CONTENT

1. GREEN BUILDING INDEX

2. ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE
3. DAYLIGHTING ESSENTIALS
4. HEAT GAINS THROUGH WINDOWS
5. OPTIMIZING THE BUILDING ENVELOPE

1
GREEN BUILDING INDEX

Gov Delivery Sys 1

 What are the LOCAL issues for Malaysia?

HYPER URBANIZATION - Urban Population expected to

grow by between 40% to 50% by 2030 from 70% to 80%
of Total Population. The way we plan our Cities will be
a Key component of a sustainable future
Malaysia will become a Net Importer of Energy by 2015.
How we design our buildings will reflect how much
energy they require to run.
Malaysia has the HIGHEST per capita Energy
Consumption among ASEAN countries
No control over import of energy inefficient equipment
as there are no proper standards WTO requirement

What are the major issues?

Gov Delivery Sys 2

 What are the major issues?

Malaysia as Net Energy Importer

SOURCE : PTM

Gov Delivery Sys 3

 Why Have GREEN or SUSTAINABLE Buildings?

Save energy and resources, recycle materials and

minimise the emission of toxic substances throughout
its life cycle,

Harmonise with the local climate, traditions, culture

and the surrounding environment, and

Able to sustain and improve the quality of human life

whilst maintaining the capacity of the ecosystem at
local and global levels

Gov Delivery Sys 4

 Why Have GREEN BUILDING INDEX?

Allows for easy public evaluation of what are

REAL green buildings,

Serves as key design principles for Architects

and Engineers to design green buildings, and

Performance parameters are set for better

TOTAL BUILDING PERFORMANCE

GREEN BUILDING INCENTIVES

On Promoting Construction of Green Buildings

To expand the use of green technology

To promote green technology

given income tax exemption equivalent to the

additional capital expenditure

from developers be given stamp duty exemption on

instruments of transfer of ownership.

Gov Delivery Sys 5

 2
ENERGY EFFICIENT
ARCHITECTURE

Gov Delivery Sys 6

 How Energy Efficient are Malaysian Buildings?

100%

80%
Cumulative percentile

BEI of office
60% buildings in
Malaysia
40%
Source: PTM
20%

0%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Building Energy Index (kWh/m2 year)

Normal buildings
(Kuala Lumpur)

Malaysian Office Buildings

Energy Indexes
300
LEO building
Solar energy
(Putrajaya)
Electricity consumption kWh/m/year

Electricity consumption
250

200

150

100

50

0 ZEO building
(Bangi)
-50

-100 Normal LEO ZEO

buildings Building Building

Low-energy
(Low Energy Office)
0-energy
(Zero Energy Office)

Gov Delivery Sys 7

 Where is the most Energy Used?
Novozymes Office Building Energy Load

Equipment
24%

Air Conditioning
Lighting
Equipment

Lighting
12%
Air Conditioning
64%

Green Building Index (Non-Residential)

innovatn
7%

water
10% energy
35%
matls
11%

site
16%
IEQ
21%

Gov Delivery Sys 8

 MS1525 the Cornerstone of Malaysian Energy Efficiency

MS 1525:2014
All buildings exceeding 4,000
m2 of air conditioned space
shall be provided with an
EMS system and
OTTV shall not exceed 50
W/m2
RTTV shall not exceed 25
W/m2

Optimizing Window functions

HEAT GAIN vs DAYLIGHT

VIEW vs PRIVACY
FRESH AIR vs HUMIDITY

Gov Delivery Sys 9

 Temperature and Humidity ( Subang Weather Data)
Why do we need to air condition our Offices?

Relative Humidity 80%

The Comfort Zone

3
DAYLIGHTING ESSENTIALS

Gov Delivery Sys 10

 AFTER AIR CONDITIONING LIGHTING ENERGY
CONSUMPTIONB IS THE NEXT MOST IMPORTANT
FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.
Energy Index

150.0
worst
130.0
base
110.0 mewc

90.0
kWh/m2/year

70.0

50.0

30.0

10.0

-10.0
Fan Energy

Energy

Ppl Latent
Power

Fresh Air
Lighting

Lighting

Power Gain

Solar Gain

Conduction

Ppl Gain
Chiller

Fresh Air
Dehumid
Small

Dehumid
Gain

Gain
-30.0

Gain
Small

Gain
Ext

WINDOWS & DAYLIGHTING IN BUILDINGS

Daylight in Building
offset electrical
lighting load
Electrical lights
produces more heat
than Diffused Daylight
Zone electrical
lighting system
correctly

Gov Delivery Sys 11

 DAYLIGHTING ESSENTIALS

1. Bring the light in high, above the view plane

2. Diffuse sunlight inside the space. Dont allow beam
sunlight to strike work surfaces.
3. Use only north and south vertical windows
4. Choose the glazing carefully.

Continuous strip of narrow windows up high

A few view windows. These have a low visible transmittance (0.2
0.3), to balance the luminance of the walls with the luminance
of the outdoor view. Every work place in the building should have
a visual connection to the outside
Eggshell white color in the upper part of the room to bounce the
light across the room

Mid-to-light colors in the lower part of the room

Gov Delivery Sys 12

 Effect of Window design on daylight distribution

Max daylight penetration = 2.5xWindow Height

PSALI Permanent Supp Artificial Lighting

Gov Delivery Sys 13

 PSALI

4
HEAT GAIN THROUGH WINDOWS

Gov Delivery Sys 14

 TYPICAL BUILDING ENVELOPE HEAT GAINS

OTTV = 15(1-WWR)Uw + 6(WWR)Uf + 194xCFxWWRxSC

Heat Heat Solar Heat

Conduction Conduction Gain
through through through
Walls Windows Windows

5% to 10% 10% to 20% 75% to 85%

OTTV < 50 W/m2

Let the MAXIMUM DAYLIGHT in

Block out the SOLAR HEAT GAIN
by maximizing the
SHADING COEFFICIENT

Gov Delivery Sys 15

 WINDOW EXTERNAL SHADING

WINDOW SHADING
External Shading
Devices are more
effective than Internal
Blinds.
Only need to block
out Direct Sunlight.

Gov Delivery Sys 16

 HORIZONTAL LOUVERS FOR N-S
FACING WINDOWS

VERTICAL LOUVERS FOR E-W

FACING WINDOWS

HORIZONTAL LOUVERS FOR N-S

FACING WINDOWS

VERTICAL LOUVERS FOR E-W

FACING WINDOWS

Gov Delivery Sys 17

 IMPROVING THE SHADING COFFECIENT OF
WINDOWS

Window SC = Glass SC x Shading Device SC

SC = 0.6 x 0.8 = 0.48

window

a reduction of more than 50%

Projection

Window
Height

R1 = Projection / Window Height

Typical = 0.3m/1.2m = 0.25
SC = 0.8

Gov Delivery Sys 18

 TABLE 6

VERTICAL PROJECTIONS SHADING COEFFICIENTS

0.9

0.8

0.7
Shading Coefficients

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0.3 to 0.4 0.5 to 0.7 0.8 to 0.12 1.3 to 2.0
North/South 0.82 0.77 0.73 0.7
East 0.87 0.82 0.78 0.75
West 0.86 0.81 0.77 0.74
NE/SW 0.83 0.77 0.72 0.69
NW/SE 0.84 0.79 0.74 0.71
R2 (Projection / Window Width)

5
OPTIMISING THE
BUILDING ENVELOPE

Gov Delivery Sys 19

 Let the MAXIMUM DAYLIGHT in
By having the highest VLT
Block out the SOLAR HEAT GAIN by
maximizing the
SHADING COEFFICIENT=Lowest SC

VLT : visible light transmittance

CHOOSE SPECTRALLY SELECTIVE GLAZING

ideal window transmittance

solar spectrum

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Wavelength, nm
visible

Gov Delivery Sys 20

 WINDOW GLAZING
Spectrally Selective Glazing :
Lets in the lights, blocks out the heat

Tinted Glazing
Heat
Light

Sp. Sel. Glazing

Heat
Light

Typical Values, Double Glazing : Light 60% Transmission

Heat 30 % Transmission

Gov Delivery Sys 21

 THANK YOU

Gov Delivery Sys 22