Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design

1. Introduction
Empirical design based on the AASHO road test:
Over 200 test sections JPCP (15 spacing) and JRPC (40 spacing)
Range of slab thickness: 2.5 to 12.5 inches
Subbase type: untreated gravel/sand with plastic fines
AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Subbase thickness; 0 to 9 inches
Subgrade soil: silty-clay (A-6)
Monitored PSI w/ load applications developed regression eqns
Number of load applications: 1,114,000
Dr. Christos Drakos

University of Florida

Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
2. General Design Variables 3.1.1 Pavement Without Subbase
Design Period If there is no Subbase, AASHTO suggests:
Traffic what changes? (EALF Table 6.7) Correlation based on 30-in plate-load tests
Reliability MR
k= k value becomes too high because k=fnc(1/a)
Based on functional classification 18.8 More accurate k if plate test was run w/ bigger plates;
Overall standard deviation (S0=0.25 0.35) too expensive & impractical
Performance criteria
PSI = PSI0 PSIt
3. Material Properties 3.1.2 Pavement With Subbase
3.1 Effective Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (k)
PCC If subbase exists, need to
Need to convert subgrade MR to k: determine the composite modulus
SUBBASE
1. Without Subbase of subgrade reaction (k)
k
2. With Subbase SUBGRADE
3. Shallow bedrock
BEDROCK

Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
3.1.2 Pavement With Subbase (cont.) 3.1.3 Rigid Foundation @ Shallow Depth

If bedrock is within
Example:
10ft, it will confine the
Subbase thickness=10
Subbase modulus=30,000 psi material (subgrade)
Subgrade MR=10,000 psi and will produce a
Figure 12.19 higher k.

Example:
To get k: Rigid depth=5
Cut across the ESB
Cut across MR to the TL From prev. page:
Vertically meet other line Subgrade MR=10,000 psi
Read k-value k = 600 pci

k=600pci k = 800pci

Figure 12.18
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
3.1.4 Effective Modulus of Subgrade Reaction Keff
3.1.5 Keff Example
Figure 12.18 Figure 12.19
Equivalent modulus that would result in the same damage if Subgrade Rigid
seasonal variations were taken into account (similar to flexible Modulus, MR Subbase Composite k- Foundation, Relative
Month (psi) Modulus, ESB (psi) value, k (pci) k (pci) Damage, ur
design) Jan 12,000 30,000 700 - 31.84

( ) 3.42 Feb 12,000 30,000 700 - 31.84

u r = D 0.75 0.39k 0.25 Mar 7,000 30,000 400 - 43.45
Apr 7,000 30,000 400 - 43.45
May 10,000 30,000 550 - 36.73
Month k ur
u
Jun 10,000 30,000 550 - 36.73
1 500 33.5 _ Jul 10,000 30,000 550 - 36.73
2 450 32.5 ur = r
Aug 10,000 30,000 550 - 36.73
. . . n Sep 10,000 30,000 550 - 36.73
. . . Oct 10,000 30,000 550 - 36.73
Nov 10,000 30,000 550 - 36.73
n xxx yy.y Dec 10,000 30,000 550 - 36.73
ur 444.41

Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
3.1.5 Keff Example (cont.) 3.1.6 Loss of Support (LS)
Reduction of keff by a factor LS to account for erosion and/or
_
ur =
ur =
444.41
= 37.03 differential soil movement
n 12 Best case scenario, LS=0 (Slab is in full contact with subbase)
D = 8in

Figure 12.20 keff = 540pci Fig12.21

37 LS = 1.0

kactual = 170pci
keff = 540pci

Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
3.1.7 Table for Estimating Keff 3.2 Portland Cement Concrete (PCC)
GRANULAR > 10 *
6 9
Elastic Modulus of Concrete (Ec):
0.5 Correlated with compressive strength
(*) IF<10 THEN FILL IN (5)

Ec = 57,000 f c'
Modulus of Rupture (Sc):
Fig. 12.18 Fig. 12.19 EQUATION
Third-point loading @ 28 days
20,000 100,000 1,300 37

L/3 L/3 L/3

15,000 100,000 1,000 43

534 = 44.5 534

12 Sc
945
Fig. 12.21 480
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
3.3 Pavement Structure Characteristics 4. Thickness Design
Drainage Coefficient (Cd): 4.1 Input Variables
Quality of drainage & percent time exposed to moisture (Table 12.20) Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, keff =70 pci
Traffic, W18 =5 million
Design Reliability, R =95%
Overall Standard Deviation, S0 =0.30
PSI =1.7
Elastic Modulus, Ec =5,000,000 psi
Modulus of Rupture, Sc =650 psi
Load Transfer Coefficient, J =3.3
Load Transfer Coefficient (J): Drainage Coefficient, Cd =1.0
Ability to transfer loads across joints and cracks (Table 12.19)
Lower J better performance/less conservative

Use Nomograph (Figures 12.17a&b) or solve equation

Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
4.2 Nomograph 4.2 Nomograph

Ec=5E6

D=9.8
J=3.3
Cd=1.0
74

Sc=650 74 W18=5 millon

Use D=10
k=70

S0=0.3

R=95%

Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
4.3 Equation 5. Other Design Features
W18 := 5000000 ZR := 1.645 S0 := 0.3 PSI := 1.7 k := 70 5.1 Slab Length What does this (length) depend on?
Sc := 650 J := 3.3 Cd := 1.0 pt := 2.8 Ec := 5000000 5.1.1 Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP)
D := 4.5 Governed by joint opening
Given = C L ( t T + )
log
PSI
Sc Cd ( D0.75 1.132)
Where:
4.5 1.5
log( W18) ( ZR S0) + 7.35 log( D + 1) 0.06 + + ( 4.22 0.32 pt) log = Joint opening
1.624 107 215.63 J D0.75 18.42
1+ 0.25 t = Coefficient of thermal contraction Remember (?):
( D + 1)
8.46
Ec




k
= Drying shrinkage coefficient If 0.05 then USE dowels
L = Slab length
Find( D) = 9.9
C = adjustment factor for subgrade friction
For NO dowels, determine L for =0.05
L 0.05
L= = = 179"
C( t T + ) 0.65(5.5 10 6 60 + 1.0 10 4 )
L 15ft
IF SLAB > 15 ft USE DOWELS
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
5.1.2 Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement (JRPC) 5.1.3 JRCP Reinforcement
Always doweled If (when) concrete cracks, steel picks up stress
fa cLh Where:
Remember (?): As =
2fs As = Area of required steel per unit width
0.25 to LIMIT bearing stress
fs = Allowable stress in steel
fa = Average friction coefficient between slab and foundation
Use same typical values from before:
L 0.25 Example
L= = = 894 40
(
C( t T + ) 0.65 5.5 10 6 60 + 1.0 10 4 ) Longitudinal:
0.0868 480 10 1.5 in 2
As = = 0.00727
L 75ft Lengths typically between 30-100 24
tie bars
2 43000 in
in2
A s = 0.0872
Guideline ft
c = 0.0868 pci
Table 4.3 select
40 slab length has been found to be OPTIMAL for JRCP h = 10 in Transverse: welded wire fabric
fa = 1.5
in2
fs = 43,000 A s = 0.0523
ft

Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
5.1.3 JRCP Reinforcement (cont) 5. Design Example
Longitudinal: Given the following information:
in2
A s = 0.0872 Roadbed soil MR:
ft 20,000 psi (December January)
Transverse: 8,000 psi (February March)
in 2 15,000 psi (April November)
A s = 0.0523
ft Subbase Information:
Loss of Support =0.5
Select: Friction factor =1.5
Thickness =6 inches
6x12 W4.5 x W5.5
Elastic Modulus =100,000 psi
Design Factors:
Design Reliability, R =90%
Overall Standard Deviation, S0 =0.40
PSI =1.5
Traffic =37.9 million ESAL
Drainage coefficient =1.0
Shoulders =10-ft wide PCC
Temperature drop =55 oF

Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
5. Design Example (cont) 5.2 JPCP Design
PCC: 5.2.1 Slab Length for no Dowels (<0.05)
Elastic Modulus, Ec = 4,500,000 psi
Modulus of Rupture, Sc = 725 psi = C L ( t T + ) L=
Limestone rock C( t T + )
Indirect Tensile Strength = 500 psi = 0.05
Design a JPCP (w/o dowels) and a JRCP (35-ft, w/ dowels). For each t = 3.8 x 10-6 /oF (Table 12.23, Limestone)
pavement determine the slab thickness, joint spacing (for the JCPC), and = 0.00045 (Table 12.22, Indirect Tensile Strength = 500 psi)
reinforcement (mesh designation for the JRCP) C = 0.65 (Cement Treated)

5.1 Effective modulus of subgrade reaction 0.05

L= = = 116.7"
C( t T + ) 0.65(3.8 10 6 55 + 4.5 10 4 )
Next page
L 9.7ft

Use SLAB LENGTH= 9 ft

Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design
5.2.2 Slab Thickness 5.3 JRCP Design
Declare the variables: 5.3.1 Slab Thickness
W18 := 37900000 Ec := 4500000 PSI := 1.5 k := 480 Sc := 725 Declare the variables:
Cd := 1.0 pt := 3 ZR := 1.282 S0 := 0.4 W18 := 37900000 Ec := 4500000 PSI := 1.5 k := 480 Sc := 725

J := 3.9 Table 12.19, No Dowels Cd := 1.0 pt := 3.0 ZR := 1.282 S0 := 0.4

J := 2.8 (Table 12.19, With Dowels)

Give an initial estimate:
Give an initial estimate:
D := 4.5
D := 4.5
Solver iteration:
Solver iteration:
Given
PSI Given
log Sc Cd ( D0.75 1.132) PSI
(
log W18 ) ( ZR S0) + 7.35 log( D + 1) 0.06 + 4.5 1.5
+ ( 4.22 0.32 pt) log log
4.5 1.5 + 4.22 0.32 p log
(
Sc C d D
0.75
1.132)

1 +
1.624 107
215.63 J D

0.75

18.42

0.25
(
log W18 ) ( ZR S0) + 7.35 log( D + 1) 0.06 + ( t) 0.75 18.42
( D + 1) 8.46
Ec 1.624 10
7
215.63 J D
1+
k c
0.25

( D + 1) 8.46

E

Find( D) = 13.195 k
Find( D) = 11.11

Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design

5.3.2 Reinforcement
Longitudinal:
(0.0868)(11)(35 12)(1.5) in2 in2
As = = 0.0070 A s = 0.0839
2 43000 in ft

Transverse: 12(lane)+12(lane)+10(shoulder)
(0.0868)(11)(34 12)(1.5) in2 in 2
As = = 0.0068 A s = 0.0816
2 43000 in ft

Fabric: 6 x 12 W4.5 x W8.5