Chewing

Position of teeth affect what? Swallowing

Speaking

Lips and cheeks (lingually

Forces that can affect tooth directed forces)
position Tongue (labial and buccally
directed forces)

the tooth position in the oral

Neutral positon cavity where the labiolingual and
buccolingual forces are equal

What causes labial displacement the constant resting or posturing

of the anterior teeth? of the tongue

Yes, but you need to know the etiology

of the position, because if you don't
Should you correct tooth
eliminate it, nothing will fix it
position?
(biting a pipe, musical instruments, etc)
What does the alveolar bone and
mesial drift (which is fine as long
gingival fibers surrounding teeth
as there is no tooth missing)
cause?

slight buccolingual drift

What positionally occurs during
vertical movement which causes
mastication?
wear to the proximal contacts

Helps stabilize tooth alignment

What does occlusal contact and prevents the extrusion
provide? (supereruption) of teeth and
maintains arch stability

the distal tooth drifts mesially

What happens when a tooth is
the unopposed tooth often
missing?
supererupts

the relationship of the teeth to

Intra-arch tooth alignment
each other within the dental arch

plane of occlusion
is the occlusal plane flat?
Inclination of teeth in mandibular
arch
Inclination of teeth in maxillary
arch
Curve of Spee
the plane that would be established if a line
were drawn through all the buccal cusp tips
and incisal edges of the mandibular teeth
and then broadened into a plane to include
the lingual cusp tips and continuiing across
the arch to include the buccal and lingual
cusp tips of the opposite side
NO! because the centers of
rotation are shifting, this would
not work.
All are mesially inclined
Posterior: lingually inclined
Anterior: mesially inclined
Posterior molars: distally & buccaly inclined
From lateral view, the line along
the buccal cusps of the posterior
teeth
convex for maxillary arch
concave for mandibular arch
 From frontal view, the line through
the buccal and lingual cusp tips of
both right and left posterior teeth
Curve of Wilson
convex for maxillary
concave for mandibular

anterior open bite, usually due to

an active tongue

occlusal table
area of the tooth between the buccal and lingual
cusp tips

inner aspect of tooth between the cusp tips

inner inclines

from cusp tip to central fossa

 outer inclines
from from cusp tip to height of contour on
lingual or labial surface

Tooth inclines

can be inner/outer and also mesial/distal

relationship of teeth in one arch

interarch tooth alignment
to those in the other

line that begins at the distal surface of the

third molar, etends mesially through all of
the proximal contact areas around the arch
and ends at the distal surface of the
arch length opposite third molar

(mandible is slightly smaller due to small

central incisors)

distance across the arch

arch width
(mandible is slightly smaller)
Normal occlusal relationship of
posteriors
mandibular buccal cusps occlude along the central fossa of the maxillary teeth.

maxillary lingual cusps occlude along the central fossa of the mandibular teeth

protects the soft tissue

- buccals of max protect cheek
- linguals of mand protect tongue

cross bite
the maxillary buccal cusps contact in the central
fossa of the mandibular teeth

lingual of maxillary
buccals of mandibular

centric (supporting) cusps maintain distance between max and mand

location and function supports vertical facial height (vert
dimension of occlusion)

mastication

broad and rounded

centric (supporting) cusp
cusp tips are 1/3 the distance into
morphology
the total buccolingual width of
the tooth

non-centric (guiding) cusps

location and function buccals of maxillary
linguals of mandibular

small area on the inner incline of this cusp near the central fossa that contact the outer aspect of the opposing
centric cusp is the functional outer aspect*

Give mandible stability

"guiding cusps"
 sharp ("shearing" cusps)
non-centric (guiding) cusp one sixth the distance into the
morphology total buccolingual width of the
tooth

when teeth are in full occlusion

maximum intercuspal position
if mandible moves laterally, the
(ICP)
noncentric contact with contact
and guide it.

line through all the buccal cusps

Bucco-occlusal line (BO)
of mandibular posterior teeth

line through the lingual cusps of

linguo-occlusal line (LO)
the maxillary posterior teeth

line through the central

developmental grooves of the
central fossa line (CF)
maxillary and mandibular
posterior teeth
 Where are proximal contact
Slightly buccal to it.
areas in relation to the CF line?

What is larger, the lingual or

Lingual (spillway for food)
labial embrasure?

BO of mandible occludes with CF

of maxillary
Occlusion related to the line
LO of maxillary occludes with CF
of mandibular

1. Where the centric cusp tips contact the opposing CF

line

and
Where do occlusal contacts
occur? 1. The centric cusp tips contact the the marginal ridge
and embrasure areas

**not just cups tip, an area with radius 0.5 mm provides

the contact area on the opposing tooth surface

Each tooth occludes with two mandibular central incisors

opposing teeth except: maxillary third molars
 it's namesake in the opposing
arch and one other tooth
What tooth does most teeth
occlude with mandibular teeth are slightly
lingual and mesial to their
counterparts

MB cusp of mand 1st molar

Class I- mand first molar occludes in embrasure area
relationship between the max 1st molar and
2nd premolar

MB cusp of max first molar is aligned

directly over the buccal goove of the
Class I- max first molar mand 1st molar
relationship
ML cusp of max first molar is situated in
the central fossa of the mand first molar

each mandibular tooth occludes

Class I general with its counterpart and the
adjacent mesial tooth

Occlusal contact pattern on both cusp tips and fossae and

between molars cusp tips and marginal ridges

Variation in occlusal contact
patterns
1. cusp contacts the embrasure (and
often both adjacent marginal ridges- 2
contacts on cusp tip)
2. cusp tip only contact one marginal
ridge (one contact on cusp tip)

Max arch is large or advanced

anterior
Class II- why?
Mand arch is small or positioned
posteriorly

the mandibular first molar is

distal to the class I molar
Class II general
relationship (by the mesiodistal
width of a premolar)

the MB cusp of the mand 1st molar

Class II- mand first molar
relationship
occludes in the CF of the maxillary first
molar
the MB cusp of the mand 1st molar is
aligned with the buccal groove of the
maxillary first molar

the DL cusp of the max 1st molar

Class II- max first molar
occludes in the CF area of the
relationship
mand 1st molar
 Class I, II, III

Class III cause predominant growth of mandible

Mand molars are mesial to the

maxillary molars
Class III general
the mandibular first molar is mesial
to the class I molar relationship (by
the mesiodistal width of a premolar)

the DB cusp of mand 1st molar is

Class III- mand first molar in the embrasure between the
relationship max 2nd premolar and the first
molar

the MB cusp of the max first molar is

Class III- max first molar
relationship
over the embrasure between the mand
first and second molar
the ML cusp of the max first molar is in
the mesial pit of the mand second
molar
 Class I
Most common class?
Other classes are UNcommon,
but tendencies are common

Maxillary are labial to mandibular

Occlusion for Anteriors BUT, unlike posterior teeth, both

max and mad are inclined to the
labial

the incisal edges of the mand incisors contact the

lingual surfaces of the max incisors (usually in lingual
fossae)

Normal anterior teeth occlusion little more than half of the mand incisor crowns are
visible

Not good for heavy occlusal forces so usually light

or no contacts

To guide the mandible through

What is the function of anterior lateral movements
teeth?
"anterior guidance"

horizontal distance by which max

anterior overlap the mand anteriors

Horizontal overlap or Overjet distance between the labial incisal

edge of max incisor and the labial
surface of mand incisor in intercuspal
position
 distance between the incisal
edges of the opposing anterior
vertical overlap or Overbite teeth

normal: 3-5mm

when person has class II molar relationship

(underdeveloped mandible)

mand anterior teeth often contact the gingival

deep bite third of the lingual surface of the max teeth

extreme: contact the gingival tissue palatal to

max incisors

If in an anterior class II
relationship, the max centrals and
Division 1
laterals are at normal labial
inclination

Class II, Division 2 (anterior when the max incisors are

relationship) lingually inclined

pronounced mandibular growth

mand anterior teeth are forward and in

end-to-end contact with the incisal edge of the max
anterior teeth

(class III molar relationship)

What does end-to-end mean for
Class III
the molar relationship?

opposing anterior teeth do not

contact or overlap
Open bite
(negative vertical overlap)