipLD kurrdm,
CSsuemsi) Qffiuiu emeu ^^euemrx ithuvarai
miga mosamana ajajgy thavaru,
velai seyya vai y e t (nevertheless)
( - cnoj-SdS, - esyaj^^)
w o r s h i p ( v . L ) ; b o w to - ^LJLS^IJD thappitham,
^uSl^LD ayinum
w o r k e r (n.) - (^LhiS}(Sl kumbidu ^emtM thlmai
you (nom)
QeuetnsDAsrrp'p' (@UIL9I_, @U]I5LQ1) w r o n g (adj.); m i s t a k e n
nf(sing.),
velaikkarar ( m . or f . ) , w o r s h i p (v.) ^exjurresr thavarana,
Qeuemeosxrrp'eir L^sm^ QffiU pUjaisey eSLJl3^LCi[TisT thappithamana
fg/T
$lBJSerT
nlr,
nlhgal ( p i . )
velaikkaran (m.), (- Qsdjiu^ - Qs^dj^) w r o n g l y (adv.); mistakenly -
Qeuemecssmfl w o r s h i p (n.) - ^eiirj'rrs thavaraga,
y o u (acc.) -
velaikkdri (f.) .^yjn'^eneiST aradhanai, S-eisTes)eisT unnai ( s i n g . ) ,
^uiSl^LDfTS thappithamaga
w o r l d ( n . ) , earth ysm^ pujai s^liisemerr uhgalai ( p i . )
s^eoSLD ulagam w o i m d (n.); s o r e - Y y o u (daL)
w o r l d l y (adj.) - L/sssr pun y e a r (n.) S_ssrd5@ unakku ( s i n g . ) ,
s _ s u ulaga, w o m i d (injure) ( v . t ) - K(^aj(U) (eiiq^i I'n) _ffi/(sr5(g ungalukku (pi.)
QetierrSsLDfrew LfemuQ^^^ punpadutthu varusham (varudam), y o u n g (adj.) -
lauldkamana ^eisrQl andu g)s!nsrriu ilaiya

168 169
the young of some animals - FOOD bitter-gourd
uirsussilTUJ
-
pava-k-kay
(gtlif kutti
y o u r (possessive) (sing.) -
z e n i t h (n.); noon -
a_.#ffl ucchi Vegetables snake-gourd
qL^eoiiiesfTlu
-
pudalangay
_sjr un, z e r o (n. or adj.) - b a n a n a (green bananas used greens-
a-gargifS!ni_m ummdaiya Lj^tuiM bujyam for cooking) - Seinix kirai
y o u r (possessive) (pi.) - zoo (n.) - OjfranLpsiismu valai-k-kay l a d i e s ' fingers (okra) -
s^isiserr uhgal, beans (butter beans) - QeveisranL-^ssmij)
aj5;(^einz_iu ungaludaiya mirugakkatchi salai vendai(-k-kay)
avarai-k-kay
yours (singular) mushroom-
s^asrgj unathu, string b e a n s -
siaemrasT kslan
onion-
kotthavarangay
unnudaiyathu QojfSJSSfTUJLD vehgayam
beetroot-
y o u r s (plural) - peas, green -
(C' bitrut
ua^ma' ui' I .frssafl
b r i n j a l (egg plant) -
ufigaludaiyathu pacchai pattani
yourself (reflex, pron.) - 6!^^fl<B/riu katthiri-k-kay
potato -
cabbage-
0Guj mye (familiar),
^liisGsiT mngale (hon.) (5/rsfu gos urulai-k-kilahgu
carrot- sweet potato
yourselves (reflex, pron.) -
0riJs(Serr nihgale 'Gas/rtl' kerat
cucumber - sarkkarai valli-k-kilangu
youth (n.); immaturity;
Qsuerrerrfhssmu pumpkin
tenderness -
vellari-k-kSy upiBtSiasmiJ
^crrsDLD ilamai
parahgi-k-kay
drumstick
youth (young people) (n.) -
s p i n a c h (& greens i n gen.) -
^aneiTi^P' ilainar
murungai-k-kSy SsJD/r Krai
egg p l a n t (brinjal) tomato -
s^^l^aamu katthiri-k-kay ^<S565/rnfl thakkdli

171
170
 mango rice (cooked) -
Fruit Cereals & Grains
LDfTLbULpLb mam-palam GfffTffi] soru, fffT^LDsatham
barley -
apple - orange - rice flour-
lueuLD {luemsxi)
^uiSlefT appil ^ f f l ^ LDrrsi^ arisi mavu
^[r(^ aranju yavam (yavai),
semolina -
banana- loosejacket orange ajfTpQ3irT^es)LD
Ijsmaj ravai
eurremLpuuLpLD SLDsvrr c ^ O ' ( g j vargothumai
wheat
vdlai-p-palam kamala aranju flour-
Qs;aies)LD gothumai
custard apple - papaya- LDfTeij mavu
refined w h e a t flour -
uuurTsM{uuLpiM) grain -
sitthd-p-paUun pappdH( -p-palam) aniD^rr maidha
s^rrasfllULD dhaniyam
dates- pineapple - whole wheat flour -
m a i z e (U.S.: c o m ) -
^eiresTfT^uuLpih
gothumai mavu
periccham-palam annasi-p-palam makkd-c-chdlam

figs- raisins-
m i l l e t ( i n general) - L e g u m e s & Pulses
^es)esT thinai b e n g a l g r a m (split) -
^^^UULpiJD atthi-p-palam css/riu/ja; ^[rmLes)3=
a millet - d51_SinSU UQ^ULJ
gooseberry- kayntha thiratchai
SLDLI kambu kadalai paruppu
QfSsosSlasrriU nelli-k-kay sapota
milo - bengal g r a m flour -
grapes- s^uQumLi^rr sappotta
sweet-lime QmefTLa sdlam a!L_s!nso ui/TSi/ kadalai mavu
^rrmLes)a= thiratchai
s:fT0^S(gui. satthukkudi ragi b l a c k g r a m (split) -
guava -
water-melon (3iSy)Sl/ir@ kelvaragu
Qsmuiurr goyya
rice (unhusked) uluttham paruppu
jackfrilit ^/rysru dharbUs,
Qfgeb nel g r e e n g r a m (split)
ueorruuLpih pala-p-palam UlU^^LD U(ULj
dhar-p-pOsani r i c e (husked, b u t u n c o o k e d ) -
lemon/lime - payattham paruppu
wood-apple - ^ffi& arisi
STffl/ iBs^mf elumicchai, s p l i t g r a m ( p i g e o n pea) -
rice (parboiled) -
eSlerrrTLhuifiLh
elumiccham-palam vilam-palam
pulungal arisi thuvaram paruppu

172 173
 Nuts & on Seeds Spices & Condiments oregano Other Foods
i^LDLD omam
almonds- anise - bread-
pepper-
UfT^fTLO U(ULI GarnhLj sombu QrrmLuf. rotti
L3err(g milagu
badhSm paruppu asafoetida butter-
poppy s e e d -
arecca-nut- Quq^lilstTiULb peruhgayam QeueisrQessnlj venney
a3'ag=fT kasakasa
UfTS!^ pakku cardamom buttermilk -
tamarind
cashewnut - ^isossilTiu ela-k-kay QiDrrif mor
L/srS puli
chiUi- coffee-
turmeric -
munthiri-p-paruppu LSIerrmrriu milagay snuiSl kdppi
LD(e^3=erT manjal
coconut - cinnamon - coffee beans
vinegar-
G^liimiTlU thengay uiLemL^ pattai
arrut- kMi
g r o u n d n u t (peanut) - clove - kappi-k-kottai
SlirrnhLj kirSmbu Flesh. F o w l . & Sea F o o d coffee poTvder -
(ver-k-)kadalai coriander - beef- smJiS^^err kappi-t-thul
linseed- Qxrr^^LDebsSI kotthamalli iXiml(i1<S5<Bff5) mattu-k-kari cream-
^e^eSlm^ aliviihai cumin chicken
c^(Sjr)L_ ddai, edu
mustard s e e d - ^prsLD slragam GatTL^ kolj
curds-
<B(g kadugu c u r r y leaf crab-
^uSl^ thayir
peanut (groundnut) jBsmQl nandu
egg (chicken) -
(Gl//r<55)LS!nsO kariveppilai fish-
iSeir mm (LpiLmL^ muttai
(ver-k-)kadalai fenugreek
Qey^^iuiM venthayam meat- ghee (clarified butter) -
pistachio -
l3<s<MS,!T pistha garlic- cSSffS kari Q^tu ney

sesame (gingelly) seed - Lj^essrQl pUndu mutton - milk-

CTsfrisrj ellu ginger- ^il(ilff5) attu-k-kari urreo pdl

sunflower seed - inji pork- sugar

nutmeg uarr^ssr^ panri-k-kari s^p'sxemp' sarkkarai

siiriya-ganthi vithai SFrr^sxmu jdthi-k-kSy prawQS sugar-cane

^prreo irdl sq^LDLj karumbu

174 175
 ions Used
acc. = accusative (case) n. noun, nominal
adj. = adjective obj. = objective (dat. case)
adv. = adverb opp. = opposite
agric. = agriculture p. = participle
art = article (gram, term) p.p. = past participle
astron. = astronomy pi. = plural
bio. = biology pol. = polite (or politics)
boL = botany poss. = possessive (case)
conj. = conjunction (gram.) pred. = predicate
dat. = dative (case) pron. = pronoun
esp. = especially reflex. = reflexive
excl. = exclusive respect = respectful
f. = feminine (gender) v. respect = very respectful
fam. = familiar (address) sing.= singular
gen. = general s.o.= someone
hon. = honorific (address) Spk.Tam.= spoken Tamil
ind. = inclusive sth.= something
instru. = instrumental (case) sirf.= suffix
inteq. = interjection temp.= temperature
inteir. = inteffogative V. = verb
iff. = iffegular v.i. = verb instransitive
irrat = irrational v.t = verb transitive
m. = masculine (gender) voc. = vocative (case)

176