COMPUTER

Computer 'kCn dh mRifk xzhd Hkk"kk ds ,d 'kCn Compute ls gqbZ gS] ftldk vFkZ
gksrk gS x.kuk djukA Computer dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ x.kuk djus okyk vFkkZr lax.kd
gksrk gSA
The History of computer
1. ABACUS- bldh [kkst phu essa yxHkx 300 bZ iwoZ esa gqbZ FkhA bls Counting
Frame ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk FkkA bldk mi;ksx eq[; :i ls ,fk;k ds dqN fgLlksa
esa vad xf.krh; leL;kvksa dks gy djus ds fy, gqvkA
bldk fuekZ.k eq[; :i ls ydM+h ls fd;k x;k] ftlesaa dqN yksgs ds NM+ Mky
fn;s x;s ftlesa dqN Beads(eksrh) yxh gqbZ FkhA
2. Logrithm- bldk [kkst tkWu usfi;j us lu~ 1614 esa dhA blesa tksM+us rFkk ?kVkus
ds lkFk&lkFk xq.kk djus dk Hkh gy fudkyk x;kA
;g 11 Rods ds lewg ls cuk Fkk ftls 9 cjkcj Hkkxksa esa ckVk x;k
FkkAbUgha Rods dks Bones Hkh dgk x;kA
3. Slide Rule- bldh [kkst lu~ 1620 bZ esa fofy;e vkmVjsM ds }kjk gqbZ] bldk
mi;ksx eq[; :i ls xq.kk] Hkkx rFkk dqN Functions tSls& Rootunder, Log and
Trigonomatry etc ds fy, gqvkA bldk mi;ks ewy :i tksM+us rFkk ?kVkus esa ugha
gqvkA Slide Rule dk bLrseky vf/kdrj Engineer and Scientist ds }kjk tfVy leL;kvksa dks
gy djus esas gqvkA
4. Pascaline- Cyst ikLdy us lu~ 1642 esa bldk vkfodkj fd;kA ;g ,d Mechenical Calculator
Fkk ftls 18 okZ ds ,d Franch tax collector ds iq= us cuk;k Fkk ftldk uke Cyst ikLdy
FkkA bls Numerical wheel Calculator ds uke ls Hkh tkuk x;kA blds vkfodkj ls mlds
firk dks calculation djus esa dkQh vklkuh gqbZA
5. Difference Engine Charles Babbage us lu~ 1822 esa bldk vkfodkj fd;kA bls eq[;r%
Differential Equation dks gy djus ds fy, fd;k x;kA
6. Alalytical Engine- lu~ 1832 esa Charles Babbage vpkud l/kkj.k ms; dk Electronic
Computer dk vkfodkj djus ds fy, sfjr gq,A ftlds ckn mUgksaus Analytical Engine dk
vkfodkj fd;kA
;g Computer ds bfrgkl esa lcls igyk Electronic Computer Fkk ftls Charles Babbage us
cuk;kA vr% Charles Babbage dks gha Computer ds tUenkrk] firkeg] vkfodkjd]tud
bR;kfn dgk tkrk gSA
The Full Form of Computer
C - Commonly/ Common U - Used for
O - Operating T - Technical/Technological
M - Machine E - Education and
P - Particularly/Purposely R - Research.

WHAT IS COMPUTER
 Computer ,d ,slh electronic machine gksrh gS tks gekjs }kjk izkIr lwpukvksa dks
funsZ"kksa ds vuqlkj gy djds gesa vafre :Ik esa bldk ifj.kke miyC/k djkrh
gSA ;g fcuk funsZ"kksa ds dqN Hkh ugha dj ldrk gSA
nwljs 'kCnksa esa ge dg ldrs gSa fd ,d Computer task or Data dks
izkIr dj funsZ'kksa ds vk/kkj ij process dj vafre :Ik esa gesa Result or
Information miyC/k djkrh gSA

The principlefl)kar of computer:

Process
Input output
( Task/data) (Result/Information)

Result/Output
Input

a) Water
b) Milk
Process
c) Tea Leaf Tea
d) Sugar

Computer dh fo'ks"krk,a
(i) Xfr
(ii) 'kq)rk
(iii) Logical task (rdZ laxr dk;Z)
(iv) vuq'kklu
(v) Lej.k {kerk
(vi) Ykphykiu
(vii) vko`fr

Computer dk mi;ksx
vkt ds ;qx esa computer euq; ds fy, cgqr vko';d gks x;k gS] Computer ds
fcuk ge vius dk;Z dks 'kq)rk ds lkFk rsth ls ugha dj ldrs gSA ,sls dqN {ks=
fuEufy[kfr gSa] tgk Computer dk gksuk vfr vko';d gSA
(i) Office
(ii) Bank
 (iii) Medical
(iv) Railway stations
(v) Post office
(vi) Printing & Publication
(vii) Communication etc.

Classification of Computer:-
mn~ns'; ds vk/kkj ij computer dks nks Hkkxksa esa oxhZd`r fd;k x;k gS
(i) Lkk/kkj.k mn~ns'; ds dEI;wVj
(ii) fof'k"B mn~ns'; (Special purpose)
General Purpose of computer:-oSls computer ftlij ge fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks djus
esa l{ke gksrs gSa] lk/kkj.k mn~ns'; ds computer dgykrs gSaA
Special Purpose of computer:-oSls dEI;wVj ftls fdlh fo'ks"k dk;Z dks djus ds
mn~ns'; ls cuk;k x;k gks special purpose of computer dgykrk gSA
Ex.- Railway ticket, Booking Computer, satellite traffic coputer. Etc.

dk;Z i)fr ds vk/kkj ij computer dks pkj Hkkxksa esa cakVk x;k gS, tks
fuEu gSa %&

(i) Micro computer :- bldh dher cgqr de gksrh gSA blesa processing store,
unit,input device, output device yxs gksrs gSaA bldk mi;ksx office rFkk
Domestic use ds fy, gksrk gSA blds rhu eq[; izdkj gSa %&
(a) Desktop computer (PC)
(b) Laptop (Note Book)
(c) Hand held computer (palmtop/Tablat)
(ii) Mini computer :-;g micro computer ls vf/kd processing speed nsrk gSA bl izdkj
ds computer dk mi;ksx ,d lkFk dbZ user dj ldrs gSaA ;g micro computer ls
vf/kd dherh gksrk gSA
(iii) Main frame computer :- blesa mPp rduhfd ds computer parts yxs gksrs gSaA
ftlds dkj.k bldk processing speed mini computer ls Hkh rst gksrk gS rFkk size
esa Hkh ;s Mini computer ls cM+k gksrk gSA
bldk mi;ksx eq[; :Ik ls Research rFkk engineeng research ds fy, gksrk
gSA
(iv) Super computer :- super computer vkt ds le; dk lcls rst rFkk 'kfDr'kkyh compute
gSA ,d super computer ,d gh le; esa ,d ls vf/kd lwpukvksa dks ysdj ,d
lkFk lHkh lwpukvksa dk Result izLrqr djus dh {kerk j[krk gSA
Super computer dk mi;ksx vf/kdrj space investigation, Weather Forcasting etc.
ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Ex-Clamate research, oil and gas expaloration etc.
Hkkjr dk lcls igyk computer param-1000 gSA
Part Of Computer:-
(i) Hardware
(ii) Software
 Hardware :- computer ls tqM+s oSls midj.k ftUgsa ge vius vka[kksa ls
ns[k ikrs gSa rFkk gkFkksa ls Nq ikrs gSa] Hard ware dgykrs gSaA
Hard ware eq[; :Ik ls rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSa %&
(i) Input Device
(ii) Output Device
(iii) CPU (central processing unit)
I. Input Device :- Computer ls connected oSls Deviceftldk mi;ksx ge
computer esa Data/information/instrestion enter djus ds fy, djrs
gSa] input device dgykrk gSA dqN egRoiw.kZ Device
fuEufyf[kr gSa %&
1. Mouse :- ;s ,d cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ Device gksrk gSA ftldh
lgk;rk ls ge computer esa funsZ'k nsrs gSaA blls ge
Computer ds fdlh Item dks Select rFkk Open djrs gSaA
connection ds vk/kkj ij Mouse dks rhu Hkkxksa esa ckaVk
x;k gSA
(a) PS2 Mouse
(b) USB Mouse
(c) Wireless mouse
Mouse esa eq[; :Ik ls rhu Button gksrs gSa%&
(i) Left clik
(ii) Right Click
(iii) Scroll Button
2. Keyboard:- bldh lgk;rk ls ge computer esa Data/Information Enter
djrs gSaA bldh lgk;rk ls ge computer Programme esa Hkh
dqN information ns ldrs gSaA
Gonnective ds vk/kkj ij bls Hkh rhu Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k
gSA
(i) PS2 Keyboard
(ii) USB Keyboard
(iii) Wireless Keyboard
Button ds vk/kkj ij Keyboard dks nks Hkkxksa esa
ckaVk x;k gSA
a) Normal Keyboard
b) Multimedia Keyboard
a) Normal Keyboard:-bl rjg ds keyboard esa 102&105 rd Button gksrs gSaA
Eg.- Alphabet Key- A to Z
Numeric Key- 0 to 9
Functional Keys- F1 to F12
Other functional keys- ctrl, shift, alt, delete, backspace, tab etc.
Arrow keys
Special Character- ~, @, $, %, & etc.
 b) Multimedia keyboard :- blesa Normal keyboard ds key ds lkFk lkFk dqN internate
rFkk Multimedia ls lacaf/kr keys gksrs gSaA
Scanner :- ;g ,d optical device gksrk gSA ftldh lgk;rk ls ge fdlh printed/gLrfyf[kr
document dks computer esa insert dj ldrs gSaA ;g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSaA
(1) Handy Scanner
(2) Flatbad Scanner
Joystick :- bldk mi;ksx eq[; :Ik ls Game [ksyus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA vFkkZr
blls ge Gamming application esa funsZ'k nsrs gSaA
Microphone :- bldk mi;ksx computer esa fdlh Hkh izdkj ds sound dks Mkyus
esa fd;k tkrk gSA
BCR (Bar Code Reader) bldk mi;ksx fdlh Branded Product ds Bar Code dks Read
djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA ftlesa ml product dk uke] Quantity, Price, Serial
Number etc. Nqis gksrs gSaA

45678961461254455555

Output Device
oSls midj.k tks computer ds lkFk connected gksrs gSa rFkk ftldk mi;ksx ge computer
ls Result, information/output izkIr djus ds fy, djrs gSa] output Device dgykrs gSA dqN
egRoiw.kZ output Device fuEufy[kr gSa&
(i) Monitor:- ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ Device gksrk gSA tks ges Text, Picture, Video,
information, Result etc. dks ,d Screen ij izLrqr djrk gSA Monitor rhu izdkj ds
gksrs gSa%&
(a) CRT Monitor (Cathode Ray Tube)
(b) LCD Monitor(Liquid Crisal Display)
(c) LED Monitor(Light Emiffing Diodes)
(ii) Printer :- bldh lgk;rk ls ge vius Result/
fdlh information dks paper ij print dj
ldrs gSaA ;g eq[; :Ik ls pkj izdkj ds gksrs gSaA
(a) Daisy wheel printer (Old Printer)
(b) Dot matrix Printer(Printing Head, Pin(9-14),ink Ribbon)
(c) Laser Printer(Toner, Powder Ink, Heater rode)
(d) Inkjet Printer(Printing Head, Liquid ink(RGB,CMYK)---- Colour Printer
(iii) Sound :- computer }kjk mRiUUk /ofu dks lquus ds fy, ge sound dk
bLrseky djrs gSaA
(iv) Plotter:- ;g Hkh ,d izdkj dk printer gksrk gSA ftldk mi;ksx ge
cM+s&cM+s banner, maps,calendar, hourdings etc. dks Flax ij print djus ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
CPU (Central Process Unit)
;g gekjs computer dk ,d cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ vax gksrk gSA ;g programme
esa fufgr funsZ'kksZ ds vk/kkj ij fn, x, Arithmetical, Logical etc task dks
 process djds solve djrk gS rFkk mls moniter ;k fdlh vU; output device dh
lgk;rk ls gekjs lkeus izLrqr djrk gSA
CPU ds rhu eq[; vax gksrs gSa %&

1. CU (Control Unit)
2. ALU (Arithmetic & Logic Unit)
3. MU (Memory Unit)
MEMORY

PRIMARY MEMORY SECONDARY MEMORY

HARD DISK
RAM FLOPPY DISK
ROM
CD/DVD
PEN DRIVE ETC.

RAM(Random Access Memory)- ;g ,d izdkj dk Volatilepapy memory gksrk gS] ;g

rc rd dk;Z djrk gS tc rd gekjk System on jgrk gS System off gksus ds ckn Ram ds
data dk Loss gksus dh laHkkouk jgrh gSA bls Temporary memory Hkh dgrs
gSaA fdlh Hkh Application/Program dks Open djus ij gekjk Computer RAM Memory
esa txg ysrk gSA
ROM(Read Only Memory)-;g Volatile memory ugha gksrk gSAROM ds Data dks ge
flQZ Read dj ldrs gSaS] bls cny ugha ldrs gSA bl ij Data dh LFkkiuk Computer
Menufacturing Company ds }kjk dh tkrh gSA

COMPUTER MEMORY
(COMPUTER MEMORY dh eki dh bZdkbZ )

1 Bit - 1 Binary Digit/ 1 Character

1 Byte - 8 Bit
1 KB (Kilo Byte) - 1024 Bytes
1 MB (Mega Byte) - 1024 KB
1 GB (Giga Byte) - 1024 MB
1 TB (Tera Byte) - 1024 GB
1 PB (Peta Byte) - 1024 TB
1 EB (Exa Byte) - 1024 PB
1 ZB (Zetta Byte) - 1024 EB
1 YB (Yotta Byte) - 1024 ZB
1 BB (Bronto Byte) - 1024 YB
1 GB (Geop Byte) - 1024 BB
The Gretest unit is Geop Byte
The Smallest unit is Bit
Some Other Part of Computer-
1. Smps (Switch mode power supply)
bldk iz;ksx CPU ds vyx& vyx parts( mother board, Hard,\ disk, Cd Drive etc) esa
power supply ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
2. UPS ( Uninterruted power supply) ;g Device computer ds power supply esa vkus
okyh :dkoV dks lekIr djds mls tkjh j[krh gSA Electronic current dks tkjh
j[kus ds fy, blesa ,d Battery yxh gksrh gS tks DC current dks AC current
esa cnydj gekjs Computer dks Supply djrh gSA
Software
Software funsZkksZ dh ,d ,slh LiV rFkk ec) Ja[kyk gksrh gS tks computer System dks
funsZk nsrk gS D;k djuk gS vkSj fdlh izdkj djuk gSA Software ds fcuk Computer ij dksbZ
Hkh dk;Z ugha dj ldrs gSaA
Software dks ge flQZ ns[k ldrs gSA HkkSfrd :Ik esa Software dks ge Nq ugha ldrs
gSaA software eq[; :Ik ls rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSaA
i) System software/oprating system software
ii) Application software
iii) Programming Software
(i) System Software Computer dh vkarfjd dk;Z iz.kkyh rFkk Hardware Parts dks ;g
fu;af=r djrk gS rFkk] computer ij dke djus ds fy, gesa ,d working platform nsrk
gSA vU; kCnksa esa ge ;g Hkh dg ldrs gSa System Software ,d ,slk Software
gS ftlds fcuk ge Computer ij dksbZ dke ugha dj ldrs rFkk Computer dks pyk Hkh
ugha ldrsA
Ex- Windows 95/98/2000/XP/vista/7/8, Unix, linux, Dos, Macintosh etc. vkt ds le; dk lcls
latest system software windows 10 gSA
(ii) Application Software :- bldh lgk;rk ls ge compute ij vyx&vyx izdkj ds
dk;kZs dks Perform djus esa l{ke gksrs gSaA
Type of work Application
(a) Accounting Tally
(b) Photo Editing Photoshop
(c) Designing Corel Draw
(d) Learn Typing Typing Tutor, JR Typing
(e) Word Processing Ms Word
(f) Spreadsheet work Ms Excel

(iii) Programming Software - ;g ,d ,slk software gksrk gS ftldh lgk;rk ls ge fdlh

nwljs application dks Develop dj ldrs gSaA
Ex- C,C++, Cobol, Java script, Dbase, Visual basic etc.
COMPUTER

HARDWARE SOFTWARE

SYSTEM SOFTWARE APPLICATION PROGRAMING

INPUT OUTPUT CPU SOFTWARE SOFTWARE
Mouse Monitor
Keyboard Printer
CU ALU MU
Scanner Plotter
Joystick Sound
Microphone Etc. PRIAMARY MEMORY SECONDARY MEMORY
Etc.
Hard Disk
RAM ROM CD/DVD
Pen Drive
Floppy Disk
Etc.

How To Switch on and Switch off the computer

Switch on Process-
a. lcls igys ;g ns[ksaxs fd Computer ls tqM+s gq, lkjs Devices O;ofLFkr :Ik ls Computer
ls tqM+s gq, gSaA
b. fQj Main Power ds Board esa UPS dk Plug insert djasaxs mlds ckn CPU rFkk Monitor
ds Power Cable dks UPS esa insert djds Main Power dks Switch on djsaxsA
c. mlds ckn UPS ds Power Button dks Press djsaxsA
d. mlds ckn CPU ds Power Button dks Press djsaxsA
e. mlds ckn Monitor ds Power Button dks Press djsaxsA

Switch off Process-

a. Click on Start Button Shutdown(Right side)
Or,
a. From Keyboard Press Alt + F4 Select Shutdown OK

Some Inportant Option Related to the Computer-

SHUT DOWN-bl Option dh lgk;rk ls Computer dks Safely close fd;k tkrk gSA
Shortcut key- ALT + F4
LOG OFF-bl Command dh lgk;rk ls fdlh Computer user ds Profile dks can fd;k tkrk
gSA
RESTART-bl Command dh lgk;rk ls Computer dks can djds nksckjk Start fd;k tkrk
gSA
LOCK- bl Command dh lgk;rk ls Computer ds Current user profil dks Lock fd;k tkrk
gSA
Shortcut Windows( )+L

WINDOWS

;g vHkh ds le; dk lcls yksdh; operating system software gS tks yxHkx vkt ds le; esa
lHkh computer esa Myk gksrk gSA blds Mkyus ds ckn gha ge computer ij dksbZ dke
dj ikrs gSa ;k Computer dks pkyw dj ikrs gSaA
 ftl Computer esa Windows System software Myk gqvk gks ml computer dks pkyw
djus ds ckn gekjs lkeus tks Screen Lrqr gksrh gS oks fuEu gS &

Desktop Gadgets
My
Computer

Recycle Bin

Desltop
Wallpaper or
Background

Folders

Files
Desltop
Screen

Start Opened Taskbar Clock

Menu Applications

DESKTOP-computer ds Start gksus ds ckn tks lcls igyh Screen gekjs lkeus vkrh
gS mls gh Desktop dgrs gSaA
TASKBAR- ;g Desktop screen ds lcls uhps fgLls esa ,d pkSaM+h lh iV~Vh ij
Appear gksrk gSA Taskbar ds ck;ha vksj Start button vkSj lcls nk;ha vksj Clock
display gksrk gSA bl ij Open jgus okys Application File etc dk Hkh Icon fn[kkbZ
iM+rk gSA
DESKTOP ICON- ;g ,d NksVk lk Picture gksrk gS tks fdlh Particulars Application
/Program dks Represent djrk gSA
FILE- ;g ,d File Information rFkk Data dk leqg gksrk gSA
FOLDER-;g ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd Files/Folder dks Store djds j[krk gSA
SUB FOLDER-fdlh Folder ds vanj cuk,s x,s Folder dks Sub folder dgrs gSaA
START MENU/ START BUTTON- Task bar ds left side esa ;g ,d Button ds :Ik esa Appear
jgrk gS ftls ge Start menu/ Start button ds uke ls tkurs gSa] bldh lgk;rk ls ge
 vius Computer ij fdlh Programme application etc dks Open dj ldrs gSaA blh Button ls
izk;% fdlh dke dh 'kq:vkr dh tkrh gSA
MOUSE POINTER- ;g Desktop screen ij Show gksus okyk ,d Arrow sign gksrk gSA
ftldh lgk;rk ls ge fdlh File, Folder, Programme etc dks Select and open dj ldrs gSaA

Windows Explorer
bldh lgk;rk ls ge Computer ij cus fdlh File dks Search dj ldrs gSa A bldh lgk;rk ls fdlh
file dks move,cut,copy,Rename etc Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA blls ge computer ls fdlh particulars
Drive esa fdlh file or folder dks create dj ldrs gSaA
Step to open
Type I
Click on start buttonAll programmeAccessoriesWindows Explore
Type-II
Press Windows+R(A Run Dialog Box will come up) Type explorer in Run dialog boxPress
Enter or click on OK button.
Note- Windows explorer esa fd;s tkus okys yxHkx lkjs dke dks ge My computer open dj
ds Hkh ldrs gSaA

My computer open djus ds step -

1 Desktop ij cus My computer Icon ls
2 Start Button Then select computer
3 From Keyboard Press (windows+E)

DRIVES(C:, D:, E: etc.)- Computer ds Hard Disk ds Space dks tc ge vius vko;drkuqlkj vyx
vyx Part esa vyx vyx Space ns dj tc ge Formatting ds le; Partition djrs gSa mlh ds
ckn gekjs lkeus C:, D:, E: etc fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSaA blesa ls C Drive(C) Windows dk
Drive gksrk gSA blesa Computer esa Mkys x;s lHkh Application Store jgrs gSa rFkk
Computer esa Mkyk x;k Windows System Software Hkh blh Drive esa store jgrk gSA bl
Drive esa Windows dk Sigh( ) fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA
CREATING FOLDER- Folder cukus ds fy, lcls igys My computer ;k fQj Windows Explorer
dks Open djrs gSa mlds ckn ,d Location(Drive) choose djrs gS] mlds ckn Mouse dk
Right button ij Click djrs gS] fQj New dks Select djus ds ckn Create folder ij Click djrs
gS
FILE OR FOLDER dks DELETE djuk &File or folder dks Delete djus ds fy, lcls igys Select
djrs gSa vkSj fQj ml ij Right Click djrs gSa vkSj mlds ckn Delete option dks Select
djrs gSa] vkSj fQj Yes button ij Click djrs gSaA
FILE OR FOLDER dks CUT, COPY OR PASTE djuk&File or folder dks Select djds ml ij Right
Click djrs gSa vkSj fQj Cut, Copy or Paste option dks pqurs gSaA
Cut - Ctrl + X
Copy - Ctrl + C
Paste - Ctrl + V
 CREATING SHORTCUT- bl option dh lgk;rk ls fdlh File or Folder dk ,d Link same location
esa rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS] ftls Open djus ds ckn gekjk Main file open gks tkrk gSaA
File or Folder dks Select djrs gSa
ml ij Right click djrs gSa
vkSj fQj Create shortcut option dks pqurs gSA
CREATING DESKTOP SHORTCUT-bl option dh lgk;rk ls fdlh File or folder dks Computer
ds desktop ij Place fd;k tkrk gSA
File or Folder dks Select djrs gSa
ml ij Right click djrs gSa
vkSj fQj Send option dks pqurs gS
vkSj var esa Desktop create shortcut option ij Click djrs gSa
CREATING A FILE- Windows Explorer or My Computer dks Open djds rFkk fdlh ,d Drive
dks pqudj ge ,d u;k File Hkh Create dj ldrs gSaA tSls& Microsoft Access Database, Bitmap
Image(MSPaint), Microsoft Word Document, Text Document, Microsoft Excel Worksheet etc.

uksV & windows 7 ;k blds ckn ds verson esa Address Bar ds Bhd uhps New
folder ij click djds Hkh ge ,d u;k Folder cuk ldrs gSaA
Recycle bin
;g gekjs Computer esa ,d ,slk LFkku gksrk gS] tgka delete fd;s x, File, Folder,
Application etc store jgrs gSaA vU; 'kCnksa esa vki bls computer dk Dustbin Hkh
dg ldrs gSaA blds fuEufyf[kr Options gksrs gSa&
EMPTY THE RECYCLEBIN- bl option dh lgk;rk ls Recyclebin ds lHkh File or Folder dks
Permanently delete fd;k tkrk gSA
RESTORE -bl Option dh lgk;rk ls Recyclebin ls data dks Restore fd;k tkrk gSA vFkkZr
blls Deleted Item nqckjk mlh location ij Store gks tkrk gS tgk ls geus mls Delete fd;k
FkkA blds fy, fuEu Step Follow djrs gSa&
File or Folder dks Select djrs gSa
ml ij Right click djrs gSa
vkSj fQj Restore option dks pqurs gS

MS-PAINT
;g ,d Microsoft windows dk gh ,d Application Software gksrk gSA bldh lgk;rk ls ge vius
Computer ij Simple Drawing dk dk;Z dj ldrs gSA ftlesa ge vko';drk vuqlkj Colour Hkh
Mky ldrs gS vkSj Text dks Hkh fy[k ldrs gSA bldk Extension code .png gksrk gSA
HOW TO START MS-PAINT
Click on start button
Click on All Programs
Choose Accessories
Click on MS Paint
IInd Method
Press windows key + R (A Run Dialog Box appear)
Type Mspaint/pbrush in the run dialog box
 Then Click on ok button or press inter key

IIIrd Method
Press windows key
Type Mspaint/pbrush
Then Press Enter

TITTLE BAR- ;g ms-paint Windows ds lcls mij fn[kkbZ iM+us okyk iV~Vh gksrk
gSA ftlesa document & application dk uke fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA blds vykos blesa
windows operating button rFkk quick acess toolbar Hkh fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA
WINDOWS OPERATING BUTTONS-
o MINIMIZE BUTTON- ;g Tittle bar esa gh Bhd mlds nkfgus vksj fn[kkbZ
iM+rk gSA bl ij click djus ds ckn gekjk mspaint windows minimize gksdj
Task bar esa fleV tkrk gSA
o MAXIMIZE BUTTON- bl option ij click djus ij paint window full screen esa
fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
o RESTORE BUTTON- bl option ij click dj ge paint windows dks vko';drk vuqlkj size
esa yk ldrs gSa ;k Maximize djus ls igys ftl size esa pkgsa ml size esa dj
ldrs gSaA
uksV %& Maximize Button/Minimize Button dHkh Hkh ,d lkFk fn[kkbZ
ugha iM+rk gSA
o CLOSE BUTTON- blij click djus ds ckn Mspaint window close gks tkrk gSA
 Tab :-Windows 7 ls igys ds igys ds verson esa Tital Bar ds Bhd uhps menu
Bar gksrs FksA ftlesa file, edit, Image, View, colour, Help option miyC/k jgrs
FksA ftlij click djus ds ckn ,d drop down list appear gksrh FkhA ysfdu
windows 7 ls menu Bar ds Items dks Tab dgk tkus yxkA blij click djus ds ckn
blds Bhd uhps bldk Ribbon fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA

Ribbon :- ;g Tab ds Bhd uhps,d pkSM+s iV~Vh esa fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA
ftlij Selected Tab ls lacaf/kr yxHkx lHkh Tool mifLFkr jgrs gSaA
Group :- Ribbon ds izR;sd Items dks User ds lqfo/kk ds fy, lacaf/kr
Group/Caregory esa j[kk tkrk gSA

Mspaint Button
NEW (Ctrl + N)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge ,d New page create djrs gSA

OPEN (Ctrl + O)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius File dks Open djrs gSA
SAVE (Ctrl + S)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius File dks Save djrs gSA
SAVE AS (F12)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius File dk ,d Duplicate copy rS;kj djrs gS]
ftls fdlh vkSj uke ,oa fdlh vU; Location ij Save dj ldrs gSaA

PRINT (Ctrl+P)- bl Option dk Use ge vius Current document dks Print djus ds fy, djrs
gSaA

From Scanner or Camera Computer ls tqM+s gq;s camera/Scanner ls fdlh Image dks
Mspaint application esa ykus ds fy, bldk mi;ksx djrs gSaA

Send in a e-mail bldh lgk;rk ls ge vius current Drawing dks e-mail ds tfj;s fdlh nwljs
user dks Hkst ldrs gSaA

Set as Desktop Background :- blls ge vius current drawing dks desktop background ds :Ik
esa set dj ldrs gSaA

Properties (Ctrl+E) :- blij click djds mspaint picture ds properties (Height, width, colour & unit
change dj ldrs gSaA

About paint :- bl ij click djds name mspaint, application ls lacaf/kr tkudkjh izkIr djrs
gSaA
Exit (Alt+F4) :- bl ij click djus ds ckn ge mspaint windows ls ckgj vk tkrs gSaA

Home Tab

Clipboard Group:- bl Group ds vUrxZr Drawing dks cut, copy rFkk paste djus ls lacaf/kr
command miyC/k gSaA
Image Group :- bl Group esa fuEufyf[kr option gksrs gSa &
1 Select :- blls Drawing ds fdlh area dks select djrs gSaA
2 Crop :- blls Drawing ds selected Hkkx dks j[kk tkrk gSA ckadh Hkkx cut tkrk
gSA
3 Resize :- blls current drawing ds size dks vko';drkuqlkj adjusts dj ldrs gSaA
4 Rotate :- blls selected image dks vko';drkuqlkj Rotate dj ldrs gSaA
5 Flip :- blls selected Image dks Horizontaliy/Vertically iyVrs gSaA
Tools Group :- bl Group esa fuEufyf[kr option gksrs gSa &
1 Pencil tool :- blls free Hand Drawing rS;kj djrs gSaA
2 Fill with colour :- blls Drawing esa colour Fill djrs gSaA
3 Text Tool :- Drawing ij fdlh Text dks fy[kus ds fy, bldk mi;ksx djrs gSaA
4 Eraser :- blls Drawing ds fdlh Hkkx dks Erase djrs gSaA
5 Colour picker Tool :- blls Drawing ds fdlh particular colour dks fore Ground colour
ds :Ik esa save dj ldrs gSaA
6 Magnifier :- blls ge vius Drawing dks cM+k djds ns[k ldrs gSaA

Brushes Group :-vyx&vyx izdkj ds Brush effect ds lkFk free hand drawing ds fy, bldk
mi;ksx djrs gSaA
Shapes Group :- bl Group ds vUrxZr vyx&vyx izdkj ds Shape Draw djus ls lacaf/kr
command miyC/k gSaA
Note Use Press Shift Button While using line, obel, Rectangle,
Rounded, Rectangle Tools etc.
Outline :- blls Draw fd;s tkus okys shape dk outline define gksrk gSA
Fill :- blls Draw fd;s tkus okys shape ds fill colour dk Deffect change djrs
gSaA

Size Group :-blls shape ds outline ds eksVkbZ dks vko';drkuqlkj c<krs gSa ;k
?kVkrs gSaA
Colour Group :- bl Group ds vUrxZr fuEufyf[kr option gksrs gSa &
1 colour-1 :- blls ge vius drawing dk fore Ground colour change djrs gSaA
2 Colour-2 :- blls Drawing dk Background colour change gksrk gSA
3 Edits Colour :- blij click djds ge vius vko';drkuqlkj ,sls colour dks colour palate
esa add dj ldrs gSa] tks colour plate esa miyC/k ugha gksrk gSA
 View Tab

aaa zoom In :- blls drawing cM+k gksdj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSSA

aab Zoom out :- blls drawing dks NksVk djds ns[krs gSaA
aac 100% :- blls ge vius Drawing dks 100% Zoom djds ns[krs gSaA

Show or hide Group :- bl Group ds vUrxZr Rular, grid line rFkk statusbar dks show
RkFkk hide djus ls lacaf/kr command miyC/k gSaA
Display Group :- bl group ds vUrxZr fuEu option gksrs gSa
a Full Screen :- bl ij click djus ls gekjk drawing full screen ij fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA
Note :- ESC Button press djus ls full screen mode can gks tkrk gSA

NOTEPAD
;g Hkh ,d Text Editor Application gksrk gSA ftldk mi;ksx ge Simple text document
create djus ds fy, djrs gSaA bldk mi;ksx Prorgramming language dks fy[kus ds
fy, Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA Notepad dk file extension txt gksrk gSA ge vko';drkuqlkj
change Hkh dj ldrs gSaA blesa Formating rFkk editing ds fy, wordpad ls cgqr de option
miyC/k gksrs gSaA
uksV & blesa dksbZ Hkh formatting djus ij iwjs document ij apply gks tkrk gSA
HOW TO START NOTE PAD
Ist Method
Click on start buttonAll programmeAccessoriesClick on notepad
IInd Method
Press windows key + R(A Run Dialog box will come up)
Type notepad in run dialog box.
Click on ok button or press Enter key.
Title Bar - ;g Notepad window screen ds lcls ijh fgLls eas ,d pkSM+h iV~Vh esa
Appear jgrk gSA
Menu Bar- ;g Title bar ds Bhd uhps fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA blds fuEufyf[kr Options gksrs
gSa&
A) File Menu
NEW (Ctrl + N)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge ,d New page create djrs gSA
OPEN (Ctrl + O)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius File dks OPEN djrs gSA

SAVE (Ctrl + S)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius File dks Save djrs gSA
SAVE AS (F12)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius File dk ,d Duplicate copy rS;kj djrs
gS] ftls fdlh vkSj uke ,oa fdlh vU; Location ij Save dj ldrs gSaA
PAGE SETUP- bl Option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius Document dk Paper size,
Orientation, Margin dks set dj ldrs gSA
PRINT (Ctrl+P)- bl Option dk Use ge vius Current document dks Print djus ds fy,
djrs gSaA
Exit blij click djus ij gekjk Notepad Window Close gks tkrk gSA
B) Edit Menu
UNDO (Ctrl+Z)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius Notepad document esa fd;s x;s
Formatting or Editing ds fiNys step ij tkrs gSaA
CUT (Ctrl+X)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius Selected data dks Cut dj ldrs gSaA
COPY (Ctrl+C)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius Selected data dks Copy dj ldrs gSaA
PASTE (Ctrl+V)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius cut or copy data dks paste dj ldrs
gSaA
Delete (Delete)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius Selected Data dks Delete dj ldrs gSaA
FIND (Ctrl+F)- bl Option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius Page esa fdlh Particular word dks
<wa< ldrs gSaA
FIND Next(F3)- bl Option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius Page esa fdlh Particular word dks vxyh
txg <wa<rs gSaA
Replace (Ctrl+H)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius Page esa fdlh Hkh Word dks Find
dj mls Replace Hkh dj ldrs gSA
Go To :- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius Notepad Page ij fdlh Particular Line ij tk ldrs
gSaA
Select All(Ctrl+A)- :- blls Notepad ds lHkh Text ,d ckj esa iwjk select gks tkrs gSaA
 Time/ Date (F5) :- blls Notepad document ij ge computer dk current Date and Time Insert
djrs gSaA

C) Formate Menu

Word Wrap :- blls Notepad ds Typing Behaviour dks Change fd;k tkrk gSA
Font :- blls Notepad ds lHkh Text dk Font Style Change djrs gSaA

D) View Menu

Status Bar :- blls Notepad esa fn[kus okys Status Bar dks Show ;k Hide djrs gSaA

E) Help Menu

Veiw Help :- blls ge Notepad ds Work related topic dks i<+ ldrs gSaA
About Notepad:- blls ge Notepad Application ls lacaf/kr Information ns[k ldrs
gSaaA

WORDPAD
;g Hkh Microsoft window dk gh ,d Application gksrk gSA ;g ,d Text Editor Software gksrk
gSA bldk mi;ksx ge Simple text document create djus ds fy, djrs
gSaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaA bldk Extension Code .RTF (Rich Text Format) gksrk gSA
HOW TO START WORDPAD
Click on start button
Click on all programme
Choose accessories
Click on Wordpad
IInd Method
Press windows key + R
Type wordpad
Click on ok button or press enter key.
 TITTLE BAR-;g workpad Windows ds lcls mij fn[kkbZ iM+us okyk iV~Vh gksrk
gSA blesa document dk uke fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA
MINIMIZE BUTTON- ;g Tittle bar esa gh Bhd mlds nkfgus vksj fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA
bldh lgk;rk ls ge application window dks minimize djrs gSA mlds ckn gekjk
Application Task bar esa fleV tkrk gSA
MAXIMIZE BUTTON- bl Button dh lgk;rk ls ge Application window dks full screen dj
ldrs gSaA
CLOSE BUTTON- bl Button dh lgk;rk ls ge Application window dks Close djrs gSaA

NEW (Ctrl + N)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge ,d New page create djrs gSA
Click on File button
Click on new option
Click on create button
OPEN (Ctrl + O)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius File dks OPEN djrs gSA
Click on File button
Click on open option than a dialog box will be appear on the screen
Type file name or Select the file
Click on Open button

SAVE (Ctrl + S)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius File dks Save djrs gSA
Click on File button
Click on save option than a dialog box will be appear on the screen
Type file name
 Click on save button
SAVE AS (F12)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius File dk ,d Duplicate copy rS;kj djrs
gS] ftls fdlh vkSj uke ,oa fdlh vU; Location ij Save dj ldrs gSaA
Click on File button
Click on save option than a dialog box will be appear on the screen
Type file name
Click on save button

PRINT (Ctrl+P)- bl Option dk Use ge vius Current document dks Print djus ds fy,
djrs gSaA
Click on File button
Click on print option than a dialog box will be appear on the screen
Select the printer
Click on print button

PAGE SETUP- bl Option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius Document dk Paper size,

Orientation, Margin dks set dj ldrs gSA
Click on File button
Click on page setup
Send In E- Mail bldh lgk;rk ls ge vius Current Document dks fdlh nwljs dks E-mail dh
lgk;rk ls Hkst ldrs gSaA
About Wordpad- bl ij click djus ds ckn ge Wordpad Application lacaf/kr tkudkjh kIr dj
ldrs gSaA
Exit blls gekjs Wordpad Document Close gks tkrk gSA
Home Tab

Clipboard Group :- blds fuEufyf[kr option gSa %&

a) CUT (Ctrl+X)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius Selected data dks Cut dj
ldrs gSaA
b) COPY (Ctrl+C)-bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius Selected data dks Copy dj ldrs
gSaA
c) PASTE (Ctrl+V)-bl option dh lgk;rk ls ge vius cut or copy fd;s x;s data
dks paste dj ldrs gSaA
uksV & blls selected text dks gh cut ;k copy djrs gSaA
Font Group : blds fuEufyf[kr option gSa :-
a)Front Family :- blls selected taxt dk font style change djrs gSaA
b) Font Size :- blls Front Size dks vko';drkuqlkj c<+krs ;k ?kVkrs gSaA
c) Grow Font :- blls Front Size Increage gksrk gSA
 d) Shrink Font :- blls Front size Derease gksrk gSA
e) Bold, Italin, Underline :- blls selected text dks Fkksjk eksVk] frjNk rFkk mlds
uhps ,d Inderline nsrs gSaA
f) Stricethrough :- blls selected text dks chpksa&chp ,d lh/kh js[kk esa dkVrs
gSaA
g) Subcript, Supercript :- blls fdlh text dks fdlh nwljs text ds baseline/uperline
esa fy[krs gSaA
Ex-x2, x2
h) High Ligth colour :- blls +selected taxt ds ihNs colour Fill fd;k tkrk gSA
i) Text colour :- blls selected taxt dk colour chang fd;k tkrk gSA
Paragraph Group

a) Increase/ Decrease Indent :- blls selected taxt ;k Paragraph dk pkSM+kbZ

vius vko';drkuqlkj c<krs ;k ?kVkrs gSaA
b) start a List :- blls selected Item or Paragraph dks alphabetic numeric or
symbole list create dj ldrs gSaA
c) Line spacing :- blls selected paragraph ds line ds chp ds space dks de ;k
T;knk fd;k tkrk gSA
d) ALIGNMENT OF TEXT :-
(i ) Left (Ctrl+L)- bldhlgk;rk ls ge Selected text dks nk;ha vksj ls
ck;ha vksj dh rjQ dj ldrs gSaA
(ii) RIGHT (Ctrl+R)- bldh lgk;rk ls ge Selected text dks ck;ha vksj ls
nk;ha vksj dh rjQ dj ldrs gSaA

(iii) CENTER (Ctrl+E)- bldh lgk;rk ls ge Selected text dks Page ds chp
esa dj ldrs gSaA
(iv) JUSTIFY (Ctrl+J)- bldh lgk;rk ls ge Selected text ds Line dks ,d
cjkcj esa Set dj ldrs gSaA
e) Paragraph : - bldh lgk;rk ls ge fdlh paragraph ds Indent, line space,
Aligement dks menually change djrs gSaA
Tab :- blls keyboard ds tab Button dk position set fd;k tkrk gSA

Insert Group
(i) Picture :- blls fdlh picture dks insert djrs gSaA
(ii) Paint Drawings :- blls Ms Paint esa fdlh Drawing dks cukdj insert
djrs gSaA
 (iii) Date And Time :- Computer ds current Date and Time dks insert djus ds
fy, bldk mi;ksx djrs gSaA
(iv) Insert object :- blls fdlh nwljs application dks object ds :Ik esa
insert fd;k tkrk gSA (paintbrush picture)
Editing Group
(i) Find (Crtl+F) :- blls fdlh particulars text dks Document esa <qa<rs
gSaA
(ii) Replace (ctrl+H) :-blls fdlh word dks fdlh nwljs word ds lkFk
Change djrs gSaA
(iii) Select All :- blls wordpad Document esa jgus okys lHkh contain dks
iwjk dk iwjk select fd;k tkrk gSA
View Tab
Zoom Group :-
(i) Zoom In :-
(ii) Zoom Out :-
(iii) 100 %

Show/Hide Group :- blesa Rular rFkk Status Bar dks Show rFkk Hide djus ls
lacaf/kr command miyC/k jgrs gSaA
Setting Group :-
(I) Word Warp :- blij click djds fy[ks tkus okys Text dk wraping Behavior
change djrs gSaA
blds rhu option gksrs gSa &
((a) NO Wrap
(B) Warp to Window
(c) Warp in Rular

(II)Measurement unit :- blls ge vius Rular ds fy, measurent unit pqurs gSaA

Calculator :-
bldk mi;ksx Computer ij ge Numeric Calculation, Date Calculation, Scientific Calculation, Unit
Conversion etc. ds fy, djrs gSaA
Step to open
Type-I
Click on start button > All Programme > Accessories > Calculator
Type-II
Press (Windows+R) > Type calc
 Windows Media Player

;g Hkh Windows dk gh ,d application gksrk gSA ftldh lgk;rk ls ge vius Computer

ds fdlh Audio /Video file dks open dj ldrs gSaA
Step to open
Type I
Click on start button >All Programme>Windows Media Player
Type II
Press (Windows+R)>type wmplayer

Windows Media player fuEufyf[kr File Formate dks play djrk gSA
Video File - MP4, 3GP, MPEGP, AVI, Dat etc.
Audio File- MP3,WAV,AMR bR;kfn
Windows Explorer:-
bldh lgk;rk ls ge Computer ij cus fdlh File dks Search dj ldrs gSa A bldh
lgk;rk ls fdlh file dks move,cut,copy,Rename etc Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA blls ge computer
ls fdlh particulars Drive esa fdlh file or folder dks create dj ldrs gSaA