CU HI N TP MN MI TRNG V SC KHO

1/ Trnh by cc khi nim v: sc kho, mi trng v sc kho mi trng?

Sc kho: Sc kho l trng thi lnh mnh v th cht, thoi mi v tinh thn v y
v phc li x hi, ch khng phi n thun sc kho ch l v bnh v tt. Sc kho
l s phi hp gia 3 thnh phn: th lc, tinh thn v x hi.
Mi trng: Mi trng bao gm cc yu t t nhin v bao gm cc yu t vt cht
nhn to quan h mt thit vi nhau, bao quanh con ngi, c nh hng n i sng,
sn xut, s tn ti, pht trin ca con ngi v thin nhin.
Sc kho mi trng: Sc kho mi trng l to ra v duy tr mt mi trng trong
lnh, bn vng nng cao sc kho cho cng ng. Di truyn, mi trng v li sng
quyt nh sc kho ca con ngi, trong mi trng v li sng lin quan mt thit
vi sc kho v chng c mi quan h v tng tc ln nhau.

2/ Trnh by s nh hng tch cc ca mi trng ln i sng v sc kho con ngi? Cho v

d.

Mi trng l iu kin ti thiu cn thit duy tr s sng cho con ngi, mi trng
cung cp khng kh ht th, khng kh cung cp oxy s dng cho cc qua trnh hot
ng chuyn ho v trao i cht trong c th; con ngi cn t , chn nui, trng
trt, canh tc... Mi trng to ra lng thc thc phm v cc ngun nguyn liu cn
thit cho s sng; con ngi cn nc ung v s dng trong sinh hot hng ngy.
Ngoi ra, mi trng cn cung cp cc nhu cu thit yu, p ng nhng th hiu cho
cuc sng: t mi trng t nhin n mi trng x hi cung cp cc ngun ti
nguyn, nguyn vt liu, to ra cc sn phm ( trang sc, y phc...) lm thoi mi v
tinh thn...

Vd:

3/ Trnh by s nh hng tiu cc ca mi trng ln i sng v sc kho con ngi? Cho v

d.

T khi xut hin loi ngi v vi tc gia tng dn s gia tng theo cp s nhn, nhu
cu trong cuc sng ngy cng tng cao nn mi trng khng th p ng tho mn
nhu cu ca con ngi v mi trng cng khng kh nng ci thin v trng thi
cn bng ban u dn n mi trng b xo trn su sc, ngy nay hu nh khp ni
trn th gii u c du chn con ngi t ti v lm bin i b mt ca a cu qua
hai nguyn nhn chnh: s gia tng dn s nhanh v s tin b khoa hc k thut.
u tranh sinh tn v pht trin bng nhng tin b khoa hc k thut loi ngi ra
sc khai thc trit lm cn kit ngun ti nguyn khong sn thin nhin v gy
 nhim mi trng trm trng dn n sc kho con ngi cng b tc ng nghim
trng.

Vd:

4/ Trnh by tiu chun nh gi cht lng nc sch?

STT THNG S N V TIU CHUN

1 Mu sc TCU 15 (hoc khng mu)
2 Mi, v - Khng mi, v l
3 c ( trong) NTU (cm) 2 (phi trong >30cm
4 pH - 6,5 8,5
5 Total coliforms Khng c
6 E.coli Khng c
7 Clostridium perfringens Khng c

5/ Trnh by cc bin php x l nc hin nay c p dng rng ri?

Lm trong nc
Phng php kh st trong nc
Kh trng nc
Lc nc

6/ Trnh by cc tc hi do nhim khng kh lm nh hng n sc kho con ngi?

nh hng ti c quan h hp: gy co tht ph qun, hen, ung th phi, ung th vm

hng...
nh hng ti c quan thn kinh: benzen, carbuahydro...gy nhim c TK cp tnh.
Nhim c ch hu c gy vim no ch.
nh hng ti c quan tun hon v mu: ch, asen gy nhim c cp v nh hng
n mch mu vng tip xc (dn mch, hoi t mao mch)
nh hng ti c quan tiu ho: bi ch, thuc tr su gy RL tiu ho, tc ng trc
tip trn gan, tu, lch v c trn.
nh hng ti c quan tit niu: ht phi benzen, asen, ch... hm lng cao hn
ngng cho php s gy vim ng thn cp.
nh hng ti cc gic quan: bi, hi thuc tr su gy vim mi, tn thng gic mc
mt.
7/ Nguyn nhn, tc hi ca s nhim c CO, SO2?

Kh SO2

Nguyn nhn: Do qu trnh t chy than cht lng xu v cc loi du m sinh ra SO2.

Tc hi:

+ Khi ht phi SO2 nng thp gy co tht cc c ph qun, nng cao hn gy tng tit
nhy nim mc ng h hp gy khn c v ho.

+ SO2 v SO3 khi gp hi nc to ra H2SO3 v H2SO4 gy ra ma acid, nh hng n sinh vt v

cc cng trnh.

Kh CO

Nguyn nhn: CO c to thnh do t chy hp cht carbon khng hon ton. Do cc thit b
gia dng gia dng nhin liu bng g hoc sn xut kh carbon monoxide, bao gm: nhin liu
t nng khng gian, l nu thu tinh, luyn kim, than nng, l si...

Tc hi:

Nh: Nhc u, bun nn, RL tri gic.

Nng: RL thc, ng tc; RL h hp; Co git; Mt phn x, lit h hp; Hn m v c nguy c

t vong.

8/ Trnh by cc bin php kim sot nhim t?

Ci to t, bi hon ph nhiu cho t bng phn chung, phn xanh hoi sch
mm bnh lm cho t tr nn ti xp, thong khi tiu dit cc vi khun gy bnh c
trong t b nhim, kh mn, kh chua v kh phn cho t khi cn thit; cn c bin
php, k thut canh tc thch hp, lun canh nhiu loi cy trng... i vi nhng vng
t b nhim.

9/ Trnh by cc nguyn nhn gy nhim trng bnh vin?

i tng nguy c: bnh nhn, tr sinh non, ngi gi, bnh nhn suy dinh dng.
S dng khng sinh
S dng k thut hin i
S di chuyn ca bnh nhn
Cn b y t t c o to nghip v
10/ Trnh by cc bin php phng chng nhim trng bnh vin hin nay?

i vi nhn vin y t vt dng c

Tm - Ngm
Mng tay chn, tc - Lau ra
Giy dp - Lm kh
V sinh qun o - ng gi
Khu trang - V trng
Nn m
Ra tay

Chun b trc khi phu thut hay can thip phu thut

Co lng
Tm ra bnh nhn bng x phng st khun
St trng chun b m

V sinh thn nhn, bnh nhn

11/ Phn loi cht thi nguy hi da vo c tnh no? Cho v d

Tnh d chy: alcohol < 2,4% (theo th tch) hay c im chp chy nh hn 60oC
Tnh n mn:

+ Cht lng pH 2 hay pH 12,5

+ Cht lng c tc n mn ln hn 6.35 mm nhit l 55oC

Tnh phn ng
Tnh c

Vd:

12/ Trnh by cc phng php x l cht thi y t bnh vin?

Thiu t
Chn lp (Lanfill)
Tiu khun bng hi nng (autoclave): 121-160oC
Kh khun bng ho cht: formaldehyde, ethylene, oxide,...
Chiu bc x vi sng (microwave irradiation)
Tr ho (inertization): 65% cht thi + 15% vi + 15% xi mng + 5% nc => nn thnh
khi
13/ Th no l bnh ngh nghip? Trnh by cc bnh ngh nghip trong lnh vc y t?

Khi nim:

Bnh ngh nghip l nhng bnh l mang c trng ca ngh nghip hoc lin quan ti
ngh nghip. Nguyn nhn ca bnh ngh nghip l do tc hi thng xuyn v lu di
ca iu kin lao ng khng tt.
Bnh xy ra cp tnh hoc t t. Mt s bnh ngh nghip khng cha khi v li di
chng. Bnh ngh nghip c th phng trnh c.

Cc bnh ngh nghip trong lnh vc y t: bnh nhim HIV do tai nn ri ro, bnh vim ph
qun mn tnh ngh nghip...

14/ Chn mt bnh ngh nghip v trnh by phng php phng chng?

Bnh bi phi silic v bin php phng trnh:

Thay cc nguyn liu t hoc khng cha silic

Sn xut trong chu trnh khp kn
C gii ho, t ng ho qu trnh sn xut, thng gi, ht bi.
eo khu trang thng xuyn hoc mt n khi cn
Thng xuyn kim tra mi trng lao ng, t chc khm sc kho nh k hng nm.

15/ Th no l vi kh hu nng, lnh? K mt s bnh lin quan n vi kh nng, lnh v bin

php phng trnh?

16/ Ting n l g? Nguyn nhn pht sinh ting n?

nh ngha: Ting n l tp hp nhng m thanh c cng v tn s khc nhau c sp

xp mt cch ngu nhin, gy cm gic kh chu cho ngi nghe, cn tr con ngi lm vic v
ngh ngi.

Nguyn nhn pht sinh ting n:

Ting n c hc: sinh ra do s chuyn ng ca cc chi tit hay b phn my mc (My

phay, trc b r mn...))
Ting n va chm: sinh ra do mt s quy trnh cng ngh (rn dp, nghin dp...)
Ting n kh ng: sinh ra khi khng kh, hi chuyn ng vn tc cao (ng c phn
lc,...)
Ting n hoc xung: sinh ra khi ng c t trong lm vic.
16/ Bnh ic ngh nghip l g? Tc hi ca bnh ic ngh nghip?

nh ngha: l mt vi chn thng m do ting n trong mi trng lao ng t n mc gy

hi, tc ng trong mt thi gian di gy nn nhng tn thng khng hi phc c quan Corti
v dy thn kinh thnh gic tai trong.

Tc hi:

17/ Trong ngnh dc, lnh vc no lin quan n tip xc bi? Tc hi n sc kho?

Lnh vc bo ch

Tc hi: c th gy vim phi, d ng da, gy bnh mt...

18/ Bnh bi phi silic l g? Triu chng ca bnh bi phi silic?

nh ngha: Bnh bi phi silic l trng thi bnh l do ht phi bi c cha nhiu oxit silic (SiO2)
trong mi trng lao ng. c trng ca bnh l s x ho t chc phi.

Triu chng:

Kh th, x ho phi hoc kh thng

Ho v khc m
au ngc
Ho ra mu, khc m en