Ans: Baseband signal Ans: reflected radio signals

Chapter 1: Introduction to Elec Comm

11. The process of modifying a high 20. A frequency of 27MHz has a wavelength
1. Communication is the process of frequency carrier with the information to of approximately
Ans: exchanging information be transmitted is called Ans: 11m
Ans: modulation
2. Two key barriers to human 21. Radio signals are made up of
communication are 12. The process of transmitting two or more Ans: Electric and magnetic fields
Ans: distance and language information signals simultaneously over
the same channel is called 22. The voice frequency range is
3. Electronic communications was Ans: Multiplexing Ans: 300 to 3000 Hz
discovered in which century?
Ans: 19th 13. Continuous voice or video signals are 23. Another name for signals in the HF
referred to as being range is
4. Which of the following is not a major Ans: Baseband Ans: shortwaves
communications medium?
Ans: Water 14. Recovering information from a carrier is 24. Television broadcasting occurs in which
known as ranges?
5. Random interference to transmitted Ans: Detection Ans: VHF
signals is called
Ans: noise 15. Transmission of graphical information 25. Electromagnetic waves produced
over the telephone network is primarily by heat are called
6. The communications medium causes the accomplished by Ans: infrared rays
signal to be Ans: facsimile
Ans: attenuated 26. A micron is
16. Measuring physical conditions at some Ans: One-millionth of a meter
7. Which of the following is not a source of remote location and transmitting this
noise? data for analysis is the process of 27. The frequency range of infrared rays is
Ans: Another communications signal Ans: Telemetry approximately
Ans: 0.7 to 100m
8. One-way communications is called 17. Receiving electromagnetic emissions
Ans: simplex from stars is called 28. The approximately wavelength of red
Ans: Radio-astronomy light is
9. Simultaneous two-way communications is Ans: 7000
called 18. A personal communications hobby for
Ans: Full duplex individuals is 29. Which of the following is not used for
Ans: ham radio communications
10. The original electrical information signal Ans: X-rays
to be transmitted is called the 19. Radar is based upon
2008 Created by Kai Raimi BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 1
30. A signal occupies the spectrum space
from 1.115 to 1.122 GHz. The
bandwidth is
Ans: 7 MHz
31. In the united states, the electromagnetic
spectrum is regulated and managed by
Ans: FCC
32. For a given bandwidth signal, more
channel space is available for signals in
the range of
Ans: EHF
Chapter 2: AM and SSB Modulation
1. Having an information signal change
some characteristic of a carrier signal is
called
Ans: modulation
2. Which of the following is not true about
AM?
Ans: The carrier frequency changes
3. The opposite of modulation is
Ans: Demodulation
4. The circuit used to produced modulation
is called a
Ans: demodulator
5. A modulator circuit performs what
mathematical operation on its two
inputs?
Ans: Multiplication
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6. The ratio of the peak modulating signal 15. Most of the power in an AM signal is the
voltage to the peak carrier voltage is Ans: Carrier
referred to as
Ans: the modulation index 16. An AM signal has a carrier power of 5
W. The percentage of modulation is 80
7. If m is greater than 1, what happens? percent. The total sideband power is
Ans: information signal is distorted Ans: 1.6 W
8. For ideal AM, which of the following is 17. For 100 percent modulation, what
true? percentage of power is in each
Ans: m = 1 sideband?
Ans: 25 percent
9. The outline of the peaks of a carrier has
the shape of the modulating signal and 18. An AM transmitter has a percentage of
is called the modulation of 88. The carrier power is
Ans: envelop 440 W. The power in one sideband is
Ans: 85 W
10. Overmodulation occurs when
Ans: Vm > Vc 19. An AM transmiiter antenna current is
measured with no modulation and found
11. The values of Vmax and Vmin as read to be 2.6 A. With modulation, the current
from an AM wave on an oscilloscope rises to 2.9 A. The percentage of
are 2.8 and 0.3. The percentage of modulation is
modulation is Ans: 70 percent
Ans: 80.6 %
20. What is the carrier power in the problem
12. The new signals produced by above if the antenna resistance is 75
modulation are called ohms?
Ans: sidebands Ans: 507 W
13. A carrier of 880 kHz is modulated by a 21. In an AM signal, the transmitted
3.5 kHz sine wave. The LSB and USB information is contained within the
are, respectively, Ans: sidebands
Ans: 876.5 and 883.5 kHz
22. An AM signal without the carrier is
14. A display of signal amplitude versus called a(n)
frequency is called the Ans: DSB
Ans: frequency domain
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 2
23. What is the minimum AM signal needed
to transmit information?
Ans: One sideband
24. The main advantage of SSB over
standard AM or DSB is
Ans: Less spectrum space is used
25. In SSB, which sideband is the best to
use?
Ans: neither upper or lower
26. The typical audio modulating frequency
range used in radio and telephone
communications is
Ans: 300 Hz to 3 kHz
27. An AM signal with a maximum
modulating signal frequency of 4.5 kHz
has a total bandwidth of
Ans: 9 kHz
28. Distortion of the modulating signal
produces harmonics which cause an
increase in the signal
Ans: bandwidth
29. The process of translating a signal, with
or without modulation, to a higher or
lower frequency for processing is called
Ans: frequency conversion
30. Frequency translation is carried out by a
circuit called a
Ans: converter
31. An input signal of 1.8 MHz is mixed with
a local oscillation of 5 MHz. A filter
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selects the difference signal. The output
is 2. In a diode modulator, the negative half
Ans: 3.2 MHz of the AM wave is supplied by a(n)
Ans: Tuned circuit
32. The output of an SSB transmitter with a
3.85 MHz carrier and a 1.5 kHz sine 3. Amplitude modulation can be produced
wave modulating tone is by
Ans: 3.85, 3.8485, and 3.8515 MHz Ans: Having the carrier vary a resistance
33. An SSB transmitter produces a 400 V 4. Amplitude modulators that vary the
peak-to-peak signal across a 52 ohms carrier amplitude with the modulating
antenna load. The PEP output is signal by passing it through an
Ans: 384.5 W attenuator work on the principle of
Ans: Variable resistance
Solution:
400V 5. In Fig. 3-4, D1 is a
Ans: Variable resistor
PEP = 2 2 = 384.5W
52
6. The component used to produce AM at
34. The output power of an SSB transmitter very high frequencies is a
is usually expressed in terms of Ans: Varactor
Ans: Peak envelope power
7. Amplitude modulation generated at a
35. An SSB transmitter has a PEP rating of very low voltage or power amplitude is
1 kW. The average output power is in known as
the range of Ans: Low-level modulation
Ans: 250 to 333 W
8. A collector modulator has a supply
Solution: voltage of 48 V. The peak-to-peak
amplitude of the modulating signal for
PEP
Vavg1 = = 333W , 100 percent modulation is
3 Ans: 96 V
PEP
Vavg2 = = 250W Solution:
4
Vmp-p = 2Vc . m = 96 V
Chapter 3: AM Circuits
9. A collector modulated transmitter has a
1. Amplitude modulation is the same as
supply voltage of 24 V and a collector
Ans: Analog multiplication
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 3
 current of 0.5 A. The modulator power
for 100 percent modulation is
Ans: 12 W
Solution:
P = VI = 24 x 0.5 = 12 W
10. The circuit that recovers the original
modulating information from an AM
signal is known as a
Ans: demodulator
11. The most commonly used amplitude
demodulator is the
Ans: Envelope detector
12. A circuit that generates the upper and
lower sidebands but no carrier is called
a(a)
Ans: Balanced modulator
13. The inputs to a balanced modulator are
1 MHz and a carrier of 1.5 MHz. The
outputs are
Ans: 500 kHz and 2.5 MHz
14. A widely used balanced modulator is
called the
Ans: lattice modulator
15. In a diode ring modulator, the diodes act
like
Ans: switches
16. The output of a balanced modulator is
Ans: DSB
17. The principal circuit in the popular
1496/1596 IC balanced modulator is a
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Ans: Differential amplifier 24. Frequency translation is done with a
circuit called a
18. The most commonly used filter in SSB Ans: mixer
generator uses
Ans: RC networks and op-amps 25. The inputs to a mixer are fo and fm. In
down conversion, which of the following
19. The equivalent circuit of a quartz crystal mixer output signals is selected
is a Ans: fo - fm
Ans: Series resonant circuit and parallel
resonant circuit 26. Mixing for frequency conversion is the
same as
20. A crystal lattice filter has crystal Ans: Liner summing
frequencies of 27.5 and 27.502 MHz.
The bandwidth is approximately 27. Which of the following can be used as a
Ans: 2 kHz mixer
Ans: Balanced modulator, FET and
Solution: Diode modulator
BW = f2 f1 = 27.502MHz27.5MHz = 2 kHz
28. The desired output from a mixer is
21. An SSB generator has a sideband filter usually selected with a
centered at 3.0 MHz. The modulating Ans: Crystal filter
signal is 3 kHz. To produce both upper
and lower sidebands, the following 29. The two main inputs to a mixer are the
carrier frequencies must be produced: signal to be translated and a signal from
Ans: 2997 and 3003 kHz a(n)
Ans: Local oscillator
Solution:
LSB = 3.0 MHz 3 kHz = 2997 kHz 30. An NE602 mixer IC has a difference
USB = 3.0 MHz + 3 kHz = 3003 kHz output of 10.7 MHz. The input is 146.8
22. In the phasing method of SSB MHz. The local oscillator frequency is
generation, one sideband is canceled Ans: 157.5 MHz
out due to
Ans: phase shift Solution:
fo = 146.8 MHz + 10.7 MHz
23. A balanced modulator used to
demodulate a SSB signal is called a(n)
Ans: converter Chapter 4: FM
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 4
1. The amount of frequency deviation from
the carrier center frequency in an FM
transmitter is proportional to what
characteristic of the modulating signal?
Ans: Amplitude
2. Both FM and PM are types of kind of
modulation?
Ans: Angle
3. If the amplitude of the modulating signal
decreases, the carrier deviation
Ans: decreases
4. On an FM signal, maximum deviation
occurs at what point on the modulating
signal?
Ans: Both positive and negative peak
amplitude
5. In PM, a frequency shift occurs while
what characteristic of the modulating
signal is changing?
Ans: Amplitude
6. Maximum frequency deviation of a PM
signal occurs at
Ans: Zero crossing points
7. In PM, carrier frequency deviation is not
proportional to:
Ans: Carrier amplitude and frequency
8. To compensate for increases in carrier
frequency deviation with an increase in
modulating signal frequency, what
circuit is used between the modulating
signal and the phase modulator?
Ans: Low-pass filter
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9. The FM produced by PM is called 14. What is the bandwidth of the FM signal
Ans: Indirect FM described in question 13 above?
Ans: 14 kHz
10. If the amplitude of the modulating signal
applied to a phase modulator is Solution:
constant, the output signal will be BW = 2Nfmax
Ans: The carrier frequency BW = 2 (7) (1000) = 14 kHz
11. A 100 MHz carrier is deviated 50 kHz by 15. What is the relative amplitude of the
a 4 kHz signal. The modulation index is third pair of sidebands of an FM signal
Ans: 12.5 with m = 6
Ans: 0.11
Solution:
16. A 200 kHz carrier is modulated by a 2.5
m = 50 000 = 12.5 kHz signal. The fourth pair of sidebands
4000 are spaced from the carrier by
Ans: 10 kHz
12. The maximum deviation of an FM carrier
is 2 kHz by a maximum modulating Solution:
signal of 400 Hz. The deviation ratio is 4th sideband = 4 (2.5 kHz) = 10 kHz
Ans: 5
17. An FM transmitter has a maximum
Solution: deviation of 12 kHz and a maximum
m = 2 000 =5 modulating frequency of 12 kHz. The
400 bandwidth by Carsons rule is
Ans: 48 kHz
13. A 70 kHz carrier has a frequency
deviation of 4 kHz with a 1000 Hz Solution:
signal. How many significant sideband BW = 2 (max + fmax)
pairs are produced? BW = 2 (12 kHz + 12 kHz) = 48 kHz
Ans: 7
18. The maximum allowed deviation of the
Solution: FM sound signal in TV is 25 kHz. If the
m = 4 000 =4 actual deviation is 18 kHz, the percent
1000 modulation is
By using Bessels Table, a Ans: 72%
modulation index of 4, has 7 significant
sidebands. Solution:
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 5

m = 18 000 = 0.72
25000
19. Which of the following is not a major
benefit of FM over AM?
Ans: Lower complexity and cost
20. The primary disadvantage of FM is its
Ans: Excessive use of spectrum space
21. Noise is primarily
Ans: High frequency spikes
22. The receiver circuit that rids FM of noise
is the
Ans: Limiter
23. The phenomenon of a strong FM signal
dominating a weaker signa on a
common frequency is referred to as the
Ans: capture effect
24. The AM signals generated at a low level
may only be amplified by what type of
amplifier?
Ans: Linear
25. Frequency modulation transmitters are
more efficient because their power is
increased by what type of amplifier
Ans: class C
26. Noise interferes mainly with modulating
signals that are
Ans: high frequencies
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27. Pre-emphasis circuits boost what 6. In Fig. 5-3, if the reverse bias on D1 is
modulating frequencies before reduced, the resonant frequency of C1
modulation? Ans: decreases
Ans: high frequencies
7. The frequency change of a crystal
28. A pre-emphasis circuit is a oscillator produced by a varactor diode
Ans: high pass filter is
Ans: small
29. Pre-emphasis is compensated for at the
receiver by 8. A phase modulator varies the phase
Ans: low-pass filter shift of the
Ans: carrier
30. The cut-off frequency of pre-emphasis
and de-emphasis circuits is 9. The widest phase variation is obtained
Ans: 2.122 kHz with a(n)
Ans: LC resonant circuit
Chapter 5: FM Circuits 10. In Fig. 5-7, R4 is the
Ans: deviation control
1. Another name for a VVC is
Ans: varactor diode 11. The small frequency change produced
by a phase modulator can be increased
2. The depletion region in a junction diode by using a(n)
forms what part of a capacitor Ans: frequency multiplier
Ans: dielectric
12. A crystal oscillator whose frequency can
3. Increasing the reverse bias on a be changed by an input voltage is called
varactor diode will cause its capacitance a(n)
Ans: decrease Ans: VXO
4. The capacitance of a varactor diode is in 13. Which oscillators are preferred for
what general range carrier generators because of their good
Ans: pF frequency stability?
Ans: crystal
5. In Fig. 5-3, the varactor diode is biased
by which components? 14. Which of the following frequency
Ans: R1, R2 demodulators requires an input limiter?
Ans: Foster-Seeley discriminator
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 6
15. Which discriminator averages pulses in 1 29. Over a narrow range of frequencies, the
a low-pass filter? f= = 2.6MHz PLL acts like a
2 (50 H)(75pF)
Ans: Quadrature detector Ans: Bandpass filter

16. Which frequency demodulator is 22. Which of the following is true about the 30. The output of a PLL frequency
considered the best overall? NE566 IC? demodulator is taken from
Ans: PLL Ans: it is a VCO Ans: low-pass filter

17. In Fig. 5-8, the voltage at point A when
the input frequency is below the FM
center frequency is
Ans: positive
18. In Fig. 5-8, R3 and C6 form which kind of
circuit?
Ans: De-emphasis
19. In Fig. 5-10, the voltage across C6 is
Ans: directly proportional to frequency
deviation
20. In a pulse averaging discriminator, the
pulses are produced by a(n)
Ans: zero crossing detector
21. A reactance modulator looks like a
capacitance of 35 pF in parallel with the
oscillator-tuned circuit whose inductance
is 50 H and capacitance is 40 pF. What
is the center frequency of the oscillator
prior to FM?
Ans: 206 MHz
Solution:
f= 1
2 LC
CT = 35 pF + 40 pF =75 pF
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23. An FM demodulator that uses a
differential amplifier and tuned circuits to
convert frequency variations into voltage
variations is the
Ans: Differential peak detector
24. The output amplitude of the phase
detector in a quadrature detector is
proportional to
Ans: pulse width
25. The input to a PLL is 2 MHz. In order for
the PLL to be locked, the VCO output
must be
Ans: 2 MHz
26. Decreasing the input frequency to a
locked PLL will cause the VCO output to
Ans: jump to the free-running frequency
27. The range of frequencies over which a
PLL will track input signal variations is
known as the
Ans: lock range
28. The band of frequencies over which a
PLL will acquire or recognize an input
signal is called the
Ans: capture range
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL
Chapter 6: Radio Transmitters
1. Which of the following circuits is not
typically part of every radio transmitter?
Ans: mixer
2. Class C amplifiers are not used in which
type of transmitter?
Ans: SSB
3. A circuit that isolates the carrier
oscillator from load changes is called a
Ans: buffer amplifier
4. A class B amplifier conducts for how
many degrees of an input sine wave?
Ans: 180o
5. Bias for a class C amplifier produced by
an input RC network is known as
Ans: signal bias
6. An FM transmitter has a 9 MHz crystal
carrier oscillator and frequency
multipliers of 2, 3, 4. The output
frequency is
Ans: 216 MHz
Solution
f = 9 MHz x 2 x 3 x 4 = 216 MHz
7
 16. To a match a 6 amplifier impedance 21. In a speech-processing circuit, a low-
7. The most efficient RF power amplifier is to a 72 antenna load, a transformer pass filter prevents
which class amplifier? must have a turns ration NP/NS of Ans: excessive signal bandwidth
Ans: C Ans: 0.289
22. The gain of a transistor amplifier is
8. Collector current in a class C amplifier is Solution: Ans: directly proportional to collector
a current
Ans: Pulse NP = ZP
Ns ZS 23. What values of L and C in an L network
9. The maximum power of typical transistor are required to match a 10 transistor
NP = 6
RF power amplifiers is in what range? = 0.289 amplifier impedance to a 50 load at 27
Ans: Hundreds of watts Ns 72 MHz?
Ans: L = 118 nH, C = 236 pF
10. Self-oscillation in a transistor amplifier is 17. Impedance matching in a broadband
usually caused by linear RF amplifier is handled with a(n) Solution:
Ans: internal capacitance Ans: balun XL = R1R2 R12
11. Neutralization is the process of 18. A class C amplifier has a supply voltage XL= 2fL
Ans: cancelling the effect of internal of 24 V and a collector current of 2.5 A.
XL = (10)(50) 10 = 20
2
device capacitance Its efficiency is 80 %. The RF output
power is XL
12. Maximum power transfer occurs when Ans: 48 L= = 117.89nH 118nH
what relationship exists between the 2 (27M)
generator impedance ZI and the load Solution: R1R2 = 10(50) = 25
impedance Zl? @ 100 %: XC = 20
Ans: Zi = Zl XL
P100 = VI = 60 W
1 1
@ 80 %: C= = = 235.78pF
13. Which of the following is not a benefit of P80 = 0.8 P100 2f XC 2 (27M)(25)
a toroid RF inductor? P80 = 0.8 (60) = 48 W
Ans: Self-supporting
19. Which of the following is not a benefit of Chapter 7: Communications Receivers
14. A toroid is a speech-processing circuits?
Ans: Magnetic core Ans: improved frequency stability 1. The simplest receiver is a(n)
15. Which of the following is not commonly Ans: tuned circuit
20. In an AM transmitter, a clipper circuit
used for impedance matching in a eliminates
transmitter? 2. The key conceptual circuit in a superhet
Ans: splatter receiver is the
Ans: Resistive attenuator
Ans: mixer

2008 Created by Kai Raimi BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 8

3. Most of the gain and selectivity in a
superhet is obtained in the
Ans: IF amplifier
4. The sensitivity of a receiver depends
upon the receivers overall
Ans: Gain
5. The ability of a receiver to separate one
signal from others on closely adjacent
frequencies is called the
Ans: selectivity
6. A mixer has a signal input of 50 MHz
and an LO frequency of 59 MHz. The IF
is
Ans: 9 MHz
Solution:
IF = fo fs = 59 MHz 50 MHz = 9 MHz
7. A signal 2 times the IF away from the
desired signal that causes interference
is referred to as a(n)
Ans: Image
8. A receiver has a desired input signal of
18 MHz and an LO frequency of 19.6
MHz. The image frequency is
Ans: 21.2 MHz
Solution:
IF = 19.6 MHz 18 MHz = 1.6 MHz
fsi = fs + 2IF
fsi = 18 MHz + 2 (1.6 MHz)
fsi = 21.2 MHz
9. The main cause of image interference is
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Ans: Poor front-end selectivity
10. For best image rejection, the IF for a 30
MHz signal would be
Ans: 55 MHz
11. A tuned circuit is resonant at 4 MHz. Its
Q is 100. The bandwidth is
Ans: 40 kHz
Solution:
BW = fr / Q = 4 MHz / 100 = 40 kHz
12. A crystal filter has a 6 dB bandwidth of
2.6 kHz and a 60 dB bandwidth of 14
kHz. The shape factor is
Ans: 5.38
Solution:
Shape factor = 60 dB BW / 6 dB BW
Shape factor = 14 kHz / 2.6 kHz = 5.38
13. Most internal noise comes from
Ans: thermal agitation
14. Which of the following is not a source of
external noise
Ans: thermal agitation
15. Noise can be reduced by
Ans: narrowing the BW
16. Noise at the input to a receiver can be
as high as several
Ans: microvolts
17. Which circuit contributes most to the
noise in a receiver?
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL
Ans: mixer
18. Which noise figure represents the
lowest noise
Ans: 1.6 dB (smallest value)
19. Which filter shape factor represents the
best skirt selectivity?
Ans: 1.6 (smallest value)
20. Which input signal below represents the
best receiver sensitivity?
Ans: 0.5 V
21. Transistor with the lowest noise figure in
the microwave region is a(n)
Ans: MESFET
22. The AGC circuits usually control the
gain of the
Ans: IF amplifier
23. Selectivity is obtained in most receivers
from
Ans: double-tuned circuits
24. Widest bandwidth in a double-tuned
circuit is obtained with
Ans: overcoupling
25. Automatic gain control permits a wide
range of signal amplitudes to be
accommodated by controlling the gain of
the
Ans: IF amplifier
26. In an IF amplifier with reverse AGC, a
strong signal will cause the collector
current to
9
Ans: decrease
27. Usually AGC voltage is derived by the
Ans: demodulator
28. An AFC circuit is used to correct for
Ans: frequency drift in the LO
29. A circuit keeps the audio cut off until a
signal is received is known as
Ans: a squelch
30. A BFO is used in the demodulation of
which types of signals?
Ans: SSB or CW
31. Which of the following circuits are not
typically shared in an SSB transceiver?
Ans: mixers
32. The basic frequency synthesizer circuit
is a(n)
Ans: PLL
33. The output frequency increment of a
frequency synthesizer is determined by
the
Ans: reference input to the phase
detector
34. The output of the frequency synthesizer
is changed by varying the
Ans: frequency division ratio
35. In Fig 7-28, if the input reference is 25
kHz and the divide ratio is 144, the VCO
output frequency
Ans: 3.6 MHz
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36. The bandwidth of a parallel LC circuit
can be increased by
Ans: decreasing XL
37. The upper and lower cutoff frequencies
of a tuned circuit are 1.7 and 1.5 MHz
respectively. The circuit Q is
Ans: 8
Solution:
BW = 1.7 MHz 1.5 MHz = 200 kHz
fr = 1.5 MHz + (200 kHz / 2) = 100 kHz
Q = fr / BW = 8
38. The noise voltage across a 300 input
resistance to a TV set with a 6 MHz
bandwidth and a temperature of 30oC is
Ans: 5.5 V
Solution:
V = 4kTBWR
V = 4k(273 + 30)(6 MHz)(300)
Where k = 1.3806503 x 10-23-
V = 5.5 V
39. The stage gains in a superheterodyne
are follows RF amplifier, 10dB; mixer,
6dB; two IF amplifiers, each 33 dB;
detector, -4 dB; AF amplifier, 28 dB. The
total gain is
Ans: 106
Solution:
GT = G1 + G2 + .. + Gn
GT = 10 + 6 + 33 + 33 + -4 + 28 = 106 dB
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL
40. A tuned circuit resonates at 12 MHz with
an inductance of 5 H whose resistance
is 6 . The circuit bandwidth is
Ans: 191 kHz
Solution:
XL = 2fL = 2(12 MHz)( 5 H) = 376.99
Q = XL / R = 376.99 / 6 = 62.83
BW = fr / Q = 12 MHz / 62.83 = 190.99 kHz
41. In a receiver with noise-derived squelch,
the presence of an audio signal causes
the audio amplifier to be
Ans: enabled
Chapter 8: Multiplexing
1. Multiplexing is the process of
Ans: sending multiple signals
simultaneously over a single channel
2. In FDM, multiple signals
Ans: share a common bandwidth
3. Each signal in a an FDM system
Ans: modulates a subcarrier
4. Frequency modulation in FDM systems
is usually accomplished with a
Ans: VCO
5. Which of the following is not a typical
FDM application
Ans: secure communications
6. The circuit the performs demultiplexing
in an FDM system is a(n)
Ans: Bandpass filter
10
 17. The maximum bandwidth that an analog Ans: Minimizes signal bandwidth
7. Most FDM telemetry systems use signal use with a sampling frequency of
Ans: FM 108 kHz is 26. A telephone system using TDM and
Ans: 54 kHz PCM is called
8. The best frequency demodulator is the Ans: T-1
Ans: PLL discriminator Solution:
fn = fb / 2 = 108 kHz / 2 = 54 kHz 27. An IC that contains A/D and D/A
9. The modulation used in FDM telephone converters, companders and parallel-to-
systems is 18. Pulse-amplitude modulation signals are serial converters is called
Ans: SSB multiplexed by using Ans: Codec
Ans: FET switches
10. The FDM telephone systems 28. Pulse-code modulation is preferred to
accommodate many channels by 19. In PAM demultiplexing, the receiver PAM because of its
Ans: using multiple levels of clock is derived from Ans: Superior noise immunity
multiplexing Ans: The PAM signal itself

11. In FM stereo broadcasting, the L + R 20. In PAM/TDM system, keeping the Chapter 9: Antennas and Transmission
signal multiplexer and DEMUX channels step lines
Ans: modulates the FM carrier with one another is done by a
Ans: Sync pulse 1. The most commonly used transmission
12. In FM stereo broadcasting, the L R line is a
signal 21. Transmitting data as serial binary words Ans: Coax
Ans: DSB modulates a subcarrier is called
Ans: PCM 2. The characteristic impedance of a
13. The SCA signal if used in FM transmission line does not depend upon
broadcasting is transmitted via 22. Converting analog signals to digital is its
Ans: A 67 kHz subcarrier done by sampling and Ans: none of the above
Ans: Quantizing
14. In TDM, multiple signals Choices were:
Ans: take turns transmitting 23. A quantizer is a(n)
Ans: A/D converter Length, Conductor Diameter and
15. In TDM, each signal may use he full Conductor spacing
bandwidth of the channel 24. Emphasizing low-level signals and
Ans: True compressing higher-level signals is 3. Which of the following is not a common
called transmission line impedance?
16. Sampling an analog signal produces Ans: Companding Ans: 120
Ans: PAM
25. Which of the following is not a benefit of 4. For maximum absorption of power at the
companding? antenna, the relationship between the
2008 Created by Kai Raimi BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 11
 characteristic impedance of the line ZO 11. The minimum voltage along a 468 468
and the load impedance Zl should be transmission line is 260 V, while the L= = = 17.33ft.
f MHz 27
Ans: ZO = Zl maximum voltage is 390 V. The SWR is
Ans: 1.5
5. The mismatch between antenna and 18. A popular vertical antenna is the
transmission line impedances cannot be Solution: Ans: Ground plane
corrected for by Vmax - Vmin 390 - 260
Ans: Adjusting the length of | |= = = 0.2 19. The magnetic field of an antenna is
Vmax + Vmin 390 + 260 perpendicular to the earth. The
transmission line
antennas polarization
1 + | | 1 + 0.2 Ans: is horizontal
6. A pattern of voltage and current SWR = = = 1.5
variations along a transmission line not 1 | | 1 0.2
terminated in its characteristic 20. An antenna that transmits or receives
impedance is called 12. Three feet is one wavelength at a equally well in all directions is said to be
Ans: Standing waves frequency of Ans: Omnidirectional
Ans: 328 MHz
7. The desirable SWR on a transmission 21. The horizontal radiation pattern of a
line is 13. At very high frequencies, transmission dipole is a
Ans: 1 lines are used as Ans: figure of 8
Ans: Tuned Circuits
8. A 50 coax is connected to a 73 22. the length of a ground plane vertical at
antenna. The SWR is 14. A shorted quarter-wave line at the 146 MHz is
Ans: 1.46 operating frequency acts like a(n) Ans: 1.6 ft
Ans: Parallel Resonant
Solution: Solution:
If RL > ZO : L 468 468
15. A shorted half-wave line at the operating = = = 1.6ft.
SWR = RL / ZO = 73 / 50 = 1.46 frequency acts like a(n) 2 2 f MHz 2(146)
Ans: Series Resonant Circuit
9. The most desirable reflection coefficient
23. The impedance of a dipole is about
is 16. A popular half-wavelength antenna is Ans: 73
Ans: 0 the
Ans: Dipole 24. A direction antenna with two or more
10. A ratio expressing the percentage of
elements is known as a(n)
incident voltage reflected on a 17. The length of a doublet at 27 MHz is Ans: Array
transmission line is know as the Ans: 17.33 ft
Ans: Reflection coefficient
25. The horizontal radiation pattern o a
Solution: vertical dipole is
Ans: circle

2008 Created by Kai Raimi BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 12
 33. A wide-bandwidth multielement driven
26. In a Yagi antenna, maximum direction of array is the 41. To increase the transmission distance of
radiation is toward the Ans: Log-periodic a UHF signal, which of the following
Ans: Director should be done?
34. Ground-wave communications is most Ans: Increase antenna height
27. Conductors in multielement antennas effective in what frequency range?
that do not receive energy directly from Ans: 300 kHz to 3 MHz 42. A coax has a velocity factor of 0.68.
the transmission line are known as What is the length of a half wave at 30
Ans: Parasitic elements 35. The ionosphere causes radio signals to MHz?
be Ans: 11.2 ft
28. A coax has an attenuation of 2.4 db per Ans: refracted
100 ft. The attenuation for 275 ft is Solution:
Ans: 6.6 db 36. The ionosphere has its greatest effect
on signals in what frequency range? Vp c Vf (300)(0.68)f
Solution: Ans: 3 to 30 MHz = = = = 3.4m
2 2fMHz 2fMHz 2(30)
2.4db
A dB = 100 ft 275 = 6.6dB 37. The type of radio wave responsible for 3.28ft
long-distance communications by
= 3.4m = 11.152ft
2 1m
multiple skips is the
29. An antenna has a power gain of 15. The
Ans: Skywave 43. Which transmission line has the lowest
power applied to the antenna is 32 W.
The effective radiated power is attenuation?
Ans: 480 W 38. Microwave signals propagate by way of Ans: Twin lead
the
Ans: Direct wave 44. Refer to Fig. 9-39. The beam width of
Solution:
P = GTPT = (15)(32) = 480 W this antenna patter is approximately
39. The line-of-sight communications is not Ans: 60o
a factor in which frequency range?
30. Which beamwidth represents the best
Ans: HF 45. A receiver-transmitter station used to
antenna directivity
Ans: 7O increase the communications range of
40. A microwave-transmitting antenna is VHF, UHF, and microwave signals is
550 ft high. The receiving antenna is called a(n)
31. The radiation pattern of collinear and
200 ft high. The maximum transmission Ans: Repeater
broadside antennas
distance is
Ans: Bidirectional
Ans: 53.2 mi.
32. Which antenna has a unidirectional Chapter 10: Microwave Techniques
Solution:
radiation pattern and gain
Ans: Yagi d = 2 ht + 2 hr 1. The main benefit of using microwaves is
Ans: More spectrum space
d = 2(550 ) + 2(400) = 53.16mi
2008 Created by Kai Raimi BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 13
2. Radio communications are regulated in c 3 108 m/s Ans: Frequency multiplier
the United States by the f= = = 5.9GHz
Ans: Federal Communications 2Width 2(0.0254) 19. Which diode is a popular microwave
Commission oscillator
10. A waveguide has a cutoff frequency of Ans: Gunn
3. Which of the following is not a 17 GHz. Which of the signals will not be
disadvantage of microwaves? passed by the waveguide? 20. Which type of diode does not ordinarily
Ans: higher-cost equipment Ans: 15 GHz operate with reverse bias
Ans: Tunnel
4. Which of the following is a microwave 11. Signal propagation in a waveguide is by
frequency Ans: Electric and magnetic fields 21. Low-power Gunn diodes are replacing
Ans: 22 GHz Ans: Reflex klystrons
12. When the electric field in a waveguide is
5. Which of the following is not a common perpendicular to the direction of wave 22. Which of the following is not a
microwave application? propagation, the mode is said to be microwave tube?
Ans: mobile radio Ans: Transverse electric Ans: Cathode-ray tube

6. Coaxial cable is not widely used for long 13. The dominant mode in most waveguides 23. In a klystron amplifier, velocity
microwave transmission lines because is modulation of the electron beam is
of its Ans: TE0,1 produced by the
Ans: high loss Ans: Buncher cavity
14. A magnetic field is introduced into a
7. Stripline and microstrip transmission waveguide by a 24. A reflex klystron is used as a(n)
lines are usually made with Ans: Probe Ans: Oscillator
Ans: PCBs
15. A half-wavelength, closed section of a 25. For proper operation, a magnetron must
8. The most common cross section of a waveguide that acts as a parallel be accompanied by a
wave guide is a resonant circuit is known as a(n) Ans: Permanent magnet
Ans: rectangular Ans: Cavity resonator
26. The operating frequency of klystrons
9. A rectangular waveguide has a width of 16. Decreasing the volume of a cavity and magnetrons is set by the
1 in. and a height of 0.6 in. Its cutoff causes its resonant frequency to Ans: Cavity resonator
frequency is Ans: Increase
Ans: 5.9 GHz 27. A magnetron is used only as a(n)
17. A popular microwave mixer diode is the Ans: oscillator
Solution: Ans: Gunn
1 in = 0.0254 m 28. A common application for magnetrons is
18. Varactor and step-recovery diodes are in
widely used in what type of circuit Ans: Radar
2008 Created by Kai Raimi BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 14
 Ans: Bicone
29. In a TWT, the electron beam is density- Solution:
modulated by a 80 80
Ans: Helix G= = = 53.33 o Chapter 11: Introduction to Sat-Com
w/ w
30. The main advantage of a TWT over a 3 10 8 1. As the height of a satellite orbit gets

5 10
klystron for microwave amplification is 9 lower, the speed of the satellite
Ans: Wider bandwidth

Ans: Increases

31. High-power TWTs are replacing what in 36. The diameter of a parabolic reflector
2. The main functions of a communications
microwave amplifiers? should be at least how many
satellite is a a(a)
Ans: klystrons wavelengths at the operating
Ans: Repeater
frequency?
32. The most widely used microwave Ans: 10
3. The key electronic component in a
antenna is a communications satellite is the
Ans: horn antenna 37. The point where the antenna is mounted
Ans: Transponder
with respect to the parabolic reflector is
33. What happens when a horn antenna is called
4. A circular orbit around the equator with
made longer? Ans: Focal point
a 24 h period is called a(n)
Ans: Gain increases Ans: Geostationary orbit
38. Using a small reflector to beam waves
34. A pyramidal horn used at 5 GHz has an to the larger parabolic reflector is known
5. A satellite stays in orbit because the
aperture that is 7 by 9 cm. The gain is as
following 2 factor are balanced
about Ans: Cassegrain feed
Ans: Gravitational pull and inertia
Ans: 10.5 db
39. Increasing the diameter of a parabolic
6. The height of a satellite in a
Solution: reflector causes which of the following
synchronous equatorial orbit is
Ans: Decreasing beamwidth and
(7)(9) Ans: 22300 mi
4 (0.5 ) increasing gain
4A 10000
G= 2 = = 10.9956 7. Most satellites operate in which
2 40. A helical antenna is made up of a coil
3 10 8 frequency band?

9
and a
Ans: 3 GHz to 30 GHz
5 10 Ans: Reflector
GdB = 10 log 10.9956 = 10.41 dB 8. The main power sources for a satellite
41. The output of a helical antenna is
are
35. Given the frequency and dimensions in Ans: Circularly polarized
Ans: Solar cells
Question 34 above the beamwidth is
about 42. A common omnidirectional microwave
9. The maximum height of an elliptical orbit
Ans: 53o antenna is the
is called
2008 Created by Kai Raimi BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 15
Ans: Apogee Ans: Klystrons Ans: Digital methods

10. Batteries are used to power all satellite 20. The physical location of a satellite is 3. Which of the following is not primarily a
subsystems determined by its type of data communications
Ans: During eclipse periods Ans: Latitude and longtitude Ans: Teletype

11. The satellite subsystem that monitors 21. The receive GCE system in an earth 4. The main reason that serial
and controls the satellite is the station performs what function(s) transmission is preferred to parallel
Ans: Telemetry, tracking and command Ans: Demodulation and demultiplexing transmission is that
subsystem Ans: Serial requires multiple channels
22. Which of the following types of HPA is
12. The basic technique used to stabilize a not used in earth stations 5. Mark and space refer respectively to
satellite is Ans: Magnetron Ans: Binary 1 and binary 0
Ans: Spin
23. A common up-converter and down- 6. The number of amplitude, frequency, or
13. The jet thrusters are usually fired to converter IF is phase changes that take place per
Ans: Maintain altitude Ans: 70 MHz second is known ad the
Ans: Baud rate
14. Most commercial satellite activity occurs 24. The type of modulation used on voice
in which bands? and video signals is 7. Data transmission of one character at a
Ans: C and Ku Ans: FM time with start and stop bits is known as
what type of transmission?
15. How can multiple earth stations share a 25. The modulation normally used with Ans: Asynchronous
satellite on the same frequency digital data is
Ans: Frequency reuse Ans: QPSK 8. The most widely used data
communications code is
16. The typical bandwidth of a satellite band 26. Which of the following is not a typical Ans: ASCII
is output from a GPS receiver?
Ans: 500 MHz Ans: Speed 9. The ASCII code has
Ans: 7 bits
17. Which of the following is not usually a
part of a transponder ---------------------------------------------------------- 10. Digital signals may be transmitted over
Ans: Modulator Chapter 12: Data Communications the telephone network if
Ans: they are converted to analog first.
18. The satellite communications channels 1. Data communications refer to the
in a transponder are defined by the transmission of 11. Start and stop bits, respectively, are
Ans: Bandpass filter Ans: Voice, Video, and Computer data Ans: Space and mark

19. The HPAs in most satellites are 2. Data communications uses 12. Which of the following is correct?
2008 Created by Kai Raimi BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 16
Ans: The bit rate may be greater than the
baud rate
13. A modem converts
Ans: both analog signals to digital and
digital signals to analog signals
14. Slow-speed modems use
Ans: FSK
15. A carrier recovery circuit is not needed
with
Ans: DPSK
16. The basic modulator and demodulator
circuits in PSK are
Ans: Balanced modulators
17. The carrier used with a BPSK
demodulator is
Ans: The BPSK signal itself
18. A 9600 baud rate signal can pass over
the voice-grade telephone line if which
kind of modulation is used?
Ans: QAM
31. A longitudinal redundancy check
23. A synchronous transmission usually produces a(n)
begins with which character? Ans: Block check character
Ans: SYN
32. Dividing the data block by a constant
24. The characters making up the message produces a remainder that is used for
in a synchronous transmission are error detection. It is called the
collectively referred to as a data Ans: CRC
Ans: Block
33. A CRC generator uses which
25. Bit errors in data transmission are components?
usually cause by Ans: Shift register
Ans: Noise
34. Which of the following is not a LAN?
26. Which of the following is not a Ans: Cable TV system
commonly used method of error
detection? 35. The fastest LAN topology is the
Ans: Redundancy Ans: Bus
27. Which of the following words has the 36. Which is not a common LAN medium?
correct parity bit? Assume odd parity. Ans: Twin Lead
The last bit is the parity bit
Ans: 1100110 1 37. A mainframe computer connected to
multiple terminals and PCs usually uses
28. Another name for parity is which configuration?
Ans: Vertical redundancy check Ans: Star

19. Quadrature amplitude modulation is 29. Ten bit errors occur in two million 38. A small telephone switching system that
Ans: AM plus QPSK transmitted. The bit error rate is can be used as a LAN is called a
Ans: 5 x 10-6 Ans: PBX
20. A QAM modulator does not use a(n)
Ans: XNOR Solution: 39. Which medium is the least susceptible
10 to noise?
21. A rule or procedure that defines how e= = 5 10 6 Ans: Fiber-optic cable
2 10 6
data is to be transmitted is called a(n)
Ans: Protocol 40. Which medium is the most widely used
30. The building block of a parity or BCC
in LANs?
generator is a(n)
22. A popular PC protocol is Ans: Twisted pair
Ans: XOR
Ans: Xmodem
2008 Created by Kai Raimi BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 17
41. Transmitting the data signal directly over S


53. The most critical and difficult part of
the medium is referred to as N dB receiving a direct-sequence SS signal is
10
Ans: Baseband S Ans: Synchronism
= 10
= 630.96
N
42. The techniques of using modulation and 10Mbits/s
FDM to transmit multiple data channels BW = = 1.075MHz
log 2 (1 + 630.96 )
Chapter 13: Fiber Optic Communications
of a common medium is known as
Ans: Broadband 1. Which of the following is not a common
46. Which circuit is common to bot application of fiber-optic cable?
43. What is the minimum bandwidth frequency-hopping and direct-sequence Ans: Consumer TV
required to transmit a 56 kbits/s binary SS transmitters?
signal with no noise? Ans: Frequency of operation 2. Total internal reflection takes place if the
Ans: 28 kHz light ray strikes the interface at an angle
47. Spread spectrum stations sharing a with what relationship to the critical
Solution: band are identified by and distinguished angle?
BW = fb/2 = 56 kbits/2 = 28 kHz from one another by Ans: greater than
Ans: PSN code
44. Sixteen different levels (symbols) are 3. The operation of a fiber-optic cable is
used to encode binary data. The 48. The type of modulation most often used based on the principle of
channel bandwidth is 36 MHz. The with direct-sequence SS is Ans: Reflection
maximum channel capacity is Ans: PSK
Ans: 288 Mbits/s 4. Which of the following is not a common
49. The main circuit in a PSN generator is type of fiber-optic cable?
Solution a(n) Ans: Single-mode grade-index
C = 2BWlog 2M Ans: XOR
C = 2(36MHz) (log 2 (16)) = 288 Mbits/s 5. Cable attenuation is usually expressed
50. To a conventional narrowband receiver, in terms of
an SS signal appears to be like Ans: dB/km
45. What is the bandwidth required to Ans: Noise
transmit at a rate of 10Mbits/s in the
6. Which cable length has the highest
presence of a 28-db S/N ratio? 51. Which of the following is not a benefit of attenuation?
Ans: 1.075 MHz SS? Ans: 2 km
Ans: Noise proof
Solution:
7. The upper pulse rate and information-
C = BW log2(1+S/N) 52. Spread spectrum is a form of carrying capacity of a cable is limited by
S/NdB = 10 log (S/N) multiplexing Ans: Attenuation
Ans: true
8. The core of a fiber-optic cable is made
of
2008 Created by Kai Raimi BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 18
Ans: Glass
9. The core of a fiber-optic cable is
surrounded by
Ans: Cladding
10. The speed of light in plastic compared to
the speed of light in air is
Ans: Less
11. Which of the following is not a major
benefit of fiber-optic cable?
Ans: Lower cost
12. The main benefit of light-wave
communications over microwaves or
any other communications media are
Ans: Wider bandwidth
13. Which of the following is not part of the
optical spectrum
Ans: X-rays
18. A popular light wavelength in fiber-optic
cable is 26. Which light emitter is preferred for high-
Ans: 1.3 m speed data in a fiber-optic system?
Ans: Laser
19. Which type of fiber-optic cable is the
most widely used? 27. Most fiber-optic light sources emit light
Ans: Multimode step-index in which spectrum?
Ans: Visible
20. Which type of fiber-optic cable is best
for very high speed data? 28. Both LEDs and ILDs operate correctly
Ans: Single mode step-index with
Ans: Forward bias
21. Which type of fiber-optic cable has the
least modal dispersion? 29. Single-frequency light is called
Ans: Single mode step-index Ans: Monochromatic
22. Which of the following is not a factor in 30. Laser light is very bright because it is
cable light loss? Ans: Coherent
Ans: Reflection
31. Which of the following is not a common
23. A distance of 8 km is the same as detector?
Ans: 5 mi Ans: Photovoltaic diode

14. The wavelength of visible light extends 24. A fiber-optic cable has a loss of 15 32. Which of the following is the fastest light
from db/km. The attenuation in a cable 1000ft sensor?
Ans: 400 to 750 nm long is Ans: Avalanche photodiode
Ans: 4.57 dB
15. The speed of light is 33. Photodiodes operate properly with
Ans: 300,000,000 m/s Solution: Ans: Reverse bias
1000ft = 0.3048 km
16. Refraction is the = 15 0.3048 = 4.57dB 34. The product of the bit rate and distance
Ans: Bending of light waves of a fiber-optic system is 2Gbits-km/s.
25. Fiber-optic with attenuations of 1.8, 3.4, What is the maximum rate at 5 km?
17. The ratio of the speed of light in air to 5.9 and 18 dB are linked together. The Ans: 400 Mbits/s
the speed of light in another substance total loss is
is called the Ans: 29.1 dB Solution:
Ans: Index of refraction 20 Gbits - km/s
Solution: Ratemax = = 400bits/s
5 km
LossT = 1.8 + 3.4 + 5.9 + 18 = 29.1 dB
2008 Created by Kai Raimi BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 19
35. Which fiber-optic system is better?
Ans: 3 repeaters
Chapter 14: Modern Comm Apps
1. Printed documents to be transmitted by
fax are converted into a baseband
electrical signal by the process of
Ans: Scanning
2. The most commonly used light sensor in
a modern fax machine is a
Ans: Charge coupled device
3. In FM fax, the frequencies for black and
white are
Ans: 1500 and 2300 Hz
4. Which resolution produces the best
quality fax?
Ans: 400 lines per inch
5. Group 2 fax uses which modulation?
Ans: Vestigial sideband AM
6. The most widely used fax standard is
Ans: Group 3
7. Group 3 fax uses which modulation?
Ans: QAM
8. Most fax printers are of which type?
Ans: Thermal
9. Facsimile standards are set by the
Ans: CCITT
2008 Created by Kai Raimi BHC
10. What type of graphics is commonly
transmitted by radio fax?
Ans: Satellite weather photos
11. The transmission speed of group 4 fax
is
Ans: 56 kbits/s
12. The master control center for a cellular
telephone system is the
Ans: Mobile telephone switching office
13. Each cell site contains a
Ans: Repeater
14. Multiple cells within an area may use the
same channel frequencies
Ans: True
15. Cellular telephones use which type of
operation?
Ans: Full-duplex
16. The maximum frequency deviation of an
FM cellular transmitter is
Ans: 12 kHz
17. The maximum output power of a cellular
transmitter is
Ans: 3 W
18. Receive channel 22 is 870.66 MHz.
Receive channel 23 is
Ans: 870.69 MHz
Solution:
fCH 23 = fCH 22 + 30 kHz*
fCH 23 = 870.66 MHz + 30 kHz
fCH 23 = 870.69 MHz
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL
*in cellular radio systems, receive channels
are spaced 30 kHz apart
19. A transmit channel has a frequency of
837.6 MHz. The receive channel
frequency is
Ans: 882.6 MHz
Solution:
freceive = ftransmit + 45 MHz*
freceive = 837.6 MHz + 45 MHz
freceive = 882.6 MHz
*in cellular radio systems, the transmit and
receive frequencies are spaced 30 kHz apart
20. A receive channel frequency is 872.4
MHz. To develop an 82.2 MHz IF, the
frequency synthesizer must supply an
LO signal of
Ans: 954.6 MHz
Solution:
fLO = fr + IF
fLO = 872.4 MHz + 82.2 MHz
fLO = 954.6 MHz
21. The output power of a cellular radio is
controlled by the
Ans: MTSO
22. When the signal from a mobile cellular
unit drops below a certain level, what
action occurs?
Ans: The unit is handed off to a closer
cell
23. In a cellular radio, the duplexer is a
Ans: Pair of sharp bandpass filter
20
24. The time from the transmission of a 38. The TV signal uses which types of
radar pulse to its reception is 0.12 ms. 29. The Doppler Effect is a change in what modulation for picture and sound
The distance to the target is how many signal characteristic produced by respectively?
nautical miles? relative motion between the radar set Ans: AM, FM
Ans: 9.7 nmi and a target?
Ans: Frequency 39. If a TV sound transmitter has a carrier
Solution: frequency of 197.75 MHz, the picture
T 1202 30. The most widely used radar transmitter carrier is
D= = = 9.7nmi component is a Ans: 193.25 MHz
12.36 12.36
Ans: Magnetron
Solution:
25. The ability of a radar to determine the
31. Low-power radar transmitters and SCARRIER = PCARRIER + 4.5 MHz
bearing to a target depends upon the
Ans: Antenna directivity receiver LOs use which component? PCARRIER = SCARRIER - 4.5 MHz
Ans: Gunn diode PCARRIER = 197.75 MHz - 4.5 MHz
PCARRIER = 193.25 MHz
26. The pulse duration of a radar signal is
32. What component in a duplexer protects
600 ns. The PRF is 185 pulses per
the receiver from the high-power 40. The total bandwidth of an NTSC TV
second. The duty cycle is
Ans: 1.1 % transmitter output? signal is
Ans: Spark gap Ans: 6 MHz
Solution:
33. Most radar antennas usa a 41. What is the total number of interlaced
1 1
PRT = = = 5.405ms Ans: Horn and parabolic reflector scan lines in one complete frame of a
PRF 185 NTSC U.S. TV signal?
PWT 34. The most common radar display is the Ans: 525
Duty Cycle = Ans: Plan position indicator
PRT
42. What keeps the scanning process at the
600ns 35. A radar antenna using multiple dipoles receiver in step with the scanning in the
Duty Cycle = 100 = 0.0111 or slot antennas in a matrix with variable picture tube at receiver?
5.405ms phase shifters is called a(n) Ans: Sync pulses
Ans: Phased array
27. The Doppler effect is used to produce 43. What is the black-and-white or
modulation of which type of radar 36. Police radars use which technique? monochrome brightness signal in TV
signal? Ans: CW (Continuous-wave) called
Ans: CW (Continuous-wave) Ans: Luminance Y
37. Which of the following is a typical radar
28. The Doppler Effect allows which operating frequency? 44. What is the name of the solid-state
characteristics of a target to be Ans: 10 GHz imaging device used int TV cameras
measured? that converts the light in a scene into an
Ans: Speed electrical signal?
2008 Created by Kai Raimi BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 21
Ans: CCD 53. What technique is used to permit
hundreds of TV signals to share a
45. The I and Q composite color signals are common cable?
multiplexed onto the picture carrier by Ans: FDM
modulating a 3.58 MHz subcarrier using
Ans: DSB AM

46. The assembly around the neck of a

picture tube that produces the magnetic
fields that deflect and scan the electron
beams is called the
Ans: Yoke

47. The picture and sound carrier

frequencies in a TV receiver IF are
respectively
Ans: 45.75 and 41.25 MHz

48. The sound IF in a TV receiver is

Ans: 41.25 MHz

49. What type of circuit is used to modulate

and demodulate the color signals?
Ans: Balanced demodulator

50. What circuit in the TV receiver is used to

develop the high voltage needed to
operate the picture tube?
Ans: horizontal output

51. What ensures proper color

synchronization at the receiver?
Ans: 3.58 MHz color burst

52. Which of the following is not a benefit of

cable TV?
Ans: Lower-cost reception

2008 Created by Kai Raimi BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 22