:

bulawali@gmail.com, ali@bulawali.com :

www.bulawali.com :

20-07-2017 :

*

( )






% 20
% 80 1000 .


% 100
Introduction

.
% 30 % 40
.[2].[3].[5].[6].
*
% 2
.% 5
. ].[5


700 ][1
|Page1
 ( )1 source and Alternative Fuel
types
.[5] .





......

.[2].





( )

.





.








.

|Page2
 ( )1

.[5].
Fuel Substitution Lower heat Water Ash C content % Associated
)rate (% value content content )(by dry wt. Emissions
)(kcal/Dry kg )(% )(%
( )

Agricultural biomass

rice husks 35 3194- 3871 10 20.6 38.8 CL

Wheat straw 20 3776; 4349 ;14.2 ;4.5; 3-5 44.9; 48.8
7.3; 12 8.9
Corn Stover 20 3680 ;9.41; 35 ;7.46 42.5
11 3.25
Sugarcane 20 3776.3 < 15 7.7 39.8
leaves


Sugarcane 20 ;3441.7 10- 15 4.2 44.1
)(bagasse ;3728.5
4636.7
( )
Rapeseed 20 3919.7 12.6 5.9 45.2
stems

Hazelnut 20 4182.6 9.2 3.5 52.9

shells


Palm nut 20 2844.2 10
shells

Non-Agricultural biomass

Dewatered 20 2509.6- 75 21.8 53.92; 30 Heavy

sewage 6931.2 metals
sludge

|Page3
 Fuel Substitution Lower heat Water Ash C content % Associated
rate (%) value content content (by dry wt.) Emissions
(kcal/Dry kg) (%) (%)
)(

Heat dried 10 Heavy

sewage metals
sludge



Paper sludge 20 1959.8 70 26 Cl

Paper 2988 - 5258 8.33 47.99 Cl

Sawdust 20 3944 20 2.6 46.9 Cl (if from
treated
wood)

Waste wood 20 3705; -4159 33.3 0.9 50 Cl, toxics if

treated or
painted

Animal waste 3824 -4063; 15 34

(none meal, 4541
fat)

)(

Chemical and hazardous waste

Spent solvent Range: 0- 10.3; 47.7 dioxins
9560 16.5
Avg.: 5019 -
5975
Paint 3896 9 34 41- 51
residues

Hazardous 50 Dioxins,
waste (misc.) heavy
metals
)(
Obsolete 57
pesticides 7958 NOx
(
)

|Page4
 Fuel Substitution Lower heat Water Ash C content % Associated
rate (%) value content content (by dry wt.) Emissions
(kcal/Dry kg) (%) (%)
)(

Petroleum - based waste

Tires < 20 % 6644; 8867 0.3 NOx, SO2,
CO
Polyethylene 10994 2.1 27.4 71 Cl

Polypropylene 10994 2.1 27.4 71 Cl

Polystyrene 9799 2.1 27.4 71 Cl

Waste oils 5163 5 46 Zn, CD, Cu,
Pb

Petroleum coke 4517; 8054 0.4 78.24% C SO2, NOx,

)pet-coke( CO, V2O5

Miscellaneous waste

Polypropylene 6716.1 0.2 21.2 56.9 Cl, Sb, Cr,
carpet residues Zn


Nylon carpet 6788 0.9 25.4 42.2 Cl, Sb, Cr,
Residues Zn, NOx

Textiles 30 3896 5.8 1.2 44.6 Sb, Cr, Zn

Automotive 2 3943 2.2 36.2 46.2 Cl, heavy
shredder metals
residues

Demolition and 5975 18.8 20.6
commercial
wastes


Landfill gas 4708

MSW (hh) 2868 -3824 10- 35 40 Cl, heavy
metals,
NOx

|Page5
 Alternative Fuel preparing



.









.



Alternative fuel storing

.






70
%



.





.


.
.

|Page6

% 40
.[1].

(.[1].)C3S, C2S, C3A, C4A
Short illustration on clinker
production in dry process
How to burning the alternative

fuel in kiln system









,





.






80 800







800 1000


.

% 60



1400

|Page7




.
.

Alternative fuel effect on kiln

System Operation


% 20
()

.[4]. (.)1





( )Hot Disk FLS
CONOx SO2 [1].


.[1]. ((
.





25
10


( % ) 0.5- 0.2




.

|Page8
 0.15

% 20

.




.




()
( )NOx
.[2].








.
( )SiO2


Alternative fuel using benefits
( )90 % - 78 %









.



Alternative fuel using
.
disadvantage





.[5].

|Page9


.






.
( )
( )Setting Time
.
Feasibility calculations for
the use of alternative fuels (0.01
)%0.2 - %


* ( ) ()Setting Time
(100 ) .
( 7000 \
).

* ( 25

) ( 6000
\ ).

*
700
().
.[2].
*
.% 20 ( )Furans
( )Dioxins
* -:
1 = ( 100 )
1 = ( 0.1
)
1 = ( 25 )
1 = ( 0.025
)


.[1].
.

*
= 700
| P a g e 10
 * % ) (\ ) \ 7000
= * 0.2( + )2.9 * 0.2( + 10 * 0.8 ( \ ) =
)2.9 * 0.16 ( 0.1 \
= ( 8.67 = 0.0928 + 0.58 + 8 ).
) * (
) = 0.1
( \ ) * 0.1
( ) ( \ ) *
( 10 ) (8.67 (1000 \ ) = ( 10
) ( \ ).
) % 13.31.4
( ). *
* 1 = 1 = 700
(\ ) \ 6000
* ( \ ) =
(5000 \ ) ( 0.116 \
* ).
330
* (
) = (0.116
\ )*(0.025
= 2,310,000 = 330* 1.4 * 5000 \ ) *1000
( \ ) =( 2.9 ).

*
% 20 ( % 20 \ (= )0.1 %
\ .) 0.116
= ( 5000 \) *330
(\) *( 0.116* 20% 20
\ ) = ( 38280 = (\ 0.116*0.2
\) ( % 23.2 = 0.232 = )0.1 ).

= (())23.2-20
-: \ % 16 =100* )20
= ( \) *( 330\)
*( 0.1* %20 \
)
= ( 33000 \ ) .

% 16 *
= % 20 1
(38280 =33000+ )33000*0.16 = ( % 80 ) 20( +
( \) % ) 16 * % 20( +
| P a g e 11

- :
*

.
*



.
.
*

.
*


( 6 18
) .
*


.

Conclusions















.

| P a g e 12
 )References(
-1
.)(
Alternative Fuel in Cement -2
Manufacturing (Moses P.M.
Chinyama ).
Use of alternative fuels in -3
cement industry (Constantinos
S. Psomopoulos & Nickolas J.
Themelis).
Designing Green Cement -4
Plant (S.P. Deolalkar).
Use of Alternative Fuels -5
in Cement Manufacture:
Analysis of Fuel
Characteristics and
Feasibility for Use in the
Chinese Cement Sector.
(ERNEST ORLANDO
LAWRENCE BERKELEY
NATIONAL LABORATORY).
alternative energy source in -6
cement manufacturing A
Review of the Systematic
Body of Knowle.

| P a g e 13