Chanter Review Penhlams page 237-239 1. A 1660-kg car travels at a speed of 12.5 mis. What is its kinetic energy? KE = fot = [3] e1so0 kg)(12.5 mis)? = 125 x 1085 2. A racing car has a mass of 1500 kg. What is the kinetic energy if it has a speed of 108 kana? = 408 km/h) (1000 mvksn) . (3600 say OS KE = byt (z]e1s00 4)0.0 m/s) = 6.75 x 105 3. Sally has a mass of 45 kg and ig moving with a speed of 10.0 mis, =. a. Find Sally's kinetic energy. KE = byt = a (45 ka)(100 my = 23x 107 b. Sally's speed changes to 5.0 m/s. Now what is her kinetic energy? xe = Smo = [3] 2 = yrot = [3] 45 uo. ms) $x 10S ©. What is the ratio of the kinetic energies in a. and b.? Expiain the ratio, 120m) _ oma vetocity gives four times the 142 Chapter 11 Energy Chanter Ravinnr Deahlame Shawn and his bike have a total mass of 450 kg. Shawn rides his bike 1.80 km in 10.0 min at a consunt velocity. What is Shaves netic energy? = 4, (1.80 kem)(1000 m fim) _ Y= F* GU.Omin)(@0 s/miny ~ 300 ™% Ke = byt = BI (45.0 kg)(3.00 mys)? = 2035 It is not uncommon during the service of a professional tennis player for the racquet to exert an average force of 150.0 N on the ball. If the ball has a mass of 0.060 kg and is in contact with the strings of the racquet for 0.030 s, what is the kinetic energy of the ball a it leaves the racquet? Assume the ball starts, from rest. F= mAy = my ~ my, and v= 0, 50 (150.0 N)G.0x 10% s) <0 X10 kg) 75 mis _Ft KE = jpn = 36.0 X 10 g)(75 m/s)* LT x 103 Pam has a mass of 40.0 kg and is at rest on smooth, level, frictionless ice. Pam straps on rocket ‘pack.’ The rocket supplies @ constant force for 22.0 m and Pam acquired a speed of 62.0 mis. a. What is the magnitude of the force? 37.4 mist, Therefore. (40.0 kg)(874 mist) 3.50 X 10'N, b. What is Pam's final kinetic energy? Ae = byes = H00 4g(600 mise = 7.69 x 108Chantar Rasine Denhlame 7. Sally and Lisa have a mass of 45 kg and they are moving together with a speed of 10.0 mis. a, What is their combined kinetic energy? ie, = bt = om + mo) = HAS kg + 45 kgy(10.0 mis)? 45K 10F b, What is the ratio of 1 Sally's mass? mam _aSke + 43kg _ 90kg 2 ™, 45g a5ig “T What is the ratio of their combined kinetic energy to Sally's kinetic energy? Explain, rots Has ig) (10.0 mgt KE, = 2.25 x 105 45x10 5 2 T3SKIGT “7 The ratio of the kinetic enorgies is the same as the ratio of their masses 8. In the 1950s an experimental train that had a mass of 2.50 X 10 kg was powered across a level track by a jet engine that produced a thrust of 5.00 x 103 N for a distance of 500 m, a. Find the work done on the wain, (5.00 x 10° N)(S00 m) 2.50 X 108 J b. Find the change in kinetic energy. AKE 2.50 x 1087 . Find the tinal xinetic energy of the wain if it stared from rest, AKE = KE, ~ KE, so KE, 2.90 x 10S - 0 = AKE + KE, Chantas Devinn: Deahlame 9% 10. d. Find the final speed of the tain if there ‘was no friction, Lint KE, = SpA, 50 a. KE “OTPm = 250% 1087 = TL3Ox 10" Ra) v= YEDOXTO HAE = 141 mis ‘A 14 T0O-N car is traveling at 25 m/s. The brakes are suddenly applied and the car slides to a stop. The average braking force between the tires and the road is 7100 N. How far will the car slide once the brakes are applied? Ww Liye = Fed = jv 14,700 N 9-80 mjai = 1500 ke. Jom? 11500 kg) (25 mst) Sod=—— F_ = 7190 = 6 m. A 150-kg cart is moving with a velocity of 7.50 m/s down a level hallway, A constant force of -10.0 N acts on the cart and its velocity becomes 3.20 m/s. a What is the change in kinetic energy of the cart? AKE = KE, ~ KE, = Sm(v? — 9) HIS.0 kg)1G.20 mA? ~ (7.50 may 3457 b. How much work was done on the cart? W = AKE = 345.5 ©. How tar did the cart move while the force acted? Chapter 11 143 EnergynL. 12. 3. 144 A 2.00 X 10)-kg car has a speed of 12.0 m/s. ‘The car then hits a tree, The tee doesn't ‘move and the car comes to rest. @ Find the change in kinetic energy of the car. KE = KE, ~ KE, = dmv? ~ v8) = (2.00 X 10 kg(O* - (12.0 may?) = -14t x 1055 b. Find the amount of work done in pushing in the front of the car. W = AKE = -1.44 x 1057 ©. Find the size of the force that pushed the front of the car in 50.0 cm, Ws F-d, 50 W _ n14d x 1051 d =~ 0500 m = -2.88 x 10° N, ‘The negative sign implies a retarding force. F How much potential energy does Tim, mass of 60.0 kg, gain when he climbs a gymnasium rope a distance of 3.5 m? PE = mgh = (60.0 kg)(9.80 m/s)\(3.5 m) = 21x 105 A 6.4-kg bowling ball is lifted 21 m into a storage rack. Calculate the increase in the ball’s potential energy. (64 kg)(9.80 m/s9(2.1 m) | 13x18) PE = mgh Mary weighs 500 N, | af stairs 10 a level point. What is the ct ‘nergy? She walks down a flight (0 m below her starting we in Mary's potential | APE = mgah = WAh = (500 N\(-5.50 m) 2.75 X18 J Chapter 11 Energy 1s. 16, 7. 18, 19, ‘A weightlifter raises a 180-kg barbell to a height of 1.95 m. What is the increase in the barbell's potential energy? PE = mgh = (180 kg(9.80 m/s*)(1.95 m) = 448 x 10°F A 10.0-kg test rocket is fired vertically from Cape Canaveral. Its fuel gives it a kinetic energy of 1960 J by the time the rocket motor burns all of the fuel. What additional height will the rocket rise? PE = mgh = KE KE 1960 = ng ~ TOOK) ORO may = 200m Ace raid a 120-N Physics book froma tbl, 75 em above the Moor, to @ shell, 2.15 m above the floor. What was the change in Potential energy? PE = mgOh = Wah = W(hy — h) = (120 N)@.15 m= 0.75 m) = 1683 A hallway display of energy is constructed. People are told that to do 1.00 J of work, they should pull on a rope that lifts a block 1.00 m. ‘What should be the mass of the block? W = APE = mgh, 90 won m= oh ~ OR0m/s*)\0.00m) 0.102 kg ‘A constant net force of 410 N, up, is applied to a stone that weighs 32 N. The upward force is applied through a distance of 2.0 m, and the stone is then released. To what height, from the point of release, will the stone rise? W = Fa = (410 NY(2.0 m) = 8.20 x 10° J. But W = APE = mgAh, so W _ 8.20 x10 ats ag = JON 26 m A SBN sack of grain is hoisted co a storage room 50 m above the ground floor of a grain elevator. a. How much work was required? W = Fd = (98 N)(S0 m) = 49 x 10°Chapter Review Problems , What is the potential energy of the sack of ‘grain at this height? APE = W = 49x 105 ‘The rope being used to lift the sack grain breaks just as the sack reaches Storage room. What kinetic energy does sack have just before it strikes the ground ‘oor? KE = APE =49 X10 J 21. A 20-kg rock is on the edge of a 100m cliff, ‘4. What potential energy does the rock possess Telative to the base of the cliff? PE = mgh = (20 g)(980 m/s*)(100 m) = 20x 107 b. “The rock falls from the cliff. What is its kkinetic energy just before it strikes the ‘ground? KE = APE = 2.0 x 105 ‘What speed does the rock have as it strikes the ground? 1 KE = Smt BE _ (ORO XID ™ eae 2 = 45 m/s An archer puts a 0.30-kg amow to the bowstring. An average force of 201N is exerted to draw the string back 1.3 m. . Assuming no frictional loss, with what speed does the arrow leave the bow? Fd = 5m we kd 7 . = a _ eas ™ (0.30 kg) = 42 m/s Chapter Review Problems b. If the arrow is shot straight up, how high does it rise? PE = AKE mgd = Sot vt _@m/s)t 8°" BE * : 23. A 2.0-kg rock initially at rest loses 4007 of fai Potential energy while falling to the ground. aay Calculate the Kinetic energy that the rock © gains while falling. PE, + KE, = PE, + KE, KE, = PE, D. What is the rock's speed just before it strikes the ground? = bw, 90 vt = @KE = 24O0.D le KE = pm, 0 vt = ORE 0 OOD : = 400 mi¥/s%, 50 v = 20 mis, | 2A, Bey weighs 420 N and is sitting on a playground swing seat that hangs 0.40 m above the ground, Tom pulls the swing back and releases it when the seat is 1.00 m above the ground. a. How fast is Bewy moving when the swing passes through its lowest position? APE = Fd = (420 NY(0.40 m - 1.90 m) = 2507 Ligt KE = -APE = Sn} 2RE (2) 50 Ty “= Sm = (RO Nema = 34 més . If Betty moves through the lowest point at 2.0 m/s, how much work was done on the swing by friction? w eke = 203 ~ bot 2207- (f) (P00 mis = 250 J ~ 865 = 1645 = 1.6 x 1007 Energy 45Chanter Review Peahlame 25. 146 | Bill throws a 10.0-g ball staight down from a height of 2.0 m. The ball strikes the floor at a speed of 7.5 mis, What was the initial speed of the ball? KE, = KE, + PE, mud = Jd + mph, the mass of the ball dividing out, so v2 = v2 - 2h, % = WERE = ATS mF OOM MALO) = 41 ms Magen's mass is 28 kg. She climbs the 4.88 ladder of a slide, then reaches a velocity of 3.2 m/s at the bottom of the slide, How much ‘work was done by friction on Magen. At te tp, me PE = mgh = (28 kg)(9.80 m/s\(4.8 m) = 13x 103, ” Atte bon, ke = jm = (Fas en.2 mvs =14x 183 W, = PE -~ KE = 12X10) ‘A_ physics book, mass unknown, is dropped 4.50 m, What speed does the book have just before it hits the ground? KE = PE 1 gm = mgh; the mass of the book divides out, olene Siah = TOR WITS = 9.39 mis, Chapter 11 Energy Chanter Devious Denhtame 28, A 30.0-kg gun is standing on a frictionless surface. The gun fires a 50.0-g bullet with a muzzle velocity of 310 mys. a. Calculate the momenta of the bullet and the ‘gun after the gun was fired. P, Py and Py = my (0.0500 kg)(310 avs) = 155 82 155% A, B, Calculate the kinetic energy of both the ballet and the gun just after firing. KE, jt . {0.0500 g)310 m/s) = 240 x 10 my, $0 517 mis KE, = Fp? = 330.0 kgi(0517 mis)? = 4001 ‘A millroad car with a mass of 5.0 X 10! kg collides with a sutionary railroad car of equal mass, After the collision, the two cars lock together and move off at 4.0 mis. 4. Before the collision, the first railroad car was moving at 80 mys, What was its momentum? my = (5,0 X 10° kg){8.0 m/s) = 40 x 10 EB b, What is the total momentum of the two cars afer the cals? Since momentum is conserved, it must be 40x 19 HmChapter Review Problems . Find the kinetic energies of the two cars before and after the collision, Before the collision: 1 KE, = Fmt ia = eo X 10? g)(8.0 m/s)? 16 X 10°F since it is at rest, KE, After the collision: re ob 7 (Jeo x10 kg + 5.0 X 10° kg)(4.0 m/s)? = 8.0 x 1065 @. Account for the loss of kinetic energy, While momentum was conserved during the collision, kinetic energy was not. The amount not conserved was tumed into heat ‘and sound. 30. From what height would a compact car have to be dropped to have the same kinetic energy that it has when being driven at 100 km/h? += (5 a Tien | [3800-5 = 278 mis KE = PE Jr = meh: the mass of the car divides out, 0 = V2, (278 m/s) Bh 908 = 55 2080 = 394m Chapter Review Problems 31. A golf ball, mass 0.046 kg, resis on a tee, It is struck by a golf club with an effective mass Of 0.220 keg and a speed of 44 m/s, Assuming the collision is elastic, find the speed of the ball when it leaves the tee, From conservation of momentum, my= my,’ + my’. Solve for v,”, man! From conservation of energy, Fn = prs! + Bes!) Mainly by ‘two and substitution gives mye’ m my? = my, ~ 2 + ivy!) oF my? = mod — dn’ + OE + my’), ‘Simplify and factor: 0 = (mean + OM 5 4’), Biter : Hay, + [Be ily! =0 nv! v0 [Rew <0 2, 2(44 m/s) i = 73 ms im Ee] mt) [ommeg Chapter 11 Energy 147Chapter Review Problems 32. A stool ball has amass of 40 kg and rolls along a smooth, ievet surface at 62 m/s a Find its kinetic energy. KE = bot = a 4.0 ka)(62 mi? 17x10 3 b. At first, the ball was at rest on the surface. ‘A constant force acted on it through a distance of 22 m to give it the speed of 62 m/s. What was the magnitude of the force? a. We Fd W 17x 103 bra Be LI IOT 35x 10N 33. Show that W = KE, ~ KE, if an object is not Criginally at rest. Use the equation relating inital and final velocity with constant acceleration and distance, ~ vi + 2ad, or d = ¥ But Ta W = mad = ma" =] = dive - vB) = Spd — Jue. Therefore, W = KE, KE, eee Supplemental Problems (Appendix B) 1, Calculate the kinetic energy of a proton, mass Of 1.67 X 10 kg, traveling at 5.20 x 107 mvs. 585.20 107 mysyt 148 Chapter 11 Energy Supplemental Problems (Appendix B) 2 What is the Kinetic energy of a 32-kg pike swimming at 2.7 km/h? 27 amine 100. SHE 075 ms KE = Jv = 43.2 kg)(0.75 mi}? = 090 3 3. A force of 30.0 N pushes a 15-kg cart, initially at rest, @ distance of 2.8m along a frictionless surface, a. Find the work done on the cart, W = Fd = (30.0 N28 m) = 843 D. What is its change in kinetic energy? W = AKE = 843 ©. What is the car's final velocity? -= pea 7 v= |oee T3 tg = ll ws 4. A bike and rider of 82.0-kg combined mass are taveling at 42 m/s. A constant force of 140 N is applied by the brakes in stopping the bike. What braking distance is needed? 1 KE = Smit = G20 kay(4.2 misy = 723 J of KE is lost (140 Nod = -723 5 d=52m S.A Ti2-kg car is traveling at 5.6 m/s when a foree acts on it for 84 5, changing its velocity to 10.2 més a i she bange in kinetic energy of she 2 kg)(10.2 mis} KE wag = yr? = 712 kaS.6 mis)? FLIX 107 AKE = KE ou ~ KE = 2.6 X 10SSupplemental Problems we), (i024 6m a [ope [Demegsm ay 5 =06m c. How large is the force? Fd = AKE F664 m) = 26 x 10°F F=39X10°N 6. Five {identical 0.85-kg books of 2.50-cm thickness are each lying flat on a table, Calculate the gain in potential energy of the system if they are stacked one on top of the other. Height raised: book 1 none book 2 2.5 cm book 3 5.0 cm book 4 7.5 cm APE = meh = (0.85 kg)(9.80 m/s?\(0.25 m) 2217 Each step of a ladder increases one's vertical height 40 cm. If a 90,0-kg painter climbs 8 steps of the ladder, what is the increase in potential energy? (40 cm)(@) = 320 cm APE = mgdh = (90.0 kg)(9.80 m/s*\3.2 m) 8 X10 J 8 A 0.25-kg ball is dropped from a height of 3.2 m and bounces to a height of 2.4 m. What is its loss in potential energy? ah Supplemental Problems 9. 10. a A 0.18-kg ball is placed on a compressed spring on the floor, The spring exerts an average force of 2.8 N through a distance of 15 em as it shoots the ball upward. How high will the ball travel above the release spring? W = Fa = (2.8 NYOIS m) = 0.425 W = APE = mghh 0.42 J = (0.18 g)(9.80 m/s*(ah) Ah = 0.24 m A force of 14.0 N is applied to a 1.5-kg cart as it travels 26 m along an inclined plane. ‘What is the angle of inclination of the plane. W = Fd = (140 N26 m) = 364.1 W = APE = mgah (2.5 kgX9.80 m/s5\(h) Ah = 2.48 m 5, ag] 248m a A 15.0-kg model plane flies horizontally at a constant speed of 12.5 m/s. a, Calculate its kinetic energy. f | 5} (15.0 kgy(12.5 mis) U oy b. The piane goes into a dive and levels off 204 m closer to Earth, © How much potential energy does it lose during the dive? Assume no additional drag. APE = mgh = (15.0 kg)(9.80 m/s?\(204 m) 00 x10 5 Chapter 11 Energy 49