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Culture Documents
2011.
UNIVERZALNA ZBIRKA
POTPUNO RIJEENIH ZADATAKA
PRIRUNIK ZA SAMOSTALNO UENJE
EKSPONENCIJALNE i
LOGARITAMSKE
FUNKCIJE
LOGARITMI www.mim-sraga.com
Autor:
MLADEN SRAGA
Grafiki urednik:
Mladen Sraga
BESPLATNA - WEB-VARIJANTA
Tisak:
M.I.M.-SRAGA d.o.o.
Ovo je jako skraena varijanta nae zbirke samo oglednih 40-ak zadataka .
1. Izraunaj:
1) log 5 25 2) log 3 3 3) log 2 8
2. Koliko je:
1) log 2 8 2) log 3 27 3) log 2 16
3. Izraunaj:
1 1 1
4) log 9 x = 5) log 8 x = 6) log 3 x =
2 3 2
1
7) log 2 x = 8) log 2 x = 0 9) log 0.1 x = 2
3
1 1
10) log 25 x = 11) log 27 x =
2 3
4. Izraunaj:
2 4
1) log x 9 = 2) log x 16 = 3) log x 36 = 2
3 5
4 1 1
4) log x 81 = 5) log x = 8 6) log x 3 =
3 16 2
1 1
7) log x 3 2 = 8) log x 3 2 = 9) log x 25 = 2
3 6
1 8 1
10) log 25 x = 11) log x =
2 27 3
5.
log 2 5
log3 5 log 2 7 1
1) 3 2) 2 3)
2
log 4 5
1
7) 3log9 25 8)
4
6. Logaritmiraj:
1) log (10 x ) 2) log100 x 2 3) log ( x 2 y 3 z 4 )
10 x2
4) log 5) log 6) log x 2
x y3
x3 x
7) log x3 8) log 9) log
y5 y 3
10
10) log 3 x 11) log 5 x 12) log 4
x
7. Logaritmiraj
100 x2 xy
1) log 2 2) log 3) log
x 10 y 3 100
3
x2 100 x 2 x2 y3
4) log 5) log 6) log
100 x 10 x
x2 y3 10 x x2 y3
7) log 8) log 9) log 5
10 y 1000
8.
log 36 log 324 log 3 log 5
1) 2) 3)
log 2 + log 3 log 3 + log 6 9
log
25
4
log
25 1 + log 2.5
4) 5)
log 2 log 5 log 35 log 7
9.
1) log ( x + 2 ) + log ( x 4 ) = log ( 2 x 3)
10.
3
1.) = 2 log x
log x + 2
1.
1) log 5 25 = ? Zadatak rjeavamo pomou pravila br.1. : log a b = c b = a c
log 5 25 = x uvdemo nepoznanicu x , pa imamo a = 5, b = 25, c = x
25 = 5 x b = ac , 25 = 52
52 = 5 x primjenimo pravilo br.30
2=x Pravila za LOGARITMIRANJE
x=2
1) log 5 25 = x 2) log 3 3 = x
25 = 5 x 3 = 3x
52 = 5 x 31 = 3x
2=x 1= x
x=2 x =1
3) log 2 8 = x 4) log 2 8 = x
8 = 2x 2 = 8x
23 = 2 x 21 = ( 23 ) x
3= x 21 = 23 x
x=3 1 = 3x
3x = 1 / : 3
1
x=
3
5) l og 9 3 = x 6) log 4 0.25 = x
3=9 x
0.25 = 4 x
25
31 = ( 32 ) x = 4x
100
1
1 = 2x =4
x
4
2x = 1 / : 2 4 1 = 4 x
1
x= 1 = x
2
x = 1
1.
7) log100 = x 8) l og 0.1 = x
log10 100 = x log10 0.1 = x
100 = 10 x
0.1 = 10 x
1
102 = 10 x = 10 x
10
2=x 101 = 10 x
x=2 1 = x
x = 1
2. Koliko je:
1) log 2 8 = x 2) log 3 27 = x
8 = 2x 27 = 3x
23 = 2 x 33 = 3x
3= x 3= x
x=3 x=3
3) log 2 16 = x 4) log 1 16 = x
2
x
1
16 = 2 x
16 =
2
24 = 2 x 24 = ( 21 ) x
4=x 24 = 2 x
x=4 4=x
x = 4
5) log 1 32 = x 6) log 1 27 = x
2 3
x x
1 1
32 = 27 =
2 3
25 = ( 21 ) x 33 = ( 31 ) x
25 = 2 x 33 = 3 x
5= x 3=x
x = 5 x = 3
3.
1) log 2 x = 4 2) log 3 x = 9
x = 24 x = 39
x = 16
1
3) log 1 x = 2 4) log 9 x =
2 2
2
1
x = (9) 2
1
x=
2
1
x= x= 9
4
x=3
1 1
5) log 8 x = 6) log 3 x =
3 2
x = (8) 3
1 1
x = 32
x = 38 x= 3
x=2
1
7) log 2 x = 8) log 2 x = 0
3
1
x = 23 x = 20
x= 3
2 x =1
1 1
9) log 0.1 x = 2 10) log 25 x = 11) log 27 x =
2 3
1 1
x = 0.12 x = 25 2 x = 27 3
2
1
x= x= 25 x= 3
27
10
1
x= x=5 x = 3 33
100
x=3
4.
2 4
1) log x 9 = 2) log x 16 =
3 5
2 3 4
9 = x3 /2 16 = x 5
2 5
93 = x 16 4 = x
3 1 5
x = 92 x = 16 4
x = ( 32 ) 2
3
x= (( 2 ) ) 4 1
4 5
2 3
x = 31 2
x = 25
x = 33 x = 32
x = 27
4
3) log x 36 = 2 4) log x 81 =
3
12 43 34
36 = x 2 / 81 = x /
12 34
36 =x 81 =x
12 34
x = 36 x = 81
1
x = ( 34 )
34
x= 1
36 2
1
x = 31 ( 4 )
4 3
x=
36
1
x= x = 33
6
1
x=
33
1
x=
27
4.
1 1
5) log x = 8 6) log x 3 =
16 2
1 1 1
= x 8 / 8 3 = x2 /2
16
1
1 8
=x 32 = x
16
1
1 8
x= 3= x
16
1
16 8
x= x=3
1
x = ( 24 ) 8
1
4 18
x=2
1
x = 22
x= 2
1 1
7) log x 3 2 = 8) log x 3 2 =
3 6
1 1
3
2 = x3 /3 3
2 = x6 /6
3
23 = x 3
26 = x
2=x x = 3 26
x = ( 26 ) 3
1
x=2
6
x = 23
x = 22
x=4
8
9) log x 25 = 2 10) log x =3
27
1 8
25 = x 2 /2 = x3
27
1
1 8 3
25 = x
2
=x
27
1
1 8 3
x = 25 2
x=
27
1
23 3
x= 25 x= 3
3
1
2 3
3
x=5 x =
3
2
x=
3
5.
1) 3log3 5 = x po pravilu a loga x = x
2) 2log2 7 = 7
log 2 5
1 1
= ( 2 1 )
log 2 5 1 log 2 15
3) = 21log2 5 = 2log2 5 = 2 =
2 5
1
log 6 1 1
log3 6
3log9 6 = 3 = 32 = 3log3 6 = 6 2 = 6
2
4) 32
2
5) 4log2 5 = 22 log2 5 = 2log2 5 = 52 = 25
2
6) 25log5 2 = 52 log5 2 = 5log5 2 = 22 = 4
1
log 25 1 1
log3 25
7) 3log9 25
=3 32
=3 2
=3 log3 25 2
= 25 2 = 25 = 5
log 4 5
1 1
= ( 41 ) log4 5 = 4log4 5 = 51 =
1
8)
4 5
Pravila za LOGARITMIRANJE
7. Logaritmiraj:
100
1) log = log100 log x 2 = log102 2 log x = 2 log10 2 log x =
x2
= 2 1 2 log x = 2 2 log x
x2
2) log = log x 2 log (10 y 3 ) = 2 log x ( log10 + log y 3 ) = 2 log x log10 3log y =
10 y 3
= 2 log x 1 3log x
3) log
xy
100
= log xy log100 = log ( x )
y log102 = log x + log y 2 log10 =
1 1 1 1
= log x 2 + log y 2 2 1 = log x + log y 2
2 2
3
x2
= log 3 x 2 log100 = log ( x 2 ) 3 log102 = log x 3 2 log10 =
1 2
4) log
100
2 2
= log x 2 1 = log x 2
3 3
100 x 2
= log (100 x 2 ) log x = log100 + log x 2 log x 2 =
1
5) log
x
1 1
= log102 + 2 log x log x = 2 log10 + 2 log x =
2 2
3
= 2 + log x
2
7.
6) log
x2 y3
10 x
( ) (
= log ( x 2 y 3 ) log 10 x = log x 2 + log y 3 log10 + log x = )
1 1
= 2 log x + x + 3log y log10 log x 2 = 2 log x + 3log y 1 log x
2
x2 y3
= log ( x 2 y 3 ) log 10 = log x 2 + log y 3 log10 2 =
1
7) log
10
1 1
= 2 log x + 3log y log10 = 2 log x + 3log y
2 2
10 x
8) log
10 x
y
= log
10 x
= log
4 y
= log ( )
10 x log 4 y =
y
1 1 1 1
= log 10 + log x log y 4 = log10 2 + log x 2 log y =
4
1 1 1 1 1 1
= log10 + log x log y = + log x
2 2 4 2 2 4 log y
x2 y3 x 2 y 3 15 1 x2 y3 1
9) log 5
1000
= log
1000
= log
5 1000 5
(
= log ( x 2 y 3 ) log1000 = )
1 1
= ( log x 2 + log y 3 log103 ) = ( 2 log x + 3log y 3log10 ) =
5 5
1 1 1 2 3 3
= 2 log x + 3log y 3 1 = log x + log y
5 5 5 5 5 5
6. Logaritmiraj:
1) log (10 x ) = log10 + log x = 1 + log x
10
4) log = log10 log x = 1 log x
x
x2
5) log 3
= log x 2 log y 3 = 2 log x 3log y
y
6) log x 2 = 2 log x
7) log x3 = 3log x
x3
8) log 5 = log x3 log y 5 = 3log x 5log y
y
x 1 1
9) log 3
= log x log y 3 = log x 2 3log y = log x 3log y
y 2
1 1
10) log 3 x = log x 3 = log x
3
6.
1 1
11) log 5 x = log x 5 = log x
5
4
10 10 1 1 1 1
12) log 4 = log 4 = log 4 10 log 4 x = log10 4 log x 4 = log10 log x =
x x 4 4
1 1 1 1
= 1 log x = log x
4 4 4 4
1 1
13) log 3 100 x 2 = log (100 x 2 ) 3 = log (100 x 2 ) = ( log100 + log x 2 ) =
1
3 3
1 1 1
= ( log102 + 2 log x ) = ( 2 log10 + 2 log x ) = ( 2 1 + 2 log x ) =
3 3 3
2 2
= + log x
3 3
1 1
14) log 5 10 x3 = log (10 x3 ) 5 = log (10 x 3 ) = ( log10 + log x3 ) =
1
5 5
1 1 3
= (1 + 3log x ) = + log x
5 5 5
16) log 3 1 = 0
17) log 5 1 = 0
8.
log 36 log 62 2 log 6 2 log 6
1) = = = =2
log 2 + log 3 log ( 2 3) log 6 log 6
3 3 3
log log 1 log
log 3 log 5 5 = 5 = 5 1
3) = =
9 3
2
3 3 2
log log 2 log 2 log
25 5 5 5
2
4 2 2 2 log 2
log log 2 log
4) 25 = 5 = 5 = 5
=2
log 2 log 5 2 2 2
log log log
5 5 5
Pravila za LOGARITMIRANJE
9.
uvjeti :
1) log ( x + 2 ) + log ( x 4 ) = log ( 2 x 3) x+2>0 x4>0 2x 3 > 0
log ( x + 2 )( x 4 ) = log ( 2 x 3) x > 2 x>4 2x > 3
3
x>
( x + 2 )( x 4 ) = 2 x 3 2
x2 4 x + 2 x 8 2 x + 3 = 0
x>4
x 4x 5 = 0
2
( 4 ) ( 4 ) 4 1 ( 5 )
2
4 16 + 20 4 36 4 6
x1,2 = = = =
2 1 2 2 2
46 2 4 + 6 10
x1 = = x2 = =
2 2 2 2
x1 = 1 x2 = 5
uvjet kae da mora biti: x > 4 pa je jedino rjeenje x = 5
u v je ti:
2) log ( x + 3) + log ( x 1) = log ( 5 x + 7 ) x+3> 0 x 1 > 0 5x + 7 > 0
log ( x + 3) ( x 1) = log ( 5 x + 7 )
x > 3 x >1 5x > 7
7
x >
( x + 3) ( x 1) = 5 x + 7 5
x 2 x + 3x 3 5 x 7 = 0
u v ijet je x > 1
x 2 3 x 10 = 0
( 3) ( 3 ) 4 1 ( 10 )
2
3 9 + 40 3 49 3 7
x1,2 = = = =
2 1 2 2 2
37 4 3 + 7 10
x1 = = x2 = =
2 2 2 2
x1 = 2 x2 = 5
10.
3
1.) = 2 log x uvjet:
log x + 2
log x + 2 0
log x = t log x 2
3
= 2 t / (t + 2) x 102
t+2 1
3 = ( 2 t )( t + 2 ) x
100
3 = 22 t 2
3 = 4 t2
3 4 = t2
1 = t 2
t2 = 1 /
t= 1
t1 = 1 t2 = 1
log x = t
log x = 1 log x = 1
1
x = 10 x = 101
1
x= x = 10
10
1
uvjet: x
100
1
pa su rjeenja: x1 = i x2 = 10
10
Ako ne znate rijeiti neki zadatka iz kolske zbirke poaljite ga nama pa emo vam ga mi rijeiti.
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zadatka, tekst zadatka moete a i ne morate prepisivati.
mail: mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
3)
4)
9. 5.3.
5) 6)
7)
8)
7 8
9) log x =1 10) log x = 3
3 27
1
7 8
= x1 = x 3 3
3 27
1
7 8 3
x= = x
3 27
1 1
1
2 3 3 2 3 33
2 3 2
1
3
x= 3 = Autor = rjeenja:
kompletnih Mladen = Sraga
=
3 3 3M.I.M. 3
- Sragad.o.o. 2
28
LOGARITMI kompletna rjeenja www.mim-sraga.com
5.3.
a loga x = x
10.
koristimo pravilo:
11.
5.3.
11.
12.
5.3.
13.
14.
5.3.
15.
16.
Ovo je jako mali dio potpuno rijeenih zadataka iz nae interne skripte ili zbirke
potpuno rijeenih zadataka koju koristimo u radu naeg centra poduka i online
poduka.
Do kompletnih rjeenja moete doi tako da se ukljuite u online poduku ( cijena
99 kn )
Sve informacije oko naina online poduke i obine poduke
zatraite na na mail: mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
Ili na 01-4578-431 ili 098-488-515