HOW TO REDUCE REGULATED POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN GASOLINE AND DIESEL ENGINES?

There are two options: The first is the reduction at source, Engine design, combustion, engine
operation and engine control and the second is treatment by systems.

Pollutant Engine Diesel Engine Gasoline

CO2 Alternative fuel: natural gas ethanol and natural gas
This technology tends to produce lower CO2, and these gases have smaller
and simpler molecules giving cleaner combustion therefore results in less
soot formation.
SO2 Reduce S2 in the treatment of diesel in Unit of HydroSulfurization (HDS)
and Gasoline in HDS and Reforming.
HC (Ic) Technology catalytic converters by Technology catalytic converters by
oxidation process to H2O & CO2. oxidation process to H2O & CO2
- Technology Three way Catalyst, *Equivalent Ratio =1
utilizes O2 to oxidize HC and CO. - Technology Three way Catalyst,
utilizes O2 to oxidize HC and CO
more than 95% conversion
efficiency.

CO(Ic) Technology catalytic converters by -Technology catalytic converters

oxidation process to H2O & CO2.
- Technology Three way Catalyst,
utilizes O2 to oxidize HC and CO.
*When the lean mixture.
-OxyCat, oxidizes using O2 into CO2
and H20, also called Diesel
Oxidation Catalyst or DOCs.
NOx -Technology :Exhaust Gas
Recirculation (EGR) :
There is an excess of CO2 and the
relative amount of O2 reduce ,
increases the fraction of unreactive
gases in the mixture and act as a
heat sink during combustion and a
result reduce combustion
temperature therefore NOx
decreases.
- Technology: Catalytic converters
by reduce to N2, H2O & O2.
-Technology Three way Catalyst, it
reduce NOx into N2 using mainly
CO.
-Technology de NOx Catalyst by
NOx absorbers but mainly by SCR
(Selective Catalytic Reduction).
by oxidation process to H2O & CO2
*Equivalent Ratio =1
- Technology Three way Catalyst,
utilizes O2 to oxidize HC and CO
more than 95% conversion
efficiency.
Technology:
EGR: the same function.
Catalytic converters by reduce to
N2, H2O & O2.
*Equivalent Ratio =1
-Technology Three way Catalyst, it
reduce NOx into N2 using mainly CO
at temperature > 400C.
--Technology de NOx Catalyst by
NOx absorbers.

PM(soot) Technology: The common Rail Technology: The common Rail

Direct (CRDi) Direct (CRDi)
P>2000bar P>2000bar
Increased mixing of fuel & O2 and Increased mixing of fuel & O2 and
fuel atomization. fuel atomization.
Reduce combustion temperature Reduce combustion temperature
and soot due to local richness and soot due to local richness
decreases, but NOx increases. decreases, but NOx increases.
- Technology: Catalytic converters
by filter and burn to CO2 & H2O.
-Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is
emptied by burning, can get rid of
almost 99% of the soot.

Secondary emissions Principal emissions