Experiment: Frank-Hertz

Objective: Determine the concept of quantization of levels according bohar model

atom.

Apparatus:
Ampere meter
Volt meter
Manual auto switch
Filament voltage switch
Current multiple switch
Stepping knobs
Voltage stepping switch
Scan knob
Power plug
Connecting wires
Frank-hertz tube(argon)

Theory:
The frank-hertz experiment first performed in 1914.He verified that the atomic
electron energy state are quantized by observing maxima and minima in the trans mission of
electron through argon vapor the variation in electron current is caused by inelastic electron
scattering which excites the atomic electron of argon the frank-hertz experiment helping to
confirm the quantum theory which predicted that electron occupied only discrete quantized
energy state.
Diagram:

Step:
Select the manual option from manual auto switch.
Select the filament voltage.
Select the stepping voltage switch for ( 1.3v to 5 v) and (1.3 volt to 15 volt) and
( 0 volt to 100 volt).

Procedure:
Adjust the operating voltages.
Turn the manual auto switch to mannual, rotate the scan knob counter clock-
wise to end.
Select the current 10^7 from current multiple switch.
Turn the filament voltage selector to 4.5 volt.
Turn the voltage stepper to 1.3volt to 5 volt, and rotate 1.3 volt to 5 volt
adjust knob until the voltmeter reads 2.5 volt.
Turn voltage stepper to 1.3 volt to 15 volt adjust knob until the voltmeter
reads 13.5 volt.
Turn voltage stepper to 0 volt to 100 volt adjust knob until the voltmeter
reads 0 volt.
The filament voltage vary 3.5 to 5.5 volt.
Now rotate the 0 to 100 volt adjust knob very slowly and note the reading
from ammeter as well as voltmeter.
Find out maxima and minima and also.
Plot graph b/w current I and voltage v.
Observation and calculation:
Accelerating Voltage Current
Sr. No.
Volts (V) (mA)
1 10 0.01
2 20 0.02
3 30 0
4 40 0.12
5 50 0
6 60 0.21
7 70 0
8 80 0.3

GRAPH:
0.35

0.3

0.25
Current (I)

0.2

0.15 mA

0.1

0.05

0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
voltage (v)
Precaution:
During the experiment pay full concentrate to the output current
indicator. when the is over 60v.if the mille ammeters reading increases
suddenly, decreases the voltage at once to avoid the damage to the tube.
If you want to change the value during the experiment ,rotate the 0 to
10 0 volt adjust knob counter clockwise to end before making the change.
The filament voltage of this instrument is 3.5 volt ,4 volt,4.5
volt,5volt,5.5volt filament voltages.