Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple

food.[1][2][3] There are many species of wheatwhich together make up the genus Triticum; the most
widely grown is common wheat (T. aestivum).
The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the Fertile
Crescent around 9600 BCE. Botanically, the wheat kernel is a type of fruit called a caryopsis.
Wheat is grown on more land area than any other food crop (220.4 million hectares, 2014).[4] World
trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined.[5] In 2016, world production of wheat was
749 million tonnes,[6] making it the second most-produced cereal after maize.[6][7] Since 1960, world
production of wheat and other grain crops has tripled and is expected to grow further through the
middle of the 21st century.[8] Global demand for wheat is increasing due to the
unique viscoelastic and adhesive properties of gluten proteins, which facilitate the production of
processed foods, whose consumption is increasing as a result of the worldwide industrialization
process and the westernization of the diet.[9][10]
Wheat is an important source of carbohydrates.[9] Globally, it is the leading source of vegetal protein
in human food, having a protein content of about 13%, which is relatively high compared to other
major cereals,[11] but relatively low in protein quality for supplying essential amino acids.[12][13] When
eaten as the whole grain, wheat is a source of multiple nutrients and dietary fiber.[9]
In a small part of the general population, gluten the major part of wheat protein can
trigger coeliac disease, non-coeliac gluten sensitivity, gluten ataxia and dermatitis herpetiformis.[1

Farming techniques[edit]
Technological advances in soil preparation and seed placement at planting time, use of crop rotation
and fertilizers to improve plant growth, and advances in harvesting methods have all combined to
promote wheat as a viable crop. Agricultural cultivation using horse collarleveraged plows (at about
3000 BCE) was one of the first innovations that increased productivity. Much later, when the use
of seed drillsreplaced broadcasting sowing of seed in the 18th century, another great increase in
productivity occurred.
Yields of pure wheat per unit area increased as methods of crop rotation were applied to long
cultivated land, and the use of fertilizersbecame widespread. Improved agricultural husbandry has
more recently included threshing machines and reaping machines (the 'combine harvester'), tractor-
drawn cultivators and planters, and better varieties (see Green Revolution and Norin 10 wheat).
Great expansion of wheat production occurred as new arable land was farmed in the Americas and
Australia in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Government Help

he Indian government has, since independence, subsidised many industries and products, from fuel
to food.[1][1]
However, the argument against subsidies in India does not consider that just agricultural and
fisheries subsidies form over 40% of the EU budget (see Agricultural subsidy) although in Europe
less than 10% of the people compared to India will be affected. This is also true of United States and
most other Western countries.

Introduction[edit]
A subsidy, often viewed as the converse of a tax, is an instrument of fiscal policy. Derived from the
Latin word 'subsidium', a subsidy literally implies coming to assistance from behind. However, their
beneficial potential is at its best when they are transparent, well targeted, and suitably designed for
practical implementation.
Like indirect taxes, they can alter relative prices and budget constraints and thereby affect decisions
concerning production, consumption and allocation of resources. Subsidies in areas such as
education, health and environment at times merit justification on grounds that their benefits are
spread well beyond the immediate recipients, and are shared by the population at large, present and
future. For many other subsidies, however the case is not so clear-cut. Arising due to extensive
governmental participation in a variety of economic activities, there are many subsidies that shelter
inefficiencies or are of doubtful distributional credentials. Subsidies that are ineffective or
distortionary need to be weaned out, for an undiscerning, uncontrolled and opaque growth of
subsidies can be deleterious for a country's public finances.
In India, as also elsewhere, subsidies now account for a significant part of government's
expenditures although, like that of an iceberg, only their tip may be visible. These implicit subsidies
not only cause a considerable draft on the already strained fiscal resources, but may also fail on the
anvil of equity and efficiency as has already been pointed out above.
In the context of their economic effects, subsidies have been subjected to an intense debate in India
in recent years. Issues like the distortionary effects of agricultural subsidies on the cropping pattern,
their impact on inter-regional disparities in development, the sub-optimal use of scarce inputs like
water and power induced by subsidies, and whether subsidies lead to systemic inefficiencies have
been examined at length. Inadequate targeting of subsidies has especially been picked up for
discussion.
This paper based on the study conducted by Srivastava, Sen et al. under the aegis of National
Institute of Public Finance and Policy, and the discussion paper brought out by Department of
Economic Affairs( Ministry of Finance) in 1997, aims to provide a comprehensive estimate of budget-
based subsidies in India. In addition, recent trends have been included from the Economic Survey
for the year 2004-05. Attention is focused on bringing out the magnitude of the implicit subsidies, in
addition to the explicit ones, to form an idea as to how heavy a draft do they constitute on the fiscal
resources of the economy.

List of Tools
Wheat It is used for harvesting wheat crop.
Harvester

11 Wheat Thresher It is used for threshing wheat

grain.
It is used for harvesting of crops
12 Self Propelled Straw Reaper mostly at ground level & useful for
cutting crops like Wheat, paddy
and other green fodder.
It is designed to cut the straw in
13 Straw Reaper small pieces and to collect the left
out grains during harvesting

14 Castor Sheller It is used for shelling and cleaning

castor pods